Standard Maritime Simulator Systems 2-14

STANDARD FOR CERTIFICATION

DET NORSKE VERITAS

No. 2.14

MARITIME SIMULATOR SYSTEMS

OCTOBER 2007

FOREWORDDET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, prop-erty and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancyservices relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out researchin relation to these functions.Standards for CertificationStandards for Certification (previously Certification Notes) are publications that contain principles, acceptance criteria and prac-tical information related to the Society's consideration of objects, personnel, organisations, services and operations. Standardsfor Certification also apply as the basis for the issue of certificates and/or declarations that may not necessarily be related to clas-sification. A list of Standards for Certification is found in the latest edition of Pt.0 Ch.1 of the ”Rules for Classification of Ships” and the”Rules for Classification of High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft”.The list of Standards for Certification is also included in the current “Classification Services – Publications” issued by the Soci-ety, which is available on request. All publications may be ordered from the Society’s Web site http://exchange.dnv.com.The Society reserves the exclusive right to interpret, decide equivalence or make exemptions to this Standard for Certification.

Comments may be sent by e-mail to [email protected] information about DNV and the Society's services is found at the Web site http://www.dnv.com

© Det Norske VeritasComputer Typesetting (FM+SGML) by Det Norske Veritas

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Standard for Certification No. 2.14, October 2007Page 3

Main changesThe proposed revised/extended standard is divided into 10 sec-tions, with the following main changes:SECTION 1: APPLICATION AND CERTIFICATION

— minor changes and guidance notes— approval of simulators not specifically covered in the

standard.

SECTION 2: GENERAL

— minor editorial changes only, and adding guidance noteswhere appropriate.

SECTION 3: BRIDGE OPERATION

— inserted possibilities for class notations— inserted additional requirements for simulators intended

for training in “ice navigation”— inserted additional requirements for simulators intended

for training on “integrated bridge systems”— inserted additional requirements for simulators intended

for training in “anchor handling operations”.

SECTION 4: MACHINERY OPERATION

— inserted possibilities for class notations— inserted specific requirements for “low speed engines”— inserted specific requirements for “medium and high

speed engines”— inserted specific requirements for steam propulsion— inserted specific requirements for electric propulsion mo-

tors (diesel and/or gas)— inserted special requirements for simulators used for train-

ing ship’s electrical officers.

SECTION 5: RADIO COMMUNICATION

— minor adjustments of editorial nature, only.

SECTION 6: LIQUID CARGO HANDLING

— inserted possibilities for class notations— inserted specific requirements for oil tanker— inserted specific requirements for chemical tanker— inserted specific requirements for liquefied petroleum gas

tanker— inserted specific requirements for liquefied natural gas

tanker— inserted specific requirements for shore terminal— damage stability — tank cleaning.

SECTION 7: DRY CARGO AND BALLAST HANDLING (NEW)

— specific requirements for a simulator intended for dry car-go and ballast handling in accordance with the STCWcode.

SECTION 8: DYNAMIC POSITIONING (NEW)

— based on the IMCA M117 competence requirements, andIMO as well as DNV rules for DP.

SECTION 9: SAFETY AND SECURITY (NEW)

— based on the STCW-95 and ISPS competence require-ments.

SECTION 10: VTS OPERATION (NEW)

— based on IALA Recommendation V-103, competence re-quirements.

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CONTENTS

Sec. 1 Application and Certification .............................. 7

A. Scope and Application............................................................7A 100 General.............................................................................. 7

B. Classification Principles .........................................................7B 100 Certificate.......................................................................... 7B 200 Certification principles ..................................................... 7

C. Definitions ..............................................................................7C 100 General terms.................................................................... 7

D. Documentation........................................................................8D 100 General.............................................................................. 8D 200 Simulator system functions description............................ 8D 300 Simulator performance description................................... 9D 400 Test programmes for functionality ................................... 9

E. Tests........................................................................................9E 100 General.............................................................................. 9E 200 Initial tests to attain the certificate.................................... 9E 300 Annual tests to retain the certificate ................................. 9E 400 Tests for renewal of the certificate ................................. 10

Sec. 2 General................................................................. 11

A. Simulator Equipment............................................................11A 100 General............................................................................ 11

B. Instructor and Assessor facilities ..........................................11B 100 General............................................................................ 11

Sec. 3 Bridge Operation ................................................ 12

A. Simulator Class - Bridge Operation......................................12A 100 General............................................................................ 12

B. Simulation Objectives...........................................................12B 100 Class A - Bridge operation.............................................. 12B 200 Class B - Bridge operation.............................................. 12B 300 Class C - Bridge operation.............................................. 12B 400 Class S - Bridge operation .............................................. 12B 500 Class notations - Bridge operation.................................. 12B 600 Competencies addressed

by bridge operation simulator class ................................ 12

C. Simulator requirements.........................................................13C 100 Detailed requirements ..................................................... 13

Sec. 4 Machinery Operation ......................................... 19

A. Simulator Class - Machinery Operation ...............................19A 100 General............................................................................ 19

B. Simulation Objectives...........................................................19B 100 Class A - Machinery operation ....................................... 19B 200 Class B - Machinery operation ....................................... 19B 300 Class C - Machinery operation ....................................... 19B 400 Class S - Machinery operation........................................ 19B 500 Class notations - Machinery operation ........................... 19B 600 Competencies addressed b

y machinery operation simulator class............................ 19

C. Simulator requirements.........................................................20C 100 Detailed requirements ..................................................... 20

Sec. 5 Radio Communication........................................ 27

A. Simulator Class - Radio Communication .............................27A 100 General............................................................................ 27

B. Simulation Objectives...........................................................27B 100 Class A - Radio communication ..................................... 27B 200 Class B - Radio communication ..................................... 27B 300 Class C - Radio communication ..................................... 27B 400 Class S - Radio communication...................................... 27

B 500 Competencies addressed by radio communication simulator class ................................................................ 27

C. Simulator requirements.........................................................27C 100 Detailed requirements..................................................... 27

Sec. 6 Liquid Cargo Handling...................................... 29

A. Simulator Class - Liquid Cargo Handling ............................29A 100 General............................................................................ 29

B. Simulation Objectives...........................................................29B 100 Class A - Liquid Cargo handling .................................... 29B 200 Class B - Liquid Cargo handling .................................... 29B 300 Class C - Liquid Cargo handling .................................... 29B 400 Class S - Liquid Cargo handling..................................... 29B 500 Class notations - Liquid Cargo handling ........................ 29B 600 Competencies addressed

by Liquid Cargo handling simulator class ...................... 29


Sec. 7 Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling ...................... 34

A. Simulator Class – Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling .............34A 100 General............................................................................ 34

B. Simulation Objectives...........................................................34B 100 Class A - Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling..................... 34B 200 Class B - Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling..................... 34B 300 Class C - Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling..................... 34B 400 Class S - Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling ..................... 34B 500 Class notations – Dry Cargo and Ballast

Handling ......................................................................... 34B 600 Competencies addressed

by Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling simulator class....... 34


Sec. 8 Dynamic Positioning .......................................... 36

A. Simulator Class - Dynamic Positioning................................36A 100 General............................................................................ 36

B. Simulation Objectives...........................................................36B 100 Class A – Dynamic Positioning...................................... 36B 200 Class B - Dynamic Positioning....................................... 36B 300 Class C - Dynamic Positioning....................................... 36B 400 Class S - Dynamic Positioning ....................................... 36B 500 Competencies addressed

by dynamic positioning simulator class.......................... 36


Sec. 9 Safety and Security ............................................ 42

A. Simulator Class – Safety and Security..................................42A 100 General............................................................................ 42

B. Simulation Objectives...........................................................42B 100 Class A - Safety and Security ......................................... 42B 200 Class B - Safety and Security ......................................... 42B 300 Class C - Safety and Security ......................................... 42B 400 Class S - Safety and Security.......................................... 42B 500 Competencies addressed

by Safety and Security simulator class ........................... 42


Sec. 10 VTS Operation ................................................... 45

A. Simulator Class - VTS Operation .........................................45A 100 General............................................................................ 45

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B. Simulation Objectives........................................................... 45B 100 Class A - VTS operation .................................................45B 200 Class B - VTS operation .................................................45B 300 Class C - VTS operation .................................................45B 400 Class S - VTS operation..................................................45

B 500 Competencies addressed by VTS operation simulator class ...................................45

C. Simulator requirements.........................................................45C 100 Detailed requirements .....................................................45

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Standard for Certification No. 2.14, October 2007 Sec.1 – Page 7

SECTION 1APPLICATION AND CERTIFICATION

A. Scope and ApplicationA 100 General101 This standard gives requirements for the performance ofmaritime simulator systems.102 It is required in the STCW (Standards of Training, Cer-tification and Watchkeeping) Convention that simulators,when used for mandatory simulator-based training and/orwhen used as a mean to demonstrate competence (assessment)according to the same Convention, shall be approved by therelevant maritime administration (see STCW-95 Regulation I/12).This standard proposes one way of carrying out such approval.103 The purpose of the standard is to ensure that the simula-tions provided by the simulator include an appropriate level ofphysical and behavioural realism in accordance with recog-nised training and assessment objectives.104 The main target group for the standard is the following:

a) A simulator centre, which uses a simulator for examina-tion.

b) A simulator centre, which uses a simulator for mandatorysimulator training.

c) A simulator centre, which is in the process of buying/installing a new simulator, which is to be used for exami-nation or mandatory simulator training.

d) A manufacturer offering a simulator for examination ormandatory simulator training, and who would like to doc-ument the usefulness of the simulator to the buyer.

105 The standard gives criteria for the simulated functions,the equipment and the environment, considered necessary forspecified tasks in maritime operations.106 This standard does not prioritize the reliability of spe-cific equipment or software used in the simulator, e.g. redun-dancy, environmental testing nor maintenance. It is assumedthat the simulator is built from parts of sufficient reliability. 107 It is assumed that the simulator centre addresses theoperation of the simulator (i.e. using the simulator for trainingand/or assessment in a training programme) in a quality stand-ard system (STCW-95 Regulation I/8). In such quality stand-ard system the instructor and assessor qualifications (STCW-95 Regulation I/6) shall be addressed and the course curricu-lum shall be approved by the State (see the relevant standard ofcompetence in STCW-95).108 It is understood that the management of a simulator cen-tre ensures that the simulator complies with all additional man-datory requirements, e.g. electrical installation of suchequipment, which are not covered in this standard.

B. Classification PrinciplesB 100 Certificate101 Maritime simulators that comply with the requirementsof this standard will receive a Product certificate for “Maritimesimulator”. The simulator’s function area and the class accord-ing to this standard will be stated on the certificate. 102 The Product certificate will make reference to the appro-priate competencies, which are the simulation objectives of thesimulator.

103 The “Maritime simulator” Product certificates will havea validity period of five years. Provided the results from annualtests are satisfactory, the certificate may be renewed foranother five year period.104 A manufacturer offering a simulator for examination ormandatory simulator training that complies with the require-ments of this standard may request verification to obtain a"Statement of Compliance".105 The "Statement of Compliance" will make reference tothe appropriate competencies, which are the simulation objec-tives of the simulator.106 The "Statement of Compliance" will have a validityperiod of five years. Provided the results from renewal tests aresatisfactory, the "Statement of Compliance" may be renewedfor another five year period.

B 200 Certification principles201 Certification of maritime simulators shall generally becarried out according to the following principles:

— document evaluation (hardware and software)— approval of performance according to functional require-

ments based on approved test programmes (initial tests)— issue of the certificate— annual tests to retain the certificate (see E300)— tests for renewal of the certificate at the end of the validity

period.

202 When an alteration or addition to the approved simulatoris proposed, which will substantially change the performanceof the simulator, plans shall be submitted to the Society forapproval. The alterations or additions shall be carried out to thesatisfaction of the auditor from the Society.

Guidance note:With substantial changes are meant changes to the simulator, inwhich the learning objectives of a training programme may beaffected. Minor changes to documents, hardware and software,and the use of comparable modules (e.g. different brands of sim-ulated equipment) should be documented and verified in con-junction with the next annual tests, in order to retain thecertificate.

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C. DefinitionsC 100 General terms101 Maritime simulator: A creation of certain conditions bymeans of a model, to simulate situations within maritime oper-ation.

Guidance note:For process simulation the model is defined as the simulated pro-pulsion type, in cargo handling the simulated ship type.


102 Simulator class: A three grade scale for levels of per-formance capabilities of maritime simulators. The threeclasses are Class A (full mission), Class B (multi-task), ClassC (limited task). In addition, Class S (special tasks) is used forsimulators where the performance is defined on a case by casebasis.103 Function area: A seven part division of maritime simu-lators with regard to function. Maritime simulators are divided

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Standard for Certification No. 2.14, October 2007 Page 8 – Sec.1

into simulators for: bridge operation, machinery operation,radio communication, cargo handling, dynamic positioning,safety and security, and vessel traffic systems.104 Bridge operation simulator: A simulator with the objec-tive to create realistic situations for some of the competencerequirements in STCW-95 Chapter II.105 Machinery operation simulator: A simulator with theobjective to create realistic situations for some of the compe-tence requirements in STCW-95 Chapter III.106 Radio communication simulator: A simulator with theobjective to create realistic situations for some of the compe-tence requirements in STCW-95 Chapter IV.107 Cargo handling simulator: A simulator with the objec-tive to create realistic situations for some of the competencerequirements in STCW-95 Chapter II, Chapter III and Regula-tion V/1.108 Dynamic positioning simulator: A simulator with theobjective to create realistic situations for some of the compe-tence requirements in the IMCA (International Marine Con-tractor's Association) M117.109 Safety and Security simulator: A simulator with theobjective to create realistic situations for some of the compe-tence requirements in STCW-95, chapter VI and ISPS B/13.1.110 VTS (vessel traffic services) simulator: A simulator withthe objective to create realistic situations for some of the com-petence requirements in IALA (International Association ofMarine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities) rec-ommendation V-103.111 Simulator types not covered in this standard: The soci-ety can issue a statement of compliance for simulators used tocreate realistic situations for some of the competence require-ments listed in DNV competence standards or training coursescertified to DNV standard for certification of learning pro-grammes. Such simulators can be:

— onboard crane — crises management — oil spill— ROV (remotely operated vehicle)— MOU in accordance with IMO recommendations on train-

ing of personnel on mobile offshore units— HSC in accordance with IMO guidelines in the interna-

tional code of safety for high-speed craft, 2000— WIG in accordance with IMO general principles and rec-

ommendations for knowledge, skills and training for offic-ers on wing-in-ground (Wig) craft operating in bothdisplacement and ground effect modes

— fishery— other.

112 Physical realism: To what degree the simulator looksand feels like real equipment. The realism shall include capa-bilities, limitations and possible errors of such equipment.

Guidance note:

- In cases where instrumentation is accessed through a PC mon-itor and/or touch screen, these general measures to user dis-plays and limitation of functionality may apply:

- the related application(s) shall start up automatically with nouser interactions upon start-up.

- other applications (e.g. Program Manager, File Manager,Notepad or other word processors, etc.) shall not be accessi-ble.

- hot keys normally giving access to other functions (Alt+Tab,Ctrl+Esc, Alt+Esc, double-clicking in background, etc.) shallbe disabled.

- quitting of main application shall be disabled (e.g. Alt+F4,File Exit, etc.).

- for applications where main window is meant to be present atall times, control buttons in header (minimise, resize and con-trol normally including restore, minimise, exit and switch)

and moving and resizing by drag-and-drop of banners andborders, etc., shall be disabled.

- the learner should not have access to configuration files (e.g.autoexec.bat, config.sys, system.ini, etc.).


113 Behavioural realism: To what degree the simulatorresembles real equipment in order to allow a learner to exhibitthe appropriate skills. The realism shall include capabilities,limitations and possible errors of such equipment.114 Operating environment: The environment surroundingthe simulated functions, which gives input to the learner e.g.vessel traffic pattern, engine power demands, oil terminaloperations, radio message traffic and/or weather conditions.115 Realistic environment: The impression perceived by thelearner, experienced in a training programme, regarding thesimulator, comprising of physical realism, behavioural realismand the operating environment.116 Competence-based assessment: A carefully consideredjudgement of the workplace performance to demonstrate thatindividuals can perform or behave to specific standards.117 Learner: A person who is gaining knowledge, skills and/or changing attitudes in a training programme.118 Instructor: A person who is conducting training of alearner in a training programme. The instructor shall havequalifications and experience in accordance with STCW-95Section A-I/6 clause 4 and 7.119 Assessor: A person who is conducting assessment ofcompetence of a learner, which is intended to be used in qual-ifying for certification under the STCW Convention. Theassessor shall have qualifications and experience in accord-ance with STCW-95 Section A-I/6 clause 6 and 7.

D. DocumentationD 100 General101 The documentation given below shall be submitted forapproval.

Guidance note:It is sufficient to submit an electronic copy of the documentationto the Society for approval.


102 The documentation shall be limited to describing andexplaining the relevant aspects governed by the requirementsin this standard.103 Symbols used in the documentation shall be explained,or reference to a standard code shall be given.

D 200 Simulator system functions description201 The following requirements for the description of thesimulator shall address the simulator itself as well as the sup-porting functions e.g. the facilities for the instructor and theassessor.202 Simulation philosophyA document describing the philosophy and the general purposeof the simulator system, including the principles of trainingand assessment that could be utilised.

Guidance note:The simulation philosophy is a 1-2 pages document describinghow the simulator centre is using the simulator system. The pur-pose with the simulator and in principal how training and assess-ment is done.


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203 User interface descriptionThe user interface between the simulator and the learner(s), theinstructor and the assessor shall be documented by:

a) A drawing showing the physical layout and dimensions ofeach module.

b) A description of the functions allocated to each keyboardand screen.

c) A description of individual screen views (schematics, col-our prints, etc.).

d) A description of how menus are operated.e) A list of all alarms and operator messages. When the

alarms or messages are not self-explanatory additionalexplanations shall be included.

f) A description of software "help" systems.

When recognised real maritime equipment or operational con-trols are used, it is sufficient to identify such products (see 204).

Guidance note:In case the user interface is already covered in the operation man-ual then it is not necessary to go into great details of items c-e.


204 Instrument and equipment listA list stating for each key component as applicable:

a) System.b) Name of manufacturer.c) Type etc., necessary to identify the component.

Guidance note:The purpose of the instrument and equipment list is mainly toidentify the key components. A table with name and number issufficient. The manufacturers "scope of supply" list may be onealternative.


205 Descriptions of functions covered by software

a) A list of all main software modules installed per hardwareunit stating names and version numbers.

b) Description of application software (not program listings)with detail level sufficient to understand its function.

c) Tools for system set-up and process equipment configura-tion.

206 Operation manualA document intended for regular use at the simulator centre,providing information as applicable to, but not limited to:

— operational mode of all modules, for normal system per-formance (baseline starting point)

— operating instructions for normal operating mode.

D 300 Simulator performance description301 It shall be documented that the simulator can be used forall of the defined simulation objectives.

Guidance note:The documentation may include one or more of the following:

a) Cross reference between the STCW Convention compe-tence requirements and simulation scenarios.

b) Description of training exercises, including learning objec-tives, for each element of competence.

c) Specification of the training type such as: emergency; optimi-zation; procedures; maintenance; troubleshooting; decision-making; teamwork; operator; part-tasking; component etc.

d) Outline of how each element of competence can beassessed.


302 It shall be documented that the simulator can simulatethe operating capabilities of real equipment concerned andincludes the capabilities, limitations and possible errors ofsuch equipment.303 It shall be documented that the simulator is capable ofproducing a variety of conditions, which may include emer-gency, hazardous or unusual situations relevant to the simula-tion objectives.304 When one ore more simulators are interconnected, theintegration protocol used together with a description of whichfunctions that are interfaced shall be documented.

D 400 Test programmes for functionality401 Test programmes for the functionality of the simulatorshall be submitted for approval. The main purpose is to verifythe performance described in 300. The manufacturers "siteacceptance test" (SAT) may be a point of origin.402 The tests are only to cover requirements given by thisstandard. The test programmes shall specify in detail how thevarious functions shall be tested and what shall be observedduring the tests.403 Each test programme shall include a description of eachtest item and a description and justification of the acceptancecriteria for each test.

Guidance note:In general the test program shall focus on operational tests inaccordance with operational procedures of the simulation objec-tive. i.e., from start-up to full operation like in a sea trial, all rel-evant operations in cargo handling, etc.


E. TestsE 100 General101 All tests shall be carried out according to test pro-grammes approved by the Society.102 The tests and visual examination shall verify that all rel-evant standard requirements are met.103 The tests shall include the correct function of individualequipment packages, together with establishment of correctparameters for alarm, control and safety (time constants, setpoints, etc.).104 Copies of the approved test programmes shall be keptwith the simulator. It is to be completed with final set pointsand endorsed by the Society's auditor.105 A change-log shall be kept updated with all changes andmaintenance carried out on the simulator. The change-log shallat least include action, alteration achieved and date. A copy ofthe change-log shall be submitted to the Society in connectionwith renewal of the certificate.

E 200 Initial tests to attain the certificate201 The tests shall be conducted when the simulator is fullyassembled to a complete and final unit. The tests shall be wit-nessed by an auditor from the Society.

E 300 Annual tests to retain the certificate301 The annual tests shall be conducted when the simulatoris under normal operation. The tests shall be witnessed by anauditor from the Society.

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302 Under the condition that the simulator centre has a certi-fied quality standard system, either an ISO 9000 certificateawarded by any accredited body or a certificate according tothe DNV Standard for Certification of Maritime SimulatorCentres, then the annual tests may be carried out solely by thesimulator centre.

303 The test results and a copy of the change-log shall besubmitted to the Society for approval and recording.

E 400 Tests for renewal of the certificate401 The tests shall be conducted when the simulator is undernormal operation. The tests shall be witnessed by an auditorfrom the Society.

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SECTION 2GENERAL

A. Simulator EquipmentA 100 General101 Each piece of equipment installed in the simulator shallhave a similar functionality to corresponding real equipmentused. 102 If any piece of equipment does not correspond to a spe-cific make, the applicable IMO (International Maritime Organ-ization) performance standard (functionality requirementsonly) for such equipment shall be followed. If such a perform-ance standard does not exist, then the functionality of theequipment shall, as a minimum, be the same as for any recog-nised genuine equipment of that type, in use.103 Each piece of equipment shall resemble the behaviouralcharacteristics, e.g. accuracy, reaction time and other limita-tions, related to corresponding equipment in use.104 User manuals for the simulator equipment and opera-tional controls shall be available to the learners for use duringexercises.

Guidance note:If emulated instrumentation is used the following requirementsapply:

a) Digital and analogue instrumentation shall be grouped andpositioned into realistic function areas.

b) The visual proportion of the emulated instruments shall beclose to real instrumentation.

c) Scale and range shall be in accordance with real instrumen-tation.

d) It shall be possible to dim indication lamps and digital read-ings where applicable.

e) When computer generated sound indicators, buzzers andsirens are used, it shall have adequate loudness and similartone and repetition frequency as for real instrumentation.


B. Instructor and Assessor facilitiesB 100 General101 The simulator shall include instructor and assessor facil-ities where exercises may be controlled. 102 The instructor and the assessor shall be able to:

a) Start, halt, reset in time and place, and restart an exercise.

b) Change the operating environment during an exercise.c) Communicate with the learners (i.e. simulate the outside

world) on relevant communication channels.d) Follow the conversations of the learners (Class A to B

only).e) Visually follow the proceedings of an exercise by any

method.f) Plot conducted exercises (e.g. ship tracks, targets, and

coastline) by any method (bridge operation only).g) Activate simulation of relevant failures in all equipment

used.

103 The instructor and the assessor shall have access to anoperation manual or equivalent with contents as outlined inSec.1 D206.104 It shall be possible to replay a full exercise showing theactions performed by the learners. The replay shall be possiblein time other than real time (i.e. slow motion and rapid speed).The purpose is to trace and replay sequences of special interestin the exercise.105 The instructor and assessor facilities shall include possi-bilities to set up a scoring or grading method to assess perform-ance of the learner.

Guidance note:A scoring and grading possibility may include:

a) Monitoring of selected parameters, continuous or at selectedstages.

b) Comparing these with norm values, weighing and countingthe deviation.

c) Presenting these values and deviations in an understandablemanner upon completion of the exercise.


106 The instructor and assessor facilities should include pos-sibilities to set the exercise to any position in the replay and letthe learner start over from the set time.

Guidance note:When real equipment is interfaced, it might not be possible toplayback all data in the same application. It will in those cases beacceptable to have a video logger that is able to save screens anddata from other systems provided that this can be synchronisedand displayed in the playback.


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SECTION 3BRIDGE OPERATION

A. Simulator Class - Bridge OperationA 100 General101 Simulators for the function area bridge operation may bedivided into the following simulator classes:

B. Simulation ObjectivesB 100 Class A - Bridge operation101 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class A in Table B1.

B 200 Class B - Bridge operation201 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class B in Table B1.

B 300 Class C - Bridge operation301 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class C in Table B1.

B 400 Class S - Bridge operation401 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for selected STCW-95 competence requirementreferred to in the column for Class S in Table B1.402 Overriding the requirement in 401, the simulator may becapable of simulating any equipment and/or scenario, forbridge operation, for any competence requirement defined. Insuch a case the relevant equipment and/or scenario, and com-petence requirements will be stated or referred to in the certif-icate.

B 500 Class notations - Bridge operation501 In addition to the main class A, B, C or S a class notationin accordance with DNV Rules for Classification of Ships canbe obtained for describing special features and capabilities ofthe simulator.

B 600 Competencies addressed by bridge operation sim-ulator class601 The competencies addressed by bridge operation simu-lator classes are given in Table B1.

Table A1 Simulator classes for the function area bridge operation

Class A (NAV) A full mission simulator capable of simulating a total shipboard bridge operation situation, including the capability for advanced manoeu-vring in restricted waterways.

Class B (NAV) A multi task simulator capable of simulating a total shipboard bridge operation situation, but excluding the capability for advanced manoeuvring in restricted waterways.

Class C (NAV) A limited task simulator capable of simulating a shipboard bridge operation situation for lim-ited (instrumentation or blind) navigation and collision avoidance.

Class S (NAV) A special tasks simulator capable of simulat-ing operation and/or maintenance of particular bridge instruments, and/or defined navigation/manoeuvring scenarios.

Table B1 Competencies addressed by bridge operation simulator class

STCW-95reference

Competence Class A (NAV)

Class B (NAV)

Class C (NAV)

Class S (NAV)

Table A-II/1.1 Plan and conduct a passage and determine position A B (S)

Table A-II/1.2 Maintain a safe navigational watch A B (S)

Table A-II/1.3 Use of radar and ARPA to maintain safety of navigation A B C (S)

Table A-II/1.4 Respond to emergencies A B C (S)

Table A-II/1.5 Respond to a distress signal at sea A B C (S)

Table A-II/1.8 Manoeuvre the ship A B C (S)

Table A-II/2.1 Plan a voyage and conduct navigation A B (S)

Table A-II/2.2 Determine position and the accuracy of resultant position fix by any means

A B (S)

Table A-II/2.3 Determine and allow for compass errors A B (S)

Table A-II/2.4 Co-ordinate search and rescue operations A B (S)

Table A-II/2.5 Establish watchkeeping arrangements and procedures A B (S)

Table A-II/2.6 Maintain safe navigation through the use of radar and ARPA and mod-ern navigation systems to assist command decision-making

A B C (S)

Table A-II/2.9 Manoeuvre and handle a ship in all conditions A (S)

Table A-II/2.10 Operate remote controls of propulsion plant and engineering systems and services

A (S)

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C. Simulator requirementsC 100 Detailed requirements101 The bridge operation simulator shall, according to class,fulfil the requirements given in Table C1, Table C2 andTable C3.

Class S requirements will be dependant upon the type of sim-ulated equipment and/or scenario, and the defined competencerequirements.

Table C1 Physical realism

Item Requirement Class A (NAV)

Class B (NAV)

Class C (NAV)

Class S (NAV)

a Equipment and consoles are to be installed, mounted, and arranged in a ship-like manner.

X X

The following equipment shall at least be included in the simulator:

b Controls of propulsion plant operations, including engine telegraph, pitch-control and thrusters. There shall be indicators for shaft(s) revolutions and pitch of propel-ler(s). There shall be controls for at least one propeller and one bow thruster.

X X

c Controls of propulsion plant operations. X

d Controls of propulsion plant for mooring operations. By any method, it shall be pos-sible to observe the ship's side and the dock during operation of such controls.

X

e Controls of auxiliary machinery. There shall be controls for at least two auxiliary engines, including electric power supply control.

X

f Steering console, including recognised facilities for hand steering and automatic steering with controls for switch over. There shall be indicators of rudder angle and rate of turn.

X X X

g Steering compass and bearing compass (or repeater) with an accuracy of at least 1 degree.

X X

h Steering compass. X

i At least one Radar/ARPA display/unit (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid). It shall be possible to simulate both a 10 cm and a 3 cm radar. The radar shall be capable to operate in the stabilised relative motion mode and sea and ground stabilised true motion modes (see STCW-95 Section A-1/12.4.1 and 3).

X X X

j Communication equipment in accordance with GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress Safety System) frame-work, covering at least the requirements for relevant area (where simulated navigation is planned for).

X X

k Communication equipment including at least one VHF (Very High Frequency) radio.

X

l The simulator shall include a Communications system that will allow for internal ship and ship to shore communications to be conducted.

X X

m ECDIS (electronic chart display and information system). X X

n GPS (Global Positioning System), echo-sounder and speed log showing speed through the water (1axis) for ships below 50 000 GRT and in addition speed and dis-tance over ground in forward and athwart ship direction for ships above 50 000 GRT.

X X X

o Instrument for indication of relative wind- direction and force. X X X

p Sound panel according to the "rules of the road". X X X

q Instrument for indication of navigational lights. X X

r Control system for fire detection, fire alarm and lifeboat alarm. X X

s AIS (Automatic Identification System) X X

Additional requirements for simulators intended for training in ice navigation

t Two speed and distance measuring devices. Each device should operate on a differ-ent principle, and at least one device should be capable of being operated in both the sea and the ground stabilized mode.

X X

u Searchlight controllable from conning positions. X X

v Manually operated flashing red light visible from astern to indicate when the ship is stopped.

X X

w VDR (Voyage Data Recorder) or capability for vessel history track and learner actions log from the instructor and the assessor position.

X X

DET NORSKE VERITAS


x Equipment capable of receiving ice, icing warnings, and weather information charts.

X X

y Anchoring and towing arrangements X X

Additional requirements for simulators intended for training on Integrated Bridge Systems

z Two digital gyro repeaters shall be installed, each at the workstation for docking operations if bearing on bridge wings are not readable from the normal working position.

X X

aa Means for manual steering shall be provided at the docking workstation. X X

bb Additional Speed and distance measuring equipment, or other approved means to measure and indicate speed and distance over the ground in the forward direction and the speed in the athwart ship direction.

X X

cc The speed measuring system shall include slave displays providing information to workstations for docking operations.

X X

dd The depth measuring system shall include slave displays providing information to workstations for docking operations.

X X

ee Two Radar/ARPA display/units. When radar is used for automatic plotting, both installed radars shall facilitate ARPA functions. This is in order to improve the determination of the risk of collision, when operating conditions in narrow waters requires two navigators to maintain safety of navigation.

X X

ff A system for determining and continuously updating the ship's position by auto-matic means, enabling automatic detection of cross-track-error, shall be provided.

X X

gg All systems related to the integrated bridge system shall included failure control(s) and method(s) to train and assess the learner in the use of advanced equipment, tech-nology and enable familiarization and training to understand the limitations of auto-matic systems.

X X

Additional requirements for simulators intended for training in Anchor Handling operations

hh Engine telegraph with pitch control for 2 propellers located at forward bridge. X X

ii Thruster control for bow and stern thrusters located at forward bridge. X X

jj Thruster control for azimuth propeller located at forward bridge. X X

kk Control for 2 rudders (synchronic and independent) located at forward bridge. X X

ll Engine telegraph with pitch control for 2 propellers located at aft bridge. X X

mm Thruster control for bow and stern thrusters located at aft bridge. X X

nn Thruster control for azimuth propeller located at aft bridge. X X

oo Control for 2 rudders (synchronic and independent) located at aft bridge. X X

pp A polar joystick giving possibility to control manoeuvring equipment as selected located at aft bridge.

X X

qq Winch control panel located at aft bridge that will display line tension, payout, and speed.

X X

rr Winch computer located at aft bridge. X X

ss Clutch panel located at aft bridge. X X

tt Independent control handles for 3 winches enabling, haul in, pay out, and control of spooling gear located at aft bridge.

X X

uu Two monitors where the winch operator chooses between a selection of cameras showing the different winches to give a full coverage of the winch.

X X

Class S requirements will be dependant upon the type of simulated equipment and/or scenario, and the defined competence requirements.

Table C1 Physical realism (Continued)


Class B (NAV)

Class C (NAV)

Class S (NAV)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


Table C2 Behavioural realism


Class B (NAV)

Class C (NAV)

Class S (NAV)

a The simulation of own ship shall be based on a mathematical model with 6 degrees of freedom.

X X

b The simulation of own ship shall be based on a mathematical model with at least 3 degrees of freedom.

X

c The model shall realistically simulate own ship hydrodynamics in open water con-ditions, including the effects of wind forces, wave forces, tidal stream and currents.

X X X

d The model shall realistically simulate own ship hydrodynamics in restricted water-ways, including shallow water and bank effects, interaction with other ships and sheer current.

X

e The simulator shall include mathematical models of at least five types of own ship relevant to the training objectives.

X X

f The simulator shall include mathematical models of at least three types of own ship relevant to the training objectives.

X X X

g The simulator shall include at least one tug model that can realistically simulate tug assistance during manoeuvring and escort operations by any method. It must be possible to simulate pull, push, reposition towing and escorting.

X X

h The tug model shall be affected by own ship's speed and as such include degrading performance depending on the type of tug simulated. It should be possible to oper-ate with both conventional and tractor tugs having different characteristics and response times.

X

i The radar simulation equipment shall be capable of model weather, tidal streams, current, shadow sectors, spurious and false echoes and other propagation effects, and generate coastlines, navigational buoys and search and rescue transponders (see STCW-95 Section A-1/12.4.2).

X X X

j The ARPA simulation equipment shall incorporate the facilities for:

— manual and automatic target acquisition— past track information— use of exclusion areas— vector/graphic time-scale and data display— trial manoeuvres

(see STCW-95 Section A-1/12.5)

X X X

k The simulator shall provide an own ship engine sound, reflecting the power output. X X

l The simulator shall provide capabilities for realistically conduct anchoring opera-tions by any method.

X


m The own ship model shall realistically simulate hydrodynamics in interaction with solid ice edge.

X X

n The own ship model shall realistically simulate hydrodynamics and ice pressure in interaction with solid ice.

X X

o The own ship model shall realistically simulate the effects of reduced stability as a consequence of ice accretion.

X X

p It shall be possible to simulate the effect of the following ice conditions with vari-ations:

— ice type— ice concentration— ice thickness.

X X

q It shall be possible to realistically simulate the towing of own ship - own ship, and own ship target ship and target own ship. It shall be possible to introduce different towing gear like rope or steel wire with different strength and elasticity, forward, stern and side towing.

X X

DET NORSKE VERITAS



r The simulator shall include mathematical models of at least two types of anchor handling own ships. The own ships should be set up withwire on winches:

— wire length— dimensions and type on three winches— work wire, dead man wire.

Possibility for the instructor to change wire set up during exercise and place objects, anchors and buoys on deck.

X X

s The simulator shall include mathematical models of at least two semi submersible oil rigs operated by the instructor. It shall be possible to change:

— crane positions — anchor patterns— anchor selection— crane ready with PCP (permanent chaser pennant)— anchors racked in bolster / anchor on sea bed— anchors to be laid by position latitude, longitude, or by instructor — rig to be set up with 8 winches, each winch having a chain and an anchor— possibility to insert a wire in the system as to make the system consist of the

anchor, connecting link and chain.

X X

t The simulator shall include mathematical models of at least two tugs /assisting ves-sels) that can be connected in the anchor systems and/or at the towing bridle oper-ated by the instructor.

X X

u The forces from the environment (wind, current and waves) and forces acting on the anchor handling wire must act on the own ship.

X X

v When breaking load is reached on a wire, the wire should break and be slack on deck and have no effect on the vessels model.

X X

w When the handles of the winch is operated the winch must respond in a realistic way. It has to run with the speed corresponding to the handle settings, the load on the winch and brake settings.

X X

x All values needed by the winch information system shall be calculated.

The effect of band brakes, disc brakes and water brakes to be calculated.

Holding power reduced due to increased diameter must be included in the calcula-tions.

X X

y The own ship control by instructor shall include control of winch operation, "shark jaws", "tuggers" and capstans.

X X

z Forces from the wires / chains that are acting on the "shark jaws", guide pins or stop pins shall have effect on vessel movement.

X X


Table C3 Operating environment


Class B (NAV)

Class C (NAV)

Class S (NAV)

Target ships

a The simulator shall be able to present at least 10 different types of target ships, each equipped with a mathematical model, which accounts for motion, drift and steering angles according to forces induced by current, wind or wave.

X X X

b The target ships shall be equipped with navigational- lights, shapes and sound sig-nals, according to "rules of the road". The signals shall be individually controlled by the instructor, and the sound signals shall be directional and fade with range. Each ship shall have an aspect recognisable at a distance of 6 nautical miles in clear weather. A ship under way shall provide relevant bow- and stern wave.

X X

c The simulator shall be able to present at least 100 target ships (see STCW-95 Sec-tion A-1/12.4.3) at the same time, where the instructor shall be able to programme voyage routes for each target ship individually.

X X X

Outside view

d The simulator shall provide a realistic visual scenario by day, dusk or by night, including variable meteorological visibility, changing in time. It shall be possible to create a range of visual conditions, from dense fog to clear.

X X

Table C2 Behavioural realism (Continued)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


e The visual system and/or a motion platform shall replicate movements of own ship according to 6 degrees of freedom.

X

f The visual system and/or a motion platform shall replicate movements of own ship according to at least 3 degrees of freedom.

(X) X

g The view shall be updated with a frequency of at least 30 Hz measured in a typical visual scene for the intended exercises and have an angular resolution of 2,5 arc-minutes.

X X

h The projection of the view shall be placed at such a distance and in such a manner from the bridge windows that accurate visual bearings may be taken to objects in the scene. It shall be possible to use binocular systems for observations.

X

i The visual system shall present the outside world by a view around the horizon (360 degrees). The horizontal field of view may be obtained by a view of at least 240 degrees and where the rest of the horizon may be panned (to move the "camera").

X

j The visual system shall present at least 25 degrees of vertical field view. In addition by any method, it shall be possible to observe the ship's side and the dock during mooring operations.

X

k The visual system shall present the outside world by a view of at least 120 degrees horizontal field of view. In addition, at least the horizon from 120 degrees port to 120 degrees starboard must be able to be visualised by any method.

X

l The visual system shall present all navigational marks according to charts used. X X

m The visual system shall show objects with sufficient realism (detailed enough to be recognised as in real life).

X X

n The visual system shall show mooring and towing lines with sufficient realism in accordance with the forces effecting the tension.

X

Outside sound

o The simulator shall be capable of providing environmental sound according to con-ditions simulated.

X

Navigated waters

p The navigated waters shall include a current pattern, changeable in time, according to the charts used. Tidal waters shall be reflected.

X X X

q The simulation shall include the depth according to charts used, reflecting water level according to tidal water situation.

X X X

r The simulator shall provide at least two different wave spectra, variable in direction height and period.

X X


s The visual system shall be capable of showing concentrations of solid and broken ice of different thickness.

X X

t The visual system shall be capable of showing the result of icebreaking including opening, twin breaking and compacting channel.

X X

u The visual system shall be capable of showing the effects of searchlight. X X

v The visual system shall be capable of showing the effects of the ice accretion to the own ship model.

X X


w The anchors shall be movable on deck by use of "tugger" and capstan winches.

Anchors to be connected / disconnect to chain, or wires on deck.

X X

x The following anchor types should be used:

— stewpris— stewmanta— bruce— dennla— torpedo.

X X

Table C3 Operating environment (Continued)


Class B (NAV)

Class C (NAV)

Class S (NAV)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


y Following shackles/ connections should be used:

— shackle— pear link— kenter link— detachable link — swivel.

X X

z The Shark Jaws, the wire lifter, guide pins and stop pins shall be visible and show the movement when operated. When raised the Shark Jaws, the wire lifter, guide pins and stop pins shall affect the wire.

X X

aa Wire and chain shall bend around objects such as wire guides. X X

bb When the vessel is chasing an anchor the wire or chain must jump as the wire passes over chain links.

X X

cc Slack wire and chain shall be shown as slack. Any tension should make the wire lift from the deck, indicating a catenary curve.

X X

dd When breaking load is reached on a wire or chain, they should break and be slack on deck.

X X

ee Capstan winches shall be situated on aft deck, one on the port and one on the star-board side. On the capstan a 19 mm wire should be used as dead man wire.

X X

ff "Tugger" winches shall be situated forward on deck, one port and one starboard side. On the "tugger" a 19 mm wire should be used as dead man wire.

X X

gg It shall be possible to command and view the deck crew to prepare the capstan /"tugger" wire. This action can be controlled by the instructor.

The capstan and "tugger" wires should have the possibility to be connected to all main winches and gipsy wheels and also to be laid ready on deck on predefined positions.

X X

hh It shall be possible for the instructor to control the anchor handling winch of the helper station vessel (target or own ship) including the ability to adjust speed on winch, pay out and haul in.

X X


Table C3 Operating environment (Continued)


Class B (NAV)

Class C (NAV)

Class S (NAV)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


SECTION 4MACHINERY OPERATION

A. Simulator Class - Machinery OperationA 100 General101 Simulators for the function area machinery operationmay be divided into the simulator classes given in Table A1.

B. Simulation ObjectivesB 100 Class A - Machinery operation101 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirements

referred to in the column for Class A in Table B1.

B 200 Class B - Machinery operation201 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class B in Table B1.

B 300 Class C - Machinery operation301 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class C in Table B1.

B 400 Class S - Machinery operation401 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for selected STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class S in Table B1.402 Overriding the requirement in 401, the simulator may becapable of simulating any machinery equipment and/or engi-neering scenario, for any competence requirement defined. Insuch a case the relevant equipment and/or scenario will bestated or referred to in the certificate.

B 500 Class notations - Machinery operation501 In addition to the main class A, B, C or S a class notationin accordance with DNV Rules for Classification of Ships canbe obtained for describing special features and capabilities ofthe simulator.

B 600 Competencies addressed by machinery operation simulator class601 The competencies addressed by machinery operationsimulator classes are given in Table B1.

Table A1 Simulators for the function area machinery operation

Class A (ENG) A full mission simulator capable of simulating all machinery operations in engine control room and machinery spaces, by the use of operational panels in machinery spaces.

Class B (ENG) A multi task simulator capable of simulating several machinery operations in engine con-trol room and machinery spaces, but with lim-ited use of operational panels in machinery spaces.

Class C (ENG) A limited task simulator capable of simulating some machinery operations in engine control room for procedural training.

Class S (ENG) A special tasks simulator capable of simulat-ing operation and/or maintenance of particular machinery equipment, and/or defined engi-neering scenarios.

Table B1 Competencies addressed by machinery operation simulator class

STCW-95reference

Competence Class A (ENG)

Class B (ENG)

Class C (ENG)

Class S (ENG)

Table A-III/1.4 Maintain a safe engineering watch A B (S)

Table A-III/1.6 Operate main and auxiliary machinery and associated control systems A B C (S)

Table A-III/1.7 Operate pumping systems and associated control systems A B C (S)

Table A-III/1.8 Operate alternators, generators and control systems A B C (S)

Table A-III/1.9 Maintain marine engineering systems, including control systems A (S)

Table A-III/1.11 Maintain seaworthiness of the ship A B (S)

Table A-III/2.1 Plan and schedule operations A B (S)

Table A-III/2.2 Start up and shut down main propulsion and auxiliary machinery, including associated systems

A B (S)

Table A-III/2.3 Operate, monitor and evaluate engine performance and capacity A B (S)

Table A-III/2.5 Manage fuel and ballast operations A B C (S)

Table A-III/2.6 Use internal communication systems A B C (S)

Table A-III/2.7 Operate electrical and electronic control equipment A B C (S)

Table A-III/2.8 Test, detect faults and maintain and restore electrical and electronic con-trol equipment to operating condition

A (S)

Table A-III/2.10 Detect and identify the cause of machinery malfunctions and correct faults

A (S)

Table A-III/2.12 Control trim, stability and stress A B (S)

Table A-III/2.13 Monitor and control compliance with legislative requirements and meas-ures to ensure safety of life at sea and protection of the marine environ-ment

A B (S)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


C. Simulator requirementsC 100 Detailed requirements101 The machinery operation simulator shall, according to

class, fulfil the requirements given in Table C1, Table C2 andTable C3.


Item Requirement Class A (ENG)

Class B (ENG)

Class C (ENG)

Class S (ENG)

Low Speed Engines

a The simulated engine room shall as a minimum reflect a typical machinery found on merchant ships. The following main components shall be simulated and all neces-sary sub-systems included for a low speed engine:

— main engine including turbocharger system— 2 auxiliary diesel generators— lubrication oil separator— steering gear system— fire pump— shaft generator— cooling water system including freshwater generation system— turbo generator— fuel oil Bunkering system— fuel oil Settling and Service systems— 2 heavy fuel oil separators— 1 diesel oil separator— steam generation plant including exhaust and oil-fired boilers— 2 starting air compressors— diesel oil and heavy fuel oil supply to main and auxiliary engines— main engine operation from engine room, engine control room and bridge— turbocharger system— air ventilation system for engine and control room— bilge water system including oily water treatment systems— stern tube system— ballast system.

X X X

Medium and High Speed Engines

b The simulated engine room shall consist of typical machinery found on merchant ships. The following main components shall be simulated and all necessary sub-sys-tems included for a medium and high speed engine:

— one or more main engines— main SW system— 2 auxiliary engines— fuel oil tanks— fuel oil separator— lubrication oil separator— main engine(s), including

- fresh water system- lubrication system- turbocharger system- ME SW system

— reduction gear system— controllable propeller pitch where applicable— steam generation system as applicable— freshwater generator— bilge wells and bilge separation system— 2 air compressors— steering gear system— fire pump— electrical power plant— ballast system as applicable.

X X X

DET NORSKE VERITAS


Steam Propulsion

c The simulation model should reflect main steam related subsystems of an actual ship:

— HFO supply system — DO supply system— boil-off gas supply system if LNG ship is simulated— 1 ½ boiler system or twin boiler systems each including:

- local and remote control systems- safety systems- burner management system- burner system, incl. minimum 3 burners- air/flue gas system- heating surfaces- water/ steam system

— main turbine, including:- local and remote control systems- safety systems- throttle control - draining and heating system- gland sealing system

— main reduction gear system including:- lubrication system incl. purifier- governor sensor system

— condenser and condensate feed systems- SW circ system- aux SW system- vacuum pumps- condenser condensate level control

— atmospheric drain system- atmospheric drain tank- drain pumps- level control

— feed water pre-heaters (one or more)— de-aerator system— boiler feed water pumps— back pressure steam system and auxiliary.

X X X

Electric Propulsion Motors (Diesel and/or Gas)

d The simulated engine room shall reflect typical machinery found on merchant or passenger ships. The following main components shall, as a minimum be simulated and all necessary sub-systems included for a diesel and/or gas turbine electric pro-pulsion plant:

— propulsion electric motor(s) — 2 or more high voltage generators— 2 or more prime movers (diesel engines or gas-turbines)— cooling water system including freshwater generation system— fuel oil Bunkering system— fuel oil Settling and Service systems— fuel oil separator system— lubrication oil separator system— steam generation plant as applicable— starting air and service air system— main engine operation from engine room, engine control room and bridge— bilge water system including oily water treatment systems.— ballast system as applicable— stern tube system— steering gear system— fire pump.

X X X

e The simulated main engine shall replicate a system, working according to one of the following principles:

— diesel combustion— steam turbine— gas turbine— propulsion electric motor.

X X X



Class B (ENG)

Class C (ENG)

Class S (ENG)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


Hardware and SW functions in Engine control room

f Equipment and consoles shall be installed, mounted, and arranged in a ship-like manner.

X X

g The control room consoles shall include control and monitoring of the main engine, auxiliary engines and electrical power generation, steam boiler, pumps, compres-sors and all other alarms.

X X X

h The remote monitoring and control systems shall be in compliance with the func-tional requirements of the classification societies for periodically unattended machinery spaces (UMS).

X X

i The main engine remote control console shall include command functions and status indication normally found on board ships.

X X X

j The electric power generation shall be under automatic or manual control. Such sys-tem should be able to constantly monitor demand and supply. When deviation from pre-set limits arises, the system should be able to act in order to normalise the situ-ation. The system shall also perform continuous control of the frequency and load sharing.

X X

k The electric power supply system shall be operated either from the main switch-board or the power management system. The following commands shall be available:

— remote start/stop of auxiliary diesel generators— operations for shaft generator— connect/disconnect of all generators— automatic and priority selection— non essential systems trip— constant frequency mode— different control modes of load sharing.

X X X

l The main switchboard shall be a full scale model of a typical switchboard, and com-prise the necessary controls and indicators usually available on real generators.

X X

m The main switchboard (graphics for Class C) shall include:

— two separate auxiliary diesel generators— synchronising section— shaft and turbo generator section— separate emergency generator section— one separate section for miscellaneous consumers.

X X X

n The remote control and automation system must include control of the following equipment:

— ME lubricating oil pumps— ME fresh water cooling pumps— ME sea water cooling pumps— ME auxiliary blowers— fuel oil system and pumps— air compressors— steering gear pumps— fire pump.

Each of the above individual units shall allow manual start and stop from the control room console. It shall also be possible to use automatic start and stop where appli-cable.

X X

o The alarm monitoring system shall consist of a typical shipboard alarm system. X X X

p An alarm shall be announced by sound and by flashing light in the control room. X X

q A printer or a computer in the engine control room shall be used as an alarm log and event log.

X X X

r "Dead mans alarm system" X X

Special Hardware and SW functions in Engine control room for Electric Propulsion motors

s The control room consoles shall include control and monitoring of the propulsion electric motor(s), auxiliary engines and electrical power generation, steam boiler, pumps, compressors and all other alarms applicable for medium and high speed die-sel and electric propulsion.

X X X

t The switchboard shall be a full scale model of a typical switchboard, and comprise, in addition to switchgear to control 440V equipment, remote control to control the high voltage switchboard.

X X



Class B (ENG)

Class C (ENG)

Class S (ENG)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


u The main switchboard (graphics for Class C) shall include:As class A and B but represented graphically.

X X X

v The remote control and automation system shall include control of the following equipment:

— fuel oil system— fresh water cooling system— central cooling sea water system— propulsion electric motor cooling— air compressors— fire main and sprinkler— steering gear— boiler— lubrication oil system— ballast water system

Each of the above individual units shall allow manual start and stop from the control room console. It shall also be possible to use automatic start and stop where appli-cable.

X X

Machinery spaces

w The simulated machinery spaces shall at least include one dedicated room for this purpose.

X X

x At least the following main components of the machinery spaces shall be graphi-cally presented or represented by mock-ups or in 3D visualisation (to illustrate phys-ical presence) in the simulated machinery spaces:

— main engine— auxiliary diesel generators— steam boiler— fire pump.

X X

y The facilities for local operation in the simulated machinery spaces shall consist of local operating stations for each system. Each station shall be furnished with start/stop (open/closed) buttons and status lights, various numbers of pressure -, temper-ature indicators, etc.The local operating stations shall at least give means to operate the following:

— main engine (ME)— ME lubricating oil systems including separator— ME fresh water cooling system— ME sea water cooling system— ME auxiliary blowers— 2 auxiliary diesel generators— steam boiler— fuel oil system (diesel and heavy fuel oil) including separator— 2 air compressors— steering gear system— bilge water system— fire pump— all valves typically associated with the operation of above machinery may be

operated at the computer screen in a 3D visual form.

X

z The facilities for local operation in the simulated machinery spaces shall consist of one or more operating stations. The local operating station(s) shall at least give means to operate the following:

— main engine (ME)— ME lubricating oil systems including separator— ME fresh water cooling system— ME sea water cooling system— ME auxiliary blowers— 2 auxiliary diesel generators— steam boiler— fuel oil system (diesel and heavy fuel oil) including separator— 2 air compressors— steering gear system— bilge water system— fire pump— all valves typically associated with the operation of above machinery may be

operated at the computer screen in a 2D or 3D visual form.

X

aa An alarm shall be announced by sound and by flashing light in the machinery spaces.

X X

bb Internal communication system. X X



Class B (ENG)

Class C (ENG)

Class S (ENG)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


Special Machinery spaces for Electric Propulsion motors

cc The simulated machinery spaces shall facilitate local operation for each system. Each system shall be furnished with start/stop (open/closed) buttons and status lights, various numbers of pressure -, temperature indicators, etc. Local operation shall at least be possible for the following:

— propulsion electric motor(s) — lubricating oil systems including separator— fresh water cooling system— sea water cooling system— diesel and or gas turbines— high voltage switchboard— high voltage generators— steam boiler— fuel oil system (diesel and heavy fuel oil) including separator— air compressors— steering gear system— bilge water system— ballast system— fire pump.

The concept to meet this requirement may vary, as long as the end user will have the impression of moving around to enable operating of the equipment.

X

dd The facilities for local operation in the simulated machinery spaces shall consist of one or more operating stations. The local operating station(s) shall at least give means to operate the following:

— propulsion electric motor(s) — lubricating oil systems including separator— fresh water cooling system— sea water cooling system— diesel and or gas turbines— high voltage switchboard— high voltage generators— steam boiler— fuel oil system (diesel and heavy fuel oil) including separator— air compressors— steering gear system— bilge water system— ballast system— fire pump.

X




Class B (ENG)

Class C (ENG)

Class S (ENG)



Class B (ENG)

Class C (ENG)

Class S (ENG)

a The simulation models shall be able to replicate the dynamic behaviour of the machinery systems and all its vital parameters as well as the interactions between the sub-systems.

X X X

b The simulation models shall simulate the engine room components with their proc-esses, as well as modelled controller systems (sensors, controllers, actuators, and valves) connected to the processes.

X X X

c When simulating real equipment the behaviour of such simulated equipment should behave as identical as possible as the original. Critical parameters of the behaviour shall be documented.

X X

d The simulator shall make applicable controllers available and adjustable with regards to PID (proportional-integral-derivative controller) parameters.

X

e The simulation model shall provide facilities to allow the injection and resetting of malfunctions at appropriate times during operation as necessary.

X X X

f It shall be possible to simulate change in seawater temperature and demonstrate how this affects the complete simulation model.

X X

g It shall be possible to simulate a change in air temperature and demonstrate how this affects the complete simulation model.

X

h It shall be possible to simulate the effect of variation of fuel oil quality and demon-strate how this affects the complete simulation model.

X

DET NORSKE VERITAS


i The simulator shall have all heat exchangers available and adjustable with regards to their parameters (heat-transfer factor, heat dissipation area etc.).

The simulator shall make all pumps available and adjustable with regards to their parameters (pump capacity, wear, etc.).

X

Optional requirements for simulators used for training ship's electrical officers

j It shall be possible to demonstrate systematically the tests that are made on the UMS (Unmanned Machinery Space) alarm system.

X

k It shall be possible to simulate auto slow-down and emergency shut down. X

l It shall be possible to simulate safe methods to test Inert Gas Generator (IG) alarms and controls.

X

m It shall be possible to simulate testing of the 24V D.C. power supply to the naviga-tion, communication and engine room control console in event of power failure.

X

m It shall be possible to simulate safe methods of testing the insulation for rotor and stator.

X

o It shall be possible to simulate of reading a power factor meter with reference to four segments.

X

p It shall be possible to simulate testing of the devices and relays provided for gener-ator protection.

X

q It shall be possible to simulate tests related to AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator). X

r It shall be possible to simulate the pick-up point of generator output and the routing of the control circuit input.

X

s It shall be possible to simulate methods of cooling and checking of air gap. X

t It shall be possible to simulate the precautionary measures when megger testing the rotor of a brushless generator.

X

u It shall be possible to simulate routine tests on an emergency generator. X

v It shall be possible to simulate how a generator circuit breaker OCR (Over Current Relay) is set and tested.

X

w It shall be possible to simulate the process of connecting a shaft generator on load and specific conditions for taking off load.

X

x It shall be possible to simulate the procedure for megger testing a high voltage sys-tem.

X

y It shall be possible to simulate paralleling of generators using synchro-scope and demonstrate the method to parallel, if synchro-scope is faulty.

X

z It shall be possible to simulate the maintenance and checks carried out on an ACB (Air Circuit Breaker).

X

aa It shall be possible to simulate recovery from "dead ship" condition. X

bb It shall be possible to simulate methods to test the "Preferential Tripping Sequence" X

cc It shall be possible to simulate methods to test auto "Cut In" of stand by generator. X

dd It shall be possible to simulate methods of diagnosing single phasing fault. X

ee It shall be possible to simulate operation and maintenance of variable speed motor starters.

X

ff It shall be possible to simulate operational test methods of oily water separator mon-itors.

X

gg It shall be possible to simulate test methods for level alarms and function tests of bilge pumping arrangement.

X

hh It shall be possible to simulate the functional tests of ODMCS (oil discharge moni-toring and control system) and ODME (oil discharge monitoring equipment) sys-tem.

X

ii It shall be possible to simulate the function test of OWS (oily water separator) and PPM (parts per million) unit.

X




Class B (ENG)

Class C (ENG)

Class S (ENG)

DET NORSKE VERITAS




Class B (ENG)

Class C (ENG)

Class S (ENG)

a It shall be possible to adjust the noise level in the simulated machinery spaces infi-nite from no added noise up to minimum 100 dB(A). The noise shall have a fre-quency distribution typical for machinery spaces.

X X

b It shall be possible to simulate the sea water temperature at least infinite between +1°C and +30°C.

X X X


DET NORSKE VERITAS


SECTION 5RADIO COMMUNICATION

A. Simulator Class - Radio CommunicationA 100 General101 Simulators for the function area radio communicationmay be divided into the simulator classes given in Table A1.

B. Simulation ObjectivesB 100 Class A - Radio communication101 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class A in Table B1.102 It shall be possible to perform practical examination ofall competencies identified in Annex 1 of International Tele-

communication Union (ITU) Recommendation T/R 31-03 E(Bonn 1993) "Harmonised Examination Procedures for GOCand ROC".

B 200 Class B - Radio communication201 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class B in Table B1.202 It shall be possible to perform practical examination ofall competencies identified in Annex 1 of International Tele-communication Union (ITU) Recommendation T/R 31-03 E(Bonn 1993) "Harmonised Examination Procedures for GOCand ROC".

B 300 Class C - Radio communication301 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class C in Table B1.302 It shall be possible to perform practical examination ofall competencies identified in Annex 2 of International Tele-communication Union (ITU) Recommendation T/R 31-03 E(Bonn 1993) "Harmonised Examination Procedures for GOCand ROC".

B 400 Class S - Radio communication401 The simulator shall be capable of simulating any systemand/or scenario for radio communication, for any competencerequirement defined. In such a case the relevant radio commu-nication system and/or scenario will be stated or referred to inthe certificate.

B 500 Competencies addressed by radio communication simulator class501 The competencies addressed by radio communicationsimulator classes are given in Table B1.

C. Simulator requirementsC 100 Detailed requirements101 The radio communication simulator shall, according to

class, fulfil the requirements given in Table C1, Table C2 andTable C3.102 The instructor shall have the possibility to record voice/ communication of the learner(s) in an exercise.

Table A1 Simulators for the function area radio communication

Class A (COM) A full mission simulator capable of simulating all radio communication systems in the GMDSS frame-work applicable for a GOC certificate and SAR operations.

Class B (COM) A multi task simulator capable of simulating all radio communication systems in the GMDSS frame-work applicable for a GOC certificate.

Class C (COM) A limited task simulator capable of simulating radio communication systems in the GMDSS frame-work applicable for a ROC certificate.

Class S (COM) A special tasks simulator capable of simulat-ing operation and/or maintenance of particular radio communication systems and/or defined radio communication scenarios.

Table B1 Competencies addressed by radio communication simulator class

STCW-95reference

Competence Class A (COM)

Class B (COM)

Class C (COM)

Class S (COM)

Table A-IV/2.1 Transmit and receive information using GMDSS subsystems and equip-ment and fulfilling the functional requirements of GMDSS

A B C

Table A-IV/2.2 Provide radio services in emergencies A B C


Item Requirement Class A (COM)

Class B (COM)

Class C (COM)

Class S (COM)

a The radio communication station shall simulate a typical station found on merchant ships.

X X X

b Each piece of equipment is to be arranged in a ship-like manner. X X X

c It shall be possible for the learner to move "own ship" in the navigation area. X

The radio communication station shall at least consist of the following main components where all necessary sub-systems are to be included:

d VHF radiotelephone with DSC (digital selective call). X X X

e At least one handheld VHF set. X X X

DET NORSKE VERITAS


f Satellite EPIRB (emergency position-indicating radio beacon). X X X

g NAVTEX receiver. X X X

h SART (search and rescue transponder). X

i Radar for receiving SART signals. X

j MF/HF radiotelephone with DSC (digital selective call) and NBDP (narrow band direct printing) (telex).

X X X

k Inmarsat A, B, or F ship earth station (Telephone, telex, including a distress priority telephone and telex service to/from RCC).

X X

l Inmarsat C ship earth station(Store-and-forward data and telex messaging, with EGC (enhanced group call), reception of MSI (maritime safety information), the capability for sending prefor-matted distress messages to a RCC and the SafetyNET service).

X X




Class B (COM)

Class C (COM)

Class S (COM)

a When simulating real equipment the behaviour of such simulated equipment should behave as identical as possible as the original. Critical functionality shall be docu-mented.

X X X

b The simulated equipment should resemble especially important radio-technical var-iables, such as but not limited to:

— distance limitations— VHF line of sight communication— VHF/MF/HF wattage limitation— MF ground wave propagation— HF sky wave propagation and HF skip zone.

X X

c The simulated equipment should resemble especially important radio-technical var-iables, such as but not limited to:

— distance limitations— VHF line of sight communication— VHF wattage limitation.

X

d It shall be possible to use different communication systems at the same time. XClass S requirements will be dependant upon the type of simulated equipment and/or scenario, and the defined competence requirements.



Class B (COM)

Class C (COM)

Class S (COM)

a The communication station shall be able to receive and transmit messages to the "real world" as virtualised by the simulator (instructor or other learner).

X X X

b The instructor shall be able to position the learner in "real" position all around the world.

X

c The instructor shall be able to introduce variable background noise, relevant to the location and time of day, for each frequency used.

X X X




Class B (COM)

Class C (COM)

Class S (COM)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


SECTION 6LIQUID CARGO HANDLING

A. Simulator Class - Liquid Cargo Handling

A 100 General101 Simulators for the function area of liquid cargo handlingmay be divided into the simulator classes given in Table A1.

B. Simulation Objectives

B 100 Class A - Liquid Cargo handling101 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class A in Table B1. The simula-tor shall be defined for one or several types of cargo (oil, chem-ical and/or liquefied gas), which may exclude some of thecompetencies.

B 200 Class B - Liquid Cargo handling201 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class B in Table B1. The simula-tor shall be defined for one or several types of cargo (oil, chem-ical and/or liquefied gas), which may exclude some of thecompetencies.

B 300 Class C - Liquid Cargo handling301 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class C in Table B1. The simula-tor shall be defined for one or several types of cargo (oil, chem-ical and/or liquefied gas), which may exclude some of thecompetencies.

B 400 Class S - Liquid Cargo handling401 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for selected STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class S in Table B1.402 Overriding the requirement in 401, the simulator may becapable of simulating any cargo handling equipment and/orcargo handling scenario, for any competence requirementdefined. In such a case the relevant equipment and/or scenariowill be stated or referred to in the certificate.

B 500 Class notations - Liquid Cargo handling501 In addition to the main class A, B, C or S a class notationin accordance with DNV Rules for Classification of Ships canbe obtained for describing special features and capabilities ofthe simulator.

B 600 Competencies addressed by Liquid Cargo han-dling simulator class601 The competencies addressed by cargo handling simula-tor classes are given in Table B1.

Table A1 Simulators for the function area liquid cargo handling

Class A (CGO) A full mission simulator capable of simulating a complete liquid cargo handling system including all auxiliary systems and an online stability and stress calculation system.

Class B (CGO) A multi task simulator capable of simulating a complete liquid cargo handling system includ-ing auxiliary systems.

Class C (CGO) A limited task simulator capable of simulating the processes in a liquid cargo handling sys-tem.

Class S (CGO) A special tasks simulator capable of simulat-ing operation and/or maintenance of particular cargo handling equipment, and/or defined cargo handling scenarios.

Table B1 Competencies addressed by liquid cargo handling simulator class

STCW-95 reference

Competence Class A (CGO)

Class B (CGO)

Class C (CGO)

Class (S) (CGO)

Table A-II/1.9Table A-II/3.6

Monitor the loading, stowage, securing and unloading of cargoes and their care during the voyage

A B C (S)

Table A-II/1.11Table A-II/3.8Table A-III/1.11

Maintain seaworthiness of the ship A B C (S)

Table A-II/2.11 Plan and ensure safe loading, stowage, securing, care during the voyage and unloading of cargoes

A B (S)

Table A-II/2.12 Carriage of dangerous cargoes A B C (S)

Table A-II/2.13Table A-III/2.12

Control trim, stability and stress A B (S)


Monitor and control compliance with legislative requirements and measures to ensure safety of life at sea and protection of the marine environment

A B C (S)

Section A-V/1.12 Ship operations (oil tanker) A B C (S)

Section A-V/1.14 Emergency operations (oil tanker) A B (S)

Section A-V/1.19 Ship operations (chemical tanker) A B C (S)

Section A-V/1.21 Emergency operations (chemical tanker) A B (S)

Section A-V/1.31 Ship operating procedures (liquefied gas tanker) A B C (S)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


C. Simulator requirementsC 100 Detailed requirements101 The liquid cargo handling simulator shall, according to


Section A-V/1.33 Emergency operations (liquefied gas tanker) A B (S)

Table B1 Competencies addressed by liquid cargo handling simulator class (Continued)

STCW-95 reference

Competence Class A (CGO)

Class B (CGO)

Class C (CGO)

Class (S) (CGO)


Item Requirement Class A (CGO)

Class B (CGO)

Class C (CGO)

Class S (CGO)

a The liquid cargo handling simulator shall simulate a typical cargo handling system found on merchant ships.

X X X

b Each piece of equipment shall be arranged in a ship-like manner by integrating the required components into hardware consoles, soft displays or a combination ena-bling local operations as applicable to the simulated ship type including CCTV (closed-circuit television) video observation.

X X

c Each piece of equipment shall be arranged in a ship-like configuration enabling full operation of the required components from a single work station.

X

oil tanker

d The simulator shall include the following components and sub-systems for ship and emergency operations (oil tanker) appropriate to the design of the type of ves-sel:

— cargo control system— ballast control system— inert/venting control system— COW (Crude Oil Washing) and water system including pressure monitoring

washing control system— alarm system— oil discharge monitoring system— gas detection system— heating control system— pump control system — portable gas detection system with calibration facility— auto unloading system including separator tanks, vacuum pumps, auto/manual

control of pump discharge valve— line drain system including stripping pump and MARPOL (International Con-

vention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978) line

— cargo pump control transfer system — pump room fan and manual gas check facility — terminal connection and cargo chosen capabilities— deck CCTV video observation (Class A only).

X X

e The simulator shall include the following components and sub-systems for ship and emergency operations (chemical tanker): appropriate to the design of the type of vessel:

— cargo control system— ballast control system— inert/nitrogen and venting control system— washing control system for fresh and seawater— heating control system with steam/thermal oil or hot water as appropriate— tank drying control system— pump control system — hydraulic power pack system or electric motor control panes where appropri-

ate— oil discharge monitoring system— gas detection system— alarm system— emergency shut down system— manifold system including crossover lines, ‘U’ pieces and ‘flexible’ hoses

connection facility— terminal connection and cargo chosen capabilities— deck CCTV video observation (Class A only).

X X

DET NORSKE VERITAS


liquefied petroleum gas tanker

f The simulator shall include the following components and sub-systems for ship and emergency operations (liquefied petroleum gas tanker) appropriate to the design of the type of vessel:

— cargo control system and in tank process indication— ballast control system— inert/nitrogen and venting control system— contaminate system (void space)— pump control system panels (system)— cargo compressor system— compressor cooling system— Instrumentation and control system including capacity control— lubrication oil system— heat exchanger system (reliquefaction)— cargo heating system— seawater cooling system— freshwater cooling system— gas detection system— reliquefaction system— cargo heater and booster system— tank water spray system— cargo control room system with mimic pipeline system and remote operation

and indication of valves and other parameters— temperature and pressure recorders— manifold system— high level & overfill control system— hold inerting/aerating system— portable gas detection system with calibration facility— alarm system— emergency shut down system— terminal connection and cargo chosen capabilities— deck CCTV video observation (Class A only)

X X

liquefied natural gas tanker

g The simulator shall include the following components and sub-systems for ship and emergency operations (liquefied natural gas tanker) appropriate to the design of the type of vessel:

— cargo control system and in tank process indication— ballast control system— inert/nitrogen and venting control system— pump control system — high duty cargo compressor system— low duty cargo compressor system— cargo tank containment systems (anural and void space for spherical and pri-

mary/secondary barrier for membrane— insulation space control system— cofferdam control system (for membrane type only)— boil off and vapour gas management system— gas detection system— forcing vaporiser— LNG vaporiser— low duty heater— high duty heater— manifold system— high level & overfill control system— facility to control & monitor pressure differential tank-hold and hold-Insula-

tion— alarm system— emergency shut down system— terminal connection and cargo chosen capabilities— deck CCTV video observation (Class A only).

X X

h The simulator shall include a system for communicating with the “outside world”. X X

i The simulator shall include an online stability and stress calculator including func-tionality for damage stability.

X

j The simulator shall include a stability and stress calculator for planning offline. X X X

k The simulator shall include a Communications system that will allow for internal ship and ship to shore communications to be conducted.

X X



Class B (CGO)

Class C (CGO)

Class S (CGO)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


l The simulator shall include shore terminal facilities relevant to the simulated ship (gas, oil or chemical) with the components appropriate to the cargo type:

— shore tanks with safety devices— liquid lines with surge drums— vapour lines and shore based compressors— nitrogen/IG purge lines— shore cargo pumps— ballast water treatment facilities— arm chicken with limit envelop, with tanker connection capabilities— jetty CCTV video observation (Class A only).

X X




Class B (CGO)

Class C (CGO)

Class S (CGO)



Class B (CGO)

Class C (CGO)

Class S (CGO)

a The simulator should provide the operator should all information and controls as per a real vessel, including interlocks and alarms. All controls shall have the same functionality and be operated in a similar way to a real vessel.

X

b The simulator should allow an operator to undertake any task related to liquid cargo operations and should not be limited in time or actions required.

X

c The simulator should provide the operator with all information and controls as per a real vessel, including interlocks and alarms. Simplified controls may be used to provide the appropriate output.

X

d The simulator should allow an operator to undertake tasks related to liquid cargo operations.

X

e The simulator should provide the operator with information and controls appropri-ate to the task being simulated, including interlocks and alarms when appropriate.

X

f The simulator should allow an operator to undertake specific tasks related to liquid cargo operations.

X

g The simulation models shall be able to replicate the dynamic behaviour of the cargo handling system and its parameters.

X X X

h The simulation models shall simulate the components, their processes and control systems.

X X X

i The fidelity of the simulation models shall be documented. X X X

j The simulation model shall provide facilities to allow the injection and resetting of malfunctions at appropriate times during operation as necessary.

X X X

k The stability and stress calculator shall calculate and graphically present shear forces, bending moment and stability curves correctly to the hydrodynamic data of the simulated vessel.

X X X

l The ballasting shall be possible both by gravity and by means of ballast pumps. X X X

m The composition of tank atmosphere shall have real thermodynamic reaction treat-ment and realistically calculate the correct amounts of oxygen, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxides as a function of the simulated operation (inert/vent/wash/load/gas-up).

X X X

n The composition of cargo piping atmosphere shall have real thermodynamic reac-tion treatment and realistically calculate the correct amounts of oxygen, hydrocar-bons and carbon dioxides as a functions of the simulated operation (inert/vent/wash/load/gas-up).

X X X

o The effect of the tank cleaning method used (COW, water washing, heating/purg-ing/venting) shall be illustrated by any method.

X

p When cargo pumps are operating in parallel, the effect of RPM (Revolutions per minute)/Flow mismatch should reflect in rise in casing temperatures of appropriate pumps.

X X

q Effect of rapid breaking of vacuum on suction side of centrifugal pumps (e.g. Bal-last Pump) should be evident.

X

r Bearing, casing and shaft temperatures for COPs (cargo pumps) and ballast pumps, as appropriate, should be evident and vary with load and ambient conditions.

X X

DET NORSKE VERITAS


s Vapour recovery system should be available with facility to return vapour to shore and with indications of HC and O2 content in the return line measured at the man-ifold (as applicable to the ship model).

X X

t Facility to inert / aerate cargo tanks with displacement or dilution methods with clearly measurable difference in vapour profile should be available.

X X

u For Chemical tanker:Facility to check the integrity (continuity) of tank washing hose before use should be available.

X

v For Chemical tanker:Facility to add Tank cleaning agents to washing system should be available.

X

w For Liquefied Petroleum Gas tanker:Automatically and Manually operated Emergency Shut Down system should be available including facility to trigger the fusible plugs.

X X

x For Liquefied Petroleum Gas tanker:Alternative ways of measuring soundings in the event of failure like 'Sight Glass' system should be available for use during topping up of cargo tanks.

X

y For Liquefied Petroleum Gas tanker:System for injection of Methanol into cargo tanks for de-freezing purpose should be available.

X

z For Liquefied Natural Gas tanker:It should be possible to provide a variable demand on the Boiler such that the sys-tem will react with appropriate boil off control. Such control should be possible in both Automatic and Manual modes.

X X




Class B (CGO)

Class C (CGO)

Class S (CGO)



Class B (CGO)

Class C (CGO)

Class S (CGO)

a It shall be possible to simulate restrictions and failures in the cargo transfer intro-duced by the simulated shore terminal.

X X

b It shall be possible to simulate lightering operations by any method. X

c It shall be possible to draw gas samples with simulated portable gas sampling instruments in cargo tanks, deck lines, manifolds, pump and/or compressor room as applicable to the simulated ship.

X

d It shall be possible program the tank cleaning machines in order to realistically sim-ulate different washing patterns. In order to make a Mathematical calculation for the residues of different wash.

X


DET NORSKE VERITAS


SECTION 7DRY CARGO AND BALLAST HANDLING

A. Simulator Class – Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling

A 100 General101 Simulators for the function area of dry cargo and ballasthandling may be divided into the simulator classes given inTable A1.

B. Simulation ObjectivesB 100 Class A - Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling101 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class A in Table B1. The simula-tor shall be defined for one or several types of cargo (bulk, con-tainer, general, special, ballast only), which may exclude someof the competencies.

B 200 Class B - Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling201 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class B in Table B1. The simula-tor shall be defined for one or several types of cargo (, con-tainer, general, special, ballast only), which may exclude someof the competencies.

B 300 Class C - Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling301 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class C in Table B1. The simula-tor shall be defined for one or several types of cargo (, con-tainer, general, special, ballast only), which may exclude someof the competencies.

B 400 Class S - Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling401 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for selected STCW-95 competence requirementsreferred to in the column for Class S in Table B1.402 Overriding the requirement in 401, the simulator may becapable of simulating any cargo handling equipment and/orcargo handling scenario, for any competence requirementdefined. In such a case the relevant equipment and/or scenariowill be stated or referred to in the certificate.

B 500 Class notations – Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling501 In addition to the main class A, B, C or S a class notationin accordance with DNV Rules for Classification of Ships canbe obtained for describing special features and capabilities ofthe simulator.

B 600 Competencies addressed by Dry Cargo and Bal-last Handling simulator class601 The competencies addressed by Dry Cargo and BallastHandling simulator classes are given in Table B1.

Table A1 Simulators for the function area Dry Cargo and Ballast handlingClass A (DCB) A full mission simulator capable of simulating a

complete Dry Cargo and Ballast handling sys-tem including all auxiliary systems and an online stability and stress calculation system.

Class B (DCB) A multi task simulator capable of simulating a complete Dry Cargo and Ballast handling sys-tem including auxiliary systems.

Class C (DCB) A limited task simulator capable of simulating the processes in a Dry Cargo and Ballast han-dling system.

Class S (DCB) A special tasks simulator capable of simulating operation and/or maintenance of particular Dry Cargo and Ballast handling equipment, and/or defined Dry Cargo and Ballast handling scenar-ios.

Table B1 Competencies addressed by Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling simulator class

STCW-95 reference

Competence Class A (DCB)

Class B (DCB)

Class C (DCB)

Class S (DCB)

Table A-II/1.9Table A-II/3.6

Monitor the loading, stowage, securing and unloading of cargoes and their care during the voyage.

A B C (S)

Table A-II/1.11Table A-II/3.8Table A-III/1.11

Maintain seaworthiness of the ship. A B C (S)

Table A-II/2.11 Plan and ensure safe loading, stowage, securing, care during the voy-age and unloading of cargoes.

A B (S)

Table A-II/2.12 Carriage of dangerous cargoes. A B C (S)


Control trim, stability and stress. A B (S)


Monitor and control compliance with legislative requirements and measures to ensure safety of life at sea and protection of the marine environment.

A B C (S)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


C. Simulator requirementsC 100 Detailed requirements101 The Dry Cargo and Ballast Handling simulator shall,

according to class, fulfil the requirements given in Table C1,Table C2 and Table C3.


Item Requirement Class A (DCB)

Class B (DCB)

Class C (DCB)

Class S (DCB)

a The Dry Cargo and Ballast handling simulator shall simulate a typical Dry Cargo and Ballast handling system found on merchant ships.

X X X

b Each piece of equipment shall be arranged in a ship-like manner by integrating the required components into hardware consoles, soft displays or a combination enabling local operations as applicable to the simulated ship type including CCTV video observation in ship like manner.

X

c Each piece of equipment shall be arranged in a ship-like configuration enabling full operation of the required components from a single work station.

X X

d The simulator shall include the following components and sub-systems depend-ing on the type of vessel and cargo (bulk, container, general, special, ballast only):

— cargo control system— ballast control system— alarm system.

X X

e The simulator shall include a Communications system that will allow for internal ship and ship to shore communications to be conducted.

X X

f The simulator shall include a system for communicating with the “outside world”.

X X

g The simulator shall include an online stability and stress calculator including functionality for damage stability.

X X

h The simulator shall include a stability and stress calculator for planning offline. X X X




Class B (DCB)

Class C (DCB)

Class S (DCB)

a The simulation models shall be able to replicate the dynamic behaviour of the Dry Cargo and Ballast handling system and its parameters.

X X X

b The simulation models shall simulate the components, their processes and con-trol systems.

X X X

c The fidelity of the simulation models shall be documented. X X X

d It shall be possible to introduce failures, breakdowns and wear to all equipment simulated.

X X X

e The stability and stress calculator shall calculate and graphically present shear forces, bending moment and stability curves correctly to the hydrodynamic data of the simulated vessel.

X X X

f The ballasting shall be possible both by gravity and by means of ballast pumps. X X X

g The simulation model shall provide facilities to allow the injection and resetting of malfunctions at appropriate times during operation as necessary.

X X X




Class B (DCB)

Class C (DCB)

Class S (DCB)

a It shall be possible to simulate restrictions and failures in the cargo transfer sys-tem introduced by the shore side cargo transfer system.

X X


DET NORSKE VERITAS


SECTION 8DYNAMIC POSITIONING

A. Simulator Class - Dynamic PositioningA 100 General101 Simulators for the function area dynamic positioning aredivided into the simulator classes given in Table A1.

B. Simulation ObjectivesB 100 Class A – Dynamic Positioning101 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the IMCA M117 competence require-ments referred to in the column for Class A in Table B1.

B 200 Class B - Dynamic Positioning201 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the IMCA M117 competence require-ments referred to in the column for Class B in Table B1.

B 300 Class C - Dynamic Positioning301 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the IMCA M117 competence require-

ments referred to in the column for Class C in Table B1.

B 400 Class S - Dynamic Positioning401 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for selected IMCA M117 competence require-ment referred to in the column for Class S in Table B1.402 Overriding the requirement in 401, the simulator may becapable of simulating any equipment and/or scenario, for DPoperation, for any competence requirement defined. In such acase the relevant equipment and/or scenario, and competencerequirements will be stated or referred to in the certificate.

Guidance note:The IMCA M117 describes four different phases in the certifica-tion process. Below an example of what type of simulator isrequired for training in the different phases:

a) class A- mainly for sea time reduction training in phase 4 of the

certification process. - also for phase 3, Advanced/simulator course- also for DP refresher training, as described in IMCA

M117, page 21, point 9.1 and 9.2 i) and x)b) class B

- mainly for phase 3, DP Advanced/simulator course- also for DP refresher training, as described in IMCA

M117, page 21, point 9.1 and 9.2 i) and x)c) class C

- mainly for phase 1, DP basic/ induction coursed) class S

- specialised training like Anchor handling operations.- maintenance training.


B 500 Competencies addressed by dynamic positioning simulator class501 The competencies addressed by dynamic positioningsimulator classes are given in Table B1.

Table A1 Simulators classes for the function area Dynamic PositioningClass A (DP)

A full mission simulator capable of simulating Dynamic Positioning (DP) operations in a realistic and fully equipped ship's bridge environment, including the capa-bility for visual presentation near offshore installations.

Class B (DP)

A multi task simulator capable of simulating DP opera-tions in a realistic and fully DP equipped ship's bridge environment, excluding the capability for visual presen-tation.

Class C (DP)

A limited task simulator for instrumentation or blind DP-manoeuvring and position keeping. The simulator should at least consist of a DP control panel and a mon-itor.

Class S (DP)

A special tasks simulator capable of simulating opera-tion and/or maintenance of particular DP instruments, and/or defined DP operations.

Table B1 Competencies addressed by dynamic positioning simulator classIMCA M117reference Competence Class A

(DP)Class B

(DP)Class C

(DP)Class S (DP)

Section 6.1.1 DP incident investigation. A B (S)Section 6.1.2 Comprehensive understanding of the DP computer/control

system(s), including changing between systems and the var-ious modes of operation.

A B (S)

Section 6.1.3 Training on any other system that they will be responsible for, such as, but not limited to, vessel management systems, PMS (power management system), fire, gas and ESD (emer-gency shutdown and disconnection procedure).

A (S)

Section 6.1.4 Detailed knowledge of emergency procedures and actions due to failure of:

— generator/power— thrusters— sensors— input systems— computer— commands— feedback— any other systems/equipment relevant to dynamic posi-

tioning.

A B (S)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


C. Simulator requirementsC 100 Detailed requirements101 The dynamic positioning simulator shall, according toclass, fulfil the requirements given in Table C1, Table C2,

Table C3, Table C4, Table C5 and Table C6.102 Class S requirements will be dependant upon the type ofsimulated equipment and/or scenario, and the defined compe-tence requirements.

Section 6.1.5 Detailed knowledge of emergency procedures and actions that have impact on the DP operation as defined in the emer-gency/contingency procedure manual.

A B (S)

Section 6.1.6 Assessor level in the setup and use of all position reference systems.

A B (S)

Section 6.1.7 Assessor level in the understanding, setup, functionality, failure modes and use of any equipment and system associ-ated with DP operations on the vessel.

A B (S)

Section 6.1.8 The ability to plan, execute and lead DP drills including blackout recovery.

A B (S)

Section 6.3.2.1/6.4.2.1

Controlling the vessel using manual and joystick controls. A B (S)

Section 6.3.2.2/6.4.2.2

Changing operational modes between auto DP to joystick to manual controls to autopilot and vice versa.

A B (S)

Section 6.3.2.3 Principles and planning of DP operations in depth. A B (S)Section 6.3.2.4 DP information input systems. A B (S)Section 6.3.2.5 Detailed knowledge of DP computer/control system(s),

including changing between systems and the various modes of operation.

A B (S)

Section 6.3.2.6 Thrusters units and associated systems. A B (S)Section 6.3.2.7 Power supplies. A B (S)Section 6.3.2.8 Equipment redundancy, availability and maintenance

requirements.A B (S)

Section 6.3.2.9 Operational capabilities and footprints. A B (S)Section 6.3.2.10 Comprehensive knowledge of the vessel’s communications

systems.A B (S)

Section 6.3.2.11 Knowledge of emergency procedures and actions due to fail-ure of:

— generator/power— thrusters— sensors— computers— commands— feedback— any other systems/equipment relevant to the DP.

B (S)

Section 6.3.2.12 Knowledge of the vessel’s FMEA (failure modes and effects analysis) and understanding of the implications of all identi-fied failure modes.

A B (S)

Section 6.4.2.4 Basic knowledge of the practical operation of DP control system, including changing between systems and the various modes of operation.

A B C (S)

Section 6.4.2.5 Knowledge and use of reference systems and other periph-eral equipment.

A B C (S)

Section 6.4.2.6 Systems redundancy, alarms and warnings. A B C (S)Section 6.4.2.7 Knowledge of vessel systems and their limitations. A B C (S)Section 6.4.2.8 Knowledge of DP alarm sequences and communications

with reference to operational condition.A B C (S)

Section 6.4.2.9 Knowledge of the vessel’s operations manuals and commu-nication system.

A B C (S)

Section 6.4.2.10 Knowledge of the vessel’s FMEA and its implications. B (S)

Table B1 Competencies addressed by dynamic positioning simulator class (Continued)IMCA M117reference Competence Class A

(DP)Class B

(DP)Class C

(DP)Class S (DP)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


Table C1 Physical realismItem no.

Requirement Class A (DP)

Class B (DP)

Class C (DP)

Class S (DP)

a The DP-simulator shall have its DP-control centre designated for DP opera-tions, where necessary information sources, such as indicators, displays, alarm panels, control panels and internal communication systems are installed.

X X

The following equipment shall at least be included in the simulator:b All equipment listed in section 3, C100, Table C1 for bridge operation, except

those listed as additional requirements.X

c A Power view presenting status and load on, power buses, generators and bus ties.

X X

d Single levers for each thruster at main DP-control centre. Xe Manual control; independent joystick system back-up with automatic heading

control (The heading input may be taken from any of the required gyro com-passes).

X X

f Emergency stop control for all thrusters. X Xg At least 3 independent position reference systems, based on different princi-

ples.X X X

h 3 independent vertical reference system (VRS). X X Xi 3 gyro compass. X X X j 2 wind sensors. X X Xk At least 1 draught sensor. X X Xl A “Navscreen” with at least one electronic field-chart over a realistic oilfield. X Xm Communication equipment including at least one VHF, UHF (ultra high fre-

quency) a talk-back system to areas such as ROV control and a telephone to areas such as ECR (engine control room) and other areas of the vessel.

X X

n A DP alert switch (“traffic light”) with red/ amber/ green/ white for e.g. alert-ing dive control or drill floor etc.

X X

o Alarm Printer. X XClass S requirements will be dependant upon the type of simulated equipment and/or scenario, and the defined competence requirements.

Table C2 Behavioural realismItem no.


Class B (DP)

Class C (DP)

Class S (DP)

p The DP equipment itself shall have a fully redundant DP system functionality in accordance DNV Rules for classification of ships Pt.6 Ch.7 Dynamic posi-tioning systems or equal.

X X

q The DP equipment shall have real DP system functionality in accordance DNV Rules for classification of ships Pt.6 Ch.7 Dynamic positioning systems or equal.

X

r The thruster control mode, i.e. manual, independent joystick and DP, shall be selectable by a simple device located in the DP- control centre. The control mode selector may consist of a single selector switch or individual selectors for each thruster.

X X

s Position reference systems should preferably be based on real equipment for the operator interface. Emulated systems may be accepted if similar interface and indications are present. (For Class C no operator interface for position ref-erence systems).

X X

t Monitoring of positioning reference systems shall include realistic alarms for any typical failure condition.

X X

u A GPS interface should simulate at least one differential correction signal, DGPS (differential global positioning system).

X X

v Positioning reference systems shall provide new position data with a refresh rate and accuracy suitable for the intended DP-operations.

X X X

w Monitoring of sensors shall include realistic alarms for any typical failure con-dition.

X X

x The dynamic positioning control systems shall perform an analysis of the abil-ity to maintain position after worst case failures. An alarm shall be initiated, with a maximum delay of 5 minutes, when a failure will cause loss of position in the prevailing weather conditions.

X X X

y The consequence analysis shall be repeated automatically at pre-set intervals. The learner shall be able to monitor that the analysis is in progress.

X X X

z The simulation of own ship shall be based on a mathematical model with 6 degrees of freedom.

X X X

aa The model shall realistically simulate own ship hydrodynamics in open water conditions, including the effects of wind forces, wave forces, tidal stream and currents.

X X X

DET NORSKE VERITAS


bb The model shall realistically simulate own ship hydrodynamics in restricted waterways, including shallow water and bank effects, interaction with other ships and sheer current.

X

cc The simulator shall include mathematical models of at least 3 types of own ship. A multipurpose mono-hull, a multipurpose semi-submersible and a shut-tle tanker for offshore loading. These basic types may then be extended to allow realistic simulation of operations such as ROV survey, cable repair, pipe lay and trenching, rock dumping, dive support, crane barge operations, drill-ing, offshore loading (tanker) operations and many more.

X X X

dd The radar simulation equipment shall be capable of model weather, tidal streams, current, shadow sectors, spurious echoes and other propagation effects, and generate coastlines, navigational buoys and search and rescue transponders (see STCW-95 Section A-1/12.4.2).

X

ee The ARPA simulation equipment shall incorporate the facilities for:

— manual and automatic target acquisition— past track information— use of exclusion areas— vector/graphic time-scale and data display— trial manoeuvres.

(see STCW-95 Section A-1/12.5)

X

ff The electronic field chart on the navigation screen should include platforms and sub sea equipment and present a real time update of vessel position with an outline of the vessel to scale.

X X

gg The simulator shall provide an own ship engine sound, reflecting the power output.

X


Table C3 Operating environmentItem no.


Class B (DP)

Class C (DP)

Class S (DP)

Target shipsa The simulator shall be able to present at least 10 different types of target ships,

each equipped with a mathematical model, which accounts for motion, drift and steering angles according to forces induced by current, wind or wave. The instructor shall be able to programme voyage routes for each target ship indi-vidually. The target ships should have the possibility to be simulated as DP vessels with capability of changing heading while keeping position.

X

b The simulator should include at least 5 different platforms of different types. The level of perception/ details should be high to allow for realistic operations at close range. The platforms should be illuminated at night.

X

c The simulator should be able to present at least 3 different loading facilities for offshore loading, where an FPSO (floating production, storage and off loading vessel) in tandem loading should be one of them.

X

d The target ships shall be equipped with navigational-lights, shapes and sound signals, according to "rules of the road". The signals shall be individually con-trolled by the instructor, and the sound signals shall be directional and fade with range. Each ship shall have an aspect recognisable at a distance of 6 nau-tical miles in clear weather. A ship under way shall provide relevant bow- and stern wave.

X

e The simulator shall be able to present at least 100 target ships (see STCW-95 Section A-1/12.4.3) at the same time, where the instructor shall be able to pro-gramme voyage routes for each target ship individually. The target ships should have the possibility to be simulated as DP vessels with capability of changing heading while keeping position.

X

Outside viewf The simulator shall provide a realistic visual scenario by day, dusk or by night,

including variable meteorological visibility, changing in time. It shall be pos-sible to create a range of visual conditions, from dense fog to clear.

X

g The visual system and/or a motion platform shall replicate movements of own ship according to 6 degrees of freedom.

X

h The visual system and/or a motion platform shall replicate movements of own ship according to at least 3 degrees of freedom.

i The view shall be updated with a frequency of at least 30 Hz and have an angu-lar resolution of 2.5 arc-minutes.

X

j The projection of the view shall be placed at such a distance and in such a man-ner from the bridge windows that accurate visual bearings may be taken to objects in the scene. It shall be possible to use binocular systems for observa-tions.

X

Table C2 Behavioural realism (Continued)Item no.


Class B (DP)

Class C (DP)

Class S (DP)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


k The visual system shall present the outside world by a view around the horizon (360 degrees). The horizontal field of view may be obtained by a view of at least 240 degrees and where the rest of the horizon may be panned (to move the "camera").

X

l The visual system shall present at least 25 degrees of vertical field view. In addition by any method, it shall be possible to observe the ship's side and the dock during mooring operations and offshore installation when operations in close proximity.

X

m The visual system shall present all navigational marks according to charts used.

X

n The visual system shall show objects with sufficient realism (detailed enough to be recognised as in real life). This applies especially for operations close to platforms and other structures.

X

Outside soundo The simulator shall be capable of providing environmental sound (e.g. wind)

according to conditions simulated.X

Navigated watersp The navigated waters shall include a current pattern, changeable in time,

according to the charts used. Tidal waters shall be reflected.X X

q The simulation shall include the depth according to charts used, reflecting water level according to tidal water situation.

X X

r The simulator shall provide waves, variable in direction and strength. X Xs The Class C (DP) simulator shall be able to set wind and current (speed and

direction), with limited/ no variation.X


Table C4 Simulator control equipmentItem no.


Class B (DP)

Class C (DP)

Class S (DP)

a The instructor shall be able to record all key parameters of the full exercise for debriefing and analysis purposes.

X X

The following equipment shall at least be included in the simulator control:b Simulator control computer(s). X Xc A DP operator station on the network (to check DP settings used by the stu-

dents).X X

d Slave monitors for the two DP operator stations in the bridge (to observe the students use of the operator stations).

X X

e Slave monitor to the navigation screen in the bridge. X Xf Monitoring panel for thruster emergency-stop if not integrated automatically

in the simulator.X X

g Monitoring panel for DP alert switch (traffic light). X Xh Communication equipment as on the bridge. X Xi Video and sound monitoring equipment (to hear and see student’s reactions/

discussions).X X

j A horizontal field of view of at least 120 degrees, preferably with a mean to pan 360 degrees.

X X


Table C5 Failure modesItem no.


Class B (DP)

Class C (DP)

Class S (DP)

a The instructor shall be able to introduce faults for the DP system. Faults and their characteristics shall be able to be defined in advance or introduced/ changed while the simulation is running. Fault characteristics shall be appro-priate for the system being modelled.

X X

For all simulated signals (thrusters, generators, sensors, PRS etc.) the following failure modesshall at least be included in the simulator control:

b Random noise, e.g. for PRS (position-reference system); jumps in meters in two axis (latitude and longitude).

X X

c Drift with drift speed and limit, e.g. for PRS; drift in two axis (latitude and lon-gitude).

X X

d Bias, e.g. for PRS; bias in two axis (latitude/ longitude). X Xe Oscillation, with value and period. X Xf Freeze signal to existing value. X Xg Delay of a signal, setting in seconds. X X

Table C3 Operating environment (Continued)Item no.


Class B (DP)

Class C (DP)

Class S (DP)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


h Dead-band. X Xi Stop of communication. X Xj Fixed value, (feedback and set point) e.g. thruster runaway with setting in per-

cent. X X

k A mean to simulate UPS (uninterruptible power supply) failure, resulting in loss of one DP controller, one DP operator station, one gyro one VRS and one position reference system.

X X


Table C6 Other simulator control functionsItem no.


Class B (DP)

Class C (DP)

Class S (DP)

Power management:a Possibility to start and stop individual generators. X Xb Possibility to open/ close bus switches. X Xc Define unspecified external load (e.g. drilling load) on individual power buses. X Xd Set failure modes as described in Table C5. X X

External forces:e The simulator shall be able to simulate at least 4 external forces, specified with

minimum: force, direction in degrees, setting for constant direction true or rel-ative, Point of attack (Surge and Sway).

X X

f For the shuttle tanker one of the external forces shall be integrated to a hawser tension sensor.

X X

General:g The simulator shall have a setting for vessel draught that is interfaced with

draught sensor. Changing the vessel draught should influence the vessel model.

X X

h Environmental forces shall be possible to put in both as an immediate change, and with a change time. In addition it shall be possible to back (counter-clock-wise) or to veer (clockwise) the environmental forces.

X X

i The simulator control shall be able to work either in geographic (latitude/ lon-gitude) or in UTM (universal transverse mercator) coordinates.

X X

Position reference systems:j Transponder coordinates for any position reference system, (fan-beam reflec-

tor, hydro acoustic transponder, radius transponder etc.), should be possible to enter either as an absolute coordinate or relative to the vessel.

X X

k For DGPS it shall be possible to switch off differential corrections. X Xl For DGPS it should be possible to set number of satellites available. X X

m For a shuttle tanker in tandem loading at least two absolute and two relative position-reference systems should be simulated. The relative system should be based on different principles.

X X

n Hydro acoustic systems shall be possible to use both in LBL (long baseline) and SSBL (super short baseline) mode.

X X

o A hydro acoustic transponder shall be possible to flag as mobile or fixed. X Xp The simulator control shall have a function to simulate an ROV or similar, by

moving mobile hydro acoustic transponder(s). The simulator shall be capable of simulating at least 3 mobile transponders at any given time.

X X

q Measurements to hydro acoustic transponders shall be realistic according to water depth, such that faults on a VRS will have larger impact in deeper waters.

X X

r The hydro acoustic system shall have a setting for changing the gyrocompass and VRS in use. This shall be independently from the one used by the DP sys-tem.

X X


Table C5 Failure modes (Continued)Item no.


Class B (DP)

Class C (DP)

Class S (DP)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


SECTION 9SAFETY AND SECURITY

A. Simulator Class – Safety and SecurityA 100 General101 Simulators for the function areas safety and securitymay be divided into the simulator classes given in Table A1.

B. Simulation ObjectivesB 100 Class A - Safety and Security101 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realistic

environment for all of the STCW-95 and ISPS competencerequirements referred to in the column for Class A in Table B1.

B 200 Class B - Safety and Security201 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 and ISPS competencerequirements referred to in the column for Class B in Table B1.

B 300 Class C - Safety and Security301 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the STCW-95 and ISPS competencerequirements referred to in the column for Class C in Table B1.

B 400 Class S - Safety and Security401 The simulator shall be capable of simulating any systemand/or scenario for Safety and Security, for any competencerequirement defined. In such a case the relevant Safety andSecurity system and/or scenario will be stated or referred to inthe certificate.

B 500 Competencies addressed by Safety and Security simulator class501 The competencies addressed by Safety and Securitysimulator classes are given in Table B1.

Table A1 Simulators for the function areas safety and securityClass A (SAS)

A full mission simulator capable of simulating a total ship covering Bridge, Cargo, Superstructure and Machinery spaces where the physical configuration requires learners to operate in a ship like environment.

Class B (SAS)

A multi task simulator capable of simulating a total ship covering Bridge, Cargo, Superstructure and Machinery spaces where at least one of the stations requires learners to operate in a ship like environment.

Class C (SAS)

A limited task simulator capable of simulating a total ship covering Bridge, Cargo, Superstructure and Machinery where learners can operate from a worksta-tion.

Class S (SAS)

A special tasks simulator capable of simulating any sin-gle parts of the requirements.

Table B1 Competencies addressed by Safety and Security simulator classSTCW-95 reference Competence Class A

(SAS)Class B (SAS)

Class C (SAS)

Class S (SAS)

Table A-II/1.4 Respond to emergencies. X X X (S)TableA-III/1.7.2 Operate pumping systems and associated control systems. X (S)Table A-II/1.11 Maintain seaworthiness of the ship. X X X (S)Table A-II/2.13 Control trim, stability and stress. X (S)Table A-IV/2.2 Provide radio services in emergencies. X X X (S)Table A-VI/3.1 Control fire- fighting operations aboard ships. X X X (S)Table A-VI/3.2 Organize and train fire parties. X X X (S)Table A-VI/3.3 Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing systems

and equipment.X (S)

Table A-VI/3.4 Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving fire. X (S)ISPS B/13.1 X X X (S)

DET NORSKE VERITAS


C. Simulator requirementsC 100 Detailed requirements101 The Safety and Security simulator shall, according to



Requirement Class A (SAS)

Class B (SAS)

Class C (SAS)

Class S (SAS)

a Equipment and consoles shall be installed, mounted, and arranged in a ship-like manner and in accordance with the appropriate safety plan for the simu-lated ship.

X X

b The simulator shall connect to Bridge, GMDSS and Engine class C simulators. XThe following equipment shall at least be included in the simulator:

c The simulator is to cover restricted areas and may include:

navigation bridge, machinery spaces of category A and other control stations as defined in chapter II-2 of the ISPS code:

— spaces containing security and surveillance equipment and systems and their controls and lighting system controls

— ventilation and air-conditioning systems and other similar spaces— spaces with access to potable water tanks, pumps, or manifolds— spaces containing dangerous goods or hazardous substances— spaces containing cargo pumps and their controls— cargo spaces and spaces containing ship's stores— crew accommodation— any other areas as determined by the CSO (company security officer),

through the SSA (ship security assessment) to which access must be restricted to maintain the security of the ship.

X X X

d Ship security alert system. X Xe Communication equipment in accordance with GMDSS frame-work, covering

at least the requirements for relevant area (where simulated navigation is planned for).

X

f Communication equipment including at least one VHF radio. X Xg The simulator shall include a communications system that will allow for inter-

nal ship and ship to shore communications to be conducted.X X X

h Control system for fire detection, fire alarm, control of watertight doors and lifeboat alarm.

X X

i Fixed smoke detectors in accordance with the simulated ship safety plan. X Xj Fixed manual fire alarm calling points in accordance with the simulated ship

safety plan.X X

k Control system for carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system in accordance with the simulated ship safety plan.

X X

l CO2 portable gas detection appliance. X Xm Water and Foam fire extinguishing system in accordance with the simulated

ship safety plan.X X

n Heat protective clothes and breathing apparatus in accordance with the simu-lated ship safety plan.

X X

o The simulator shall include an online stability and stress calculator. X Xp The facilities for local operation in the simulated machinery spaces shall con-

sist of one or more operating stations. The local operating station(s) shall at least give means to operate the following:

— bilge water system— fire pump system— emergency fire pump system— ballast pump system— cargo pumping systems.

X X

q Water tight doors. X Xr Ventilation control, including smoke extractor. X Xs Control system for fuel and electrical systems. X Xt At least one Lifeboat and one rescue boat that shall be graphically presented

and operated.X X

u Functions for simulating a land based station. XClass S requirements will be dependant upon the type of simulated equipment and/or scenario, and the defined competence requirements.

DET NORSKE VERITAS




Class B (SAS)

Class C (SAS)

Class S (SAS)

a The simulator shall be capable of providing an illustration or function repre-senting fire in one or more compartments.

X

b The simulator shall provide a calculation model for the distribution of fire and smoke appropriate to the burning material including dangerous goods.

X

c The simulator shall provide a calculation model that can simulate the extin-guishing of fire by means of water, foam or CO2 appropriate to the burning material including fire-fighting involving dangerous goods.

X

d The simulator shall provide a calculation that presents the distribution of toxic fumes with indication of survival diagnostics based on time and density.

X

e The simulator shall provide a calculation model for water inrush in predefined compartments that affects the ships trim and stability.

X

f The simulator shall provide functions for moving persons around the simu-lated ship.

X

g The simulator shall provide functions that enable the trainee to move around the ship searching for intruders.

X

h The simulator shall provide an own ship engine sound, reflecting the power output, sound of fire, flow of water and gunshots with a volume that is depend-ant of the distance from the source and learner location.

X




Class B (SAS)

Class C (SAS)

Class S (SAS)

a It shall be possible to visually view the distribution of smoke and fire based on the learners’ location in the simulated ship.

X

b It shall be possible for the learner to select walk, run or crawl when moving around inside the simulated ship.

X

c It shall be possible for the learner to select and operate fire extinguishing appli-ances.

X

d It shall be possible for the learner to simulate use of fire protective clothing and breathing apparatus.

X

e It shall be possible for the learner to operate doors and emergency exits. This includes:

— normal accommodation doors— fire doors— watertight doors— emergency exits— fire escapes.

X

f It shall be possible to simulate threat scenarios covering:

— damage to, or destruction of, the ship (bombing, arson, sabotage)— hijacking or seizure of the ship/persons onboard— tampering with cargo, ship equipment, systems, ship stores— unauthorized access or use, incl. stowaways— smuggling of weapons or equipment, weapons of mass destruction— use the ship to carry perpetrators and their personal equipment— use of the ship as weapon or as means to cause damage, destruction.

X


DET NORSKE VERITAS


SECTION 10VTS OPERATION

A. Simulator Class - VTS OperationA 100 General101 Simulators for the function area VTS operation may bedivided into the simulator classes given in Table A1.

B. Simulation ObjectivesB 100 Class A - VTS operation101 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realistic

environment for all of the IALA recommendation V-103, com-petence requirements referred to in the column for Class A inTable B1.

B 200 Class B - VTS operation201 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the IALA recommendation V-103, com-petence requirements referred to in the column for Class B inTable B1.

B 300 Class C - VTS operation301 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for all of the IALA recommendation V-103, com-petence requirements referred to in the column for Class C inTable B1.

B 400 Class S - VTS operation401 The simulator shall be capable of simulating a realisticenvironment for selected IALA recommendation V-103, com-petence requirement referred to in the column for Class S inTable B1.402 Overriding the requirement in 401, the simulator may becapable of simulating any equipment and/or scenario, for VTSoperation, for any competence requirement defined. In such acase the relevant equipment and/or scenario, and competencerequirements will be stated or referred to in the certificate.

B 500 Competencies addressed by VTS operation simu-lator class501 The competencies addressed by VTS operation simula-tor classes are given in Table B1.

C. Simulator requirementsC 100 Detailed requirements101 The VTS operation simulator shall, according to class,fulfil the requirements given in Table C1, Table C2 and

Table C3.102 Class S requirements will be dependant upon the type ofsimulated equipment and/or scenario, and the defined compe-tence requirements.

Table A1 Simulators classes for the function area VTS operationClass A (VTS)

A full mission simulator capable of conducting "Advanced training" - training usually carried out at the supervisory level, designed to enhance and utilize the employees' knowledge and experience to the fullest.

Class B (VTS)

A multi task simulator capable of conducting "Basic training" - the training required in order to carry out the functions assigned to a position. This type of training requires a high level of supervision.

Class C (VTS)

A limited task simulator capable of conducting "Class-room training" - training carried out in a classroom envi-ronment that enables trainees to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to reach the level of proficiency required to fully perform the duties of a position.

Class S (VTS)

A special tasks simulator capable of conducting "Knowl-edge" - information about certain facts, theories, sys-tems, procedures and other subject matter relevant to the duties and responsibilities of the position.

Table B1 Competencies addressed by VTS operation simulator classIALA V-103 reference Competence Class A

(VTS)Class B (VTS)

Class C (VTS)

Class S (VTS)

Table 1/1.1 Traffic management within the VTS area. A B C STable 2/1.2 VTS equipment. A B STable 1/1.2 Operate equipment. A B STable 1/1.3Table 2/1.1

Application of nautical knowledge. A B S

Table 1/1.4 Communication co-ordination. A STable 1/1.5 VHF radio. A B C STable 2/1.3 Demonstrate identified personal attributes specifically

related to the duties of a VTS supervisor.A B S

Table 1/1.6 Demonstrate identified personal attributes specifically related to the duties of a VTS operator.

A B S

Table 1/1.7Table 2/1.4

Respond to emergency situations. A B C S

Table 2/1.5 Administration functions. A STable 2/1.6 Legal knowledge. A S

DET NORSKE VERITAS



Requirement Class A (VTS)

Class B (VTS)

Class C (VTS)

Class S (VTS)

The following equipment shall at least be included in the simulator:a VTS operator workstation giving the VTS learner access to all relevant infor-

mation available in the system, together with the ability to control system functions.

X X X

b Electronic chart of the training area. Xc Display of information for all chart objects. Xd Chart overlays (warning areas, navigation channels, etc.). Xe Digitised radar video. X Xf Radar target tracks (symbol, vector and ID tag depicting a target’s position,

course, speed and identity).X

g AIS target tracks (symbol, vector and ID tag depicting a target’s position, course, speed and identity).

X X

h Bearing lines from VHF/DF bearing lines. X Xi Detailed vessel data via info link to a database. Xj Target and buoy warnings. Xk System warnings. Xl Status and controls for VTS sensors. X

m Data from other sensors (meteorological/hydrological,CCTV, SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition), VHF/DF, AIS) shall be possible.

X

n The communication equipment shall include at least one VHF radio. X X Xo The simulator shall include a system for communicating with the “outside

world”.X




Class B (VTS)

Class C (VTS)

Class S (VTS)

a It shall be possible to identify, correctly interpret and handle reports from at least fifty (50) simulated vessels/target ship simultaneously.

X

b It shall be possible to identify, correctly interpret and handle reports from at least twenty (20) simulated vessel/target ship simultaneously.

X X




Class B (VTS)

Class C (VTS)

Class S (VTS)

Target shipsa The simulator shall be able to display one or more chart windows at a time.

Each window shall display the whole chart or just a segment, depending on the range and centre selected for the window.

X

b The simulator shall be able to present at least hundred (100) different types of target ships.

X

c The simulator shall be able to present at least fifty (50) different types of target ships.

X


DET NORSKE VERITAS

Standard Maritime Simulator Systems 2-14

Documents

det norske

id tag depicting

propulsion

electric propulsion

hydro acoustic

digital selective

accurate visual

international