euro - barometre PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ~ ’. No. 25 JUNE 1986 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES RUE DE LA LOI 200 1049 BRUSSELS
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euro-barometre PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
~ ’.
No. 25 JUNE 1986
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES RUE DE LA LOI 200 1049 BRUSSELS
EUROBAROMETER No. 25
PUBLIC OPINION I N THE EUROPEAN COWlUNITY
SPRING 1986 . A .;-
- The mood o f Europeans: sa t i s fac t ion w i t h l i f e and f ee l i ng of happiness; sat is fac t ion w i t h the working o f democracy; a t t i t udes towards social change.
- A people's Europe: a European area w i t h no in te rna l f ron t ie rs by the
- At t i tudes towards Europe and the Comnunity.
- The European Parliament: i t s image, the importance o f i t s current ro le,
end o f 1992; the Channel tunnel; t r u s t between peoples.
hopes f o r i t s fu tu re ro le, major problems i t might discuss.
W
? 3 F
No 25 - June 1986
Comnission o f the European Comnunities Rue de l a Lo i 200 - 1049 Brussels
I 9
\ X
PRELIMINARY NOTE
LUROBAROMETER PUBLIC OPINION SURVEYS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED ON
BEHALF OF THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES EACH SPRING
AND AUTUMN SINCE SEPTEMBER 1973. THEY HAVE INCLUDED GREECE SINCE
AUTUMN 1980 AND HAVE NOW BEEN EXTENDED TO SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.
AN I S PUT TO REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES - DIFFERENT EACH TIME - OF THE POPULATION AGED FIFTEEN AND OVER I N
IDENTICAL SET OF QUESTIONS . ..
EACH COUNTRY. THIS SURVEY WAS CARRIED OUT BY PROFESSIONAL INTER-
VIEWERS BETWEEN 19 MARCH AND 30 APRIL 1986 I N THE HOMES OF THE
11 840 SELECTED RESPONDENTS.
SPECIALIST NATIONAL INSTITUTESs ALL MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN
OMNIBUS SURVEY WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING THE SURVEY. ALL
THESE INSTITUTESs WHICH WERE SELECTED BY TENDER, BELONG TO THE
EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR OPINION AND MARKETING RESEARCH AND COMPLY
WITH I T S STANDARDS.
THE NAMES OF THE INSTITUTES AND FIELD-WORK SPECIALISTS I N EACH
COUNTRY ARE LISTED I N THE APPENDIX TOGETHER WITH THE RELEVANT
TECHNICAL DETAILS.
* * *
I N ACCORDANCE WITH NORMAL PRACTICE FOR T H I S TYPE OF SURVEY THE
COMMISSION DISCLAIMS ALL RESPONSIBILITY FOR QUESTIONS, RESULTS
AND COMMENTAR1 ES.
CONTENTS Pages
PREFACE
I
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
I.
II.
III.
I V .
THE MOOD OF EUROPEANS
1.1 SATISFACTION WITH L I F E AND FEELING OF HAPPINESS 1.1.1 S a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h l i f e 1.1.2 F e e l i n g o f h a p p i n e s s
SATISFACTION WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORKS 1.2
1.3 BASIC ATTITUDE TO SOCIAL CHANGE
A PEOPLE'S EUROPE
11.1 A SINGLE EUROPEAN AREA BY 1992
11.2 THE CHANNEL TUNNEL
I I. 3 ;'TRUST BETWEEN PEOPLES
ATTITUDES TOWARDS EUROPE AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
III. 1 FOR OR AGAINST WESTERN EUROPEAN UNIFICATION
I I I .2 ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 111.2.1 F e e l i n g t h a t one's country has o r has
not benefited f r o m i t s membersh ip o f the Comnunity
111.2.2 G e n e r a l a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s Comunity membersh ip
111.2.3 A t t i t u d e t o w a r d s the scrapping o f the E u r o p e a n Comnunity
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
I V . l PUBLIC AWARENESS AND OVERALL IMPRESSION OF THE INSTITUTION
IV.2 IMPORTANCE ATTACHED TO PARLIAMENT'S CURRENT ROLE AND HOPES FOR I T S FUTURE
IV.3 PRIORITY ISSUES FOR DEBATE I N THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
1
2 2 5
7
12
19
20
2 1
26
49
50
5 1
5 1
55
60
62
63
76
80
ANNEXES
.,.*A
PREFACE
The phenomenon which has been dubbed "Euro-pessimism" i s on the wane: t h a t is the main conclusion t o be drawn from the l a t e s t Eurobarometer survey conducted i n s p r i n g 1986. There has been a s i g n i f i c a n t improvement i n most c o u n t r i e s a s regards both the mood of Europeans - measured i n the usual way through s a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h l i f e and w i t h the working of democracy - and a t t i t u d e s towards Europe and the Comnunity.
blhat a r e the reasons f o r this development? than t o exp la in , b u t there a r e probably a number of f a c t o r s working s imultaneously i n the same d i r e c t i o n : a s l i g h t improvement i n the economic s i t u a t i o n , a s measured by the indices and h i g h l i g h t e d by the media; and a series of events involving the C o n u n i t y which have genera l ly a t t r a c t e d favourable comment from press, r ad io and t e l e v i s i o n - these inc lude the accession o f Spain and Portugal on 1 January, the agreement of governments i n February t o what has been given the unfor tuna te ly r e s t r i c t i v e t i t l e of "the Single European Act", and the Danish referendum on 27 February.
A l l these events o r , t o be more p r e c i s e , the s ign i f i cance attr ibuted t o them by the publ ic , have helped improve both the mood of Europeans and their a t t i t u d e t o the Community between autumn 1985 and sp r ing 1986. ml this l a s t ? I t i s impossible t o say. B u t what is c l e a r is t h a t , through- ou t the Comnunity, the pub l i c is ready t o respond t o European "messages" which measure up t Ó i t s expec t a t i ons and a s p i r a t i o n s .
I t i s e a s i e r t o observe
Carlo Ripa d i Meana
Member o f the Comnission of the European Communities
INTRUVUCTION AM) SUMMARY
T U e d t t i o n 0 6 Emba~~metm .Lb divided i n t o dom c h a p t m :
1 " The mood 06 Emoperms, with t h e u s u l d i s f i c t i o n bmeen " p m o n a l mood" ( b W 4 action ULith f i d e and dect ing 06 happ in es^) and "public mood" (satis6aotian u h t h e wo&g o6 demowcy and U d e s t o u m d ~ so& c h n g e l .
2 " A peopik'b Empe, Ln aW~ee ~ e c t i o n b : t h e plan t o -&e a & p u n aheu w i t h no .&h.naÆ 6tcantiehs by Rhe end 06 7992 , .the naie &nn& undm .the Chann&, and an hnpomnX update 06 phev.iou.4 heseatrch W ~eeeingb 06 .thut between peoples.
3" -deb &urarrdb E m p e and $he E m p u n Community
4" The Emopean Par .Ume.nX
TffE MOUV OF EUROPEANS
A¿ .ÚI all p~~ev&us Eunaba&"m swtveys, Venmcutk, w h a e 63% me "vmy bati66Ledl1, .top 06 Xhe baaXb6 act ion league. P o m g c d boaom, U h a m m e 5% Ceaiming .to be "vehy baA2A6Ledtt.
(See Table I , pp. 3-41
Feeeings 0 6 happinebb how a b.ÚnLtm &end: i n most cowzthies t h e index .ih stigktey up on Xhe pkevioub b W v C y , pahticLLeahey i n Gheece w h a e f i e QLLtwnn 1985 6Qwre w 1 ~ 6 abnonmtLeey low. Vultch ( 4 4 % m e "vehy happy") d h f i e Gheeks i n h Z p.&~ce (37% me "not
The moht contented me t h e
&)o happy").
(See Table 3, p. 61
It appeahs ;thaR: ZfIe l e v d 06 these Lndicu g e n u g daterunined
Cwvtent a66a.h do have a de~LniAe, buA onty LÚnLted, in t h e longeh tuun indices varuj w u n d a
boih by $he degme 06 bocio-economic deudkpment and by deep& embedded "t n o m . b&g tu.¿-th Xhe wuet m o u ok l e s h con~&~nt avuage.
1
I
I I
Sat ib6acaon with t h e ulay demowcy wohkb. t e g e c t 6 an impohtcLnt 6 acet 0 6 t h e "pubL¿c mood" i~ l e b h bakb le than t h e
T b indicatorr, utkich
o f i a $MO. L ike them, .¿Z .Lb b&ongLy in(luenceci ~y cLLetwrae @.tou: demomcy & k u di46aent domb i n di6@~~evLt cou:;yvLies. a66ec;ted by ocio- and po¡XLLca.t d e v e t o p " , i n othw wok& by t h e b o m w M vague 6 e U g 2ha.t thing6 ahe going w& arr badey and by majorr e v e d on .the n a t i o n a l p o e t t i d Acene.
But, .Lt .i~ &o
I n b p h g 19b6 lthe mobt baa%&ied, ulith & o ~ t i d e n a k a l )LatingA. w a e the Luxembowgm, t h e Danes and t h e Ge;runans; lthe luut ~ a h h d i e d wme t h e I m u .
Since t h e p~~ev.ioccb buhvey ~ a t i s 6 a t A i o n has incheased c o m i d m b l y i n PomhgaR and Fnance, both counthies w h a e g e n u d dec t ions k v e d e m o r u m e d ,that demowcy .d a l i v e and WU.
(See Table 5, pp. 9- 70)
S O W C h a e . T b indicatan iA compLted ('rom amww t o a Q U ~ ~ Z ¿ O ~ lreqLwMzg --i?- a c O L C ~ 04 t h e e badie a w n b : / l e v o W o n , ~tef,om, oh dedence o6 t h e A- quo.
The onÆy ~ L g n i , f i U change hince t h e pkevioud ~ u h v e y .d t h e grrowth 06 "de@~4ive" U d e s i n l ltaey and, 4- m o u b o , in 1"d. doubl;eesb ke6lec72 h a m e d pubfic c o n c m at f i e rresuhgence 06 t t o & m .¿n f iese &o cowtfhied oh fieih. im n e i g h b o m .
Tkid
(See Tables 8 hnd 9, pp. 1 7 - 1 8 )
A PEOPLE'S EUROPE
A numbeh 0 6 QUUAXOY~~ m e now asked i n each Eunaba/rameta on v a h i o u a s p e c b 06 a e Ewlllpean iderttity and on f i e bebt ways 06 hlthengfiening &.
A h i n g l e €utlopenn mea by 1992. CommibAion t o t h e edZabÆ.¿hn ent 06 a b ing le m e Euopean "ket camphising "an MU wLtho& 6 & o n . t . i ~ in which t h e d'Lee movement 06 goo&, p m o u , ~ a v L c e s and capiakt i~ en6wd" by t h e end 04 1992 knowledge. W h a t do ;the o/r&intury people f i k ? The quedaon w pat t o Xhem and t h e a u w m cvre ~lLCte Cem: the v u t majo&tg 06 Eu/ropeau .in t i t e &due Membeh S.&z.tes cvre i n davoun 06 a Ew~opean mea cUcth0u.t 6&0vl.tim; &uppo)Lf .Lb & . ¿ g f & g ongm gm in SpcLin and P o h t u g d and ~ L Q h t t y w e a k a i n f i e UnCted lCingdom and Denmcurk buX t h m e can be no m i s l i z h g Xhe genmal &tend.
The hpo&tance attached by t h e
comnon 0 u ~ h e b ~ iA borr, a6 me govurmer&, at Æeast in p h i n ~ p t e .
[: z Table 10, p. 22)
The Cturnna tunnee. E x e d o n 06 tb pmjec;t, wkich had been Xdked ahoa bok morre than &u o centwLies and w given .the A& 06 a p w o v d by ;the hvo g o v m e n t 6 c o n c m e d at t h e beginning 06 tkid y e , .d 0 6 majok economic and qmbokXc & g n i ~ i c a n c e .
I I
Natwraeey, a numbm 06 cowzthies (Thehnd, V e " k , Spain, po^ a l and Gheece) deel l e s d involved buX the p ~ ~ o j e o t d heen a6 "a good t f u g l , evmywhme except i n t h e United Kingdom, whae onty 31% m e i n d a v o u ab compcured uLi th .46% against.
(See Table I I , p. 2 4 )
T u t between peoples. T u t b-een peoples i~ a good emoaXonaÆ hdicat 0 4 . 0 &U hdiLl%Ovld and has been andyhed by Embaho- m e t e r r on a L b e h o6 occa~ ion6 . The buhvey .& d iv ided i n t o t h h Z - : ZjÜïZZ between t h e peoples 06 t h e CommuvLity; a3.ut i n peop les occbide .the Community ( W s , T u b , Ame/Licam, Japanese, Ckinese and Rudb.iAnA); and a3.ud i n one'h own peop&e.
bhing o& . into .the open. 06 t h e srna.Ua noft$hu.n cowcthies (Vanes, VuXch, Luxembomga and Setg.ian6) m e bavowuxbly I t e g d e d , wLeike t h e inhab iahr& 0 6 f i e h0LLthvt.n counf;lLies (Span&db, GheekA, Po/Ltuguese and ' I W n s ) . It Lh not ¿hp&y lhz..t no&mehs tvte pkejudiced aga ins t hoLLthmneMj f i e h o u 2 h u . n ~ Ithems&ves me ab sus pi ci ou^ 0 4 one o t h a . These e.n~oaXonaÆ / r u p o n d u me deeply m o t e d in n a t i o n a t cuetune and consequentty v m y stabte. Neva- Z h d e s h , t h a e has been a S.t i .g#~t gmcuth i n s ince 1976. I n ik ib c o n n e u n i.t migkt w& be a good i d e u t o oqanize an i n d o m a t i o n campaign ULCtIt .the slogan "The Euhopean ComwLcty Ouua you ... 'I to pmunt Ita t h e pubeic .in f i e /regions c o n c m e d .
The hepfies appean. t o hedeed bteheotypes, which A .Lh a6 w& t o Foh e m p l e , t u i t h in t h e Community .the peoples
(See Tables 13 , 14 and 19 , pp. 28- 29 and 35- 38 )
Once again, 06 the non-Commwzity peoples .¿A .Lh .the SW.¿AA who m e t o p 06 f i e table, a long way i n bhont 0 6 t h e Amdcam and the Japanese, who m o u oh l e b h a e 604. second place. &.Outed by .the m a j o a y 06 Eu/ropeans in 1976, ha6 .únp/urved considm- ab ly . The Rubhknb, on lthe o $ h a hand, me genehaeey m i s u t e d , a l though ~eighZQ less than bebohe. doh f i e 6A.t .Cime: phejUdiCe agahu t f i e m Luidesp/read, & c d a h l y i n Gheece and I-, and conb.Úiuuzble eddohtd Cuiee be f iequhed on bo th hides i d Wt d .to be es$ubUhed.
The .Únage 06 t he Chinese, who wme
The Tu& w a t inctuded Ln the eist
(See T a b l a 21 and 2 2 , pp. 41- 43 )
The s w v e y 06 $JUX in one'h 6eeeOw Cit i zens b w o u t phevioub &Lndingh: t h e 'IaWÁunb ahu6.t one o t h m t o a lesseh deghee thun othm natiand bcLt .the h.¿&uuXon has imphoved g h e a t e y o v a Xhe h t ten y w and Lt m y be thai t h e Community can $uke home 60h tkid t o o .
(See Table 2 5 , p. 4 7 )
zv
ATTZTUDES TOWARVS EUROPE AND TU€ COMMUNITY
Emopean un ib i ca t i on . The gtocuth i n op.Cinúm, wkich t e b l e m t h e hptovement i n f i e economic bAhaaXon, amd t h e ackievemena wfúch tedounded t o t h e chedit 06 E m p e and t h e Commundy i n t h e 6 i u A quahReh 06 t h e y a have genmaXed . h m m e d ~ u p p o h t 604 Emopean uni&¿cation, &cueahey i n Ven".&, G m n y , Gkeece and PolLtugd. The numberr 06 " d o n ' t knom" i n Po&tugd t o ques.tLovu on Ewtope has hopped A h P & j , undoubltecity as a tebuet 06 g a m media c o v w g e 0 6 Conmnunilj a6bcLi)ts.
(See Tabte 2 7 , p., 5 2- 5 3 )
CO" wzity membmkip. A6 una t o be expected, the g t e a t mjomXy 06 S e e(n c o w has not ct gained dtom ComunLty m e h 6 b 2 b e n e 6 a . 06 p t e v h u s ~ m v e y b , UL?% a m a j o U y who deet t h e i n c o w has benedaed dl rom membertskip evmphetre except i n t h e United Kingdom ( w h e t h e numba 06 thode oppobed hab howevm $&en AlXgktey). i n i a v i w e e d , a compcured wLth 49% .ht aLLtumn, .think t h a cowttRy has bene6Lted 6tom Comnuni4 membwkip; t tkib impmvement A undoubtedey a wcLet 06 lthe .¿~$oh&Z¿oan campaign ctt luied out bedote .the t e & m " .
?km a $kind o6 t h e P o h g u e d e &mdy anticipate I n the ofim MembM S l t a t e s , the t e s a ~e mnihm t o t h o u
I n l k m t m h , 61% 0 6
(See Tabte t 9 , p. SS)
The q u a f i o n 06 bene&itb aside , thwì! A a .&m.ge majohi ty .Ln 6avow o6 ConaKuzCty membmfúp ev-htzhe except i-n the United Kingdom. f i e tebuï% have i h p m v e d .Ln D e m k , herre 51% now c o m i d a Communclj membertship Ira good t fúng" - c ~ d compamd w¿th 35% E u t auhnn - and Ln PoulLgcLe.
Once ag&,
(See Table 3 0 , pp. 5 7 - 5 8 )
T M EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT'
The de-e o6 t tEuno-pesAhi"t , v m i o u s a s p e m 06 wkich have been deaet w a h above, hab no t y e t had a benedi& e66ec.t on t h e Euopeun P-ent. Publ ic aumenebb 06 t h e & M o n fm 6&en back t o a Æevet wkich could be t e g a d e d rt6 ttnotunae't bot t h e pehiod b m e e n etectionb: ~6 i n 1977 , one Emopean Ln mo CecLimed Xo have m a d ok h d bometking about t e c d y . Once ag& an avmage, t h e 6 igwe6 mng.Lng &om n e m t y 7 0 % .in Luxembowq t o betow 40% Ln Ge/unany, t h e United Kingdom and Gteece.
(See Gmph 2 , p. 6 5 and TabÆe 33 , p. 6 6 )
V
Among h 3 ~ ~ v i w e u who chimed t o have tread oh hea/rd hometking abolclt P-ed, 40% had a " g e n u a U y d a v o m b l e imptluhion" and 25% a " g e n m y un6avowbte impkubion" 0 6 t h e i n n m o n . gave a na.&.d hepty OJL no 'reptg CLt &. The hemaindm
(See Table 37, p p . 74-75)
Both public a,umenes¿ and o v W hnphebhion 06 P u e n t depend on a nwnbm 06 vahiabled ( e d u d o n , opennub 0 6 mind, a t t i t u d e to& t h e Community) bLLt t h e d n dac.to& would heemn t o be t h e c o n v i d o n tha.2 Pcudimned d o u not have a v a y h p o h t a n t hole aR: hesent, even though
hc/rease i n t h e 6LLtwte. t h e majo/ug 0 6 t h e pubfic in moht c o u W e s wo && aote to
(See Tables 38 and 40 , p p . 77-78 and 87-82 ]
A &bud quesaXon dea& W t h e ihbue6 which peopte would mobt fike t o
06 t h e t e n odbaed , thohe chohen by moht people wme s a 2 h W n g t h e
bee debated by P u e n t .
economy t o hetp 6igf1.t unemployment, 6ighZing t m o / L i b m and chime, pmtecting t h e enuhonment and 6 i g W n g d i n g p ~ c u .
(See Table 4 2 , p . 8 4 )
Tt would thaeboke hem ZhaX t h e hubje& mobt l i k d y t o a.t.tmct public a t t en t ion t o $he Emope.an P u e n t a e thohe wkich .Lt ha6 aaheadg debated. hehioubÆy .i.¿ bok dometking .to happen at t h e end 0 6 t h e debate, dok t h e House actuaeey &I huppoe (ok oppohe) a decision otr p o l i c y - i n hho)Lt, involvement on a Ewrapean ¿cute.
W h a t .i.¿ teutly needed i(, t h e i n s W o n ih t o be taken
Let ttkid be a WlVLning t o UA! The ne& elecrtion~, i n lune 1 9 8 9 , a e onty XhAee y u m y ... .
CHAPTER I
THk MOOD OF EUROPEANS
- 2 -
I
l THE MOOD OF EUROPEANS
Be i t the effect of spring, the continuing economic recovery o r pro- gress i n bu i l d i ng the Comnunity ( the accession o f Spain and Portugal, the s igning o f the agreement on the Single European Act w i th a view t o c loser union, the Danish referendum, and so on) - whatever the reasons, the l a t e s t Eurobarometer r e f l e c t s an improvement i n the psycho-social climate.
1.1 SATISFACTION WITH LIFE AND FEELING OF HAPPINESS
People i n most countr ies are f ee l i ng s l i g h t l y more sa t i s f i ed w i t h l i f e than they were l a s t autumn. This i s p a r t i c u l a r l y t r ue i n Germany and s t i l l more so i n Greece, where l a s t autumn's resu l t s had admittedly plumneted, no doubt owing t o the announcement o f s t r ingent socia l and economic aus te r i t y measures some weeks ea r l i e r .
Most sa t i s f i ed of a l l are the Danes, as has been the case since the question was f i r s t asked i n 1973: 63% are "very sat is f ied" wi th the l i f e they lead. They are fo l lowed by the Dutch and the Luxembourgers.
A t the other end of the scale, l eas t sa t i s f i ed are the Portuguese, w i t h only 5% "very sat is f ied" , wel l behind the Greeks, the I t a l i a n s and the French.
Results f o r the other countr ies are close t o the European average: s l i g h t l y above i n the case o f Spain, Ireland, Germany and the United Kingdom and s l i g h t l y below i n the case o f ,Belgium.
(See Table 1 and Table A l i n the Appendix)
Since f igu res f o r n ine countr ies are ava i lab le over t h i r t een years (and over f i v e years f o r Greece), i t i s in te res t ing t o compare the most recent r esu l t s w i th those o f e a r l i e r surveys.
This comparison leads t o the fo l lowing conclusions:
1. The cur rent l eve l o f sa t i s f ac t i on w i t h l i f e i n most countr ies i s equal t o o r higher than the average f o r a l l the surveys car r ied out since 1973 (since 1981 i n the case o f Greece). I re land and, i n par t i cu la r , Belgium.
The exceptions are
SATISFACTION WITH LIFEI
3.42
September 1973
Very satisf ied Fa i r l y satisf ied Not very satisf ied Not a t a l l satisf ied
Don't know 5 Index
October 1983
Very satisf ied Fa i r l y satisf ied Not very satisf ied Mot a t a l l satisf ied
Don't know 5 Index
March-April 1984
Very satisf ied Fa i r l y satisf ied Not very satisf ied Not a t a l l satisf ied
Don't know
Oc tober- November 1 984
Very satisf ied Fa i r l y sat is f ied Mot very satisf ied Not a t a l l satisf ied
Don't know 5 Index
2.67
- 8
X -
43 49
6 2
- 3.34 -
18 60 15 4 3
2.94 - -
30 46 15 8 1
2.99 - -
16 63 15 5 1
2.91 7
-
1
3.13
+ I
51 1 17 44 I 65
4 I 15 + + +
55 I 12 40 I 66 4 I 15
56 I 20 37 I 63 4 I 12
58 I 13 37 I 71
3 I 13
2.66
- F
x -
15 62 17 5 1
2.89 - -
15 60 18 6 1
2.84 - --
12 60 20 1 1
2.76 - -
10 63 21 5
' 1
2.80 -
1
3.36
2
3.16
L WL UK
2.94 .
i i
: 1 * , I_
30 49
9 2 . . -
3.26 - 37 52 6 3 2
3.21 - -
38 51 6 3 2
3.27 - -
32 59
7 1 1
3.25 - -
- GR
x -
- -
18 45 .24 12 1
2.70 - -
19 46 21 14
- 2.69
15 48 25 12
- 2.65 -
EC 10
% (-3 1
21 58 16 4 1
2.98
18 58 16 6 2
2.91
21 56 16 6 1
2.96
19 60 16 4
: i : i : I
: I : I : I : I : I : I : I : I : I ; I : / ] i
. .
i
: I : i : I
: I : I : I i
: I : I : i : I : I : i : i : I : I
SATISFACTION w I TH L I FE^
L I L UK
March-April 1985 I I Very sa t i s f ied
I Not very sa t f s f ied F a i r l y sat is f ied
Not a t a l l sat is f ied Don't know
5 Index
October-Novcmber 1985
Very sat is f ied F a i r l y .sat is f ied Not very sa t i s f ied Not a t a l l sa t i s f ied
i Don't know
5 Index
GR EC 10 E I fJ I E C 1 2 7
March-April 1986
-.
I Very sat isf led F a i r l y sa t i s f ied Not very sat is f ied Not a t a l l sat is f ied
1 I
D o n ' t know 5 i Index
2 2 1 : I : 9 i /
I I R 1 I I
b-b- I
1 31 1 15 50 I 52 12 I 23 6 1 9 q% 25 I 10 57 I 53 12 I 28 5 1 9 1 1
3.04 2.62
33 I 11 49 1 61 1 1 I 21
3.29 3.31 - 3.15
I I 2.76 2.98
1
1
3.31
* I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3.25 3 .11 2.54 2.87 2.87 2.43 2.86 Ï 1
' A l l f igures i n t h i s table are percentages o f the t o t a l number o f persons interviewed.
* Excluding Northern Ireland i n 1973.
' Weighted average. Excluding Greece i n 1973.
Including Spain and Portugal-from October-November 1985.
"Very sat is f ied" = 4, " f a l r l y sat isf ied" = 3, "not very sat ts f ied" = 2, "not a t a l l sat is f ied" = 1; "don't knows excluded. The mid-point i s 2.5; higher scores r e f l e c t re la t i ve sat ts fact ion and lower scores re la t i ve dissat isfactton.
1
3 .33
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L I
3.35 3 .13 2.78 3.00 3.01 2.57 2.99
- 5 -
B
2. I n most count r ies the cu r ren t l e v e l o f s a t i s f a c t i o n i s very close t o o r even h igher than the previous maximum. I r e l a n d and Belgium are again the exceptions, although t h e i r scores are n o t the lowest ever recorded, the negat ive t rend i n both count r ies seems t o have stopped.
(See Table 2)
TABLE 2 I
TREND IN SATISFACTION WITH LI FE^ DK D F IRL I
3.15 2 Average score 3.50 3.01 2.79 3.18 2.64
Max i mum
Minimum
3.34
2.91
3.60 3.11 2.91 3.42 2.78
3.35 2.91 2.71 3.00 2.51 I
March-April 1986 2.97
1.1.2
1
3.59 3.12 2.84 3.11 2.77
L
3.25
-
3.33
2.98
3.33
Feel ing o f happiness
3.35 13.13 12.78 J
Vaking aU Xkingb bogethm, how I wou& yau hay ZkingA me these dayh - would you ¿ay you"? v w y happy, @ M y happy, O/L n o t t o o happy these dayh?"
/
As w i t h s a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h l i f e , bu t t o a l esse r degree, f e e l i n g s o f happiness have increased s l i g h t l y i n most countr ies s ince the previous survey: autumn 1985 l e v e l was abnormal l y 1 ow.
The r i s e i s s i g n i f i c a n t on l y i n Greece, however, where the
Those repo r t i ng themselves happiest a re the Dutch (44% "very happy"), ahead o f the Danes, the Luxembourgers and the I r i s h . Least happy are t h e Greeks, i n l a s t place a f t e r t he I t a l i a n s and t h e Portuguese. e l s e i s c lose t o the European average, s l i g h t l y above i n the case o f t h e Belgians, B r i t i s h , Spanish and Germans, and s l i g h t l y below i n the case of the French.
Everyone
(See Table 3 and Table A2 i n t h e Appendix)
"Very s a t i s f i e d " = 4, " f a i r l y s a t i s f i e d " = 3 , "not very s a t i s f i e d " =
2 1 surveys from 1973 t o 1986 f o r a l l countr ies o ther than Greece (10 surveys from 1981 t o 1986).
2, "not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d " = 1; "don't knows" excluded. *
FEELING OF HAPP IN ESS^
I x
8 ou O f 1P.L I 1 Wl UK GR EC 10 E
x Hay-June 1975
Very happy Fa i r l y happy Mot too happy
Don't knar 4 Index
October 1983 Very happy Faí r l y happy Not too happy
Don't know
lndcx4 October-Wovcmbcr 1984
Veu happy Fairly happy Not too happy
Don't know
lndcx4 ktober-lovclaber 1985 Veu happy Fa i r l y happy W o t too happy
Don't know
3
2.90
4 h rch- Apr i l 1986
Index
7 s ] 2
3.03 2.34 2.33 2.30
Very happy Fa i r l y happy Not too happy
Don't know
2
3.07
x x x x
1 2 : i I - 1 . I
r I
2.68 2.09 2.48
1 2 4 2.66 2.90
3 1 1
2.48 2.39 2.82
3 3
2.76 2.90 4 Index
1 3 : I 2.84 2.42 : 2.32
I
'i 3 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 ) 3
2.55 2.42 2.83 2.21 2.90 I j . i n 2.65 2.17 I 2.52 2.60 2.24 2.52
1 1 1 2
3.00 2.70 2.06 2.43
1 1 1 2 2 2
3.00 2.74 1.90 2.49 2.19 2.29 2 .68
I
I o.
' A l l figures í n t h i s table a~ percentages of the t o t a l nunbcr o f persons intervlewed.
Ueíghted average. Excluding Greete i n 1975.
lncludlng Spain and Portugal fm October-November 1985.
'Very happy" 4, ' f a i r l y happy. = 2.5, 'not too happy' = 1; 'don't knows" excluded.
- 7 -
B D K ' D
Average score 2.83 2.89 2.47
Maximum 3.10 3.03 2.56 M i n imum 2.62 2.63 2.34
March-April 1986 2.76 2.90 2.55 ..
As i n the case o f sat is fac t ion w i th l i f e , we show below the trend i n the fee l ing o f happiness since 1975, when the question was f i r s t asked.
(See Table 4)
F IRL I L NL UK GR
2.37 2.78 2.06 2.66 3.03 2.66 2.01
2.52 3.01 2.23 2.81 3.22 2.85 2.09 2.25 2.30 1.77 2.40 2.84 2.34 1.90
2.42 2.83 2.24 2.90 3.10 2.65 2.17
The tab le gives r i s e t o the fo l lowing observations:
1. I n a l l countries other than Belgium the leve l o f happiness i s e i t h e r higher o r j u s t s l i g h t l y lower than the average f o r a l l the surveys car r ied out since 1975 (since 1982 i n the case o f Greece).
2., I n Germany, I taly, Luxembourg and Greece the l a t e s t scores are e i t he r roughly equal t o o r higher than the previous maximum.
3. A l l the other countries are up on the lowest score recorded since 1975.
TABLE 4
TREND IN THE FEELING OF HAPP IN ESS^
I .2 SATISFACTION WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORKS
"Very happy" = 4, " f a i r l y happy" = 2.5, "not too happy" = 1; "don't knows" excl uded.
13 surveys from 1975 t o 1986 f o r a l l countr ies other than Greece (6 surveys from 1982 t o 1986).
!
(See Table 6)
- 8 -
This var iable measures an important face t o f the "publ ic mood", t ha t i s t o say the feel ing - vague or -:herwise - tha t things are going w e l l o r badly, t ha t the country i s be* I n other words, i t r e f l e c t s an ouZral1 assessment o f the performance o f the current government and of the p o l i t i c a l system. I n a stable socia l and p o l i t i c a l s i tuat ion, sa t i s fac t ion w i th the way democracy works, whi le strongly influenced by the c u l t u r a l norms pecu l iar t o each country which determine the average leve l of sa t i s fac t ion over a long period, a lso depends i n the short term on major events i n nat ional p o l i t i c a l l i f e (successes, fa i lures, cr ises, elect ions, changes o f government, and so on), as reported by the various publ ic informat ion (or manipulation) media. This media in f luence probably helps g ive t h i s var iable two s ign i f i can t character is t ics which are revealed when i t i s compared w i th the var iable ex ressing sa t i s f ac t i on o r d issat is fac t ion w i th 1 i f e ( " p r i va te mood" !I : sat is fac t ion w i t h the way democracy works, measured i n the same way, i s general ly lowfr than sa t i s fac t ion wi th l i f e and, moreover, swings more sharply.
wel l o r badly governed, and so on.
I n spr ing 1986 the most sa t i s f ied , w i th almost i den t i ca l rat ings, were the Luxembourgers, the Danes and the Germans; the l e a s t sa t i s f ied were the I t a 1 ians.
Since the previous survey sa t i s fac t ion has increased considerably i n Portugal and France, both countr ies where h i gh l y s i gn i f i can t general e lec t ions have demonstrated t ha t democracy i s a l i v e and wel 1.
(See Table 5 and Table A3 i n the Appendix)
The t rend i n t h i s var iab le can be analysed since 1973 i n the case of n ine countr ies and since 1980 i n the case of Greece.
The t ab le gives r i s e t o the fo l lowing observations:
1. The spr ing 1986 l eve l o f sa t i s fac t ion i s higher i n most countr ies than the average o f a l l the surveys over the per iod i n question. Ireland, Belgium, the United Kingdom and Greece cons t i tu te exceptions - bu t by narrow margins.
2. I n three countr ies - Denmark, Luxembourg and I t a l y - the spr ing 1986 scores are a record: the highest-ever l eve l o f sa t i s f ac t i on i n the case o f the f i r s t two and the lowest-ever l eve l o f d i ssa t i s- f ac t i on f o r the t h i r d .
3. I n the other countr ies the current l eve l i s c loser t o the maximum recorded i n the Netherlands, Germany and France; and c loser t o the minimum i n Belgium, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Greece.
* * * * *
Nevertheless, there i s a close cor re la t ion between the two variables, both a t the leve l o f i nd iv idua l interviewees and a t the leve l of nat iona l averages.
B
t
September 1973
Very s a t i s f i e d F a i r l y s a t i s f i e d Not very s a t l s f i e d Not a t a l l s a t l s f i e d
Don't know 5 Index
October 1983
Very sa t i s f i ed F a i r l y s a t i s f i e d Not very s a t i s f i e d Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d
Don't know 5 Index
March-April 1984
Very s a t i s f l e a F a l r l y s a t i s f i e d Not very s a t i s f i e d Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d
Don't know 5 Index
October-November 1984
Very s a t i s f l e d F a i r l y sa t i s f f ed Not very s a t l s f i e d Not a t a l l s a t i s f f e d
Don't know
Index'
OK D F IR1 I 1 NL UK CR EC 10 E P EC -i 12
( 2 ) ( 3 ) 11) I X I x x % I t x x x i x x - t x X I
9 7 10 11 8 3 8 5 7 8 7
2.51 2.94 2.78 2.45 2.31 1.90 2.66 2.53 2.67 2.82 2 . 4 8
6
2.7G
2 1 13 2 1 11 10 2 4 1 : : I 2.35 2.38 2.33 2.49 1.99 2.66 2.56 2.32 2.29
5
2.35
5 7 8 7 4 7 3 6 6 6 I 2.88 2.86 2.30 2.43 1.90 2.71 2.51 2.66 2.70 2.46
1
5
2.39
6 2 10 6 1 3 3 3 6 I : I : I : 1
2.89 2.78 2.32 2.33 2.04 2.75 2.57 2.63 2.67 2 . 4 8 1 : 1-1
hrch- Apr i l 1985
Very ss t i s f led Fa l r l y sat is f ied Not very SatfSffcd Not a t a l l sat ls f led
Don't know 5 Index
October-Noveder 1985
Very sat isf ied Fa i r l y sat isf ied Not very sat is f ied Not a t a11 sat is f ied
Don't know 5 Index
March-Apr41 1986
Very sat lsf fed Fa i r l y sa t l s f led Nat very sa t i s f ied Not a t a l l sat is f ied
Don't know
- 1"kx5
ã+?-t
SATISFACTION WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORKSI
I I l I I
8 OK O F I R 1 I L I L UK GR EC 10 E P EC 12
7 1 4 2.41 2.99
i I
I I i 1
5 1 1 9 / 1 3 ¡ 5 1 8
3 12 7
2.91 2.48 2.48
-T-tä+- I I i
2 I I S I 7 23 i. 57 i 49 45 I 20 I 29
2 1 9 * qq-k
3 1 1 8 1 9 25 1 49 I 49
2 6 1 6 1 9 43 I 21 I 28
2 I 20 1 10 28 I 55 I 51
2 4 1 2 1 5 43 I 17 I 25
A l l f igures I n t h i s tab le are percentages of the to ta l number o f persons interviewed.
Excluding Northern Ireland I n 1973.
Y igh ted average. Excluding Greece i n 1973.
Including Spaln and Portugal f r i October-November 1985.
knows" excluded. ' "Very satisfied' = 4. " f a i r l y sat isf ied" = 3, "not very sat ls f led" = 2, "not a t a l l sat is f ied" - 1; "don't
I I
7 I 19 44 I 40 30 I 20 13 I 13 q+
7q-k 9 I 19
43 I 32 29 I 26 15 I 16
I I
8 I 18
31 I 17 43 I 38
12 I 20
++-- I I
42 I : 8 1 :
31 1 : +- q%
7 I 14 42 I 37 31 I 27 14 I 12
7 I 17
28 I 30 47 I 36
.-
- 1 1 -
TABLE 6
TREND IN SATISFACTION WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORK$
2 Average score
Previous maximum M i nimum I
March-Apri 1 1986
6 DK D F IRL I L NL UK GR
2.46 2.77 2.83 2.37 2.52 1.91 2.81 2.61 2.55 2.67
2.70 2.99 2.96 2.60 2.84 2.09 2.99 2.76 2.73 2.82 2.23 2.35 2.38 2.23 2.31 1.73 2.65 2.44 2.32 2.52
2.41 2.99 2.91 2.48 2.48 2.09 2.99 2.72 2.48 2.58 A
As demonstrated by France and. Portugal, where sa t i s fac t i on increased s i g n i f i c a n t l y between autumn 1985 and spr ing 1986, t h i s va r iab le i s p a r t i - c u l a r l y sens i t i ve t o major events i n nat ional p o l i t i c a l l i f e suth as e lect ions, espec ia l l y when these produce a change o f government . Such was the case w i t h the pres ident ia l e lec t i on i n Portugal i n Febuary and the parl iamentary e lec t ions i n France on 16 March.
The l i k e l y increase i n d i ssa t i s fac t i on among those who lose the e l e c t i o n might be expected t o of fset the increase i n sa t i s fac t i on among the winners so that , i n systems where v i c t o r y can be,won by on ly a narrow margin, the average l e v e l would remain more o r less stable.
I n fac t , the example o f the two countr ies re fe r red t o above shows tha t , i n the shor t term a t least , the average l e v e l o f sa t i s fac t i on may r i s e fo l l ow ing a change which removes uncer ta in t ies . t e s t o f the sound funct ioning o f a democratic p o l i t i c a l system, which normalizes and i n s t i t u t i o n a l i z e s t h e t rans fe r - o r shar ing - o f power.
i n s a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h t h e way democracy works i n France and Portugal between autumn 19g5 and spr ing 1986 re la ted t o the p o l i t i c a l ideology o f the interviewees.
This could be seen as a
Table 7 and Graph 1 i l l u s t r a t e t h i s phenomenon. They show the t rend
"Very s a t i s f i e d " = 4, "not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d" = 1; "don' t knows" excluded.
19 surveys from 1973 t o 1986 i n t he case o f a l l countr ies other than Greece (11 surveys from 1980 t o 1986).
For Denmark, Luxembourg and I ta ly the March-April 1986 score i s i n f a c t t he maximum.
See analyses o f French and Greek resu l t s (1980-82) i n Eurobarometer No 19, June 1982, pp. 12-14.
' P o l i t i c a l ideology i s gauged here by the r e p l i e s o f interviewees asked simply t o p o s i t i o n themselves on a graduated scale .from 1 = l e f t t o 10 = r i g h t . See Eurobarometer No 24, December 1985, pp. 46-48.
- 12 -
Let us look f i r s t a t France. The sat isfact ion ra t i ng rose from 2.28 before the elect ions (October 1985) t o 2.48 a f t e r then, an increase o f 9%. The increase was most marked among interviewees who placed themselves on the r i g h t o r extreme r i g h t o f the p o l i t i c a l spectrum and was much greater than among those placing themselves i n the centre (o r refusing t o specify). But the in te res t ing feature which emerges i s tha t sa t i s fac t ion has decl ined only s l i g h t l y on the l e f t ; even on the extreme l e f t i t i s more than o f f se t by the increase i n sat is fact ion on the extreme r i gh t .
Dissat isfact ion i s not iceably less on the l e f t and extreme l e f t but also, t o a smaller extent, i n the centre, on the r i g h t and even on the extreme r igh t ; the boundary d i v i d i ng d issa t i s fac t ion and sa t i s fac t ion has actual l y been crossed i n these three Ideological camps.
(See Table 7 and Graph 1 )
The trend i s even more "consensual' i n Portugal.
1.3 BASIC ATTITUDE TO SOCIAL CHANGE
An ind ica to r a f a t t i t u d e t o social change i s compiled from answers t o a question requ i r ing a choice between three basic options: revolut ion, reform o r strenous defence o f the ex is t ing social order.
As f indings over the l a s t f i f t e e n years have shown t h i s ind ica to r t o be very stable, pa r t i cu la r a t tent ion should be paid t o var iat ions.
The only s i gn i f i can t va r i a t i on since the previous survey i s the increase i n "defensive" rep l ies i n I t a l y and, s t i l l more so, i n Ireland. This doubtless r e f l e c t s increased publ ic concern i n both countr ies a t the resurgence o f ter ror ism a t home o r i n neighbouring countries. I
(See Tables 8 and 9 and Table A4 i n the Appendix)
- 13 -
TABLE 7
TREND I N SATISFACTION WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORKS
BETWEEN AUTUMN 1985 AND SPRING 1986
I N FRANCE AND PORTUGAL
RELATED TO POSITION ON LEFT-RIGHT SPECTRUM^
I Ext rem I l e f t
I- x I F R A N C E
8-28 October 1985
Very sa t is f i ed F a l r l y sa t is f i ed Not very satlsf led Not a t a l l sat is f led
Don't know
Tata l
Index
N
2
31 March - 25 Apr11 1986
Very sat ls f ied F a i r l y sa t is f j ed Not very sa t is f i ed Not a t a l l sa t l s f l ed
Don't know 2 Index
Total
N
I I
I 47 I 26 I 11
I 7
6
100
2.51
86
-TJ7z -üh-
l I I
53 I 35 9 1 3
23 I 35 10 I 16
I I 4 3 1 4 31 I 52 \ 47 28 I 29 I 29 29 I 11 I 10
Right I Extreme I Not spe- r lght c i f led
% I % -+- I
I I I I ' I I
2 1 - I 1 26 I 20 1 28 42 I 38 I 27 24 I 35 I 16 6 1 7 1 2 8
100 100 100 I I
2.05
191
7 46 27 9 11
100
2.59
204
1.83 2.18
3 42 32 9 14
100
2.46
52
1 34 25 10 30
100
2.37
120
A l 1
%
3 36 33 18 10
100
2.28
1007
--
--
4 45 28 11 12
100
2.48
1003
Measured on a graduated scale from 1 = left to 10 = right; results have been split into five groups plus one for the "don't knows".
' "Very satisfied" = 4, "not a t all satisfied" = 1; "don't knows" excluded.
- 14 -
Extreme Left
TABLE 7 (contd. 1 TREND I N SATISFACTION WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORKS
BETWEEN AUTUMN 1985 AND SPRING 1986
I N FRANCE AND PORTUGAL
RELATED TO POSITION ON LEFT-RIGHT SPECTRUM^
Centre Right Extreme Not spe- A l 1 I r lght I c i f ied I
Very satisfied Fa l r ly satisfied Not very satisfied Not a t a l l satisflcd
Don't know
Total '
Index
N
2
l+-t- ; 1 % I % I % l x I %
21 March - 14 April 1986
6 1 4
100 100
1.83. 1.99
46 165
e 5 12 I 29 13 I 100 100 100 loo ! 100 -;
. 2.22 2.39 2-44 2.15 2.19
314 149 75 251 1001
Don't know 2 Index
Tota 1
N
,
11 9 9 1 7 7 ( 2 7 1 1 3 {
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2-17 2.47 2.51 2.67 2.57 2-54 2.52
46 167 371 156 58 202 1000
Measured on a graduated scale from 1 = l e f t t o 10 = right; results have been s p l i t i n t o f i v e groups plus one f o r the "don't knows".
* "Very satisfied" = 4, "not a t a l l sat is f jed ' = 1; "don't knows" excluded.
- 15 -
G r a p h 1
SATISFACTION WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORKS RELATED TO P O L I T I C A L IDEOLOGY ( 1985- 1986 )
F R A N C E
Graph 1. (contd . )
S A T I S F A C T I O N WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORKS RELATED TO- P O L I T I C A L IDEOLOGY
( 1985- 19861
P O R T U G A L
- 17 -
TABLE a
U
U CI O CI W
o o l - h W N w W o,
W
U m o W
N O m m W o
2 ol: U N W
m m N
U ' o m m - 2
W W aD (Y "1: U W o . a D m W N
n o N - 0 m o
- N O o "I U W N O 0 s W o
----------- h 3 - a
W N H W m W
I
u c 9
al.
S E al 0,
9 L Y * Lo
c 9
v)
c
n E Y
c ..L o)
t
U a
U E
..- c -
cu
U al c,
f Y . c
Pl
Y u c 9 CI
O c
uv oal Y I >
O L L
d P . C
c 9 c,
O c c B
E O O
February-March 19704 Revol u t i onary ac t l o n Reforms Defence aga i n s t subversion
October-Novcmber 1981 Revol utlonary act i on Refonns Defence agalnst subversion
October I983 Revol u t ionary ac t l o n Reforms Defence against subversion
March-April 1984 Revolutionary act ion Reforms Defence aga i n s t subvers l on
October-November 1984 Revol u t ionary ac t l o n Reforna Defence against subversion
March-Aprll 1985 Revol utionary act ion Reforms Defence aga 1 ns t subvers l on
October-November 1985 Revolutionary act lon Reforms Defence agalnst subversion
Harch-Awl1 1986 Revol u t lonary act i on Ref orms Defence against subversion
B
t;
BASIC ATTITUDE TO SOCIAL CHANGE (Per 100 actually replying)' .-
OK O F I R 1
x 2 2 2
16 1 :
I
1. 2, 3, 4 and 5: See footnotes on p. 20.
22 I 13 I I
21 40 60 27 30
23 36 54 23 25
27 33 35 23 25
22 I 35 I 3s
I I 28 30
23 I 32 40 I 25 21
CHAPTER I I
A PEOPLE'S EUROPE
- 20 -
I I
A PEOPLE'S EUROPE
On a number of occasions i n the past few years the Heads of S t a t e or Government of the Member States of the European Community have stressed the need t o fulf i l the expectations of the peoples of Europe by adopt ing measures t o strengthen the Conunity's identity and pub1 ic image.
6 and again this spring w i t h questions on:
This subject was investigated in b o t h Eurobarometer surveys in 1985,
- a single large European market by 1992; - the Channel tunnel; - trust between peoples.
11.1 A SINGLE EUROPEAN AREA BY 1992
In February representatives of the twelve Comnunity countries signed an agreement on the gradual establishment of an international European market comprising "an area w i t h o u t frontiers i n which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capi ta l i s ensured'' by the end o f 1992.
The people of Denmark have already voted i n favour i n a referendum. I t seemed a good idea t o use Eurobarometer t o p u t the question - i n simple terms - t o the European pub l i c i n general.
This agreement is currently being ratified.
"Laf i 06 thing& AU have t o be done t o make .¿t m i m doh people and goods .to move about m o m d're& among ~e counfhied 0 4 t h e Emopean Commwztty. Some counOÚe6 cocu2.t t o Apeed th& up, o t h m hesi-tate OJL me against. W f m Z do you tfúnk about t h e i d e a X f u Z i n 5 OJL 6 y-' ZÚne, peopte, goods, senvice6 and caml can 6hed.g move abod 011 mound the counthied 06 fhe Community a 2hey do in6ide one counttry at $he moment?"
All figures i n this table are percentages of the t o t a l number of persons interviewed. t
Weighted average. Including Spain and Portugal from October-November 1985. In 1970: "by intelligent reforms". European Values Systems Survey. See Eurobarometer No 23, June 1985, pp. 9-19, and Eurobarometer No 24, December 1985 , pp. 53-61. See note 1 on page 21.
- 21 -
The vast m a j o r i t y o f those questioned - on average more than three o u t of four i n the Community as a whole - are i n favour o f freedom o f movement w i t h i n a European area w i thout f r o n t i e r s . i n Portugal and Spain and s l i g h t l y weaker i n Denmark and the United King- dom but there can be no mistak ing the general trend.
More encouraging s t i l 1, i f these r e s u l t s a re expressed as they would be i n the case o f a referendum - disregarding the " don ' t knows" - the s i n g l e l a rge European market would gain over 80% o f the vote i n the Community as a whole and a l a rge m a j o r i t y i n each country.
Support i s s l i g h t l y s t ronger
(See Table 10)
11.2 THE CHANNEL TUNNEL
This long-standing p r o j e c t - f i r s t mooted over two centur ies ago - i s once again i n t he pub l i c eye. On 20 January i n L i l l e the B r i t i s h Prime M i n i s t e r and the French President signed an Anglo-French Agreement on a p lan f o r a r a i l tunnel under the Channel.
The p r o j e c t i s important no t on l y because o f the technical challenges i t presents, the investment required, and i t s imp l ica t ions f o r t rade 3
patterns, bu t a l s o because o f i t s s mbolic value: the establishment o f a f i x e d and i r revocab le l i n k between +-ma- ng an an cont inenta l Europe.
What do Europeans t h i n k about i t? Eurobarometer asked them the f o l lowing question:
The quest ion r e f l e c t s the wording used i n the European Commission's o r i g i n a l proposal, which was n o t adopted by the Member States' repre- sentat ives. t e x t , i t makes the p u b l i c ' s r e p l i e s t o our quest ion a l l the more i n t e r e s t i ng.
The actual p r i n c i p l e o f t h e s i n g l e European market received much greater support i n Denmark than seemed l i k e l y from the r e s u l t s o f the February referendum. Provided the comparison i s accepted as va l i d , t h i s d i f f e rence could be explained by the f a c t t h a t the subject o f the referendum was broader and more p o l i t i c a l . But i t i s a l so possib le t h a t the r e p l i e s c o l l e c t e d by the Eurobarometer between 20 and 30 March had been inf luenced by the v i c t o r y o f t h e 'Yes' vote i n the referendum on 27 February.
Both more prec ise and more emotive, than the deput ive
Yes No
Ref erendum 56% 44 -
Tota l T;o'iG - m e n t i o n s ) 'm)
Eurobarometer 67%
FOR OR AGAINST A SINGLE EUROPEAN AREA
8
I x 1. Of those lntervlewed
Agree completely , h g m t o s m extent
Dlsagne, t o sakn extent Disagrece completely
Don't know
I Total
Index'
M O F I R 1 I L WL UK GR EC10 E P (1)
x x % % x x x x % I x x 2
2. O f those rcplylnp Agree completely Agree t o some extent Dlsagree, t o s o m extent DItagreee congletely
12
100
3.39
I Total
10 8 4 19 8 3 7 8 22 8 17 12
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2.84 3.26 3.25 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.34 2.83 3.43 3.19 3.62 3.66
3 16 3 6 3 5 5
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
43 I
6 I3 6 6 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100
I
I h, h,
Yelghted average.
'Agree canpletely' = 4, 'dlsagree conpletely" = 1; "don't knows" excluded.
- 23 -
"The W h and fitench Goveltnmet~t2 have a g m e d t o bLLied,
Vo you $hink Xthat b u n g Xtkib b m e e n now and 1990, a a g M n e t u n d m t h e Channel U k i n g t h e &o coun.O~Les. t u n n e t a good t k i n g , a bad, $king, OIL n e i t h e x good nok bad?"
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~
The rep l ies are in te res t ing on several counts.
F i r s t l y , people are w i l l i n g t o discuss the topic: there were few "don't knows':, except i n Greece, Spain and Portugal, which are r e l a t i v e l y remote from the Channel, and - more surpr is ing ly - i n Denmark and Ireland.
Secondly, i n most countries - w i th one exception - there seems t o be l i t t l e opposition t o the idea. Opinion i s d iv ided between the major i ty view tha t i t i s 'Ia good th ing" and the view tha t i t i s "nei ther good nor bad". The exception i s the United Kingdom, where 46% o f those questionef thought i t would be "a bad thing" against 31% who supported the project .
(See fable 11)
Who are the Br i tons most opposed t o the bu i ld ing of a f ixed l i n k between t h e i r is land and the continent o f Europe? They tend t o be women ra ther than men, o lder rather than younger and p o l i t i c a l l y on the f a r l e f t o r the f a r r i g h t (altogether 8% o f the sample). However, opinion on the tunnel correlates most strongly w i th a t t i t ude towards the European Community. O f the Br i tons who consider t h e i r country's membership o f the Community ''a good th ing" (37%), most are i n favour of the tunnel; o f those who regard membership as "a bad th ing" (29%), a large major i ty i s against.
Clearly, the problem goes deeper than the temporary procedural d i f f i - cu l t i es facing the Channel Tunnel B i l l : the h o s t i l i t y of a section o f B r i t i s h publ ic opinion ( including some who do not - o r no longer - regard withdrawal as a p o s s i b i l i t y ) t o the bu i ld ing o f a f i xed l i n k between England and the continent o f Europe w i th a l l t h i s involved i n material and symbolic terms.
(See Table 12)
The Gallup I n s t i t u t e of London asked a s im i la r question i n Great B r i t a i n j u s t a f te r the agreement was signed:
"Vo you suppod oh oppode t h e brcteding 06 a mi2 .íunn& fink betGveen M . W n and F/tance?"
Support Oppose Don't know
36% 51 13
c f . Gallup P o l i t i c a l Index, No 306, February 1986, p. 31. '
- 24 -
TABLE 11
U x 0,
m @ Y ol - 8 L o , W C > - a æ
CI O u w C I O æ o o l o , c
I
- 2s -
TABLE 12
THE CHANNEL TUNNEL: WHAT THE BR IT ISH THINK
OVERALL
B y sex Men Women
B y age group 15- 24 25-39 40-54 55 o r over
2 B y p o l i t i c a l views Extreme l e f t Le f t Centre Right Extreme r i g h t
B y a t t i t u d e towards the turopean Comuni ty
A good t h i ng Nei ther good nor bad A bad t h i ng
\ good :hing
- 31%
36% 27
40% 35 30 22
27% 32 31 31 28
4 3% 26 18
(e i thel jood
19%
17% 20
19% 21 16 18
16% 27 17 15 12
19% 26 11
A bad t h i ng nor bad
46%
4 3% 50
38% 40 50 56
52% 39 48 50 60
33% 45 69
Don't know
4%
4% 3
3% 4 4 4
5% 2 4 4
4% 3 2
Total
100%
100% 100
100% 100 100 100
100% 100 100 100 100
100% 100 100
Index
1.84
1.92 1.76
2.02 1.95 1.80 1.64
1.74 1.93 1.82 1.80 1.67
2.10 1.81 1.48
1379
6 64 715
2 70 401 2 60 443
45 225 610 279 71
5 16 386 395
"A good th ing" = 3, "a bad th ing" = 1; "don' t knows" excluded.
See p. 11 f o r the const ruct ion o f t h i s var iable.
- Zh -
111.3 TRUST BETWEEN PEOPLES
I f we " t r u s t someone", we expect t ha t person t o behave favourably towards us i n doubtful s i tuat ions. I f we d i s t r u s t someone, on the other hand, we view t h e i r intent ions towards us w i t h suspicion.
To be regarded by others as trustworthy i s t o enjoy a ce r ta in prest ige, not t o be suspected o f ill i n t e n t from the outset.
It has long been recognized t ha t mutual t r u s t plays an important r o l e i n in te rna t iona l re la t ions. Trust o r d i s t r u s t predisposes one nat ion t o i n t e r p r e t the act ions o f another as f r i e n d l y o r threatening. importance o f a f e e l i n g o f t r u s t i n the l i f e o f a Comnunity which has grown from the o r i g i n a l s i x t o include f r s t nine, then ten and now twelve Western European nations.
Hence the
A quesfion of t h i s subject was asked and 1982. countr ies o f the European Community.
I n spr ing 1986, i t was asked n 1970, and again i n 1976, 1980 fo r the f i r s t time i n a l l twelve
"Now, 7 mued t i b e .to ask about how much you wouÆd -2 p e o p l e $trom di$$ment counthies. say wheAhen, i n y o u o p i n i o n , they me .¿n g e n d v a y m Z w o / t t h y , m.fuK))ttcLy, nat pahticd&ty &UZ- wo/Ltfy, on not at a& .tRU6;dl)Ouhy".
Fon each cowzt/ry pleabe
We sha l l examine i n t u r n the rep l ies concerning t r u s t i n the peoples o f the other Community countr ies, then t r u s t i n a number o f peoples out- side the Comnunity (the Swiss, Turks, Americans, Japanese, Chinese and Russians).
As i n 1976 and 1980 the same question also re fer red t o the l eve l o f t r u s t i n one's own people. A t h i r d sect ion w i l l deal w i th t h i s question.
2 111.3.1 Trust between the peoples of the Community
As might have been expected, some peoples are be t te r known t o t h e i r Comnunity partners than others; t h i s f ac to r i s measured here by the number of actual repl ies. Not surpr is ing ly , people are more ready t o express opinions on the B r i t i sh , Germans, French, Spanish o r I t a l i a n s than, say, on the Luxembourgers. of ten re fer red t o i n the press and on rad io and te lev is ion, and have
The "major" countr ies are more o f ten v i s i ted , more
The acutual question was the same i n each survey but the number o f countr ies i n which the questions were asked o r t o which they re fer red was d i f f e ren t i n each case.
countr ies i n which the survey was conducted, and "peoples" f o r those the question i s about. With in the Community, o f course, each country and each people are both subject and ob ject o f the survey.
* We sha l l keep s t r i c t l y t o the terms "countr ies" f o r the Community
- 27 -
played a more prominent historical role (for good or i l l ) ; consequently their peoples are more "visible" t o p u b l i c op in ion i n other countries.
I t is one t h i n g t o be well-known and quite another t o be regarded a s trustworthy. Indeed, the findings of the countries and peoples o f the Comunity would suggest the relat ionship between the two variables is actually negative. The better-known the people of a country are, i.e. the more interviewees are inclined t o express an opinion on them, the less trustworthy they are fe l t t o be. The peoples w i t h a prominent role i n history and in current affairs are viewed, i f not w i t h distrust, a t least w i t h less trust.
Table 13 below shows the extent t o which interviewees i n the twelve countries trust each of the peoples of the other Comunity countries.
In the lead, with almost the same score, are the peoples of the four "small" countries: the Danes, the Dutch , the Luxembourgers and the Bel gians.
The second group i s made up of the Germans, followed - a t some distance - by the Irish, the French and the British.
The t h i r d group consists of the four peoples of southern Europe: the Spanish, the Greeks, the Portuguese and the Italians.
(See Table 13)
1. changes are:
For the nine Community countries in 1976, the only s ign i f i can t
- increased trust i n the Irish, whose score has risen from -.16 in 1976 t o +.17 i n 1980 and 1986; this posit ive trend is probably due t o the f ac t t h a t i n 1976 the questionnaire d i d not specify "Irish (Republic of Ireland)", so t ha t confusion was possible w i t h Northern Ireland and an association was probably made w i t h the troubles affecting t h a t region;
- less mistrust of the Italians, whose score has risen from -.32 t o -.24 and - . O Z ; i n other words, attitudes towards the Italians have virtually reached the po in t of balance between trust and mistrust.
In short, over the last ten years mutual trust between the peoples of the nine countries fo r which a comparison is possible has remained remarkably stable, w i t h a slight upward trend.
(See Table 14)
- 28 - 1
TABLE 13
TRUST IN THE PEOPLES OF THE OTHER COMMUNITY CO UNT RI ES^ _(Conmunity of Twelve as a whole: weighted average1
Danes Dutch Luxembourgers Bel gians Germans Irish French British Span ish Greeks Portuguese Italians
Very trust- worthy
14% 15 11 10 15 9 12 11 7 8 8 8
Fairly trust- worthy
38% 41 39 42 40 33 37 30 38 31 30 34
Not very t,ru s t - worthy
10% 11 10 13 15 18 21 23 26 21 20 28
Not a t a l 1 trust- worthy
4% 4 4 5 11 9
11 11 9 10 11 10
Don t know
34% 29 36 30 19 31 19 17 20 30 31 20
Total
100% 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 O0
2 Index
.59
.56
.54
.46
.32
.17
.15
.15
.08
.06
.04
.03
The peoples are ranked here in descending order o f their scores on the index of trustworthiness.
The index i s arrived a t using the formula: I =
t o t a l of weighted positive replies ("very trustworthy'' = 2, and " f a i r l y trustworthy" = l), and B is the total of weighted negative re lies ("not very trustworthy" = 1, and "not trustworthy a t all" = 2p. Scores on the index range from -1.00 t o tl.00.
- G+B
, where G is the
- 20 -
Danes m 1980 1986
Dutch m 1980 1986
1980 1986
1980 1986
Germans r976 1980 1986
I r i s h T4m 1980 1986
1980 1986
B r i t i s h r976 1980 1986
1980 1986
TABLE 14
TRUST I N THE PEOPLES OF THE COMMUNITY TREND FROM 1976 TO 1986
(Community o f Nine: weighted average)
Very t r u s t - worthy
13% 17 14
16 19 15
11 15 11
10 14 10
14 18 15
6 10 8
8 13 10
8 13 11
3 5 6
F a i r l y t r u s t - worthy
42% 42 42
44 43 45
42 42 43
47 47 46
43 43 45
29 35 37
40 40 41
42 47 43
29 32 37
Not very t r u s t - worthy
~ ~~~
10% 10 10
11 12 11
10 11 9
13 14 13
18 17 16
24 19 19
26 23 23
29 22 25
35 31 30
Not a t al 1 t r u s t - worthy
4% 3 3
4 5
, 4
4 3 4
4 4 5
12 11 10
16 10 9
11 13 10
9 8 9
18 18 10
Don I t know
31% 28 31
25 21 25
33 29 33
26 21 26
13 11 14
25 26 27
15 11 16
12 10 12
15 14 17
T o t a l
-
100% 100 1 O0
1 O0 100 100
100 100 1 O0
1 O0 100 100
100 100 1 O0
1 O0 100 1 O0
100 100 1 O0
1 O0 100 100
100 100 100
Index '
.59
.63
.63
.58
.59
.59
.56
.61
.59
.50
.54
.51
.27
.34
.34
-.16 .17 .17
. o9
.15
.20
.ll
.32
.21
-.32 -.24 -.02
See foo tnote t o Table 13.
- 30 -
2. only i n the 1980 and 1986 surveys : the level of trust i n the Spanish, Greeks and Portuguese, although low, i s quite stable.
No significant trend is discernible for the three peoples covered
(See Table 15)
TABLE 15
TRUST IN THE SPANISH, GREEKS AND PORTUGUESE: TREND FROM 1980 TO 1986
(Comnunity of Ten: weighted average).
w 1986
Greeks 1980
1986
1986
Very trust- worthy
6% 8
6 7
16 7
:airly trust- vort hy
35% 38
32 33
22 31 --
Not very trust- wort hy
30% 26
24 22
10 20
Not a t al 1 trust- worthy
12% 9
11 10
16 11
Don ' t know
~~
17% 19
27 28
36 31
Total
100% 100
100 100
100 100
--.
2 Index
-.O8 .O8
-.o2 .O4
.14
.O4
Here we see emerging an overall structure marked by a h i g h degree of trust i n the peoples of the "small" countries of northern Europe and a low level of trust i n southern Europeans, w i t h the others lying between the two groups b u t closer t o the second t h a n t o the f i r s t .
reflecting the stereotyped view o f southerners by northerners. problem i s more complex, as we shall see when we look i n detail a t the bilateral assessments.
I t would be tempting t o imagine t h a t this was a conflict of cultures, B u t the
The autumn 1980 survey was carried out i n Greece ahead of accession. The Spanish and Portuguese were already included among the peoples being judged.
The index is arrived a t u s i n g the formula: I =
total o f weighted positive replies ("very trustworthy" = 2, and " fair ly trustworthy" = l ) , and B is the total of weighted negative re l ies ("not very trustworthy" = 1, and "not trustworthy a t a l l" = 2f. Scores on the index range from -1.00 t o +1.00.
- m , where G is the
I t i s n o t simply t h a t northerners a re prejudiced against southerners; the southerners themselves are also suspicious of one other.
Table 16 gives the fndex of trustworthiness for the four southern peoples as they are seen by each of the twelve countries where the 1986 survey was carried out.
(See Table 16)
As we can see, the average index o f trustworthiness accorded t o the peoples of the south by the countries of the n o r t h and centre (+.ll) i s virtually the same as t h a t accorded by the southern countries (t.07).
Denmark and the Netherlands are the countries most inclined t o trust the peoples of the south; they express a greater degree of confidence i n southerners t h a n do the individual peoples of the south in their brothers and cousins.
The people of the south who ob t a in the highest trustworthiness score from the other countries, notably Denmark, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, are the Portuguese (+.21).
The Spanish, closely followed by the Italians, are more highly trusted by their fellow southerners t h a n are the Portuguese and Greeks.
* * *
All these findings. when compared with those o f 1980, show a hiqh degree o f stability; w i t h - as we pave already seen - a-slight qrowth i n trust between Community countries.
T h i s improvement i s very slow. I t i s quite understandable t h a t such stereotypes, w h i c h are deeply rooted i n national culture, cannot be changed overnight; indeed, we may well have t o wait u n t i l one or more generations have shared a comnon destiny before there i s any significant a l teration.
The basically positive long-term trend can be illustrated by the six Community countries asked i n 1970 how much they trusted the Germans, the French, the Italians and the British.
The f i r s t three were among the founders o f the Community i n the f i f t ies ; the trust of the other founder members i n each of them has increased markedly. problems; trust i n i t i s not so firmly based.
(See Table 17)
The four th joined later (1973), and not w i t h o u t
More detailed analysis shows t h a t the most remarkable development between 1970 and 1986 i s the increase in trust between France and Germany.
(See Table 18)
See Trust between nations: Timordial ties, societal leaning and econo- mic development, a study by onald Inglehart and J - . Rabier (Ann Arbor, Brussels 1984), and i n part icular Table 2 theFeof.
TRUST IN THE PEOPLES OF SOUTHERN EUROPE BY THEIR COMMUNITY PARTNERSI (1986)
Index o f t r u s t in : - I t a l i a n s - Greeks - Spanish
- Portuguese
Average ( 2 )
Northern and centra? Comuni ty countries I I Southern Comnunity countries I
-i
r i
I m w
h, -. OI
For the ca lculat ion o f the index, see footnote t o Table 1.3. Ari thmetical averages, ca lculated from scores t o three decimal places.
- 33 -
-- - F a i r l y Not very
t r u s t - t r u s t - t r u s t - worthy worthy worthy
26% 50 23
1980 11 49 22 1986 15 56 15
Trust i n --I- the Germans V - T 9% 9 39%
Trust i n the f rench by t t ; 7 w m a n 7
48 27 1976 11 45 31 1980 22 45 20 1986 18 48 21
TABLE 17 TRUST I N THE GERMANS, BRIT ISH, FRENCH AND ITALIANS
BY THE S I X FOUNDER MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY 1
--- Not a t Don't a l l know Tota l t r u s t - worthy - ---
17% 9% 100 9 9 100
100 8 10 8 6 100
8 7 100 9 4 100 7 6 1 O0 5 8 1 O0
TREND FROM 1970 TO 1986' ---------
Germans 1970 1976 1980 1986
French 19fo 1976 1980 1986
I t a 1 ians -mo-- 1976 1980 1986
B r i t i s h 19fo 1976 1980 1986
Very t r u s t - worthy
10% 14 17 14
8 10 16 13
3 3 5 6
12 8 13 11
:ai r l y :rust- torthy
35% 43 44 48
44 40 46 46
28 28 30 38
49 41 46 43
-- llot very :rust- rorthy
25% 19 20 18
28 29 23 23
37 40 36 36
21 30 23 26
-- Not a t a l 1 t r u s t - worthy
2 1% 13 11 11
10 9 7 7 8
22 20 19 11
9 9 8 9
Don't know
-- 9% 11 8 9
10 12 8 11
10 9 10 9
9 12 10 11
-- Total
100% 100 1 O0 100
1 O0 100 1 O0 100
100, 100 1 O0 100
1 O0 100 100 1 O0
TABLE 18 TRUST BETWEEN THE GERMANS AND THE FRENCH
TREND FROM 1970 TO 1986
2 Index
- . lo .22 .32 .31
.ll
.10
.35
.31
- .41 -.40 -.30 -.05
.30 . o9
.30
.19
--- 2 Index
---cp
-.03 .25 .29 .47
.23
.15
.45
.45
Weighted average o f r e p l i e s i n the s i x founder members, excluding r e p l i e s r e l a t i n g t o the interviewee's own people. See footnote t o Table 13.
- 24 -
A detailed overall picture o f the trust between the peoples of the European Community i n March and Apr i l 1980 is given i n Table 19.
(See Table 19)'
11.3.2 Trust i n the Swiss, Turks, _I Americans, Japanese, Chinese and Ru ss i ans
A question has been asked since 1970 on the Swiss (as a "fortunate people" and a "model democracy"), the Americans. (United States) , the Russians (Soviet Union) and the Chinese. and the Turks i n 1986.
The Japanese were added i n 1980
2 Following the same pattern as for trust i n the peoples of the Community, we shall examine the 1986 replies, then the trend since 1970.
The "don ' t knows" are abous as frequent as fo r the peoples of the Community (approximately 25%) . They range from 17% for the Americans t o around 30% for the Turks and the Chinese.
As might have been expected, the feeling of trust i s distributed very unevenly, much more so t h a n i n the case of the peoples o f the Comnunity.
The Swiss enjoy the greatest degree of trust. Switzerland could probably be sa id t o be the archetypal "trustworthy" country. Geographi- cally small and militarily neutral, i t poses no threat; i t s international image i s probably one of peacefulness, sheltered from the dangers which threaten the rest of the world.
T r a i l i n g some way behind the Swiss are the Americans and the Japanese, whose trustworthiness index is more o r less the same a s the average accorded by the Community countries to one other: they are regarded as fairly trustworthy.
The Chinese, too, are given a positive score, admittedly not a very h i g h one b u t no lower t h a n the one accorded t o the southern peoples of the Communi ty.
For detailed comparisons w i t h earlier results, see La confiance mutuelle entre les euples: un indicateur de 1 :intégration europeenne?, d - ~ o ~ i n g pa <ë~õ~>ïië~omi s s i on õmrGëäii-tomnun i ti es (8russels, March 1977) and Eurobarometer No 14, December 1980, pp. 38'-56.
The question on the Americans, Japanese, Chinese and Russians was a l s o asked i n March-April 1982.
See Table 13 above.
-
TRUST BETWEEN THE PEOPLES OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY~ (March-April 1986)
Don't know 10 27 6 43 10 7 11 25 26
Index 3
I
i I I I I
I I
I
I I I
I
I
I I I
1
33 36 18
8 F IR1 1 1 c 1 WL P EC 12
I .47 .BO .47 .27 .O8 .23 .55 .39 .O7 .27 24
Belgians Very trustworthy Fai rl y trustworthy Not very 'trustworthy Not a t a l l trustworthy
Don't know 3 Index
.32
Danes - Very trustworthy Falr ly trustworthy Not very trustworthy Not a t al l trvstworthy
Don't know
Index3
Q,nuins Very trustworthy Fairly trustworthy Not very trustworthy Not a t al l trustworthy
54 14 10 62 13 44 60 46 30 i 43
.91 .40 .75 -58 -.O3 .21 .84 .60 .29 .34 .30 .46
. .
I -I
r m w VI
... I . ..
TRUST BETWEEN THE PEOPLES OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY' (Ma rc h- A pr i 1 1986 )
L
French - Very trustwort hy Fal r l y trustworthy Not very trustworthy Not a t al l trustworthy
Oon't knar
I ndeX3
1
NL UK 6R f P l
I r l s h -y trustworthy
Fafrly trustworthy Not very trustworthy .
Not a t a l l trustworthy Don't knor
3 Index
% I 3 % I % I X I X I
13
.42
40 8 45 12
.u .45 .36 .10
9
e 2 7
I
I W 9
19 24 42 27 32
-42 -.I7 .52 -.21 .57
27
-44
53 I5 I 26 45
.7l .18 .40 - e 3 0
ce -10
36 20 63 46 46
.17 .O8 e49 -15 e17
Oon't know '3 Index
12 40 8 7 51
. O6 .O5 -.Ol -e13 -13
8
. O0
23 31 28 34 37
.OC .10 -.11 .34 .16
TRUST BETWEEN THE PEOPLES OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY~
e OK 0 F IRL I
(March-April 1986)
L .
1 5 1 3 2 ) 8 1 9
.53 .a2 .39 I .13
1 I I I
I 1 I
I
I
I l
i
i ! !
I
I I I
19 I 16 I 31
. o9 1
.52 I - . la I
Luxembourgers Very trustworthy Fa i r l y trustworthy Not very trustworthy Not a t a l l trustworthy
Don't know 3 Index
-. 19
Dutch T y trustworthy
Fa i r l y trustworthy Not very trustworthy Not a t a l l trustworthy
Don't know 3 Index
.35 .15
Br i t i sh - Very trustworthy Fal r l y trustworthy Not very trustworthy
Not a t a l l trustworthy Don't know
3 Index
I I I s l X I x i X I x
I x i
I I I I I I I I I I
2 7 ~ 1 2 1 1 3 1 L 5 / 5 1 3 56 I 29 I 55 I 59 I 23 1 24
6 1 2 1 1 4 1 6 1 3 1 1 7 2 1 . I 4 1 2 1 2 1 9
47
-85 .92 .56 .82 .60 -.O6
. 18 i 67
. 9 1 5 7 . 14
I I I I I 1 6 1 2 1 ( 2 0 ) 1 1 ( 8 1 7 51 I '= ' C l i 5' I 27 I 36 1 4 1 2 j 1 5 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 6
9 1 1 1 5 1 3 1 3 1 6 10 I 4 1 I 9 I 24 I 58 35
.45 .93 .57 .63 .65 .27
I I I I
NL UR GR I I
X I x } x I I l I
47 I 33 I 12 2 1 3 1 5 1 1 2 1 7
2 3 1 7 1 9
I I
E P EC 12
! I
I I I I
1 3 1 6 1 1 1 1 18 I 31 1 39 I 10 I 10 I 10 I
7 1 7 1 b l q5j-q Id W
I- I I 1 -
12 I io i 11 I
... f . . .
Greks - Very trustworthy F a i r l y trustworthy Not very trustworthy ht a t a l l trustworthy
Don't know
index3
8
3
Faf r l y trustworthy Not very t rus tmr thy Not a t a l l trustworthy
Don't know
~~d
On O F IR1 I 1 IYL UK 6R E P EC12 (2)
t x t X I x x t 3 % I t t t
Portuquese Very trustworthy F a l r l y trushrorthy Not very trustworthy Not a t a l l trustworthy
Don't k m
Index'
23 51 13 25 61 29 45 38 40 46
-. 17 .44 .O6 -12 -.O9 -.15 .O6 .37 .o7 .23 1
I
46 30
.Ol .O6
A l l f i g u n s I n t h i s tab le are percentages of the t o t a l nuher o f persons interviewed.
b i g h t e d average.
(See footnote t o T a b b 13). ' 'Very trustworthy' t2, ' f a i r l y trustworthy* = +1, 'not very trustworthy" = -1, "not a t a l l trustworthy" = -2;
18 42 10 7 49 19 27 23 31 50
.10 .30 -22 .o2 .17 .14 .O3 .12 -.I7 .26
26 20
.10 . O8
25 61 16 I I l 64 37 15 40 48 62 36
.O3 -53 -.O4 .ll -22 -.36 -.O2 -41 .45 .20 -.o2
31
. O4
- 39 -
Very t rus t- worthy
The predominant fee l ing towards the Russians i s one o f mistrust ; t h i s fee l ing i s s t i l l more pronounced i n the case of the Turks, who have been unpopular i n Europe for over a thousand years.
(See Table 20)
TABLE 20
F a i r l y t r us t - worthy
TRUST I N THE SWISS, TURKS, AMERICANS, JAPANESE, CHINESE AND RUSSIANS (Comuni t y o f Twelve: weighted averaqe)
Not a t a l 1 t r us t - worthy
4% .
11 10 14 23 26
Swiss Americans Japanese Chinese Russ i a ns Turks
Don't know
23% 17 27 30 25 31
22% 14 14 a 7 4
43% 40 33 30 22 ia
- ~~
Not very t r us t - worthy
8% ia
ia 16
23 21
Without going i n t o too much de ta i l , differences i n outlook between the ind iv idua l Member States and i n the degree o f t r u s t i n each o f these s i x non-Comnunity peoples are fair ly marked.
The only people t o enjoy a very broad consensus are the Swiss; they are t rus ted i n a l l Comnunity countries, especial ly i n Denmark, the Nether- lands and the United Kingdom. Of the three countr ies wi th a comnon f r o n t i e r and a shared cu l ture with the Swiss, I t a l y stands out as t r us t i ng them less than do Germany and France.
Feelings towards the Turks, the Russians, the Americans and the Japanese are more varied. For example:
- the Turks are t rusted less i n Greece and I t a l y than elsewhere i n the Comuni ty;
- suspicions o f the Russians are less prominent i n the Netherlands, Denmark and Spain - where there was a h igh proport ion o f "don't knows" - than i n the other countries; Greece i s the only Comnunity country t o express a generally favourable view o f the Russians;
- t r u s t i n the Americans i s s l i g h t l y greater i n I re land than elsewhere; i n 'Spain and Greece, however, t h e i r r a t i n g i s negative;
- the Japanese seem t o be viewed w i t h ind i f ference i n Denmark; however one Dane i n two who rep l ied expressed a h igh degree of t r u s t i n them.
See footnote t o Table 13,
-40-
The Chinese are a special case. As we have seen, trust and mistrust are evenly balanced i n the Comnunity as a whole, b u t there are marked differences from one country t o another:
- feelings of trust towards the Chinese are expressed in Denmark (al though w i t h 55% "don' t knows"), the United Kingdom, the Nether- lands, Greece and Spain;
- all the other countries tend t o mistrust them.
(See Table 21)
These attitudes are relatively stable, as we can see from the trend i n replies i n the nine countries where the question was asked as early as 1976.
Mistrust of the Russians has declined significantly, probably reflecting the improvement i n their world image, albeit relative, after Mr Gorbachev came t o power i n March 1985.
The most spectacular development, however, i s the decline i n mistrust of the Chinese. over the last few years has earned i t the trust of other countries.
The apparent opening up of China t o the outside world
(See Table 22)
An analysis of trends going back t o 1970 (and therefore limited t o the six founder countries of the Community) confirms more recent findings as well as revealing an aspect which had not emerged clearly hitherto: a certain erosion of trust i n the Americans.
(See Table 23)
This erosion is particularly marked i n Germany and I t a l y , by contrast w i t h France, where trust i n the Americans seems t o have risen noticeably ì n recent years.
(See Table 24)
TRUST IN NON-COMMUNITY PEOPLES~ (March-Apri 1 1986)
0
- %
SWISS - Very trustworthy Fatrly trustworthy Not very trustworthy Not a t a l l trustworthy
Don't know 3 Index
DK O F SRL I L WL UK GR E P EC 12 ( 2 ) I % I I
x t x t x % % I f x t %
Turks - Very trustworthy Fal r l y trustworthy Not very trustworthy Not a t a l 1 trustworthy
Don't know 3 Index
17 I 43
.73 .91
Amertcans Very trustworthy Fal r l y trustworthy Not very trustworthy Not a t a l l trustworthy
Don't know 3 Index
7 10 I 59 15 I 16 23 35 54 43 38 23
.79 .76 .71 .40 .73 .89 .89 .45 .41 .53 .69 I ~- 4
I F I
. . . I . . .
I 2
D
m
19
-.49
53 12 I 22 67 31 45 26 50 17 I 50 46 31 .O1 -.34 - a 5 3 -.42 -.e6 . -.53 -.Ol -e30 -a78 - a 3 0 -e33 - a 4 7
18 I 34 8 10 28 11 18 17 19 29 37 35 17
.39 -.22 -e22 -26 -27 .29 .40 .33 .43 .57 .24 .52 .41 -
- 42 -
(Y
3 P & L
&
t 'c æ O 'F
P) X
P U 8
F 2 u &
P c
YI P O YI
k c O
i r 7
3 O &
U æ &
). O
ii E m & E
.. (u
a a c)
c)
t c)
c c m 44 Q
c, e . r.
I
n a
& L
&
3 P 2 &
f * U e " + I
r
3 &
i Y)
2 Y
h L 9 c . a -
(3 'd N
c c
+L r . 2 30 PY 2':
,u
* a
&c, L
* o Y ) =
*,o * v u >Y) a -
- 43 -
TABLE 22
TRUST I N THE SWISS, TURKS, AMERICANS, JAPANESE, CHINESE AND RUSSIANS
TREND FROM 1976 TO 1986l (Community o f Nine: weighted average)
Swiss - 1976 1980 1986
Americans 1976 1980 1982 1986
Ja panese 1980 1982 1986
Chinese 1976 1980 1982 1986
Russians 1976 1980 1982 1986
Very t r us t - worthy
2 3% 30 23
16 24 16 15
15 a 13
4 13 4 7
4 4 2 5
Fa i r ly t rus t- vrorttiy
44% 41 48
45 44 45 45
34 32 37
18 19 23 33
18 16 13 24
l o t ver? t rust- vorthy
10% 9 8
19 16 21 18
19 27 17
24 12 28 20
27 23 27 25
Not a t a l 1 t r us t - worthy
5% 5 3
8 7 10 9
13 16 10
31 27 25 14
34 42 46 24
~-
Don I t know
18% 15 ia
12 9 - 8 13
19 17 23
23 29 20 26
17 15 12 22
Total
100% 100 100
100 100 1 O0 100
100 100 100
100 100 100 100
100 100 1 O0 100
Index'
.63
.69 73
.36
.50
.30
.35
.16 -. 11 .26
-.53 -.23 -.43 -.01
-.58 -.63 -.75 -. 36
' The question asked i n March-April 1982 mentioned the Americans, Japanese,
* See footnote t o Table 13. Chinese and Russians only.
- 44 -
TABLE 23
TRUST I N THE SWISS, AMERICANS, CHINESE AND RUSSIANS
Swiss - 1970 1976 1980 1986
Americans 1970 1976 1980 1984 -1986
Chi nese 1970 1976 1980 1984 1986
Russians 1970 1976 1980 1984 1986
BY THE S IX FOUNDER MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY 1
TREND FROM 1970 'TO 1986'
Very trust- wort hy
35% 24% 29 24
23 18 24 16 16
2 4 6 3 7
4 3 5 2 6
F a i r l y trust- worthy
43% 44% 43 51
46 43 43 43 44
7 18 27 18 33
19 19 16 12 23
Not ver trust- worthy
7% 12% 11 9
17 20 24 24 21
19 26 29 32 23
32 30 25 29 29
Not a t a l 1 trust- worthy
~
4% 6% 5 4
6 9
10 10 9
54 33 20 28 16
36 35 41 48 26
Don ' t know
11% 14% 12 12
8 10
7 7
10
18 19 18 19 21
9 13 13 9
16
T o t a l
100% 100% 1 O0 100
100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100
1 O0 100 100 100 100
\ Weighted average o f rep l ies obtained i n the s ix founder membqrs. See footnotes t o Table 22.
, \
Index'
.77
.57
.65
.70
.52
.35
.24
.24
.33
-.84 -.55 -.28 -.58 -.09
-.59 -.57 -,62 -.78 -.39
.- 45 -
TRUST IN THE AMERICANS, CHINESE AND RUSSIANS IN GERMANY, FRANCE, ITALY AND THE UNITED KINGDOM
-I----- TREND FROM 1970 TO 1986 ---
Americans 1970 1976 1980 1982 1986
Ch i nese 1970 1976 1980 1982
Russians 1970 1976 1980 1982 1986
1986
Germany
.67
.57
.67
.45
.33
- .88 -.64 -.40 -.65 -.zo
-.72 -.75 -.79 -.80 -.45
France
.29
.10
.16
.13
.43
- .85 -.53 9.24 -.65 - . O 5
0.44 -.45 -.60
-,44 -.a2
Italy
.46
.27
.46
.zo
.24
-.82 -.39 -.12 -.39 -.O3
-.53 -.44 - .42 ' -. 72 -.30
United K i ngdom
- .41 .59 .48 .39
- -.47 -.O6 -.lo -.34
- -. 61 - .67 -.66 -.23
For the calculation of the index, see footnote to Table 13.
- - 46
11.3.3 Trust i n one's own people
In 1976, 1980 and 1986, as well as being questioned on their level of trust i n peoples other t h a n their own, Europeans were also asked about their attitudes towards their own people.
The first time this question was asked we were expecting very positive replies i n a l l countries. And so i t proved, w i t h one exception: the Italians d id not really trust their fellow countrymen and, what's more, this trust declined the further south one travelled.
I t was the same i n 1986 except t h a t the Italians' trust i n one another, although s t i l l low i n comparison w i t h other countries, i s tending to increase. And the Community can probably take some credit for this.
(See Tables 25 and 26)
What could be more a p t t h a n t o conclude this section on trust between peoples - a very important aspect of a people's Europe - w i t h these words of Robert Schuman d a t i n g from 19561
Quoted by Pierre Werner i n Les racines e t l'oeuvre d'un grand Européen: Frrt Qcluman, a brochure produced for the centenary of the b i r t h of o er t c man (Luxembourg, June 1986), p. 13.
November 1976 Very trustworthy Fal r ly trustworthy Not very t r u s t m r t h y Not a t a l l trustworthy
Don’t know
Total
Index 1
4 1 2 3 1 2 1 5 1 2 1 5 9 6 5
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
.85 .76 .96 .70 .79 -.O9 e 8 9 .85 -86 I
October-November 1980 Very trustworthy Fal r ly trustworthy Not very trustworthy Not a t a l l trustworthy
7 1 1 8 1 4 1 4 1 5 1 1 2 5 7 Don‘t know
Total
Index’
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
.80 .78 .91- .74 .75 -25 .90 .86 .88
TRUST IN ONE’S OWN PEOPLE
7 : I : 100
.62
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total
Index .74 .87 .83 .6!4 .70 .33 .84 .78 .76 .51 1 100 100
.68 .64
I --I D
CI -J
F m
N I ul
’ See footnote t o Table 13.
1
3% 402 1 I X S t 1 ()(III; -.o9 I052
- JX -
21
42%
50 I :f
TABLE 26
49 ie 6 100 -.43 132 1 3 1% 8% 1% 100% .24 1108
- 24 4 1 o0 .so 285
TRUST BY ITALIANS IN THEIR OWN PEOPLE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
1 I ::
Not a t Very Fa i r ly Not very all Don't I I
1 trust- I trust- ,I trust- I trust.. I know I Total ) Index I N I worthy I worthy I worthy 1 worthy f I (1)
I I I 1 1 I I I 1
k7% 3a 5t 2x 1 OG .33 1102
s3 23 3 5 100 .so 209
1976
AS A WOLE
- North Yest North East Centre South It Jands
i ga0 - AS A UHOLE
North Uest North East Centre South ls?ands
i 986 - AS A YHOLE
North West North East Centre South Islands
39 1 lo 40 9 2 100 .Ol 118
I I l 12 39 35 11 3 100 .O4 138 I
See footnote t o Table 13.
- 49 -
CHAPTER III
ATTITUDES TOWARDS EUROPE AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
- 50 -
I I I
ATTITUDES TOWARDS EUROPE AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY _______ -
The bui ld ing of a united Europe i s a complex venture involving both economic factors (creation o f a c o m n market and gradual convergence of economic pol ic ies) and p o l i t i c a l ones ( lay ing of the foundatjons for an ever-closer union among the peoples o f Europe).
Regular m i t o r i n g of changes i n public at t i tudes towards t h i s venture using j u s t a few questions i s not easy. However, experience has shown tha t a t Comnunity level - adjustments and c la r i f i ca t i ons are needed f o r each country, o r even region, and for each social group - these questions const i tute valuable indicators o f the way views are changing. There are four of them:
- the f i r s t i s about the "Western European unification", a general concept but one which does r e f l e c t the widespread view that t h i s h i s t o r i c i n i t i a t i v e i s worthwhile and should be pursued;
- the second i s designed t o f ind out whether interviewees feel t h e i r country has o r has not benefited from Comunity membership;
- the t h i r d i s designed t o e l i c i t the simplest possible overal l assessment of Comnunity membership (without any attempt a t cost and benefit analysis);
- these three questions, a l l worded posi t ively, are supported by a fourth question asking interviewees how they would react if the Community were scrapped.
III. 1 FOR OR AGAINST WESTERN EUROPEAN UNIFICATION
I t would appear that the growth i n optimism emphasized above i n the discussion of "personal mood" has also generated increased support for European unif ication, which once again comnands a major i ty i n a l l countries, including Denmark. This may also be the resu l t o f events i n recent months which have at t racted favourable media coment i n a l l countries; these include the accession of Spain and Portugal, the Danish referendum and the signlng o f the Single European Act.
- 51 -
Support has increased i n a l l countries, p a r t i c u l a r l y i n Denmark, Germany, Greece and Portugal, where the number of "don't knows" has f a l l e n sharply, undoubtedly as a r e s u l t o f the media coverage o f Community a f f a i r s i n recent months.
(See Table 27 and Table A5 i n the Appendix)
However, t h i s increase should not b l i n d us t o the f a c t tha t i n none o f the ten countr ies f o r which data are avai lable f o r a r e l a t i v e l y long period (1973-1986 f o r nine countries and 1980-1986 f o r Greece) i s the current index as high as i t has been i n the past.
s l i g h t l y downward t rend i n support since 1973. I n almost a l l countries, except the United Kingdom, there has been a
(See Table 28)
There are many reasons f o r t h i s development and they would be worth analysing separately f o r each country. o f European un i f i ca t ion , a l b e i t s t i l l widely accepted by the general publ ic i n most countries, has l o s t some of i t s a t t r ac t i on f o r the p o l i t i - c a l l y ac t i ve and well- informed and f o r the young, and that only a f resh boost fo r u n i f i c a t i o n followed by a broad democratic debate w i l 1 help c r y s t a l l i z e the support which surfaces i n our surveys.
Our theory i s tha t the p r inc ip le
111.2 ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE EUROPEAN COMMUN ITY
111.2.1 Feeling t ha t one's country has o r has not benefi ted from i t s membershi p of the Communi ty
"Tabing e v a y M h . to conbide/ration, woutif you bay .tha.t (yaw coun;t/ry) being a membek 0 6 .the Eunopean CommunLty (Common Manket) ?'I
on b&nce bene4Lte¿ oh not bhom
1 This question was asked f o r the f i r s t time i n Spain and Portugal; elsewhere i t has been asked every s i x months since spring 1983.
I n these two cases, the wording was "has on balance already benefi ted o r not".
SUPPORT FOR WESTERN EUROPEAN UNIFICATION^
I 8 OK D F I R 1 I L NL UK GR EC 10 E I P I E C 1 2 1
i I I I I I
I I I I
I I I I
l I I I
35 I 23 I 16 I 28 1 36 I 27 I 19 I 12 Don't know 6 Index 3.21 2.56 3.50 3.25 3.07 3.41 3.57 3.15
- 1975-1983 (thIrteen surveys)
33 : I 26 : I : : I 2.53 : 3.19 : I
( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 8 ) I
~ 0 . s m e x t e n t a g a i n s t I 6 1 1 8 I 6 I 7 1 1 0 I 5 I 7 I 8 1 1 3 I 8 I 8 I 4 I 3 I : I : I
1 2 1 1 8 1 2 1 2 1 5 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 9 1 8 1 4 1 3 1 3 1 : I F Very mch against Don ' t know 5 27 I 20 I 14 I 15 I 25 I 13 I 8 I 12 18 21 I 16 35 60
Index
> I 'dl
m K. r 4 -4 I 6
March-Apr11 1984
3.18 2.50 3.29 3.16 3.02 3.33 3.35 3.17 2.88 I 3.11 I 3.17 , 3.43 , 3.33 I . 4 I
Don't know 5 21 I 21 1 15 I 11 ) 29 I 15 I 10 I 9
3.08 2.30 3.15 3.21 3.00 3.23 3.38 3.19 6
October-November 1984 Index
15 23 15 35 49 : I 2.85 2.98 3.10 3.40 3.31 : I
I
Don't know 6 Index - 3.23 2.33 3.26 3.24 3.01 3.28 3.28 3.18 3.07 3.11 3.19 : I
1 3 1 1 9 1 9 1 1 3 1 2 7 1 9 1 5 8 16 I 17 12 I : 5 : I
9 OK O F I A L I L NL UK GR EC10 E
Don ' t know 5 11 I 22 I 1 4 9 I 24 I 11 I 7 I 11 I 17 I 23 1 13 31
3 . 2 7 2.26 3 . 2 8 1 3.35 3.05 1 3.37 3.50 3.20 3.13 3.17 3.26 3.61 6
October-November 1985
Index
: I : I
Very much against 2 1 2 8 1 3 1 I ( 4 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 8 1 7 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 m I 1 4 1 1 6 [ 10 I 9 1 2 6 I l l i \ 5 Don't know
6 Index 2.26 I 3.14 1 3.20 2.99 3.28 3.27 3.12 2.97 2.94 3.12 3.38 3.27 3 . 1 5 I ", I 'JI 'A ;
March-April 1986 O
I
- 54 -
TABLE 28
CHANGE IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE EUROPEAN UNIFICATION^
Average 1973-1986'
Maximum
Mi nimm
March-Apri 1 1986
General trend 3
- B DK D F ' I R L I L NL UK GR
3.19 2.45 3.29 3.19 3.02 3.32 3.37 3.18 2.90 3.10
3.33 2.63 3.50 3.34 3.16 3.43 3.57 3.33 3.13 3.33
3.08 2.26 3.09 3.01 2.87 3.23 3.10 3.04 2.53 2.91
3.21 2.47 3.35 3.25 3.04 3.30 3.38 3.24 3.02 3.19
-.O05 -.Oll -.Ol1 -.O00 -.O04 -.O06 -.O08 -.O00 .O12 .O08 A
"Very much i n favour" = 4, "very much against" = 1; "don't knows excluded.
and 1986.
Represents the gradient of the l i n e of b e f t fit o f the values o f the index between 1973 and 1986 (1980 and 1986 i n the case o f Greece).
* Average o f 19 surveys; i n the case o f Greece, average o f 12 surveys between 1980
- 55 -
As was t o be expected, the great major i ty o f Spaniards (65%) fee l t h a t t h e i r country has not ye t benef i ted from Community membership; what i s more surpr is ing i s t h a t more than one t h i r d o f the Portuguese c la im t o have already observed benef i ts a t t r i bu tab le t o accession.
With one exception the resu l t s i n a l l the other countr ies are s im i l a r t o those of previous surveys, w i th a major i ty who fee l t ha t t h e i r country has benefited everywhere except i n the United Kingdom, (where the number o f those who feel they have not benefi ted has however f a l l e n s l i g h t l y ) .
The only country where there has been a s i gn i f i can t change i s Denmark: i n previous surveys, only between four and f i v e Danes i n ten f e l t t h e i r country had benef i ted from Comnunity membership; t h i s f i gu re has now r i sen t o s i x i n every ten (61%). The information campaign ca r r ied out before the referendum o f 27 February has obviously had some e f f e c t but we sha l l have t o w a i t f o r the next survey t o see whether t h i s w i l l l a s t .
(See Table 29 and Table A6 i n the Appendix)
111.2.2 General a t t i t u d e towards Community membership
~ ~~~ ~~ ~~ ~
ttGenu.at.ty ¿ p u k i n g , do you $ f i k ( y a w coun.O~y's) membwkip 06 $he E m o p e a n Comnun¿ty (Common McMket) .i~ a good t k i n g , a bad $king O h neitherr good noh bad?"
As i n previous surveys, there i s general support f o r membership everywhere except i n the United Kingdom, where only 37% o f interviewees regarded membership as ''a good thing", whi le 29% considered i t "a bad th ing" and 28% were non-commi t t a l ("nei ther good nor bad").
The most s t r i k i n g change since the previous survey i s the growth i n support f o r membership i n Denmark and Portugal.
More than one Dane i n two (51%) now consider. Community membership 'a good th ing" . This i s a record high and contrasts w i th 35% l a s t autumn. As explained above, the increase i s undoubtedly due t o the information campaign ca r r ied out before the recent referendum.
I n Portugal, the percentage o f those who consider membership "a good th ing" has r i sen from below 30% i n the surveys between autumn 1980 and spring 1985 t o 42% l a s t autumn ( fo l lowing conclusion of the accession negotiat ions) and t o 60% t h i s spr ing ( j u s t a f t e r accession). knows" f e l l over the same per iod from around 60% t o 18%.
"Don't
I n both countries, the t rend i n a t t i t udes towards the Community c l e a r l y shows t ha t a more vigorous publ ic information po l i c y and democra- t i c discussion o f European a f f a i r s tend t o generate support f o r the Comnunity.
(See Table 30 and Table A7 i n the Appendix)
FEELING THAT ONE'S COUNTRY HAS OR HAS NOT BENEFITED FROM MEMBERSHIP
E
Ilarch-Apr11 1983 Has bencftted HSS not benefited
Don't know
OK D F I RL I L NL UK G R EC 10 E P EC12
Marchdpr l l 1981 Has benefltcd Has not benefited
Don't know
October-Novder 1984 Has benefftcd Has not bencfl ted
Don ' t know
March-April 1985 Has benefited Has not beneflted
Don't know
October-November 1985 Has benef f ted Has not benefited
Don't know
March-April 1986 Has beneflted Has not benefited
I I I I (2) I I I ( 3 ) X I % 1 % I % I %
I I % I X I % I X I % I % I
I X I
I l I X I X I
l I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 t I I
35 1 18 I 36 1 25 1 16 1 1 7 I 14 1 1 1 I 11 1 3 1 1 2 3 1 : I : I : 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I 1 I I l l I I 1 I
59 I 5 1 I 4 9 I 5 4 I 5 6 I 6 9 I 7 4 I ?8 I 3 2 I 4 4 I 5 2 I : 1 : 1 : 6 I 31 I 15 I 21 I 28 I 14 I 12 I 1 1 I 57 I 25 I 25 I : I : I :
49 1 - 4 2 I 3 9 I 5 0 I 5 9 I 5 8 I 7 3 I 6 7 I 3 2 I 4 4 I 4 6 I : I : I : 22 I 3 4 1 2 4 I 2 4 I 2 9 I 2 0 I 1 4 1 1 7 1 5 6 I 3 5 I 3 0 I : I : 1 : 29 I 24 I 37 I 26 I 12 I 22 I 13 I 16 I 1 2 ) 2 1 ) 2 4 1 : I : I :
i I 1 I I I l l I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I
48 I 4 4 I 4 6 I 4 7 I 6 1 I 6 3 1 7 2 1 6 4 I 3 2 I 5 1 I 4 8 I : I : I : 28 I 3 4 1 3 5 I 2 8 I 2 8 I 2 3 I 1 6 I l 9 57 1 2 8 I 3 4 1 : 1 : I : 24 I 22 I 19 I 25 I 1 1 I 14 I 12 i 17 I 1 1 1 2 1 ) 1 8 ) : I : I :
I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
24 I 22 I 18 I 21 I I l I 16 I 14 I 19 I 14 I 25 1 18 I : I : I I I I I I I I I l I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I
21 I 22 I 16 I 21 I O I 1 4 1 16 I 18 I 13 I 24 I 17 I : I : I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
5 2 1 4 6 1 4 5 1 5 3 1 6 2 1 6 5 1 7 3 1 6 3 1 3 1 1 4 9 1 5 0 1 : I : I : 24 I 3 4 I 3 1 1 2 6 I 2 7 I l 9 I 1 3 I 1 8 1 5 5 I 2 6 I 3 2 I : I : I :
56 I 4 9 I 5 3 I 5 3 I 6 7 I 7 0 1 6 9 I 6 7 1 3 4 I 4 2 I 5 3 I : I : 1 : 2 3 1 2 9 1 3 1 ~ 2 6 1 2 4 ~ 1 6 ~ 1 5 ~ 1 5 1 5 3 ( 3 4 ) 3 0 1 : I : I :
55 I 61 I 53 I 50 I 66 I 63 I 74 I 68 \ 33 I 50 I 51 1 9 \ 37 \ 46 17 I 22 I 25 I 24 I 22 I 15 I 10 I 16 I 50 I 23 I 27 I 65 I 35 I 32
Don't know I 28 I 17 I 22 I 26 I 12 I 22 I 1 6 I 18 17 I 27 I 22 i 26 I 2a ( 22
A l l f igures i n t h i s table are percentages o f the t o t a l number o f persons interviewed.
Yeighted average.
Including Spain and Portugal from sprlng 1986.
GENERAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS COWUNITY MEMBERSHIP^
NL UK GR
Septenber 1973 Good th ing Neither good nor bad Bad th ing
Don't know
Index'
EC 10
1974-1982 (18 surveys1 6006 th lng Nelther good nor bad Bad th ing
Don't know 5 Index
19 I 9 I 11 I 12
2.64 2.13 2.66 2.64
-
1983 (2 surveys) Good th tng Netther good nor bad Bad th ing
Don't know 5 Index
8 1 1 4 1 8
T.45 2.78 2.70
March-April 1984 Good th ing Nelther good nor bad Bad th tng
Don't know 5 Index
2.64 2.07 2.58 2.54 2.35
I X
I X I
I X I X I X I X I
i 1 x 1 i
2.73 2.75
i I I I I
i i i I I I I I i
I 19 I 19 I 22 I 22 I 21 1 ' 15 I 22 1 57 \ 42 I 63 I 61 I 56 I 69 I 67
I 5 1 3 0 1 4 1 5 1 1 5 1 2 1 3
2.76 1.96 I 2.23 2.46
I i I i i i i I 59 I 35 I 59 I 57 I 52 I 73 I 75 I 22 I 26 I 25 1 28 I 23 I 16 I 15 1 4 1 2 9 1 6 1 7 1 1 9 1 4 1 4
2.61 2.36 : I
I i I I i i i
2.60 2.11 2.56 2.50 2.22 2.71 2.72
i i I i i I I I 59 I 31 I 53 I 62 I 4 3 I 70 I 80 I 25 I 30 I 31 I 27 I 27 I 20 I 14 1 7 1 2 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 3 1 3 1 3
2.78
I 9 1 l O I l l I I I I 7 1 I 7 1 I 7 1 3 I
2.00 I 2.38 I 2.46
I 2.58 I 2.02 I 2.54 I 2.62 I 2.22 I 2.71 I 2.80 2.55 2.26 : I
I I I I
i I I
63 I 31 : I 56
13 1 13 1 i 21:2 75 I 33 I 40 I 56 14 I 23 I 27 I 23
4 I 37 I 20 I 13 7 1 7 1 1 3 1 8
20 I 22 I : I 20 4 I 3 4 I * I 1 1
2.68 1.97
I I (6 ) I
2.79 1 2.04 I 2 7 2 2 7 2 . 6 8
: I
I : I
I I I
5 1 8 1 : I
4 8 1 2 9 1 : I 1 7 1 2 0 1 : I
-I
s r- I m v,
u O
-4
I
... I . . .
I I I I I I I
I I I I
1 I I
I I I I
5 1 1 0 1 5 1 5 1 6 1 6 1
2 .63 2.06 2.55 2.60 2.29 2 .73 2.77
October-November 1984 Good thing Neither good mr bad Bad thlng
Don't know 5 lndex
4 4 10 5 16 46
2 .78 2.05 2 .33 2 .49 2.62 2.30
krch-Apr11 1985 Good thing Neither good nor bad Bad thlng
Don't kfmu 5 Index
October-Novclllber 1985 Good thing Neither good nor bad Bad thing
Don't know 5 Index
6
2.62
March-Avrf 1 1986 Good thing Neither good nor bad Bad thing
Don't know
1 3 ) 9 1 5 1 6 1 6 1 4 7 s I 1 2 I 7 1 1 65 I :
1.98 2.52 2 .65 2 .35 2 .72 2.84 2 .77 2 .06 2.32 2 .49 2.61 2.33
5 I Index
s I 1 1 I 7 1 3 1 S I 4 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 1 2
2 .62 2 .10 2 .57 2.61 2.38 2 .78 2.78 2.83 2.08 2.17
GENERAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS COMMUNITY MEMBERSHIP'
5 I I6 I 30 .. 2.52 2.59 7 ' a 7 ..
8 OK O f IRL I L ML UK GR EC10 E P EC12
i I 1 i I i i i I i i i i 64 I 51 I 64 I 69 1 59 I 74 I 81 I 83 I 37 I 44 62 I 62 I 60 I 62 22 I 20 I 22 I 21 I 18 I 16 I 16 I 1 1 I 28 I 26 I 21 I 16 I 18 I 20 . 3 1 2 1 1 6 1 5 1 1 6 1 3 1 2 1 2 ~ 2 9 ~ 1 6 ~ 1 0 1 4 1 4 1 9 1 1 1 8 1 8 1 5 1 7 1 7 1 3 1 4 1 6 \ 1 4 ! 7 ! 2 0 ! 1 8 ! 9
2.69 I 2 .33 I 2.62 I 2.68 I 2.46 I 2.77 I 2.82 I 2 .85 I 2 . 0 9 , I 2.34 I 2.55 I 2.72 I 2.68 I 2.57
--I
I- m
O n X o O 3 r* P
o I
I v,
U
1 to 9: See footnotes on p. 59. -
- 59 -
DK D
I n a l l countr ies, the percentage o f those who consider Community membership 'Ia good th ing" i s now higher than the average recorded s ince 1973 (1980 i n the case o f Greece). f i g u r e f o r spr ing 1986 has e i t h e r almost reached o r exceeded the previous maximum.
Except i n the Uni ted Kingdom, the
The margin i s p a r t i c u l a r l y wide i n t he case o f Denmark.
F
(See Table 31)
42
29
51
.o02
TABLE 31
CHANGE I N ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
(Percentage o f respondents regarding i t as "a good th ing" )
66 68
48 48
64 69
-.o01 -.o01
64
-. 003
Average 1973- 1986
Previous maximum
M i n imm
March-April 1986
General t r end 11
35%1 58%1 59%
IRL I L
52% 72% 76%
67 78 86
42 63 63
i+ -.O03 -.O01 .O02
-~
NL UK GR
76% 34% 41%
84 50 47
63 23 33
.O03 I-. 002 I .O07 I I
A l l f i gu res i n t h i s t a b l e are percentages o f the t o t a l number o f persons interviewed.
Excluding Northern I r e l a n d i n 1973 and 1974.
Weighted average, i nc lud ing Greece from autumn 1980.
Inc lud ing Spain and Portugal from October-November -1985.
"Good th ing" = 3, " ne i the r good nor bad" = 2, "bad th ing" = 1; " don ' t knows" excluded.
F ive surveys only, from October 1980.
The mid-point i s there fore 2.
Six surveys between A p r i l 1980 and October 1982.
F i ve surveys between October-November 1980 and October-November 1982.
TWO surveys.
surveys s ince 1980.
index.
lo Average o f 26 surveys s ince 1973; i n the case o f Greece, average o f 11
l1 Represents t h e grad ien t o f the l i n e o f best f i t of the values o f the (For c a l c u l a t i o n of t he index, see note t o Table 30).
- 60 -
111.2.3 A t t i tude towards the scrapping of the European Community
"16 you wehe t o be $old tomomow ,ìthat Zthe Euhopean CommunCty (Common Marrket) had been dchapped, would you be v a y AOWCY, .indi¿¿ment ok
It could be thought t ha t the previous question was worded i n such a way as t o encourage "don't knotus" t o give pos i t i ve answers. forms a s f r t o f counter-balance by possib ly promoting the opposite react i on.
This question
I n a l l countr ies wi thout exception, the percentage who would be "very sorry" i f the Community were scrapped i s smaller than the percentage who regard Community membership as Ira good thing".
Scrapping the Comnunity would roduce l i t t l e r e l i e f except i n Denmark (23%) and the United Kingdom (28% P , the only country where the Commtnity s t i l l has more opponents than supporters.
What i s surpr is ing i s t ha t i n a country l i k e Belgium, which has been pa r t of the Comnunity f o r 35 years, more than h a l f the interviewees said they would be i n d i f f e r e n t t o the scrapping o f the Comunity. This i s an exceptional case but the resu l t s taken overa l l show that, wh i le membership i s accepted as a f a c t o f l i f e and even general ly considered "a good thing", the Community I s regarded by many European c i t i r e h s merely a "comon market" and more w i l l have t o be done i f i t i s t o capture t h e i r imagina- t ion.
(See Table 32 and Table A8 i n the Appendix)
This question was asked i n 1971 i n the s i x countr ies which were then members o f the Comunity and has been repeated 17 times since 1973. See Table A8 i n the Appendix.
I I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I I
8 OK 0 F
x x x I
x I
September 1973 Very sorry I n d i f f e r e n t Relieved
Don' t know 3 Index
Apri l 1981 Very sorry Ind i f fe rent
Relieved Don' t know
3 Index
March-April 1985 Very sorry Ind i f fe rent
Relieved Don't know
3 Index
October-November 1985 Very sorry I n d i f feren t Rel ieved
Don't know 3 Index
March-April 1986 Very sorry Ind i f fe rent Relieved
Don't know,
I R 1 I L I L UK GR EC 10 E P EC 12 I (1) - (21 I
x x x x x x t x x I
Index'
14
2.41
12 15 13 16 I 14 1 1 13 10 13 I : : I : I
2.02 2.63 2.45 2.22 2.46 2.55 2.49 1.82 : 2.34 1 ~
20 13 I 19 14 7 7
2.19 1.94 2.34 2.25 2.16 2.47
5 8 4 1 9 1 1 1
2.55 2.44 1.75 2.11 2.21
1 1 19 I 14
2.36 1.86 1.51
8 1 7 10 4 1 9 4 I 14 1 0 1 : I : 2.49 2.24 2.44 2.62 2.49 1.90 2.21 2.33
10 17 I 13 I 7
2.31 1.97 2.49 2.52
Yeighted average.
"Very sorry" = 3, "indifferent" = 2. "relieved" = 1; "don't knows" excluded.
Excluding Greece i n 1973. Including Spain and Portugal from October-November 1985.
7 1 1 2 1 7 8 1 4 18 I 10 I 18 18 1 1
2.27 2.54 2.62- 2.58 1-03 2.16 2.36 2.36 2.21 2.36
12 17 I I5 I 10
2.40 2.17 2.58 2.52
13 13 I 7 11 6 1 21 12 24 15 I 13
2.32 2.49 2.70 2.61 1.94 2.25 2.38 2.49 2.35 2.39
CHAPTER I V
THE EUROPEAN PMLIAEIEWT
- 63 -
I V
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
The Euro-MPs elected i n June 1984 have now completed almost h a l f o f t h e i r term. The next d i r ec t e lec t ion - the t h i r d - w i l l be held i n June 1989. I t i s therefore time t o look ahead and t o make an accurate and regular assessment o f the pub1 i c ' s impressions o f and a t t i tudes towards the European P a r l iament.
Directorate-General f o r Information and Pub1 i c Relations, Eurobarometer has contained a number o f questions on publ ic awareness o f the i ns t i t u t i on , i t s image, the importance attached t o i t s current r o l e and the hopes for i t s future. A fu r the r question was asked t h i s spring on the issues recent ly debated i n Parliament i n an attempt t o ascertain which ones the publ ic fee ls are the most important.
To t h i s end, since spring 1985, a t the request o f Parliament's
These questions were also a l l asked f o r the f i r s t time i n Spain and Portugal.
I V . 1 AWARENESS AND OVERALL IMPRESSION OF THE INSTITUTION
'Waue you heC&y &een oh huhd i n t h e papeu, o& on $he u d i 0 ok TV, anytfúng about t h e Emopan Pív&¿arnea? ThaX .ih t h e p " e n r b n y a.uemb4y 06 t h e Ewropean ComnunCty (oh Common Mahket)?
davowuzb&e ok undavombte .ihpatm.ion 06 t h e Euhopun P U - ment?"
"Ib y a , fm whaX you mad 04 h w d given you a g e n m y
I V . l . l Publ ic awareness o f the i n s t i t u t i o n
Previous resu l t s have shown tha t pub in termi t tent : i t peaks a t e lec t ion time But what we have not ye t done i s t o eva i n par t icu lar , t o measure what could be "trough" between two elect ions.
i c awareness o f Parliament i s and f a l 1 s o f f shor t l y afterwards. uate the speed o f the change and, termed "basic awareness" i n the
We now have twelve reference points-from spring 1977 t o spr ing 1986 and can confirm t ha t "basic awareness" o r the "low water mark'' averages out below 50%. the publ ic gaze i s held by the p o l i t i c a l par t ies and the mass media - less than one European i n two has recently heard anything about the European Parl iament.
I n other words, other than during e lec t ion periods - when
There are t w o possible, but not mutually exclusive, reasons f o r this: e i ther the newspapers, radio o r te lev is ion have not "recently" reported anything about Parliament, and t h i s can e a s i l y be checked; o r the message is not r e a l l y gett ing through because neither i t s form nor content has succeeded i n arousing publ ic interest. The second i s certainly the more s ign i f icant , as we shal l see l a t e r on when we look a t the variations by country and, i n the indiv idual countries, by interviewee prof i le .
Graph 2 and Table 33 i l l u s t r a t e t h i s phenomenon of in termi t tent aware- ness. A few weeks before an elect ion on average about seven people i n every ten have heard something about the European Parliament (66% i n Apr i l 1979, 75% i n March-April 1984); awareness then fades fa i r ly sw f f t l y t o f a l l below 50%. And i t could f a l l fur ther s t i l l , but i s un l ike ly t o r i s e again - unless there i s some new development t o arouse in terest i n Parliament's ro le - before ear ly 1989. awareness o f the i n s t i t u t i o n i n the run-up t o the next elect ion w i l l be on a par wi th tha t of spring 1984.
(See Graph 2 and Table 33)
It i s even a moot question whether
So f a r we have considered only the European average. But the level varies from country t o country, as does the trend.
I n terms o f leve?, Luxembour i s the country where awareness o f the European Parliament i s highest 9 69%); i t i s followed fair ly closely by Denmark (66%) and I t a l y (60%), with Spain and Portugal t i e ing f o r t h i r d place (57%). These resul ts are scarcely surprising: Luxembourg i s the headquarters o f Par1 iament (whose part-sessions are held i n Strasbourg) ; Denmark voted i n a referendum on the European Comnunity and the powers of the European Parliament on 27 February; and Spain and Portugal have j u s t jo ined the Comnunity and the media are giv ing wide coverage t o the Euro- pean inst i tu t ions, including Parliament.
Germany, the United Kingdom and Greece.
and Portugal), we f ind tha t only i n four countries out o f the remaining nine (Germany, Luxembourg, I ta ly and, especially, Denmark) i s the l e v e l o f awareness recorded i n 1986 s ign i f i can t ly up on the spring 1977 level. Again, we w i l ? have t o wait for the next Eurobarometer t o see whether t h i s phenomenon i n the case of Denmark i s not purely short-term.
A t the other extreme the lowest levels of awareness are t o be found i n
I n terms o f trend, leaving out the three l a tes t a r r i va ls (Greece, Spain,
By contrast, the trend i n the United Kingdom i s downwards, wi th aware- ness o f the European .Parliament wel l below the 1977 level : 38% against 58%.
Despite the appreciable differences between the various countries the overal l p ic ture leaves no room for doubt: the European Parliament f a i l s t o a t t r a c t pub1 i c at tent ion between elections.
- 65 -
Graph 2
AUARENESS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
(Claim t o have recent ly seen o r heard something about the European Parliamen, i n ,he papers, o r on
' The f l guns I n bold type show the hlghest percentage reached I n each country for the twelve surveys under consideratlon and the second highest where the difference k t m e n the tuo i s not greater than f fve polnts.
Weighted average, Includlng Greece fm 1982.
' Includlng Spain and Portugal from 1986.
he radio o r TY) 1
I 8 I
- 67 -
It i s worth comparing j u s t how f a r awareness o f Parliament has decl ined between 1984 and spr ing 1986 i n each o f t he ten member countr ies which took p a r t i n the l a s t e l e c t i o n (June 1984).
There has been a decl ine everywhere. I n the Comnunity o f Ten as a whole the percentage o f interviewees who c la im t o have seen o r heard something has f a l l e n , as we saw, from 75% t o 48%, i.e. by more than a t h i r d . I t a l y and Luxembourg, but as much as 50% i n Germany and the United K i ngdom.
The drop i s r e l a t i v e l y s l i g h t - around 10% t o 15% - i n Denmark,
(See Table 34)
This measurement o f Parl iament 's fading image i s s i g n i f i c a n t , i f somewhat rough and ready. However, i t does reveal marked d i f fe rences between countries, where the t rend i s determined by a great many s t r u c t u r a l and short- term var iables which go t o make up what could be c a l l e d the s o c i o- p o l i t i c a l c u l t u r e pecu l ia r t o each o f them, i.e. an amalgam o f the a t t i t udes , opinions and behaviour o f pub1 i c and government a l i k e concerning Europe, t h e Community and, i n pa r t i cu la r , the European Par1 iament.
The analys is may be extended i n two d i rec t ions :
- F i r s t l y , the t rend curve can be traced through a l l the reference po in ts f o r which f i gu res are ava i lab le instead o f merely the s t a r t i n g p o i n t (March-April 1984) and the f i n i s h i n g po in t (March- A p r i l 1986), which we used f o r the sake o f s imp l i f i ca t i on ; t h i s o f fe rs the advantage o f h i g h l i g h t i n g short- term var iables l i k e , f o r example, the Danish referendum o f February 1986;
interviewee. - Secondly, thp pat te rn o f r e p l i e s can be studied by category o f
1. Trends i n awareness o f Parliament from 1984 t o 1986
Graph 3 shows awareness curves, by slopes, i.e. by gradient of t h e s t r a i g h t l i n e which i s the s t a t i s t i c a l expression o f t he t rend measured. Awareness since the 1984 e l e c t i o n has c l e a r l y decl ined much f a s t e r i n Germany and the Uni ted Kingdom than in ' the Netherlands, Belgium, I re land, Greece o r France. especial l y Denmark (where there was the referendum fac to r ) .
The t rend i s much weaker i n Luxembourg, I t a l y and
It i s , o f course, possib le t o combine both types o f ana lys is and study the trends by sex, age, region. and so on.
- 68 -
TABLE 34
DECLINE I N AWARENESS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT SINCE 1984 ELECTION
BY COUNTRY'
Community as a whole (10)
Denmark I t a l y Luxembourg France Belgium I r e l and Nether1 ands Greece United K i ngdom Germany
~~~ ~ ~~~
Had recently seen or heard some- th ing about the European P a r l i a - ment
March-Apri 1 1984 (a 1
75%
74 71 81
74 75 73 67 72 79
a2
March-Apri 1 1986 (b)
48% ~ ~
66 60 69 57 45 46 44 37 38 39
.63
.89
.85 85
.69
.61
.61 60
.55
.52
.50
The ten countries which part ic ipated i n the 1984 elect ion are l i s t e d here i n descending order o f the relat ionship between the 1984 and 1986 awareness levels.
percentages (accurate t o one decimal place). * These f igures show (b) as a proportion o f (a), calculated using unrounded
- 69 -
1 In view of w h a t we know of the trend observed between 1977 and 1984 , In all probability awareness will i t would be rash t o extend the curve.
increase a g a i n as the next election approaches b u t i t i s impossible t o say when or by how much.
(See Graph 3)
2.
f a d i n g image between elections, so too certain social groups w i t h i n a given country are more susceptible t o this phenomenon than others. As Table 35 shows, i t s impact between 1984 and 1986 i s slightly more pro- nounced among w0me.n than men and among younger people t h a n o lder people. B u t the most decisive variable is clearly the cognitive mobilization of the interviewee, i.e. his or her abhlity t o take an interest i n relatively complex, remote o r abstract issues. the section of the population i n w h i c h awarenss of Parliament i s strongest in 1986 as i n 1984, are less affected than non-leaders by the fading effect. awareness has declined on average by 23% between 1984 and 1986.
Awareness among the various categories of the popu la t ion
Just as different countries are affected differently by Par1 iament's
The opinion leaders, who constitute
Yet, even within this better informed and more active minority,
(See Table 35)
This phenomenon is evident everywhere b u t i t i s especially marked in Germany, the United Kingdom and even Denmark. B u t , as we saw above, the f i r s t two have witnessed a very pronounced f a d i n g of Parliament's image, which has not occurred t o the same extent i n the third. We may conclude t h a t , regardless of the cultural and po l i t i ca l features which help deter- mine the trend i n the individual country, the non-leaders - i.e. the great mass of the population and hence of the electorate too - lose interest i n the European Parliament shortly after an election. How much interest will they take - if n o t h i n g changes - during the next election?
(See Table 36)
Despite the f ac t t h a t we do not have six-monthly da ta concerning the European Parliament for the period i n question.
Cognitive mobilization i s measured by combining the answers t o two questions, one dealing w i t h frequency of po l i t i ca l discussions and the other w i t h propensity t o influence other people. For the Community of Ten as a whole, the current breakdown i s as follows:
I
x Leaders ++ 1156 12
+ 2922 30 - 3429 35 23 Non-leaders --
- N -
- 2240 - - Total 9747 100
- 70 -
Graph 3
- 71 -
82% 69
70% 79 75 76
DECLINE I N AWARENESS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT SINCE 1984 ELECTION
BY SEX, AGE AND DEGREE OF COGNITIVE MOBILIZATION (Comnunity of Ten as a whole)
~
55% .67 41 .60
39% .57 50 .63 52 .69 48 .64
Had recent ly seen o r heard some- th ing about the European Par l ia- ment
March-April 1984 March-Apri 1 1986 I (a) I (b) I Comnunity as a whole
.63 I 48x I (10) I 75%
Sex : Men Women
Age : 15-24 25-39 40- 54 55 and over
Cogni ti ve mobi 1 i - zation:
Leaders (++ rri Non-1 eaders (-- )
91% 84 74 58
70% 57 42 30
.77
.67
.57
.51
(1) These f igures show (b) as a proport ion o f (a), calculated using unrounded percentages (accurate t o one decimal place).
- - 72 -
IV.1.2 Overall impression of the institution
Among interviewees who claimed t o have seen o r heard something recently about the European Parliament (i.e. a l i t t l e less t h a n h a l f ) , 40% had a "generally favourable impression" and 25% a "general ly unfavourable impression" of the ins t i tu t ion . l The remainder gave a neutral reply (27%) or no reply a t a l l (8%).
Good impressions outweighed bad ones of the twelve countries: Belgium, Greece, France, I ta ly , Ireland and, by a particularly wide margin, i n Spain and Portugal despite a relatively h i g h percentage of " don ' t knows" (16%) in bo th the new member countries. The positive trend by comparison with previous polls i s particularly marked in Ireland where 54% had a "favourable impression" i n March-April 1986, approximately 40% i n 1985 and 29% i n October 1982.
In the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and even Luxembourg, bad impressions outweighed good ones, while in Denmark and Germany the two bal anced out .
As indicated above, a sizeable proportion of respondents volunteered a neutral reply.
All i n a l l , if we total the " don ' t knows" and the non-comnittal and negative answers, i t i s questionable, whether, as t h i n g s stand, (i.e. in terms of i t s powers and responsibilities) the European Parliament "improves on acquaintance", since of those who have seen or heard some- t h i n g about i t less t h a n h a l f - except in Portugal, Ireland and Italy - have a favourable impression.
(See Table 37)
B u t the phenomenon is in fac t more complicated. A country-by-country analysis of the concurrent trends in levels o f awareness and positive opinions between20ctober 1982 and March-April 1986 throws up some quite sharp contrasts.
The reply "neither favourable nor unfavourable" was not one of the options offered. Probably fairly close t o a "don ' t know'' i t would appear t o be a voluntary admission of lack of information, indifference ' o r indecision on the p a r t of the respondent.
These analyses are given fo r information only. da t a from subsequent polls t o get a clearer picture.
We must wa i t for more
- 73 -
TABLE 36
DECLINE I N AWARENESS OF THE ElROPEAN PARLIAMENT SINCE 1984 ELECTION
BY DEGREE OF COGNITIVE MO BI LI ZAT ION^
I l
I i March-Apr11 1984
I leaders (++)
i Non-leaders (--) I I I
I
I March-Apri1 1986 I Leaders (++)
1 Non-leaders (--) I
I I
85% I 92% [n-l39)1(n- 9 8 )
72 I 76 :n-364)1 (n-339)
63 I 53 :n-377)) (n-426)
41 I 40 ,n-163)l(n-239)
I 96% I 95%
(n= 90) I (n-107 82 I 84
(n-288)l (-278)
(11-295) (n-3281
63 1 61 (n-345) j (n-287)
I (nœ 55)} (n-107)
62 I 49 (n-212)) (n-309)
(n-301)) (n-330)
( n-439 I (n-256 1
72 I 74
74% I 72%
45 I 51
34 I 37
J
FRZl I I I 'I
(n-1 66) I ( nœ261 ) I ( "23)
(n-475)l(n-263)I (11-362)
60 I 59 1 76 (n-278)((n-263)l(n-514)
45 1 42 I 54 (n- 96) I (n-213) I (n-357)
80 1 75 I 80
The countr ies are given i n the same order from l e f t t o r i g h t as i n Table 34, i.e. i n descending order of the r e l a t i o n s h i p between the average 1984 and 1986 awareness levels. The f i gu res i n brackets i n d i c a t e the number o f i nd i v idua ls questioned i n each sub-group.
Because o f the small s i ze o f the Luxembourg sample (N = 300) the r e s u l t s and, by extension, any comparison o f the r e s u l t s f o r t he two dates, must be t rea ted w i t h considerable caution.
IMPRESSION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ON THE BASIS OF THINGS SEEN OR HEARD (Replies from those people who have seen o r heard something)
NL I B UK GR EC 10 D I F
x
24 I 27 28 I 43 29 I 25
I % I
I
19 I 5
703
OK
%
26 21 40 13
1 O0
416
18 25 32 25
1 O0
323
13 31 41 15
372
I
4;
44 20 22 14
11 I 10 I 17
100 100 100
486 415 373
I R L
f
29 25 33 13
12
100
3579
L
x
23 25 42 10
Don ’ t know
Total
N
5
1 O0
668
E
7 1 6
1 O0 1 O0
615 703
P
x
9 1 6
1 O0 100
534 6067
EC 12 (2) x
i I X I ktober 1982
&nerally favourable I 20
4:
’ 34 21 25
Yeither favourable nor unfavourabl Ìeneral ly unfavourable
Don’t know
Total
N
1 O0
567
34
100
600
36 27 22 15
1 O0
400
1 O0
531
50 20 20 10
100
184
15 19 61
5
1 O0
160
21 37 38
4
Ilarch-April 1983 Generally favourable I
I
4 P
Helther favourable nor unfavourable’ 31 21 14
General ly unfavourable Don’t know’
Total
N
March-Apr11 1985 Generally. favourable
100 I 100
-JY I
20 I 32
42 I 21 35 I 40
3 1 7
100
318
1 O0
514
I I I 38 25 31
6
52 24 19
5
1 O0 109 I 100 1 O0
580
1 O0
765
1 O0
236 555 I 700 610
... I...
IMPRESSION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ON THE BASIS OF THINGS SEEN OR HEARD (Replies from those people who have seen o r heard something)
B OK O F I R L I L NL UK GR EC 10 E (1)
X I x’ t x i x x x t x a: x 1
P EC 12
t x (2) ._
Weighted average.
* Including Spaln and Portugal .
Volunteered.
Don’t k m 3 1 12 1 7 7
Total 100 100 100 100 100
N 539
4 5 6 6 6 4
100 100 100 100 100 100
721 220 541 599 451 5278
Don’t know 5 e l 5 7 Total 100 100 1 O0 100
N 454 674 405 574
6 6 3 5 6 7 6 16 16 6
100 100 1 O0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
459 667 206 429 517 367 4754 559 565 5877
- 76 -
I n some countr ies i t would appear tha t the pos i t i ve opinion tends t o gain a l i t t l e ground as and when awareness declines; t h i s seems t o be t rue i n the case of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany and Ireland. The reason could be t ha t i n those countr ies i t i s the people most interested i n and most supportive of the Community who continue t o be receptive t o news about the European Parliament, whereas the general publ ic - less supportive o r more sceptical - tends t o lose in te res t .
I n some other countr ies ( I t a l y and France) awareness and favourable opinion tend t o move i n pa ra l l e l .
Elsewhere, the re la t ionsh ip between the two var iables i s not s i g n i f i - cant. As emphasized e a r l i e r both publ ic awareness and overa l l impression of the European Par l iament depend on numerous variables ( inc lud ing educa- t ion, degree o f cogni t ive mobi l iza t ion and a t t i t u d e towards the Comnunity), but the main f ac to r would ce r t a i n l y seem t o be the convict ion t h a t Parliament does no t have a very important r o l e a t present, even though the ma jo r i t y o f the pub l ic i n most countr ies would l i k e i t s r o l e t o increase i n the future.
IV.2 IMPORTANCE ATTACHED TO PARLIAMENT'S CURRENT ROLE AND HOPES FOR ITS R t
IV.2.1 Parl iament's current r o l e
With no major change since previous p o l l s except i n Denmark, where pos i t i ve opinions have increased appreciably, the answers t o the f i r s t question demonstrate qu i te c l e a r l y t ha t Parliament's current r o l e i s no t considered "very important".
To begin with, on average near ly 20% o f interviewees - as much as 40% o r over i n Spain and Portugal - were 'don ' t knows'. who answered f e l t i t s r o l e was e i t h e r "important" (38%) o r "not very important" (24%).
And most of those
(See Table 38)
See i n pa r t i cu l a r Eurobarometer No 24, p. 111.
.' IMPORTANCE OF PARLIAMENT IN THE LIFE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY~
L N L U K GR EC 10 E P
bril-llay 1977 Very Inportant Important Not very Important Not important a t a l l
Don't know 4 Index
March-April 1983 Very Important Important Not very important Not Important a t a l l
Don't know 4 Index
March-April 1984 Very important Important Not very important Not important a t a l l
Don't know 4 Index
October-November 1984 Very important Important Not very important Not inportant at a l l
Don't know 4 lndex
EC 12
i 1 2 i l 4 i 5 I 33 1 32 I 37 I 25 I 14 1 37 1 5 1 5 1 9
F IRL I
1 2 I 13 I 16
2.81 2.57 2.73
i 8 1 1 9 1 5
I 2.48 I 2.64 I 2.36
2 9 1 1 7 1 : I : I : I 2.96 2.69 I I 1 2.69
t I
X I
5 I 19 I
28 I 34 32 I 23 10 I 6
2.85 2.42
I -E--
I 16 I 34 I !9
I
1 6
2.74 2.68 2.52 2.67
9 I 24 I 14 45 I 41 I 45 22 I 14 I 22
22 I 18 I 1 7 2 1 3 1 2
2.55
2.77 I 3.03 I 2.87
6 I 18 I 10 38 I 35 I 35 31 I 20 I 2 7
3 1 8 1 5
I 2.59 2.58
22 I 19 i 23
2.61 I 2.78 , 2.65 2 . 4 2
2.59 2.75 2.81
14 13 18 24
2.71 2.60 2.13 2.49
IMPORTANCE OF PARLIAMENT IN THE LIFE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY~
March-April 1985 Very important 1 mpor t an t Not very important Not important a t a l l
Don't know
Index4
October-Movember 1985 Very fmportant Important Not very important Not important a t a l l
Don't know 4 Index
March-Apri 1 1986
Very important Important Not very important Not important a t a l l
Don't know 4 Index
. 12
. 14 i 12 i 1 1 i 13 i 25
' 14
'
14 30 I 12 13 -- 2.62 2.63 2.45 2.77 2.90 2.80 2.74 2.53 2.75 2.72 '2.67
25 I 3 5 I 1 2 I 2 2 I 1 8 I 1 7 I 1 2 i 13 i 16 i 29 i 17 i : 1 : '
2.56 2.72 2.33 2.74 2.89 2.17 2.71 2.53 2.73 2.86 2.63
I
A l l f igures i n t h i s t ab le are percentages o f the t o t a l number o f persons interviewed.
Weighted average, inc lud ing Greece from 1983.
Inc lud ing Spain and Portugal from 1986.
"Very important" = 4, "not important a t a l l " = 1; "don' t knows" excluded. The mid-point i s there fore 2.5.
- 79 -
2. Of 100 persons who replied Very important Imp0 r tan t Not very important Not important a t a l l
Total
21 18 16 15 41 46 50 51 31 31 27 27
7 5 7 7 100 100 100 100
For the same reasons, pro-Europeans a r e not necessari ly much more pos i t ive i n their assessment of Parliament's role. unlikely t h a t i n the present circumstances b e t t e r information on Parl ia- ment, i t s powers, r e spons ib i l i t i e s amd a c t i v i t i e s would be a key f a c t o r i n generating support f o r the Community.
I t therefore seems
IV.2.2 Parliament's future r o l e
When we switch t o the role t h a t interviewees would like the European Parliament t o play i n the f u t u r e , the react ions a r e much more positive.
"Don't knows'' a r e admittedly f a i r l y thick on the ground, notably i n Spain (51%) and Portugal (47%), bu t a l s o i n Greece, Denmark, Ireland and Belgium. pa r t i cu la r ly i n I t a l y , France, Luxembourg and Greece - a r e i n favour of a more important rol e f o r Parl iament.
However, the majortty - and of ten a subs tant ia l majority,
"Very important'' = 4, "not very important'' = 1; "don't knows" excluded.
- 80 -
These answers have been relatively stable since the question was f irst asked i n April 1983. Comnunity and European unif ica t ion b u t not w i t h awareness o f Par1 iament or views on i t s current role.
They correlate strongly w i t h attitudes towards the
(See Table 40)
A f i n a l po in t worthy of note is t h a t i n most countries op in ion leaders, who, as we saw earlier, tend t o feel t h a t Parliament's current role i s "not very important" are very largely i n favour of t h i s m e i n g strengthened in the future.
(See Table 41)
IV.3 PRIORITY ISSUES FOR DEBATE IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
The previous Eurobarometer contained a question on the problems i n respect of which decisions should be taken by each country separately rather t h a n by the member countries of the European Community.
The answers showed t h a t i n the case of most o f the problems and i n most of the countries a large majority was i n favour of ac t ion being taken a t European level. I t seemed worthwhile looking a t this more closelv since there was no way of knowina whether the Droblems most williñgly earmarked for European treatmek were. - also regarded as the most important.
The following question was therefore asked in March-April 1986:
" f fae ane a cahain nwnbm 06 p r t o b k m which have been debarted i n .the Empeun Pa&iamevllt. (SHOW CARD) looking art tki6 U t , can you t u me wkich m e ;the &ee tM agpea~ to you $0 be $he moht impohtant at .the p u e n t &e?''
Topping the 1 i s t o f problems considered most important were stimulating the economy t o help f i g h t unemployment and f i g h t i n g terrorism and crime, followed some distance behind by protecting the environment, f i g h t i n g rising prices and reducing the differences between regions. A t the bottom o f the l i s t came helping the T h i r d World, protecting national security against external threats, developing scientific and technical research, protecting consumers and guaranteeing energy suppl ies.
See Eurobarometer No 24, December 1985, pp. 64-81.
pol 1 ; these are shown i n Table 42. * There followed a l i s t o f the problems, the same ones for the previous
FUTURE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN PAR LIA MENT^
NL
x April 1983 The role o f the European Parliament should be: - more important - about the same - lesa tmportant
4
Don't know
UK GR
x x
October 1983 - llore important - about the same - less Important
4
Don't know
March-April 1984 - mre important - about the same - less tmportant
4
Don't know
October-November 1984 - more tmportant - about the same - less important
4
Don't know
4-44 I I
17 I 49 I 55 29 I 17 I 16 16 I 11 I
23 38 I 2:
19 I 57 I 60 30 I 12 I 14
f 21 29 I 2:
15 I 44 I SI 26 I 20 I 18
40 I 26 I 24
I I
22 I 10 I
I I
19 I 10 I 4
T I I
20 I 12 I 4
16 I 55 I 65 34 I 16 I 14
30 I 1s I 17
I R 1
x
41 20 10 29
46 18 12 24
40 22 11 27
47 23 10 20 -
lN3WtlIlklVd NV3dOklfl3 3Hl JO 31011 3lNllnJ I:
- 83 -
Opi n i on 1 eaders Noti-1 eaders
1. O f every 100 interviewed More importantl About the same Less important
Don ' t know
Total
(++I %
70 14 9 7
100
- 2. O f 100 persons who rep l ied
More importantl About the same Less important
7
(+) ( - ) (-4 % % %
57 48 36 12 9 8 17 18 14 14 25 42
100 100 100
75 15 10
' 67 64 62 13 13 14 20 23 24
To t a 1 100 100 1 O0 100
Comparison of the answers on the importance a t t r i bu ted t o these problems wi th the answers given l a s t autumn on preference f o r Community or national t c t i o n f o r deal ing wi th them shows a pos i t i ve a l b e i t s l i g h t correlat ion. I n other words, interviewees tend, on the whole, t o opt f o r European rather tharl national act ion f o r deal ing w i th problems t o which they attach a ce r ta in importance.
The deta i led resu l ts f o r each country confirm t h i s trend, although there are some exceptions: i n Ireland, Greece and even more so i n Belgium the cor re la t ion i s negative.
Some caution i s therefore i n order when i t comes t o in te rp re t ing these f igures. World came out top o f the l i s t o f problems f o r Comnunity ac t ion but far from top i n terms o f importance.
Be t ha t as i t may, i t i s in te res t ing t o learn tha t problems such as unemployment, terror ism and crime, environment protect ion and the f i g h t against po l l u t i on and r i s i n g prices are among those most l i k e l y t o focus pub l ic a t ten t ion on the debates o f the European Parliament - provided, of course, t ha t the press reports them and tha t something i s done.
I n e igh t o f the twelve countries, f o r example, helping the Third
(See Table 42)
Vol un teered. r = ,248 f o r the Comnunity o f Twelve as a whole. 2
PRIORITY ISSUES FOR DEBATE IN THE EUROPEAN PAR LIA MENT^
Stímulating the economy SO as t o help f íght unemployment
Fight ing ter ror ism and crime
Protect lng the environment and f i g h t i n g po l lu t ion
Fight ing r i s i n g prices
Reducing the differences between d i f fe ren t reglons by helping the least developed ones
Helping the countries of the Third World
Protecting nat ional security ' against external threat both
present and fu ture
Developing s c i e n t i f i c and techni- cal research i n the growth industr ies
Protecting the consumer agaínst fa lse or misleading advertising
Guaranteeing energy suppl ies
Don't know
8 t
50
47
32
54
16
8
11
18
13
11
4
OK I O a l t
47 I 49 I I I
21 I 22
I
I I
I
61 I 42
61 1 54
I 10 I 20
20 I 13
20 I 12
I
6 1 9
19 I 15
5 I 14
3 I 12
I I I I I I
68 I 68 I 61
68 I 59 I 58
23 I 24 1 38
38 I 62 I 38
I I I I
21 I 21 1 33
19 I 23 I 15
18 I 16 I 15 I I I I
I I I I
16 I 12 I 15
1 1 1 4 1 6
4 1 6 1 4
1 1 H l X I 3
45 I 59
74 I 57
44 I 49
I I I
I
20 I 2 0
I I
I 12 I 11
39 I 26
I 13 I 23
23 I 8
I
9 I 10
13 I 19
UK I GR 3 1 3
I I I
I
I I
I 6 1 6
57 I 51
62 I 36
25 I 21
31 I 46
I 17 I 20
24 I 15
24 I 29
I
12 I 4
16 I 11
5 I 12
E 3
59
47
24
34
33
19
8
11
6
2
16
- P t -
38
43
26
56
30
17
11
7
5
2
11
I 1 I
34 1 I
57 I
s l
35 I
I 24
17
16
15
9
7
i I I I
I I
I
I I
I
I
r m P
P N
I
I O0
s
EURO-BAROMETRE No 25 EURO-BAROWETRE Nr. 25
ANNEXES ET TABLEAUX DETAILLES / APPENDIX AND DETAILED TABLES
- A l -
INSTITUTS CHARGES W SOIIDAGE ET SPECIALISTES RESPONSABLES / INSTITUTES YHICH CARRIED OUT THE SURVEY A I O EXPERTS I N CHARGE (*)
BELGIQUE/BELGIE
DANIIARK
DEUTSCHLAND
ELLAS
ESPANA
FRANCE
IRELAID
ITALIA
LUXENBOURG
WEDERLAND
PORTUGAL
UNITED KIWGWII ("
DIMARSO N.V. rue des Colonies, 54, 8-1000 Bruxe l les T C l. : 021 219.24.08
GALLUP MARKEDSANALYSE A / S Gammel Vartov V e j 6, DK-2900 Hel lerup Tel. : Ol/ 29.88.00
EMNID- I NSTI TU T GmbH Bodel schw ingh s t r a k , 23-25a D-4800 B i e l e f e l d 1 T C 1. : 0521 I 260. O 10
I C A P HELLAS S.A. Vas. Sophias, 64, GR-Athinai 615 T C l . : 01/7225.651
I n s t i t u t o de Inves t igac ion GALLUP Ca l le Fortuny, 14, boc, E-nadrid 28010 TCl . : 1/410.43.45
INST ITUT DE SONDAGES LAVIALLE 6-8, rue du 4 Septembre F-92130 Issy-les-Mou1 incaux TC1. : 1145.54.97.11
I R I S H MARKETING SURVEYS L t d 19-20 Upper Pembroke S t r e e t IRL-Dublin 2 TC1. : 1/ 76.11.96
I S T I T U T O PER LE RICERCHE STATISTICHE E L'ANALISI DELL'OPINIONE PUBBLICA (DOXA G a l l e r i a San Carlo, 6 1-20122 H i lano TC1.: 02/790.871
IISTITUT LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES
6, rue du MarchC-aux-Herbes GD-Luxembourg T a l . : 0352147.50.21
NEDERLANDS I N S T I T U U T VOOR DE PUBLIEKE OPINIE ( N I P O ) B.V. Baren t rp le in , 7, NL-1013 NJ Amsterdam 161.: 020121.88.44
HORMA - Sociedade de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento de Empresas, S.A.R.L. Avenida 5 de Outubro, 122-80 P-1000 Lisboa TC1.: 1176.76.06
SOCIAL SURVEYS .(GALLUP POLL) 202 Finchley Road, UK-LONDON NY3 6BL 161. : 01/794 .04.61
SOCIALES (ILRES)
N ico le JAMAR
R o l f RANDRUP Poul HOELLER
Walter TACKE Klaus-Peter SCHOEPPNER Hcidrun BODE
Anthony LYKIARDOPOULOS Tilemachos DIB
Jorge J. MIQUEL CALATAYUD L u i s PAMBLANCO
A l b e r t LAVIALLE Florence FABRE
Charles COYLE
Ennio SALAMON Al fonso d e l RE
Louis MEVIS EdmCe M E V I S
Arnold WEIJTLANDT M a r t i n JONKER
J.A. VIDAL de OLIVEIRA
Norman WEBB Robert YYBROY
Coordination i n t e r n a t i o n a l e / I n t e r n a t i o n a l co-ordination: Heline RIFFAULT " F a i t s e t O p i n i o n s" 25, rue Cambon F-75001 P a r i s TC1. : 1/4296.41.65
Toutes l e s donnees r e l a t i v e s aux Euro-Barodtres All Euro-Barometre data a r e s to red a t t h e Bel- < son t deposhes aux '#Belgian Archives f o r t h e So- gian Archives f o r the Social Sciences ( 1 , Place
c i a l . Sciences", ( 1 Place Montesquieu, 8-1348 Montesquieu, 8-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve). They a r e Louvain-la-Neuve). E l l e s sont tenues 5 l a d i spo- a t t h e d i sposa l of a l l i n s t i t u t e s nembers of s i t i o n d e s organismes membres du European Con- the European Consortium f o r P o l i t i c a l Research sortium for P o l i t i c a l Research (Essex) , du In- (Essex) , of t h e Inter-Universi ty Consortiua f o r ter-Universi ty Consortium f o r P o l i t i c a l and So- P o l i t i c a l and Soc ia l Reseach (Michigan) and a l l c i a 1 Research (Michigan) e t des chercheurs jus- those i n t e r e s t e d i n s o c i a l sc ience research. t i f i a n t ¿ l u n intCrêt de recherche.
Pour tous renseignements sur l e s etudes dlopi- For a l l information regarding opinion surveys nion publique f a i t e s 3 l ' i n i t i a t i v e de l a Com- c a r r i e d o u t f o r t h e Commission of the European mission des CoimunautCs europeennes, & r i r e b Communities, p lease wr i te t o J.-R. RABIER, Spe- J.-R. R A B I E R , Conse i l l e r s p e c i a l , 200, rue de c i a l Counsellor, 200 rue de l a Loi, 8-1049 l a Loi, 9-1049 Bruxel les . Brussels .
(*) Les douze i n s t i t u t s actuel lement chargCs de c e s sondages ont form6 e n t r e eux THE EUROPEAN OMNIBUS SURVEY, dont l e coai tC de d i r e c t i o n comprend: Jan STAPEL (NIPO, Amsterdam), Norman WEBB (GALLUP INTERNATIONAL, London), Nicole JAMAR (DIMARSO, Bruxe l les ) , H C l h RIFFAULT e t Jean-François TCHERNIA (FAITS E T OPINIONS, P a r i s ) . / The twelve i n s t i t u t e s which c a r r i e d out t h e s e surveys have forned amongst themselves T H E EUROPEAN OMNIBUS SURVEY of which t h e Management Committee comprises: Jan STAPEL (NIPO, Amsterdam), Norman WEBB (GALLUP I N T E R N A- T I O N A L , London), Nicole JAMAR (DIMARSO, B r u s s e l s ) , Helene RIFFAULT and Jean-François TCHERNIA (FAITS ET OPINIONS, P a r i s ) .
(") Le sondage en Northern I r e l a n d e s t f a i t en c o l l a b o r a t i o n par Irish Marketing surveys e t So- c i a l Surveys (Gallup Pol l ) . / The Northern I re land survey is conducted j o i n t l y by Irish Mar- k e t i n g Surveys and Soc ia l Surveys (Gallup P o l l ) ,
ECHAITILLOIIAGE / SAIIPLIN6
L'objec t i f de l a methode d 'echant i l lonnage e s t The sample has been designed t o be representa- de couvr i r de façon r e p r e s e n t a t i v e l a t o t a l i t e t i v e o f the t o t a l population aged 15 years and de l a populat ion âgee de 15 ans e t p l u s , des dou- over of the twelve count r ies of the enlarged z e pays de l a CommunautC Clargie . L'Cchantillon- Community. In each country a two s tage sampling nage de chaque pays e s t c o n s t i t u 6 3 deux niveaux: method i s used:
10 Regions e t l o c a l i t e s d'enquête 10 Geographical d i s t r i b u t i o n
L'enquête a l i e u sur l 'ensemble du t e r r i t o i r e The survey covers the whole t e r r i t o r y o f , t h e des douze pays, s o i t 138 r ig ions . (Voir l i s t e twelve c o u n t r i e s i. e. 138 regions. (See a t t a- c i - j o i n t e p . A 4 ) . ched l ist p. A 4 ) .
Chaque pays a c o n s t i t u e aldatoirement un ¿chan- In each country a random s e l e c t i o n o f sempling t i l l o n- m a t t r e de loca l i tCS d 'enquête, de t e l l e p o i n t s is made i n such a way t h a t a l l types of s o r t e que t o u t e s l e s ca tegor ies d ' h a b i t a t s o i e n t a r e a (urban, r u r a l , e t c . ) a r e represented i n reprCSentees proportionnellement B l e u r s popula- p ropor t ion t o t h e i r populations. t i ons r e spec t i ves.
Au t o t a l , l e s in te rv iews ont l i e u dans envi- The in te rv iews a r e d i s t r i b u t e d i n more o r l e s s ron 1 350 poin t s d'enquête. 1 350 sampling po in t s .
- A 3 -
3.12
20 Choix des personnes i n t e r r o g e e s
Ces personnes i n t e r r o g e e s s o n t t o u j o u r s d i f f e - r e n t e s d 'une enqui i te à l ' a u t r e . L ' é c h a n t i l l o n - m a î t r e a l e a t o i r e evoque c i- dessus i n d i q u e l e nombre de personnes à i n t e r r o g e r 5 chaque p o i n t d 'enquête . Au s tade s u i v a n t , l e s personnes i n - t e r r o g e r son t designbes:
- s o i t p a r un t i r a g e au s o r t s u r l i s t e dans l e s pays ob on peu t a v o i r accès à,des l i s t e s ex- h a u s t i v e s d ' i n d i v i d u s ou de foye rs : Danemark, Lux enbourg, Pay s-Bas;
- s o i t p a r é c h a n t i l l o n n a g e s t r a t i f i é s u r l a ba- se des s t a t i s t i q u e s de recensement, l l e c h a n - t i l l o n k t a n t c o n s t r u i t B p a r t i r des c r i t h e s de sexe, âge e t p r o f e s s i o n : Be lg ique , France, I t a l i e , Royaume-Uni, I r lande ;
- s o i t p a r une methode combinant l e s deux prece- dentes (cheminement sys tgma t i que ) : Allemagne, G r i c e , Espagne, P o r t u g a l .
1 OD8
20 Choice o f respondents
F o r each survey d i f f e r e n t i n d i v i d u a l s a r e i n - t e r v i e w e d i n t h e master sample o f sampl ing p o i n t desc r i bed above. W i t h i n these sampl ing p o i n t s t h e i n d i v i d u a l s t o b e i n t e r v i e w e d a re chosen:
85.77
e i t h e r a t random f rom t h e p o p u l a t i o n o r e l e c- t o r a l l i s t s i n t hose c o u n t r i e s where access t o s u i t a b l e l i s t s o f i n d i v i d u a l s o r house- h o l d s i s p o s s i b l e : Denmark, Luxembourg, Ne- t h e r l a n d s .
o r by q u o t a sampl ing. I n these cases t h e quo tas a r e e s t a b l i s h e d by sex, age and occu- p a t i o n on t h e b a s i s o f census data : t h i s sys- tem i s used i n Belgium, France, I t a l y , U n i t e d Kingdon, I r e l a n d ;
o r by a method combin ing t h e two p receden t ones (Ilrandom rou te" ) : Germany, Greece, Spain, P o r t u g a l .
9 832
8 OK O GR F I RL I L NL UK
C E / E C i o E P
CE/EC 12
E c h a n t ' i l l o n s /
(Euro- Baroaht re no 25) J H i l l i e r s l x I x I Samples ( 2 ) I /Thou- l C E / E C l O ) C E / E C 121
sands
7 924 4 133
51 466 7 715
42 851 2 455
44 438 300
11 400 45 207
217 889
3.64 1.90
23.62 3.54
19.67 1.13
20.39 .14
5.23 20.75
100.00
I I
Dates I (Euro- Baromi t re no 25) I
26/11 1 - 1 4 / I I I / 1986 20-30/ I I I I
2 4 / I I I - 3 0 / I V I 21/ I I I- 12/ I V I 3 1 / I I I - 2 5 / I V I 27/ 111-1 1/ I V I 20/ I 11-1 1 / I V I 28/ I I I- 21/ I V I 26/ I I I - 4 / I V I
20/ I 11-1 1/ I V I 20/ I I I -30/ I V
- 1 28 854 I I 11.36 I 1 008 1 19/ II I - G / ' I V I I 7 314 I - I 2.88 I 1 O00 I 21/ I I I -14/ I V I 1 254 057 I - 100.00 11 840 19/ 111-301 I V I I
I 1 e s t r a p p e l 6 que l e s r e s u l t a t s obtenus p a r sondage son t des e s t i m a t i o n s d o n t l e degre de c e r t i t u d e e t de p r e c i s i o n dépend, t o u t e s choses é g a l e s d ' a i l l e u r s , du nombre des i n d i v i d u s cons- t i t u a n t l l é c h a n t i l l o n . Avec des e c h a n t i l l o n s de l ' o r d r e de 1 000, on admet géneralement qu'une d i f f é r e n c e i n f é r i e u r e à c i n q pour c e n t e n t r e deux pou rcen tages e s t au-dessous du n i v e a u accep tab le de con f i ance .
(1) 15 ans e t p l u s . / 15 yea rs and over . ( 2 ) Nombre d ' i n t e r v i e w s . / Number o f i n t e r v i e w s .
Readers a r e reminded t h a t sample survey r e s u l t s are e s t i m a t i o n s , t h e degree o f c e r t a i n t y and p r e c i s i o n o f which, e v e r y t h i n g b e i n g k e p t e- qua l , r e s t s upon t h e number of cases. W i th samples o f about 1 000, i t i s g e n e r a l l y admi t- t e d t h a t a pe rcen tage d i f f e r e n c e o f l e s s t h a n f i v e p e r c e n t i s below t h e accep tab le l e v e l o f conf idence.
BELGIQUE/BELGIE
Vlahms gewest
RCgion Nallonne
Bruxelles/Brossel
Antwerpen Brabant Hainaut Liège Limburg . Luxembourg Namur 00s t-V1 aanderen West -V 1 aander en
BUNDESREPUBLIK MUTSCHLAD
Schlesuig-Holstein
Hamburg
Niedersachsen Braunschweig Hannover Liineburg Weser-Ems
Bremen
Nordrhein-Nestf alen Diisseldorf K'd ln Münster Det mold Arnsberg
Hessen Darmstadt Kassel
Rheinland-Pfalz Koblenz T r i e r Rheinhessen-Pfalz
Baden-NUrttemberg S t u t t g a r t Kar lsru h e Fre iburg Tiibingen
Bayern Oberbayern Niederbayern Oberpf a l z Oberfranken Mi t te l f ranken Unterf r ank en Schwaben
0
REGIONS D'EWUETES
Saarland
Berlin (Nest)
DANMARK
Jy 11 and Sj ae1 land F y n
FRANCE'
Ile-de-France
Bassin parisien Champagne-Ardennes P icard ie Haute-Normandie Centre Basse-Normandie Bourgogne
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Est Lorraine Alsace Franche-Cort6
Ouest Pays de l a Loire Bretagne Poitou-Charentes
Sud-Ouest Aquitaine Midi-PyrCnCcs L imous i n
Centre-Est Rhane-Alpes Auvergne
M6diterran6c Languedoc-Roussillon Provence-Alpes-Cate
(Corse)
-
d'Azur
IRELAND
Donegal North West North Eas t West h id lands East Mid West South Eas t South West
-
- A b -
/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
ITALIA
Nord-Ovest Piemonte (Val le d'Aosta) L igur ia
Lombardia
Nord-Est Trentino-Alto Adige Veneto Friul i- Venezia Giu l ia
Emilia-Romagna
Centro Tosc ana Unbria Marche
Latio
Campan ia
Abrutti-Molise Abruzz i Mol í s e
Sud Pug1 i a B a s i l i c a t a Calabr i a
Sicilia
Sardegna
UNITED KIWGDOII
North
Yorkshire and Humber- side
East Midlands
East Anglia
Sout h-E ast
South-Nest
Neat Midlands
Worth-Nest
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
ELLAS
Kent r ik i Ellas k a i € v i a Pelop6nnissos Ibn io i Nissoi I p i r o s Thessa l ia Makedonia T h r a k i Nissoi Aigaiou Kriti
-
ESPANA
Noreste NEMRLARO Levante
Sur loord-Nederland Centro Groningen Noroeste Norte
F r i e s l a n d Drenthe
LUXERBOURG (GRAID-WCHE) -
Oost-Nederland PORTUGAL O v e r i j s s e l Gelderland Grande Lisboa
Grande Porto L i t o r a l
I n t e r i o r Sul
Nest-Neder 1 and Utrecht I n t e r i o r Norte Noord-H o 1 1 and Zuid-Holland Zeeland
Zuid-Nederland Noord-Brabant Limburg
- A 5 -
I I X I v-VI 1 x - X I I 'v-VI I X I 1 IV-v I x - X I I v-VI % x x % % % x
I
T A B L E A U 1 / TABLE 1
LE SENTIMENT GLOBAL OE SATISFACTION OE L A VIE / T H E FEELING OF O V E R A L L LIFE SATISFACTION
Dans l ' e n s e r b l e , êtes- vous tres s a t i s f a i t , p l u t ô t pas s a t i s f a i t ou pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t de l a v i e que vous menez ? / On the whole, a r e you very s a t i s f i e d , f a i r l y s a t i s f i e d , not very s a t i s f i e d , or n o t a t a l l s a t i s f i e d with t he l i f e you lead ?
x - X I I IV I x x
ISans rCponse/No reply I . 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 -
I Total I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
I N 1266 1507 1000 963 1077 988 1006 1013 1008 983
[ T r i s s a t i s f a i t / lvery s a t i s f i e d I P lu tô t s a t i s f a i t / í f a i r l y s a t i s f i e d l p l u t ô t pas s a t i s f a i t / I Not very s a t i s f i e d lPas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / (Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d I Sans r(ponse/No reply
I Total
I N
1 1980 1981 1982 1982 1933 1983 1984 I 1984 1985 1985 IV III-IV x III- IV x III- IV I x - X I III-IV x - X I x x x x x x x x x
I IV I I (Trks s a t i s f a i t / I x
ISans rCponse/No reply I 1 2 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
l l o t a l 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
I N 1009 949 1210 1020 1038 995 1018 1035 1016 1011
1986 I x x x x
I x
XII-IV I x x x x x
L
1 O0
1007
- A b -
IX v-VI x-XI v-VI X I IV-v x-XI v-VI x x x x x x x x
TABLEAU 1 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 1 (cont inued)
I 1.
x-XI IV x x
I JTras s a t i s f a i t / ¡Very s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / F a i r l y s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very s a t i s f i e d Pas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d Sans rCponse/No reply I . 4 9 1 1
I 100 100 100 100 100 100
1199 1073 1023 977 962 1010
J l o t a l
1
100 100 100 100 -1 992 983 1002 1073
I DANMARK
I 1973 I 1975 I 1975 I 1976 I 1976 I 1977 I 1977 I 1978 I 1978 I 1979 [
, 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985
51 I 51 I 36 I 49 I 50 I 54 I 53 I 54 I 58 I 51
44 I 41 I 51 I 45 I 42 I 42 I 41 I 40 I 38 I 43 I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
4 1 4 1 3 1 5 1 6 1 3 1 5 1 5 1 3 1 4
1 1 . I 1 1 1 1 1 1 . I I I I I I I 1
III-IV x
x III-IV x-XI III-IV x x x x
i 17- I V ITr¿s s a t i s f a i t / !Very s a t i s f i e d l p l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / ) F a i r l y s a t i s f i e d I 40 l P l u t 8 t pas s a t i s f a i t / I lNot very s a t i s f i e d 1 4 IPas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / I lNot a t a l l s a t i s f i e d I 1 /Sans rCponse/No rep ly I .
I 100 I Total
111 994
! ss
- 1 O0
1211 -
1981 IV x
59
x Tr¿s s a t i s f a i t / Ïii-iv
36
x % x x x x x x
3
Total I 100
N 1043
1 1
1 O0
1006 -
-
37
5
1
1982 X x -
57
39
3
1 - 1 O0
995 -
54 I I
41 I I
4 1 I
1 1
I 55 I I I
40 I I I
4 1 I
. I
58 I I
37 I I
3 1 I
. I
63
32
3
1
1027 1000 996 990 1022
',,,st 55 I
I 40 I
I I
4 1
995
I
I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
TABLEAU l ( s u i t e ) / TABLE l (continued)
1976 1971 1917
Trls s a t i s f a i t / Very s a t i s f i e d P lu tô t s a t i s f a i t / Fa i r ly s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t pas s a t h f a i t / Not very s a t i s f i e d Pas s a t i s f a i t du tout / Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d
1978 1978 1979 I 1973 I 1975 1 1975 I 1976 X I IV-V x - X I V-VI x - X I x x x x x
I X x -
17
65
15
2
IV x
13 I 14 I 19
66 I 65 1 60
16 I 17 I 17
I I
I I
I I 2 1 2 1 2
Sans r¿ponse/No reply I 1 ' 3 2
Total 1 100 100 100
N 1957 1039 1002
2
100
1004
IV IV III-IV x x x x x
III-IV x XII-IV x - X I III-IV x- X I x x x x; x x
22
1 2 I 100
I N 1009
60
4 3 2 1 5 3 1 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 1004 1328 1012 1049 1058 992 1053 1007 1028
15
x x
2 1
1 O0
1007
- - -
x x
19 i 24 i 21 i 20 i 24 i I I I I I
I I I I I 14 I 12 I 14 I 12 1 10 I
I I I I I 3 1 2 1 3 1 I I 2 1
62 I 61 1 61 I 65 I 62 1
x x x x
i (Tr&s s a t i s f a i t / IVery s a t i s f i e d I P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / I f a i r l y s a t i s f i e d l P l u t 8 t pas s a t i s f a i t / l l o t very s a t i s f i e d lPas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / l l o t a t a l l s a t i s f i e d ISans rCponse/No reply
x
I Total
DEU T SCHLAND I ~~~~ ~~ ~-
1980 1 1981 I 1982 I 1982 I -1983 I 1983 I 1984 I 1984 1 1985 I 1985 I
68 I 61 I 63 I 65 I 63 I 66 I 63 I 71 I 60 I 64 I
11 I 16 I 12 I 12 I 15 I 15 I 12 I 13 I 14 I 17 I I I I I I I I I I I
t I I ' I I t I I I I
1 I DE U 1 SCH L M D
¡Tras s a t i s f a i t / I Very s a t i s f i e d I P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / ( F a i r l y s a t i s f i e d ) P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / 1 Not very s a t i s f i e d )Pas s a t i s f a i t du tout / l l o t a t a l l s a t i s f i e d I Sans dponse/No reply
1 Total
- 1986
III-IU x -
25
63
10
2 -
1 O0
98 7
-
i I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I
1 I I I I I I I I I I I
I 1 I I
IX v-VI x x
XI v-VI XI IV-v x-XI v-VI x-XI I IV x x x x x x x x
1 2
100 100
2227 1156
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 . 1276 1241 1356 1256 1149 1276 1194 1152
x x x x x x x
1
100 100
993 1004,
1 1 1
100 + 100 100 100 100
1199 939 I011 1000 1008
TABLEAU 1 ( su i t e ) / l A B L E 1 (continued)
I ELLAS I I 1981 I 1982 I 1982 I 1983 I 1983 I 1984 I 1984 I 1985 I 1985 I 1986 1
i i IV
Ilriis s a t i s f a i t / I" ' III-IV - x
~x 7 x
17
39
29
14
III-IV x -
19
46
21
14
x-XI x -
15
I I I- I \ x -
22 4 I
x-XI x
13
III-IV x
19
X x
18 IVery sa t i s f i ed l p l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / I f a i r ly s a t i s f i e d I 39 l p l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / I ]Not very sa t i s f i ed I 20 lPas s a t i s f a i t du tout/ I l l o t a t a l l s a t i s f i e d I 22 (Sans rCponse/No reply I .
I 100 I Total
I N 1 O00 -
18
46 45 48
22
43 46 48 46
25 27 22 20 24 17
17 12 1
12 11 16 1
14 1
1 O0
1000
- - -
13 1 1 -
1 O0 - 100 100 100 100 1 O0
1 O00 - -
1 O0
1 O00 - 1 O0
1199 1000 - 1 O00 - 1000 - 1000
I I FRANCE I 1973 I 1975 I 1975 I 1976 I 1976 I 1977 I 1977 I 1978 I 1978 I 1979 I
Tris s a t i s f a i t / Very s a t i s f i e d Plutdt s a t i s f a i t / Fair ly s a t i s f i e d PlutSt pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very s a t i s f i e d Pas s a t i s f a i t du tout/ Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d Sqns rCponse/No reply
I Total
15 I 16 I 15 I 14 I 10 I 11 I 13 I 12 I 11 I 10 I I I I I I I I I I I
62 1 59 1 59 ( 59 ( 59 I 57 ( 60 I 59 I 59 I 58 I
7 FRANCE
1980 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1986 G t -4-d III-IV x-XI
1 1984 x-XI
x -
11
62
21
5 1
1 O0
1006 -
NTr¿s s a t i s f a i t / Very s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / Fair ly s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very s a t i s f i e d Pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d Sans rCponse/No reply
I Total
10 i 12 I I
60 ( 58
16
63
13
60
11
63
15
60
12
60
13 i 10 i 63 I 58 I
I , I I I
18 I 22 I I I
- A g -
x x x
TABLEAU 1 ( su i t e ) / TABLE 1 (continued)
2; x t x x x
I I FRANCE I;
I 1
I 100
1004
i
i I lriis s a t i s f a i t / lvery sa t i s f ied l p l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / ]Fairly sa t i s f ied ( P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / lNot very sa t i s f ied )Pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / I Not a t a l l s a t i s f ied I Sans rdponse/No reply
I Total I Y
I IX I v-VI x-XI 1 v-VI XI IV-v x-XI x x x x x x .
I l i r i i s s a t i s f a i t / P l
v-VI x-XI IV I x x x
ISans r¿ponse/No reply I . I Total I 100 100 100 100
I N 1199 1000 998 1007
I I IRELANO i
1
100 100 100 100 100 100
981 1008 997 1005 1005 997
. I 1 1 1
100 100 100
1008 1005 1181
Tr¿s s a t i s f a i t / Very sa t i s f i ed P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / Fairly sa t i s f ied P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / Mot very sa t i s f i ed Pas s a t i s f a i t du tout/ Not a t a l l sa t i s f ied Sans rkponse/No reply
Total
N
1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1007 987 1002 1000 1008 1009 1008
JTris s a t i s f a i t / [Very sa t i s f i ed ] P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / (Fai r ly sa t i s f i ed I P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / [Not very sa t i s f i ed )Pas s a t i s f a i t du tout/ lNot a t a l l s a t i s f i ed I Sans rCponse/No reply
I Total
I I X v-VI x-XI v-VI X I IV-v x-XI v-VI x-XI x x x x x x x x
T d s s a t i s f a i t / I x
i N
IV x
- 6 1 0 -
TABLEAU 1 (sui te) / TABLE 1 (continued)
ISans rCponse/No reply I 1 3 1 1 1
l l o t a l I 100 100 I00 100 100 too
IN 1909 1043 1110 923 1052 1025
IRELAND I
100 100 100 100 ,-
1155 1175 1030 1178
I IV IV I III-IV x III-IV x x x t t x
Tris s a t i s f a i t / 1 % III-IV x-XI III-IV X-XI
x % % x
I ITALIA I
Sans rCponse/Wo reply I . Total 1 100
N 1116
. I ' I 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1183 1301 1025 1031 1033 1060 1097 1127 1047
- A l l -
x x x
TABLEAU 1 ( su i t e ) / TIBLE 1 (continued)
x
I I X T A L I A !
fras s a t i s f a i t / Very sa t i s f ied P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t ] Fairly sa t i s f ied P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very sa t i s f ied Pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / Not a t a l l sa t i s f ied
1 Sans rCponse/No reply
Total u
I I I Tres s a t i s f a i t / !Very sa t i s f ied I P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / \Fairly sa t i s f i ed ) P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / ]Not very sa t i s f ied lPas s a t i s f a i t d u tou t / (Not a t a l l sa t i s f ied I Sans rCponse/No reply '
I Total
I N
1980 I V x
1986 I l I I
1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 IV 111-19 x III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI x x x x x x x x x
.qqqq-?- 1103
1
100 100
300 300
1 1 2 2 2 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
399 300 300 306 300 299 300 300
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
&
i lh r&s s a t i s f a i t / #Very sa t i s f i ed P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / Fairly sa t i s f ied P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very sa t i s f ied Pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / Not a t a l l sa t i s f ied Sans rCponse/No reply
1973 1975 1975 'x" 1 VEVI 1 x;1
30 I 26 I 39 I I
49 j 45 j 49 I
'W 330 311 297
LUXEH8OURG
1976 1976 1977 1977 v;1 1 y 1 I y 1 x;1
30 I 31 I 39 I 38
58 I 57 I 51 1 51 I I I 1 I 1
I I I 7 1 7 1 9 1 9
1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 . I .
268
1978 v-VI
x -
40
50
9
1 -
1 O0
322 - -
I T T Z t w 34 I 33 I
--+q I I I I
1 3 1 5 1 I I
2 1 1 1
49 I 60 I
291 299
- A 1 2 -
%
TABLEAU 1 ( su i t e ) / TABLE 1 (continued)
x; t % x x x x x
I
ISans r(ponse/No reply i 1 I I Total I 100
I N 299
l LUXE N8OU RG I
I
-
i 1 Tras s a t i s f a i t / (Very sa t i s f i ed l p l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / IFairly sa t i s f i ed ) P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / l l o t very sa t i s f i ed lPas s a t i s f a i t du tout/ l l o t a t a l l s a t i s f i ed
I 1973 I 1975 ' 1975 1976 1976 1977 I 1977 I 1978 I 1978 1979 I IX I v-VI x-XI v-VI XI IV-v I x-XI I v-VI I x-XI IV
x x x x x 3 t x x Tras s a t i s f a i t / P l
~-
Sans rCponse/No reply I 1 6 6 1 1
Total 1 100 100 100 100 100
N 1464 1093 1006 904 1123
I I 52 I I 5 I I 1
1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 :: 1033 943 1131 913 974
i i i i ' I I I I
i I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I 1 I I I l I I I I I
l I IV I
Tr4s s a t i s f a i t / 1 % IV III-IV x III-IV x I III-IV x-XI x x x x x x x
Sans r6ponselWo reply I . I 1
Total ' I 100 100 100
N I 999 1091 1228
1 1 1 2
100 100 100 100 100
1056 998 1050 ìOl5 1018
1 1985
1 %
III-IV
40
50
6
2 2
100
985
- -
1
1068 I
- L 1 3 -
x x x x I I I
x 1
% III- IV^ I
x .%
TABLEAU 1 (sui te) / TABLE 1 (continued)
I x %
Tras s a t i s f a i t / Very satisfie.d P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / Fairly sa t i s f ied P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very sa t i s f ied Pas sa t i s foai t du t o u t / Not a t a l l sa t i s f ied Sans rhponse/No reply
Total
N
1 I 1 O0
NEDERLANO c
1001 L
i i i I I I I I I I I I I
1 I 1 1 i i
53 I I I I i 1 I I I I I
x x t x x x x x x I X I
i i I I I I I I
I I 1 I I I I I I i 4 i i
1 I I I I I I I I I I
1 2 1 1 1 1 I 1
100 100 100 I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1.933 1328 1438 1340 1351 1414 1351 1426 1339 1317 A
(Tras s a t i s f a i t / IVery sa t i s f ied I P i u t a t s a t i s f a i t / IFairly sa t i s f ied )Plutôt pas s a t i s f a i t / )Not very sa t i s f ied )Pas s a t i s f a i t du tout/ lNot a t a l l sa t i s f ied isans réponse/No reply
(Total
Tras s a t i s f a i t / Very sa t i s f ied P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t1 Fairly sa t i s f ied P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very sa t i s f ied
IPas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / Not a t a l l sa t i s f ied Sans r(ponse/No reply
I G R E A T BRITAIN (1973) and UNITED KINGDOM I I 197.3 I 1975 I 1975 I 1976 I 1976 I 1977 1 1977 I 1978 I 1978 I 1979
1983 1983 1984 1984
i 33 i 33 i 29 i 28 i 28 i 29 i 30 i 34 i 32 i 27 i
III-IV x
i i i i i i i i i I
x III-IV x-XI x xi t
I I I I I I I I I I I I 3 1 3 1 5 1 5 1 4 1 5 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 3 1
G R E A T BRITA I
1980 I 1981 I 1982 I 1982 ; 1 'x' ~II;-IV 1 34 I 32 I 36 I 35
52 I 52 1 50 I 51 I I 1 I 1 1
s i 1 0 1 s i 10
5 1 5 1 4 J 3 1 I I
i i i I I 1
10 I 11 I 10 I 10
3 1 5 1 3 1 3
1348 1277 1355 1405
1985 III-IV
x -
33
54
9
4
1 O0
1443 - -
I -a- 30 I
1 55 I
i 11 I
I
T A B L E A U 1 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 1 (continued)
I 1
x x x x x x x I I iv--- iTr8s s a t i s f a i t /
(Very s a t i s f i e d I P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / IFair ly s a t i s f i e d J P l u t ô t pas s a t i s f a i t / (Not very s a t i s f i e d lPas s a t i s f a i t d u tout / )Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d I Sans rbponse/No reply
x
I Total 1 100
9822
1986 III-IV
x x x x x x x x
I I T 5
1
100
1008
i? i l l r l s s a t i s f a i t /
I
I N 1003
I
I
I
PORTUGAL
I
x x x x x x i x? I J T r a s s a t i s f a i t / x x x
ISans rbponse/No reply I 1
l l o t a l I 100
I 1000 1 1
100
1000 L
- A 1 6 -
x x
TABLEAU 1 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 1 (continued) I
I I COHWUNAUTE/COHMUNITY (EUR 12) ( 1 )
x x
1 1985 I 1986 I I x x
i ITrgs s a t i s f a i t / IVery s a t i s f i e d I 18 I 22 I I I I P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / I I I I I IFairly s a t i s f i e d I 56 I 58 I I I ( P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / (Not very s a t i s f i e d (Pas s a t i s f a i t du tout/ l N o t a t a l l s a t i s f i e d lSans rCponse/No reply i 1
I Total I 100
I N 11849
. 1
100 I 11831
& I
I I I I I I
I I I
l
( 1 ) Y coapris l'Espagne e t l e Portugal a partir d'octobre-novembre 1985. / Including Spain and Portugal froa October-Noveaber 1985.
- A 1 7 -
1975 1976 1976 1977 1978 1978 1979
TABLEAU 2 / TABLE 2
1982 1983 1983
LE SENTIMENT DE BONHEUR / THE FEELING OF HAPPINESS
v - V I v - V I X I x- XI v - V I x- X I I I V I x I I I - I V x x x x x x x x x
Tout compte f a i t , pouvez-vous d i r e co rnen t vont l e s choses pour vous en ce morent ? Vous sentez-vous vra iment heureux, assez heureux, ou pas t r o p heureux en ce moment ? / l a k i n g a l l t h i n g s together , how would you say t h i n g s are these days - would you say you a r e very happy, f a i r l y happy, o r n o t t o o happy
these days ?
x x
i I
)Very happy l v r a i m e n t heureux/
I Assez heureux/ I F a i r l y happy (Pas t r o p heureux/ \ N o t t o o happy I Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y
( T o t a l
I"
I 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 4 1 5
1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ' 1507 963 1077 1006 1013 1008 983 1020 1038
4 1 , 100
995 -
I r r a i m e n t heureux/
I Assez heureux/ I F a i r l y happy (Pas t r o p heureux/ (No t t o o happy I Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y
l T o t a 1
I v erY h aPPY
1984 1985 1986 x - X I I x - X I I I I I - I V
1 x 1 x x
1H
I x
I x
I x
I x;
I x x
Vraiment heureux/ v erY h aPPY Assez heureux/ F a i r l y happy Pas t r o p heureux/ Not t o o happy Sans rbponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N
1 2
1 100
I 1035
2 3 I I 100 100
1011 1007
4 4 I
3 I I I I I
v - V I I v - V I X I x x x
DANMARK
x - X I v - V I x - X I I V x I I I - I V x x x x x z
1975 I 1976 I 1976 1 1977 1 1978- 1 1978 1 1979 1 9 8 2 T 1 9 F
100 100 I 100 100 100 100 , 100 1 100 100 I I I I
38 I 31 I 35 I 33 I 37 I 33 34 I 29 29
49 I 57 I 52 I 57 I 52 I 55 \ 59 I 46 I 52
6 1 6 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 5 1 2 0 1 14
I I I I I l I I
I I I I I I I I
1073 977 962 992 983 1002 1073 995 1027
,19831
36 I I
47 I I
14 I
Tq 1 O00
TABLEAU 2 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 2 (cont inued)
i 1984 I x - X I
I l v r a i a e n t heureux/ I I
1985 1 1986 I I
%I x x % x x I x - X I I I I I - I V I
x x x
Vra iaen t heureux/ Very happy Assez heureux/ F a i r l y happy Pas t r o p heureux/ Not too happy Sans rCponse/Wo r e p l y
T o t a l
N
(Sans r6ponse/no r e p l y I 3
I T o t a l I 100
990
4 3 I 100 100
995 1043
1975
I I I I I I I I I I 21 I 18 I 19 I 12 I 15 I 16 I 13 I 13 I 15 I 16 I
1976 1976 1977 1978 1978 1979 1982 1983 1983 v- V I I v - V I
x x
I V r a i a e n t heureux/
I Assez heureux/ IF a i r l y happy I Pas t r o p heureux/ l N o t too happy I Sans rCponse/Ho r e p l y
í v e r y happy
I
X I x - X I v - V I x - X I I V x I I I - I V x x t x x x x x Y
I Tota l
I H
100 100 100
1039 1004 1007
DEUTSCHLANO I
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
999 996 1006 1003 1012 1049 1058
1984 1985 1985 I I I I I I t
5 1 6 1 2 3 5 1 7 4 5 4 4
12 I 14 i 16 i i i i i i i i I I I I I I I I I I
70 I 67 i 68 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
15 1 16 I 13 I I I I I I I . I
x- X I x
x - X I I I I - I V x x x x x x x x x
4
100
3 3
100 100 ----------- 100 --- I I I 100 100
1053 1028 987 L
1053 1028 987 L
x x x x x x x
I
- 9001
001
I oz
E9
31
x I X - x S861
x A I - I I I 9861
6E11 9611
OOI OOI
2 E
9121
001
2
% [ % I t A I I X - X I A- A
y 0001 II01
001 001
I I
6L61 i 8L61 i EL61
6C6
oot 1
3 3 N W
x % I X - X I X
I /xnaJnaq J u a q e J A x X I
I A - A I A- A I I ' sL61 I l L 6 1 9L61 9L61
I
0001 0001
001 ooi 1 I
0001 0001 0001 0001
oot OOI 001 oor I 1 I I 2
- 61 V -
x x 4; x x x x f x 3: AI-III I X - X I X - X X 9961 S86I 3861 E861
I I I AI-III I X E861 2961
TABLEAU 2 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 2 (cont inued)
I IRE LAND
I I 1975 I 1976 I 1976 I 1977 I 1978 I 1978 I 1979 I 1982 1 1983 I 1983
c '-
i
IVery happy I V r a h e n t heureux/
(Assez heureux/ I F a i r l y happy I Pas t r o p heureux/ (Not too happy I Sans rCponse/Ho r e p l y
I l o t a l
I"
x x x t x x; x x x x 17 i 35 i 26 i 40 i 26 i 29 i 37 i 32 i 34 i 32 i
I I I 1 I I I I I I
I x- X I x - X I I I I - I V x x
V r a imen t heur eux/ I '
53 i 56 i 55 i 53 i 59 i 57 i 53 i 56 i 54 i 57 i I I I I I I I I I I
x x x x I
t x Y
1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1000 1007 981 997 1005 1005 997 1007 987
Sans r6ponoe/No r e p l y I 1 1 1
T o t a l
N 1008 1008 1002
I
ITTY-------- b
2-t
( v - V I I v - V I x
IVraiment heureux/ P l X I x - X I v - V I I x - X I I V x I I I - I V x x x x x x x
Sans r(ponse/lo r e p l y I 2 4
T o t a l I 100 100
N 1'1043 923
I 59 I
I y 1033
2 1 I 3 1 2 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1052 1155 1175 1030 1178 1025 1031
- A 2 1 -
TABLEAU 2 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 2 (cont inued)
I I I - I V x x x
I 1.Gi-L 1 x;1 i x;1
Vraiaent heureux/ Very happy 1 11 1 10 Assez heureux/ I I
Pas t r o p heureux/ I I F a i r l y happy I 58 I 60
Not too happy I 29 I 29 Sans reponse/No r e p l y I 2 I Tota l
N
I x x x
I x x
Vraiaent heureux/ Very happy Assez heureux/ F a i r l y happy Pas t r o p heureux/ Not t o o happy Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y
1 1
100
1103
I
1-
i 1976
X I x
1975 I 1976
24 i 12 I I
50 I 64
2 i I 19 5 1 5 1
1977 1978 1978 1979 x- XI v - V I x - X I I V
x x x x
Tota l ! 100 ! 100
x
N I 311 I 268
x x
Vraiaent heureux/
Assez heureux/ F a i r l y happy Pas t r o p heureux/ Not too happy Sans r&ponse/lo r e p l y
To ta l
N
V c ry h appy
x I I I - I V
19 I 28 I 1
69 I 63
x I
ITALIA I
1 4
100 100
300 300
1986 I I I I
2
100
304
I I I - I V x x x x x x x x
LUXEMEOURG
1986 I I I I I I
31 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
61 I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I
5 1 I I I I l I
1 O0
299
- A 2 2 -
TABLEAU 2 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 2 (cont inued)
1 v - V I I v - V I 1 x 1 x
I I NE OER LAN0 I
X I x- X I v - V I x - X I I V x I I I - I V x x x x x x x x x /Vraiment heureux/
I Assez heureux/ If a i r l y happy (Pas t r o p heureux/ lNo t t o o happy I Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
I N
I Very happy
I T o t a l 100
1093
[Vraiment heureux/
I Assez heureux/ I F a i r l y happy I Pas t r o p heureux/ lNo t too happy ISans rCponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
I N
I Very happy
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
905 1123 943 1131 913 974 1056 990 i050
I 1975 I 1976 I 1976 I 1977 I 1978 I 1978 I 1979 I 1982 I 1983 I 1983
1984 x - X I
x
1985 1986 x - X I I I I - I V
x x x x x x x x x
31 I 38 I 35 I 47 I 44 I 39 I 50 I 44 I 43 I 41 I I I I I 1 I I I
2
100
1018
54 i 52 i 56 i 46 i 49 i 52 i 45 i 47 i 50 i 50
7 1 3 1 8 1 6 1 8 101 8 1 7 1 S l 6 1 I I I I I I I I I
1 2 I 100 100
1068 1001
I v - V I
Vraiment heureux/ I ' v - V I X I x - X I v - V I x - X I I V x I I I - I V x
x x x x x x x x x
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 1
T o t a l I 100
N 1325
1 1 1 2 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1340 1297 1351 1426 1339 1314 1335 1348 1277
Vraiaent heureux/
Assez heureux/ F a i r l y happy Pas t r o p heureux/ Not too happy Sans r&ponse/No r e p l y
To ta l
N
Very happy
1986 I I I - I V
x % x t x x x
Vraiaent heureux/
1 Assez heureux/ 1 F a i r l y happy /Pas t rop heureux/ not too happy /Sans rlponse/No r e p l y
Very happy
x
Tota l
II
v - V I v - V I X I x- XI v- VI x - X I I V x I I I - I V x x x t x x x t x
- a a -
TABLEAU 2 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 2 (cont inued)
x x
27 I 29
59 I 57
14 I 13
I I
3 3 2 1
100 100 100 100
9590 8635 9263 8978
2 4 2 2 2 2
100 100 100 100 100 100
9297 8791 8932 9689 9790 9725
i I
i I
i I
i I
i I
i I
i I
i
COHHUNAUTE / COnHUNITY (€UR 10) (1)
1975 1976 1976 1977 1978 1978 1979 1982 1983 1983
16 I 19 I 15 I 20 I 17 I 15 I 22 I 18 I 19 I 16 I I
I 54 I 58
27 I 20
I I I I I I I 1
I I I I I I I I 55 I 62 I 58 I 59 I 60 I 59 I 60 I 61 I 28 I 17 I 23 I 22 I 16 I 21 I 19 I 21 I
I COMMUNAUTE / COHMUNITY (EUR 10) (1)
I 1984 I 1985 I 1986 I I l l I I I Vraiaent heureux/ Very happy Assez heureux/ F a i r l y happy Pas t rop heureux/ Not too happy Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N 9909 9846 9822
( 1 ) Y coapr is l a Grace a p a r t i r de 1982. / Inc lud ing Greece f r o a 1982.
- 1 2 6 -
Vraiment heureux/ i x?
TABLEAU 2 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 2 (cont inued)
x x x x x x x x x II1-IV
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 2
To ta l I 100
N 1003
3
100
1008 L
! I COMWUNAUTE / COWWUNITY (EUR 12) (1) 1
i x-xl I I Vraiment heureux/ x x x x x x x x x
II1-IV
(1) Y compris l'Espagne e t l e Por tuga l A p a r t i r d'octobre-novembre 1985. / I n c l u d i n g Spain and Por tugal from October-November 1985.
(Sans rCponse/No r e p l y 1 2
I Tota l I 100
I N 1000
2
100
1000 -
I x- X I
Vraiment heureux/ I I I I - I V
x x x x x x x x x
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 2
T o t a l I 100
W 11849
1
100
11831
- A 2 5 -
Sans rCponse/No rep ly I 6 I 15 13
T o t a l I 100 100 100
N 1266 1077 988
TABLEAU 3 / TABLE 3
21 13 I 21 14
100 100 100 100
1006 1013 1008 983
LE SENTIMENT DE SATISFACTION QUANT AU FONCTIONNEMENT OE LA DE#OCRATIE
THE FEELING OF S A T I S F A C T I O N WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORKS
Dans l'ensemble, ?tes-vous t r a s s a t i s f a i t , p l u t a t s a t i s f a i t , p l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t ou pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t du fonctionnement de l a d h o c r a t i e (dans vot re pays) ? / On the whole, are you very s a t i s f i e d , f a i r l y s a t i s f i e d , no t very s a t i s f i e d , o r no t a t a l l s a t i s f i e d w i t h the way democracy works ( i n your country) ?
i BELGIQUE / 8ELGIE I i I I I I I 1 I I 1973 I 1976 I 1977 I 1977 I 1978 I 1978 I 1979 1979
X x -
8
39
25
12 16
1 O0
1032 - -
7 1980 I 1981
l
I I
I
+-E- 4 1 7
30 I 28
32 I 31
TrCs s a t i s f a i t / Very s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / F a i r l y s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very s a t i s f i e d Pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
I BELGIQUE / BELGIE i
I 1982
ly I 1 7 I I 33 I I 32 I I 17 I 11
I 100 I-
N I 1210
1982 I 1983 I 1983
1 I
I I I I
4 ) 4 ) . 5
40 I 39 I 48
29 i 27 i 27
14 I 17 I 11 I I
1020 1038
1984 1 1984 I 1985 I 1985 III-IV I x - X I I III-IV I x- X I
X I X I X I x i i i
6 1 4 1 5 1 7 I I I
38' i 43 i 47 i 51
34 I 33 I 27 I 24
17 I 15 I 14 I 12
I I I
I I I
1986 I I
I I 7 1 I I 1
43 I I I I
25 I I I I
I
- k t
1007
- A 2 6 -
TABLEAU 3 ( su i t e ) / TABLE 3 (continued)
I
Tras s a t i s f a i t / Very sa t i s f i ed Plutôt s a t i s f a i t / Fairly sa t i s f i ed Plutôt pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very sa t i s f i ed Pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / Not a t a l l s a t i s f i ed Sans rhponse/No reply
Total
N
i 2 ' 2 8 3 5 5 6 1 5 5 1 4 -
I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 . -- 1199 962 1010 992 983 1002 1073 1029 1024 1009
1973 1976 1977 IX XI IV-v x x x
1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1981 X x-XI x-XI x-XI v-VI x-XI IV
x x x x; x x x
I I I I - I V x I III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x x x x x x
I ITrgs s a t i s f a i t / I x
x-XI III-IV x x x
lSans rCponselNo reply I 4
I Total I 100
I N 1211
6 6 7 5 6 4 7 4
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
995 1027 1000 996 990 1030 995 1043
1 : " I /Trgs s a t i s f a i t /
IV-v x-XI v-VI x-XI IV X x-XI x-XI x % Y x x x x x x
(Sans rCponse/No reply I 1
I Toial I 100
I N 1957
2 4 4 5 1 6 1 5 6 6 7
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 : 1007 1005 999 996 1006 1003 1005 1008 962
- A 2 7 -
1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986
x x x x x x x x x III- IV^ x I III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI III-IV
T A B L E A U 3 (sui te) / TABLE 3 (continued)
I x
1
4 7 7 10
100 100 100 100
1328 1012 1049 1058
I I I I I I I I I I
7 1 3 5 3
100 100 100 100 100
992 1053 1007 1028 987
Tr8s s a t i s f a i t / Very sa t i s f ied P lu ta t s a t i s f a i t / Fairly sa t i s f ied Plutôt pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very sa t i s f ied
lpas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / 'Not a t a l l s a t i s f i ed sans r&ponse/No reply
I 1980 1981 I 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 I x-XI x-XI I III-IV x III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI
Y x x x x x x x x
1 Total
I N
*
¡Sans r&ponse/No reply i 2 . 7 8 8 7 8 6 6
I Total I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1000 1000 1199 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
8 7
100 100
1000 1000
4 I
I I ELLAS I
I I 4
x x Y
--I-T-- ++- I I I I I I
x x
I I I I I I * In 1 O00
I I I I I 1
I I
I I
I I
- A 2 8 -
x
TABLEAU 3 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 3 (continued)
x %
I I F R A N C E I
1982 III-IV
x
I ITras s a t i s f a i t / (Very s a t i s f i e d I P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / I F a i r l y s a t i s f i e d I P l u t ô t pas s a t i s f a i t / lNot very s a t i s f i e d (Pas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / l l o t a t a l l s a t i s f i e d I Sans r¿ponse/No reply
I Total
1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 x III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI III-IV x x x x x 'x x x x
- 1973 IX x -
4
37
30
16 13
1 O0 7
-
14 I 9
100 100
1199 939
I N I 2227
10 I 11 8 10 I 8 10 12 I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1011 1000 1008 1006 1017 1006 1001
1976 XI x - 4
38
31
15 12
1 O0
1356
-
1973 IX x
1977 IV-v
x 7
38
29
16 10
1 O0
1256
1976 1977 1917 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1981 X I IV-v x-XI v-VI x-XI IV X x-XI x-XI x x x x x 3 x x x
1977 x-XI
2
100
x 5
44
29
11 11
1 O0
1149 - -
6 5 9 7 10 10 6 1 6 1 10
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1978 v-VI
x 5
44
27
13 11
1 O0
1276 -
1978 x-XI
x 4
36
34
17 9
1 O0
1194
1 1 I
I I I I I I
i
1979 I V x
4
37
30
17 12
1 O0
1152
-
JTris s a t i s f a i t / (Ve.ry s a t i s f i e d ( P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / IFa i r ly s a t i s f i e d ( P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / \Not very s a t i s f i e d (Pas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / l l o t a t a l l s a t i s f i e d I Sans r(ponse/No reply
I Total
I N
I (Tris s a t i s f a i t / )Very s a t i s f i e d ( P l u t ô t s a t i s f a i t / IFa i r ly s a t i s f i ed ( P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / lNot very s a t i s f i e d lPas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / INot a t a l l s a t i s f i e d I Sans rCponse/No reply
I f o t a l
L'L I
- A 2 9 -
1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985
x x x x x x % rII-Iv\ x III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV
T A B L E A U 3 ( su i t e ) / TABLE 3 (continued)
1985 1986 x-XI III-IV
x Y x Tras s a t i s f a i t / Very sa t i s f i ed PlutSt s a t i s f a i t / Fairly sa t i s f i ed P l u t a t pas sa t i s fa i t / Not very sa t i s f i ed
lPas s a t i s f a i t d u t o u t / ' N o t a t a l l s a t i s f i ed 1 Sans rhponse/No reply
I Total
111 9 1 6 s l 7 6 1 6 1 7 1 7
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1181 1007 987 1002 1000 1008 1009 1008 1002
I l i rgs s a t i s f a i t / IVery sa t i s f i ed I P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / (Fairly sa t i s f i ed l p l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / l N o t very sa t i s f ied (Pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / ) N o t a t a l l s a t i s f i ed Isans r€ponse/No reply
I Total
I N
I,
L
¡Triis s a t i s f a i t / IVery sa t i s f i ed ) P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / (Fairly sa t i s f i ed l p l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / lNot very sa t i s f ied /Pas s a t i s f a i t d u t o u t / (Not a t a l l s a t i s f i ed ISans r6ponse/No r e p l y
)Total
1973 1976 1977 1977 1978 IX XI IV-v x-XI v-VI
x x x x X I
I N
1978 1979 1979 1980 1981 x-XI IV X x-XI x-XI
x x % x x
III-IV x x x
III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI III-IV x x 4; x x x x x
4 1 4
100 100
1301 1025
100 I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
3 3 4 1 3 3 3
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1031 1033 1060 1097 1127 1047 1103 i
ITALIA
1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986
i I
i i i i i i i i i 31 I 39 \ 34 I 31 \ 31 I 26 I 27 \ 26 1 24 I
- A 3 0 -
I 100 100 100 100 100
330 301 302 344 322
TABLEAU 3 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE (continued)
I I
100 100 100 100 100
291 299 298 300 500
I ( ~ r & s s a t i s f a i t /
x x x x x
Very s a t i s f i e d P lu tô t s a t i s f a i t / Fa i r ly s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very s a t i s f i e d Pas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d Sans r¿ponse/No reply
Total
N
x
I LUXEMBOURG I
I IX I XI I IV-v I x-XI 1 v-VI I x-XI I IV I x I x - X I I x-XI I
I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I 9 1 8 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 5 1 4 1 I 11 I 17 I 5 1 8 1 7 1 5 1 6 1 2 ) 1 1 3 1
1 1973 I 1976 I 1977 I 1977 I 1978 I 1978 I 1979 I 1979 I 1980 I 1981 1 l x I x l x l x l f . l r Z , l t l x l X I x l I 16 1 13 I 15 I 24 I 24 I 15 I 17 I 23 1 18 I 16 I
I 36 I 41 I 56 I 44 I 43 I 48 1 44 I 50 I 59 I 59 I
I 28 I 21 I 22 I 20 I 24 I 29 1 29 I 23 I 17 I 18 I
Total I 100
N 399
100 100 100
300 300 304
Tr¿s s a t i s f a i t / Very s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / F a i r l y s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very s a t i s f i e d Pas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d Sans rCponse/No reply
I IX X I I IV-v x-XI v-VI I x-XI IV x I x-XI % x x x x x x x I ‘
I I 1982 I 1982 I 1983 I 1983 yq ; iII\-IV i I 14 I 12 1 13 I 11 I I I I I 49 I 47 I 49 1 49 I I I I I I I I I 9 1 8 1 6 1 10 I 2 1 5 1 9 1 8
I 26 I 28 I 23 I 22
I I
x-XI %
I , l o I 100
I 1464
LUXEMBOURG I 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986
1 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 : 1123 1033 943 1131 913 974 1092 1114 1011
11 i 11 i 15 i 18 i 20 i I I I I I I I
53 I 57 I 57 I 49 I 55 I I I I I I I I
20 I 24 I 20 I 21 1 17 I I I I I I I I
2 1 6 1 2 1 I
i Tr8s s a t i s f a i t / IVery s a t i s f i e d ( P l u t d t s a t i s f a i t / / F a i r l y s a t i s f i e d I P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / /Not very s a t i s f i e d lPas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / (Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d /Sans rCponse/No reply I I Total
I N
- A 3 1 -
I I I I - I V ] x I III- IV t 3 P l
TABLEAU 3 ( su i t e ) / TABLE 3 (continucd)
I 1
x III- IV I x- XI I III- IV 3 x x x
i l r a s s a t i s f a i t / (Very sa t i s f ied ( P l u t t t s a t i s f a i t / IFairly sa t i s f ied ( P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / l l o t very sa t i s f ied (Pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / lNot a t a l l sa t i s f ied I Sans rCponse/No reply
I Total
I N
I 5 3 4
I 100 100 100
1228 1056 998
5 3 3 6
100 100 100 100
1050 1015 1018 985
I IX XI IV-v x-XI x 1 x
Tr8s s a t i s f a i t / I ' v-VI x-XI IV t t x
- IG
Sans r(ponse/No reply I 2 6
Total I 100 100
w I 1933 1351
x-XI i III-IV i 3 x x
5 8 7 9 7
100 100 100 100 100
1614 1351 1626 1339 1317
9 1 1 0 1 I I
I I
I I 9 1 5 1
49 I 51 I
28 I 25 I
1983
ioon
1984 1984 1985
1979
x x
X x -
III-IV x-XI III-IV x ' x
7
45
28
13 7
1 O0 - I 1603
1980 I 1981
I I I
42 I 42
27 I 29
(Tr&s s a t i s f a i t / IVery sa t i s f ied I P l u t t t s a t i s f a i t / ) F a i r l y sa t i s f ied ( P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / l l o t very sa t i s f ied (Pas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / lNot a t a l l sa t i s f ied (Sans r#ponse/No reply I
GRE
1982 I 1982 I 1983
I
I 25 I
I 9 1
-46 I I
45 I I
23 I I
12 I
12
52
23
7 q-i-p 1419 1335 1348
. I
1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 I I I I
I 49 I 49 I 48 I 44 I I I I
I I I I
i I 20 I 25 I 27 I 30
1 1 2 1 9 1 1 0 1 13
IC
I I
i I I 1 I I
ìOOM - 1985 x-XI
x -
9
43
' 29
15
I
I
4 100
1383 -
I 7 4 III-IV
8 1 I I I
43 I I I I
31 I I I I
I
1378
- A 3 2 -
1977 1978
TABLEAU 3 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 3 (continued)
I 1
1976 1979 1979 1980 1981
Tr¿s s a t i s f a i t / Very s a t i s f i e d P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / Fa i r ly s a t i s f i e d P l u t ô t pas s a t i s f a i t / Not very s a t i s f i e d Pas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d Sans rCponse/No reply
Total
N
~ 100
8936
1973 1 1976 I 1977
100 100 100 I 100 100 100
9327 8788 8976 9021 9001 9911
8
40
33
13
I I COWIIUNAUTE / COIIUUNITY (EUR 10) (1) I
Tris s a t i s f a i t / 1 % I 1962 1962 1963 1963 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986
I IIII-IV x III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI III-IV
I Very s a t i s f i e d I 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 6 1 s l 8 1 7 1 7 1 P l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / I I I I I I I I I I I F a i r l y s a t i s f i e d I 41 I 41 I C l I 43 I 42 I 43 I 42 I 42 I 47 I I P l u t a t pas s a t i s f a i t / I I I I I I I I I I I Not very s a t i s f i e d I 30 I 26 I 30 I 28 I 30 I 32 I 31 I 31 I 28 I I Pas s a t i s f a i t du tou t / I I I I I I I I I I I Not a t a l l s a t i s f i e d I 14 I 16 I 15 I 14 I 14 I 13 I 14 I 14 I 12 I I
j x x x x x x x x x
Sans r6ponse/No reply I 7 I 7 6 7 6 4 5 6 6
Total I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
N 11676 9689 9790 9725 9766 9909 9936 9846 9822 -
7
42
29
16
I xi? I / T ras s a t i s f a i t /
7
44
28
16
x x x x x x x x
113484 I 9210 I 9044
Sans rCponselNo reply I 10 I 11
Total I 100 100
N I 1003 1006
I I
x-XI x
6
46
26
13
v- V I x
6
49
21
12
x-XI i I V i x i x-XI i x-XI x x x x x
6 1 6 1 7 1 7 1 8
43 I 43 I 44 I 40 I 42
30 I 28 I 27 I 30 I 28
14 I 16 I 15 I 17 I 14
I I 1 I
I I I I I I I I
I
I 4 I I
I I I I I
( 1 ) Y compris l a G d c e i p a r t i r d 'octobre 1960. / Including Greece from October 1980.
ITrgs s a t i s f a i t / (Very sa t i s f i ed l p l u t a t s a t i s f a i t / IFairly sa t i s f i ed l p l u t s t pas s a t i s f a i t / ( N o t very sa t i s f i ed lPas s a t i s f a i t du t o u t / INot a t a l l s a t i s f i ed !Sans rCponse/Ho reply 13 i
1 O0
1000
I Total
L I N
1986 III-IV
x x x x x x x
- A 3 3 -
T A B L E A U 3 ( su i t e ) / T A B L E 3 (continued)
x
- 1985 x - X I
x -
7 1 I I I 1 O0
11831
34
-
34
N
19 13
1 O0
1000
- - -
11849
I
1986 I 1 1
I I= i x - X I
Trls s a t i s f a i t / I"
COMHUNAUTE / COMMUNITY (EUR 12) ( 1 )
( 2 ) Y compris l'Espagne e t l e Portugal ?J par t i r d'octobre-novembre 1985. / Including Spain an,d Portugal f ro r October-November 1985.
- A 3 4 - I
I Sans réponselNo r e p l y I 14
I N 1298
( T o t a l I 100
TABLEAU 4 / TABLE 4
11 10 17 12 18 15 17 13
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 : 1077 988 1006 1013 1008 983 1032 1009
L'ATTITUDE FONOAHENTALE A LIEGARD OE LA SOCIETE / BASIC ATTITUDE TOWARDS SOCIETY
, A c t i o n r 6 v o l u t i o n n a i r e / Rev o l u t i on ar y a c t i on RCformes/Ref orms DBfense con t re l a subversion/ Defence against subversion Sans r€ponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N
Sur c e t t e c a r t e (HONTRER C A R T E ) se t rouven t t r o i s a t t i t u d e s fondamentales v is- a- vis de l a soc idté dans l a q u e l l e nous vivons. Voulez-vous c h o i s i r l ' a t t i t u d e q u i correspond l e mieux a vos idees personnel les ? (UWE SEULE REPONSE). 1.11 f a u t changer radicalement t o u t e l ' o r g a n i s a t i o n de n o t r e soc ié té par une a c t i o n r h o l u t i o n n a i r e . 2.11 f a u t amel iorer p e t i t a p e t i t n o t r e soc ie te par des reformes (1). 3.11 f a u t d6fendre courageuseaent n o t r e soc id te a c t u e l l e con t re tou tes l e s forces subversives. / On t h i s card (SHOW CARD) are
I t h ree basic k i n d s of a t t i t u d e s vis-A-vis t h e soc iety ue l i v e in . Please choose the one which bes t descr ibes your oun opinion. 1.The e n t i r e way o u r soc ie ty i s organized aust be r a d i c a l l y changed by r e v o l u t i o n a r y act ian. 2.0ur s o c i e t y must be g radua l l y improved by reforms (1). 3.0ur present soc ie ty must be v a l i a n t l y defended against a l l subversive forces.
1 1983 ] 1986 I 1984 1 x I I I I - I V I x - X I X I X I X
I I I 6 1 8 1 4 1
I I I , 61 1 67 I 65 I
20 1 17 I 26 I 13 I 8 5
100 100 100
995 1018 1035
I
I 17
I 100
1022
i I I I I I / A c t i o n r e v o l u I Revolut ionary
17 14 10 15
100 100 100 100
949 973 1210 1020
I I- 8ELGIQUE / BELGIE l I
I I
i i BELGIQUE / BELGIE i I I l I 1980 I 1981 I 1981 I 1982 I 1982 I x - X I I I V I x - X I I I I I - I V I x 1 x 1 X I X I X I X
~ 1983 I I I - I V
X -
5 61
19 15
100
1038
- - -
(1) En 1970: par des reformes i n t e l l i g e n t e s . / I n 1970: by i n t e l l i g e n t reforms.
- A 3 5 -
1985 1985 1986
x III-IV x-XI III-IV I
x x x x x
TABLEAU 4 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 4 (continued)
I l
x x x Action rhvolut ionnaire/ Revolutionary action RCfories/Reforis Dhfense contre l a subversion/ Defence aga ins t subversion Sans rdponse/Wo reply
Total
x III-IV x-XI III-IV I
x x x x x
BELGIQUE / BELGIE I
I x x x
3 1 7 ‘ 8
100 100 100
1016 1011 1007
i i i
I I I I I I I
I I I I
1 I
6 1 6 1 7 1
I 1 I 21 I 22 I 21 I
70 I 65 I 64 I l I I I I I ’ I I I I I
DANMARK 1 . 1970 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 111-1111 XI IV-v x-XI v-VI x-XI
x x x x x Action r¿volut ionnaire/ Pl
1979 1979 1980 IV X IV x x x
Action revolu t i onnaire/ Revolutionary act ion
, RCformeslReforms DCfcnse contre l a subversion/ Defence aga ins t subversion Sans rCponse/Wo reply
Sans r¿ponse/No reply I : 7 6 2 4 6 6 5 7
Total I : 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
N : 962 1010 992 983 1002 1073 1029 994 :
I 52 I 5 6 I 55 \ 56
I 43 I 38 I 38 I 39 I I I I
1980 x-XI
x
! 4 1 4 1 5 1 3
1981 1981 1982 IV x-XI III-IV x x %
x x
DANMARK I 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984
III-IV x III-IV x-XI x x x x
2
100
995
4 5 6 7
100 100 100 100
1027 1000 996 990 ~
Total I 100
W 1024
100 100 100
1006 1009 1211
TABLEAU 4 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 4 (continued)
x
I T
x x I 'fiction rCvolutionnaire/ Revolutionary act ion RCf ormes/Reforms OCfense contre l a subversion/ Defence against subversion Sans r€ponse/No reply
Total
l
11-111 x
DANMARK
1985 1985 1986 I I I I I
XI IV-v x-XI v-VI x-XI IV X IV x x x x x x x x
1 2
8
100
2021
I 61 I 33
7 7 7 8 I 11 7 9 12
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1007 1005 999 996 1006 1003 1005 1009
1 - 2 I 100
I DEUTSCHLAND
I 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 I x-XI IV x-XI III-IV x III-IV x III-IV x-XI x x x x x x x x
Action rCvolutionnairc/ I '
N I 1030
- .-
.-
~ x-XI x
1 62
Sans rCponse/No reply 1 7
Total I 100
N I 1008
30 7
13 11 13 14 7 10 15 7
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1004 962 1328 1012 1049 1058 992 1053
1 O0
995
1 III-IV x
2 60
33 5
100
1043 I
+I I I I I I I l I I
-tS I I OEUTSCHLANO I
i IAction r ivolutionnaire/ I Revolutionary act ion I RCformes/Reforms (OCfensc contre l a subversion/ IOefence against subversion I Sans r¿ponse/No reply
I Total
i" I -
1970 I 1976 I 1977 I 1977 I 1978 I 1978 I 1979 I 1979 I 1980 1
- A 3 7 -
IIII- IV^ x-XI I III-IV x x x x
Act ion rdvo lu t ionna i re / P l
TABLEAU 4 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 4 (cont inued)
x x x x
Sans rdponse/No r e p l y I 10 10 a I I I Tota l I 100 100 100
N I 1007 1028 987
I
I
I I I I I
l 1
I 1
I x-XI Act ion rdvo lu t ionna i re / 1 %
IV x-XI x x
ELLAS
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y 1 5
Tota l I 100
N 1000
-1982 1 1982 I 1983 1 1983 I 1984 III-IV x I III-IV x III-IV
6 1 7 1 7 1 9 1 6
l x x x x x
, 62 I 54 I 60 I 56 I 6b
23 I 29 I 26 I 25 I 23 I I I I
7 I 11
100 100
1000 1000
I 3 3
7 1 57 I
I 23 I
IIII-IV
1 %
I ELLAS
I 1985 I 1985 1 1986 I I I I I I x-XI III-IV
x x Action rbvo lu t ionna i re / Revolut ionary ac t ion RCfories/Reforis DCfense contre l a subversion/ Defence against subversion Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
x x x x x x
l o t a l I 100
M 1000
100 100
I000 1000
i i i i i i I. I I I l I I I I I ,I I I I I I I I
- 4 3 8 -
Ac t ion rCvo lu t ionna i re / I x
TABLEAU 4 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 4 (cont inued)
x x x . % x
I I FRANCE I
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 5 1 5
T o t a l I 100 100
N I 2046 1356
I 1970 I 1976 I 1977 I 1977 I 1978 I 1978
5 5 s l 5
100 100 100 100
1256 1149 1276 1194
I N 986
- 1979 IV x -
IIII-IV
A c t i o n rCvo lu t ionna i rc / 1 %
I 9 68
x-XI III- IV f x t x x % x %
16 7 -
~ 100 - ' 1152 -
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y 1 3
T o t a l I 100
W 1017
1979 X
2 3
100 100
1006 1004 -
x 10 63
19 8
100
986
1980 I
9 1 5 65 I 65
I
1006
-
FRANCE ~-
1982 1 - 1 9 8 2 1 1983 1 1 9 8 3 I 1984 I 1984 III-IV I x I III-IV I x I III-IV I x - X I
4 1 5 1 6 67 I 66 I 63
23 I 26 I 25 I I
1199 939 1011
8 1 6 1 7 65 I 67 I 66
21 I 23 I 22 l I
S l 4 1 5 I I
I m ; I 100 1 100
1008 1006
- A 3 9 -
1970 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979
TABLEAU 4 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 4 (continued)
1980
1 Action rCvolutionnaire/ IRevolutionary action lRCforaes/Reforas IDCfense contre l a subversion/ (Defence aga ins t subversion I Sans rCponse/No reply
JTota l
11-111 XI IV-v x-XI v-VI x-XI IV X x x x x x x x x
(Action rbvolut ionnaire/ (Revolutionary act ion I RCforaes/Reforas (OCfensc cont re l a subversion/ IOcfence aga ins t subversion I Sans rCponsc/No reply
I Total
111
IV x
:
:
10 8 13 I 11 I 12 4 7 1 12 I> 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
981 1008 997 1005 1005 997 1006 1008 -
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 x-XI IV x-XI III-IV x III-IV x III-IV x-XI
x x x x x x x x x
8
100
1007
I I IRELAND I
9 10 12 12 8 8 6 9
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1005 985 1181 1007 987 1002 1000 1008
¡Action rCvolutionnaire/ IRevolutionary act ion I R6foraes/Reforas (DCfense contre l a subversion/ )Defence aga ins t subversion I Sans rCponse/No reply
I Total
I I I I - I V l x I 1985 I 1985 I 1986 I I I I I I t
x-XI III-IV x x t x % x x x
1 7
I 100
1009
i I
i i I I
I I I I I I I 1
i i I I
6 1 4 1 4 1 i 59 I 67 I 53 I I.
I I I 28 1 19 ( 33 (
10 10 I I ~,
100 100
1008 1002 L
!
I ITALIA
- A b o -
I [I,:,,[ 1;-Y
/ A c t i o n r¿vo lu t ionna i re /
TABLEAU b ( s u i t e ) / TA8LL 4 (cont inued)
1 Revolut ionary a c t i o n i 7 1 1 3 ) 11 R C f or res/Ref o ras I 73 I 66 I 58
Defence against subversion I 11 I 18 I 28 Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
DCfense con t re l a subversion/ I I I
x x x x
I ITALIA
1 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 I x - X I I V x - X I I I I - I V x I I I - I V x I I I - I V x - X I
x x x x x x x x Act ion r i v o l u t i onna i re / I x
N 1822 1052 1025
~-
x - X I x
10 61
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y 1 4
T o t a l I 100
W 1108
27 2
2 4 5 5 G 5 5 4 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 -.'
1183 1070 1301 1025 1031 1033 1060 1097
100
1155
IIILIV I ( A c t i o n r d v o l u t i o n n a i r e / l x
v - V I x
x-XI III-IV x x x x x x x %
8 58
31 3
100
1175
g i 7 1 9 1 6 1 63 I 63 I 60 I 58 I
I I I I 24 I 26.1 27 I 32 I 6 1 4 1 4 1 4 1
100 1 100 I 100 i m} 1030 1178 1170
I I ITALIA i
I I
1 Revolut ionary act i on I 6 1 7 1 8 1 I l l I i I R¿foraes/Reforrs I 70 I 71 I 62 I I I I l I IDCfense con t re l a subversion/ I I I I I I I I I I (Defence against subversion I 21 I 19 I 25 I I I I I I I I Sans rCponse/Wo r e p l y 1 3 3 5
( T o t a l I 100 100 100
I 1127 1047 1103
- A 4 1 -
I LUXEM6OURG
I 1970 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 I I I- I I I X I I V- v x - X I v - V I x - X I I V X I V
x x x x x x x x Action revolut ionnaire/ 1 %
T A B L E A U 4 ( s u i t e ) / T A B L E 4 (cont inued)
-
1 Sans rCponse/Wo reply 1 7 17 9 13 8 8 6 3 5
/To ta l I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
335 301 302 344 322 291 299 298 300 ,_
-
1984 - 1 1984 I I x - X I I V x-xx
x x I 1 Action r ivo lu t ionna i re / l x
X I I - I V I x - X I + I X I - X V x I X I - I V x x x x x
2 1 2 1 72 I 64 I
I I 21 I 29 I 5 1 5 1 I Sans rCponre/No reply I 6
I Total I 100
300
5 4 3 5 7 6
100 100 100 100 100 100
300 500 399 300 300 304
IIII-IV .J I /Action r ivo lu t ionna i re / 1 %
x-XI III-IV x x x x x x x x
I Sans riponse/No reply I 5 ( T o t a l I 100
I N 300
7 3
100 100
300 299 L
Act ion rCvo lu t ionna i re / Revolut ionary a c t i o n R¿fornes/Reforns 3Cfense con t re l a subversion/ Jefence aga ins t subversion Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
l o t a l
H
1970 11-111
x
- A 4 2 -
TABLEAU 4 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 4 (cont inued)
1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980
x % % % x x % % XI IV-v I x-XI I TV-v x-XI IV X IV
4 7
100 100
1230 1123
' A c t i o n rCvo lu t ionna i re / Revolut ionary a c t i o n
I RCfornes/Reforns OCfense con t re l a subversion/ Oefencc aga ins t subversion Sans r¿ponse/lo reply
T o t a l
N
5 4 4 6 7 6 1 4 -
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1033 943 1131 913 974 1092 999
I NEDER LAN0
I x-XI l x I 1980 I 1981 I 1981 I 1982 I 1982 I 1983 I 1983 I 1984 I 1984 I
IV x-XI III-IV x III-IV x III-IV x-XI x x x x x x x x
I 5
I 100
1114
4 10 5 4 4 6 5 5
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 : 1091 1011 1228 1056 998 1050 1015 1018
! I NEDERLAND I 1985
III-IV x Act ion r i v o l u t i o n n a i r e /
Revolut ionary a c t i o n RCformes/Reforns OCfense con t re l a subversion/ Defence aga ins t subversion Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
I N
1985 1986 x-XI III-IV
x x x x x x x x
6
100
985
- 6 4 [ 100 100
1068 1001
x x x x x . IX-X AI-III I X AI-III X
I /oJ!euuo!qnloA)J uo!qSy x x x 1 x 1 AI-III IX-X I AI I IX-X I I
9SfI EO91 LIE1 6EEI 9131 I S E 1 9191 ISE1 :
oot 001 001 001 001 OOI 001 001 : I - 9 1 9 : I
i
x % x x x x x x 1 A I X AI I IX-X I IA-A IX-X A-AI I X 111-111
I I
9961 3961 E861 E961 2861 2861 1961
YOO9NI)I 031INfl
’ I 0961 6161 6L61 9L61 9L61 LL61 L161 9161
- E V V -
- A 4 4 -
kction rbvc lu t ionna i re / l x
TABLEAU 4 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 4 (continued)
x x x x %
I F
i Revolutionary act ion 1 : i 8 1 8 1 6 1 5 1 7 1 )Cforres/Reforrs I : I 6 0 1 5 5 1 5 5 1 5 5 ) 5 9 1
lcfcnce a g a i n s t subversion I : I 26 I 31 I 32 1 33 I 27 I jans rCponse/No reply
lotal
)(fense con t re l a subversion/ I I I 1 I I I
I x-XI
1 %
COMUNAUTE / C. . ‘NUNITY (EU 1 1970 I 1976 I 1977 I 1977 I 1;;-
IV x-XI III-IV x x x
x x
t 10) ( 1
III-IV x III-IV I x-XI x % x x
1979 IV %
5 62
26 7
1 O0
8976
-
I I
Action rCvolut ionnaire/ 1 %
COllllUNAUTE / COMMUNITY (EUR 10) (1 )
I 1985 1985 1986 II I I- IV x-XI III-IV
t x 4: x x x % x
l
1979 X x
7 57
29 7
1 O0
9021
- -
Sans rCponse/No reply I 6
N I 9926
Total I 100
1980 IV x
6 55
31 8
1 O0
8802
- -
6 6
100 100
9846 9822
COMMUNAUTE
¡Action r (vo lu t ionna i re / 1 Revolutionary act ion I R#formes/Reforms )ObfenSe c o n t r e l a subversion/ /Defence a g a i n s t subversion I Sans rCponse/No reply
I Total
~
‘ COHHUNITY (LUR 10) (1 ) ~ ---7 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984
5 1 4 1 6 1 4 1 5 1
I I I I I 57 I 60 I 60 I 63 I 63 I 30 I 30 I 27 I 25 I 26 I
( 1 ) Y compris l a G r h depuis octobre 1980. / Including Greece from October 1980.
- A 4 6 -
I I BfLGIOUE / BELGIE
I 1962 1970 1973 1975 1975 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 III-III 11-111 I X v - V I X x - X I I V X I V x - X I
I x t t x x x x x x
I JTrgs pour/ 1 %
TABLEAU 5 / TABLE 5
i
-
ATTITUDE A L'EGARD OE L'UNIFICATION DE L'EUROPE OCCIDENTALE
ATTITUDE TOWARD THE UNIFICATION OF WESTERN EUROPE I
ISans rCponse/No r e p l y I 30 29
I 770 1298
I T o t a l I 100 100
D'une façon gCnhrale, ?tes-vous pour ou cont re l e s e f f o r t s q u i sont f a i t s pour u n i f i e r l 'Europe occiden- t a l e ? SI POUR, ?tes-vous t r a s pour ou p l u t a t pour ? SI CONTRE, êtes-vous p l u t ô t cont re ou t r a s cont re ? / I n general , a re you f o r , o r aga ins t e f f o r t s be ing made t o u n i f y Western Europe ? I F FOR, are you very much f o r t h i s , o r on l y t o some ex ten t ? I F AGAINST , are you on ly t o some ex ten t aga ins t o r very much aga ins t ?
DonnCes provenant pour l e s a n d e s 1962/1967, y compris j u i n 1962, des sondages commanditis par l a U.S. I n fo rma t i on Agency e t , pour l e s a n d e s suivantes, a i n s i que pour f k v r i e r l m a r s 1952, des sondages commandiths par l a Commission des Coaaunautks europkennes. Nonobstant quelques d i f fCrences de formula t ion , l a quest ion ( t a i t i n i t i a l e m e n t :II Etes-vous en g6nCral pour ou con t re l e s e f f o r t s q u i sont f a i t s en vue d ' u n i f i e r l 'Europe occ identa le 'I? En Grande-Bretagne (de 1955 b 1967). en Allemagne (de f C v r i e r 1955 b a v r i l 1956, a i n s i qu'en j u i n 1962). en I t a l i e (en 1955 e t 1962). l a ques t i on p r k i s a i t :I'.. . l 'Europe occidentale, y compris l a Grande-Bretagne". En 1970, 1973 e t 1975, il C t a i t demand6 aux i n d i v i d u s i n te r rogCs s ' i l s C ta ien t favorab les , i nd i f fC ren ts , ou dCfavorables l ' u n i f i c a t i o n europienne. C f . : IILlOpinion pub l ique e t l 'Europe des S i x " ; Sondages, Pa r i s , no 1 - 1963, P. 46 ; "Les Europ¿ens e t l ' u n i f i c a t i o n de I IEurope, B ruxe l l es , j u i n 1972. pp. 71/72 ; Euro- Barod t re no 4, d¿cembre 19'4, pp. 54/56.
35 42 39 25 22 23 26 25
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ,: 1266 1507 1000 1008 983 1032 1009 1022
The d a t a f o r 1952/1967, i n c l u d i n g June 1962, a re from surveys f inanced by the U.S. In format ion Agency and, f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g years, as w e l l as February/Harch 1952, from surveys f inanced by the Commission of t h e European Communities. Notwi ths tand ing soue d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e wording, the quest ion was, i n i t i a l l y , as f o l l o w s : ''Are you i n general f o r o r aga ins t making e f f o r t s towards u n i t i n g Western Europe" ? I n G r e a t- B r i t a i n ( f rom 1955 t o 1967). i n Germany ( f rom February 1955 t o A p r i l 1956, as w e l l as i n June 1962). t he ques t i on s p e c i f i e d : I l . . . Western Europe, i n c l u d i n g Great- Br i ta in" . I n 1970, 1973 and 1975, t h e i n te rv iewed i n d i v i d u a l s we re asked whether they Yere i n favour , i n d i f f e r e n t o r not i n favour of t h e European u n i f i c a t i o n . C f . : ' ' l 'Opinion pub l ique e t l 'Europe des S i x ; Sondages, Par is , no 1-1963, p. 46 ; "Europeans and European u n i f i c a t i o n" , Brussels, June 1972, pp. 71/72 ; Euro- Barod t re no 4, December 1975, pp. 54/56.
Royaume-Uni ( y compris Northern I r e l a n d ) b p a r t i r de 1975. / Un i ted Kingdom ( i n c l u d i n g Nor thern I r e l a n d ) f rom 1975.
- A 4 7 -
Tras pour/ For very much P l u t ô t pour/ ,For t o some extent P l u t a t contre/
,Against t o some extent 1 Tres contre/ IAgainst very much I Sans riponse/No r e p l y
‘ T o t a l
I N
31
100
949
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (continued,)
30 I 25 19 21 I 13
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
973 1210 1020 1038 995 1018 1035
23 21
1986 III-IV
x
30 ] 19 I
54 I 59 I
4 1 6 I
x x x x 3 x x x x
I BELGIQUE / BELGIE
X x
Tres pour/ F o r very auch P l u t a t pour/ For t o some extent P l u t a t contre/ Against t o some extent Tr¿s contre/ Against very auch Sans rCponselNo r e p l y
To ta l
N
x-XI IV X IV x-XI . IV x-XI x x x x x x x
21
100
1023
i I
i I
i I
i i i I I I
I I I i 2 1 I I I
20 20 16 21 20 20 18
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1002 1073 1029 994 1024 1006 1009
18
100
1007 -
I IX
Tres pour/ 17
I l7
I 28
For very much P l u t b t pour/ For t o some extent P l u t ô t contre/ t g a i n s t t o some extent I 14 T r i s contre/ I hgainst very much I 18 Sans rCponse/lo r e p l y 1 23
Tota l I 100
I 1199
- 1975 v-VI
x -
17
24
13
17 29
1 O0
1073
- - -
DANMARK
1975 1978 I 1979 I 1979 I 1980 I 1980 I 1981 I 1981
15 i 15 i 14 i 13 i 12 i 16 i 17 i. 12
27 I 33 1 35 I 33 I 27 I 31 I 29 I 31 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
- A h a -
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (cont inued)
1
1982 1982 1983 III-IV x III-IV
x x x I ( T r i s pour/ (For very much J ~ ~ u t a t pour/ (For t o some ex ten t { P l u t a t contre/ IAga ins t t o some ex ten t IT ras contre/ /Aga ins t very much
1983 1984 1984 x III-IV %-XI x x x
I T o t a l I 100
1211
13 I 12 1 13 I 11 I 11 I 8
29 I 28 I 32 I 27 I 25 I 30 I I I l I I I I I I
100 100 100 100 100
995 1027 1000 996 990
22 I 19 I 19 I 20 I 20 I 23
22 I 16
100 100
1022 995
i i i i i 20 I 18 I 18 I 23 I 23 I 20
13
100
1043
, IX X II x x
I I l r i s pour/ l F o r very much ( P l u t a t pour/ lFor t o some ex ten t
I P l u t a t contre/ IAga ins t t o some ex ten t I Tr&s contre/ IAga ins t very much I Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
J T o t a l
XII IV X I v 11-111 VI II x x x x x x x
20
100
1591
9 1 1 3 1 1 5 1 I I I I -I
18 I 15 19 17
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
836 820 813 863 1159 1299 1523 1234 1202 .
13 15 25 20 14
i I l I I
I I I
I 1 1
25 I 24 I 33 I
21 I 19 I 17 I 23 I 28 I 22 I
MU T SCH LAN0 I I 1965 1967 1970 1973 1975 1975 1978 I 1979 1979 I 1980 I
l '
- I v-VI
T r i s pour/ 1 )
I 75 i 50 I 78 , i 78 I I 82 I I 79 I
I I 69 I 73 I 82 I
I I ) I 7 0 ~
v 11-111 IX v-VI x x-XI I IV x I I V I x x x x x x x x x
I I I I I I 31 I i I
Sans rCponse/Yo r e p l y I 15
I i I I I I I I I I I s l 3~
I I I 3 1 7~ I
I 5~
I 6 1
I 6 1
I 7~ 4~
I ) I 1 l o l
20 21 17 11 12 13 11 I 19 16
To ta l I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 .- U I 1255 I 1000 2021 1 1957 1039 1002 I 6 0 6 1003 IO05 1009
- A 4 9 -
1983 1983 1984
x x x III-IV I x III-IV
Tras pour/ For very much P l u t a t pour/ For t o some extent P l u t ô t contre/ Against t o some extent T r i s contre/ Against very much Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
To ta l
N
1984 x- X I
I x
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (cont inued)
I
9 16 . 100 100
1 1049 1058
OEUTS
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982
15 I 9
100 100
992 1053
31
39
9
' 4
I 1985 1986 I x - X I III-IV
x x x x x x x 1 %
38 i 33 i 28 I I
I I 37 I 45 I 42
x x
11 1 7 I 11
1 1 3 1 5 I I
10
100
1028
13 1 13 1 17 1 l: 1 14 100 100 100 100
1008 1004 962 1328 1012
10
100
987
]Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 18 15
I Tota l I 100 100
I N 1000 1000
20 25
100 100
1000 1199
37 I I
40 I I
6 1 I
1007 ,
I- l i I l r i s pour/ /For very much ) p l u t a t pour/ l F o r t o some extent l p l u t a t contre/ IAgainst t o some extent ( T r i s contre/
. (Against very much I Sans r&ponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
.- 1 I 1980 I 1981 1 1981 I 1982
EI
1982 X x -
36
27
8
7 22
1 O0
1000
- -
.AS
1983 I 1983 I 1984 1 1984 III-IV x - X I *
1000 1000 1000 1000
I ,,,,I 34 I
I 28 I
I
I 9 1
1000
- A S O -
1985
TAELEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (cont inued)
1986
T r i s pour/ For very much P l u t a t pour/ For t o so ie e x t e n t P l u t a t contre/ Against t o some ex ten t T r i s contre/ Against very much Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
I Tota l
x-XI x x
I x x x x
III-IV I x x 3 x
24 26
100 100
1000 1000
27 I 35 I
I I
26 I 21
15 I 14
8 1 4
-
I I I I I I I I
I)
I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I
x x 3 x x x I IX x II I XII I
JTras pour/ ( F o r very much I P l u t a t pour/
I V X I V
FRANCE I I 1952 I 1954 I 1955 I 1955 I 1956 I 1956 I 1957
11-111 VI x x
II x
. .
¡For t o some ex ten t i j i i i i i i
24
100
1345
[ P l u t a t contre/ (Aga ins t t o some extent I T r i s contre/
26 36 43 33 26 36
100 100 100 100 100 100
847 900 805 800 1226 1200
IAqa ins t very much i, i i i i i i
~ 1970 I 1973 I 1975 I 1975 I 1978 I 1979 I 1979 i 1960 I
ÏSans rCponse/No r e p l y
l l o t a l
I N
111-111 IX v-VI X X - IV X IV x x x x x x x x
22
100
2046
28 17 19 13 18 15 14
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2227 1156 1276 1194 1152 986 993
i l r i s pour/ l f o r very much l p l u t a t pour/ / f o r t o some e x t e n t
]Against t o some ex ten t I T r i s contre/ IAgainst very much I Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
I To ta l
P l u t a t contre/
I"
FRANCE I
- A 5 1 -
FRANCE
1 1 - I x-XI I IV x-XI I III-IV x 111-IV x I III-IV x-XI III-IV
x x x x x x x x x Tres pour / P l
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 ( con t i nued )
Sans rhponse/No r e p l y I 20 16 13 12 10 19 12 1 11 13 9
T o t a l I 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 100 100
I I 986 991 1006 1199 939 1011 1000 1008 1006 1017
-
T r i s pour / Fo r very much P l u t ô t pour/ Fo r t o some e x t e n t
, p l u t ô t con t re / ' A g a i n s t t o s o i e e x t e n t T r i s c o n t r e / Aga ins t very much Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N
1985
Tres pour / For v e r y auch P l u t a t pour/ For t o some e x t e n t P l u t ô t con t re / Aga ins t t o sone e x t e n t T r i s c o n t r e 1 Aga ins t very much Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N
1986
x x x-XI III-IV
x x 28 i 31
55 I 51 I
I I
7 1 7
1973 1975 1975 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 IX v-VI X x-XI I V X IV x-XI x x x x x x x x
I FRANCE
1981 1981 IV x-XI x x
i i i I I I I I I I I I
-7-l-t *, I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I
21 i 23
31 I 34 I
I
I 8 1 8
4 1 7 36 I 28 -*
25
I 32
8
4
24 i 19 i 25 i 19 I I I
I I I
I I I
45 I 45 I 43 I 41
7 1 9 1 9 1 10
3 1 2 1 5 1 2
19
39
10
7 31 1 l:i 1 25 1 18 1 28 1 25
1 O0 100 100 100 100
998 1005 997 1006 1008 1007
20 ' j 21 I
39 I 41 I
I 15 I 11
- A 5 2 -
26 I 32
100 100
1007 987
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (cont inued)
27 29 i 27 I 24
100 100 100 100
1002 1000 1008 1009
i ITr i is pour/
ITALIA I I
i I I I - I V i x i I I I - I V
I X I x x
1 1 - 1 1 % I 1 1 x 1 x II I X I I 1 I V X I
I ITras pour/ x x x x x I
(For very auch I 15 J P l u t ô t pour/ I ]For t o some * ? t e n t I 40 I P l u t ô t cont.=? I
I Tras contre/ I IAgainst very much I 5 ISans r€ponse/No r e p l y I 28
IAga ins t t o soem ex ten t I 12
I 100 - I Tota l
I N 1181
v 11-111 V I 1 II I x x x x
16 i 16
41 I 39 I
I
I 12 I 9
5 1 4
ISans rCponse/No r e p l y I 29
IN 1505
1 To ta l I 100
I 2 1 1 I I 41 I I I I 7 1 I I I 4 1
34 36 27 19 I 27 I : 32 34 28
100 100 100 ' 100 100 100 100 100
808 816 803 911 : 1269 1562 1344 1175
I I I - I V x 17
41
9
4
1967 1970 1973
x - X I x -
18
42
8
5
1975 1975 1978 1979 1979 1980
11;-IV [ x;1 1 I I \ - I V i ;.
v I 11-11] x x
24
37
9
6
I X v - V I I x I x I V X I V x x x x x x x
28 I 17 I 27
100 100 100
1023 1822 1909
18
41
11
4
20 I 19 12 9 10 12
100 100 100 100 100 100
1043 lllb 1030 1178 1170 1116
20 I I I I
41 I I I I
9 1 I I I
4 1 I 26 I 26 I I
I I l r i i s pour/
I 1965 v - V I
I ) 65 l Fo r very much I P l u t 8 t pour/ I ) ¡Fer t o some ex ten t I) P l u t t t contre/ I )
I 100 ( T o t a l -
4 IAgainst t o some ex ten t 1 ) I T r b contre/ I) I Against very much I ) /Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y I 31
I 1166
I 38 I 36 I 38
I I I 39 51 I 48 I 45 I 48 I
I I I I I 2 1 4 1 3 1 4 1 4 1
I I I I I 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- A 5 3 -
x- X I x
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (cont inued)
I V x - X I I I I I - I V x I I I - I V x x x x x x x
Tres pour/ F o r very much P l u t ô t pour/ For t o some extent ? l u t ô t contre/ Against t o some extent Tres contre/ Against very auch Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
( T o t a l
I N
12 7 11 14 17
100 100 100 100 100
1108 1183 1070 1301 1025
I T A L I A
1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983
14 13
100 100
1031 1033
x Tres pour/ I
39 I 36 I 40
42 I 46 I 42 I I
I 1
x x x x x x I
32 i 28 I 36 I 35 I I I
I I I 47 I 47 I 44 I 45
6 1 \ 6 1 5 1 5
Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y 1 11 14
To ta l I 100 100
N 1047 1103
I
1984 I I I - I V
I LUXE HBOURG
1 1970 I 1973 I 1975 I 1975 I 1 9 7 8 ' 1 1979 1 1979 I 1980 I 1980 I 1981 I
x 28
III-III I X v-VI X x-XI IV X IV x - X I I V l x x x x f x x x x f
49
20 I 19 I 18 ~
7
13 I 8 4 1 4 5 5 6
1 15
1 O0
1060
32 I 39 I
53 I 45 I
5 1 4 I
I ITALIA T
T r i s pour/ For very much P l u t ô t pour / For t o some extent P l u t a t contre/ Against t o some extent Triis contre/ Against very much Sans r¿ponse/Ho r e p l y
To ta l
N
4-4 I I
I I I I I I I I 1 I I . I
i-t I 47
39
1
31 i 47 i 48 i 48
43 I 42 I 40 I 38 I I I
I I I 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 6
46
39
9
1 I I I
5 1 ' 2 1 1 1 3
335 I 330 I 311 I 297 I 291 I 299 I 298 I 300 I 300 I 300 1
- A 5 4 -
1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (cont inued)
1985 1985 1986 I (TrGs pour/ (For very much I P l u t a t pour/ (For t o some e x t e n t I P l u t a t contre / I A g a i n s t t o some e x t e n t I Tris contre/ ( A g a i n s t very much I Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
I N
I T o t a l
x - X I x
11s-IV x III-IV x III-IV x - X I III-IV x - X I 111-IV x x x x x x x x x
3 10 11 11
100 100 100 100
500 399 300 300
9 I 10 5 1 7 10 8 I loo 100 100 100 100 100
304 300 299 300 300 299
T r i s pour/ For very much P l u t a t pour/ For t o some e x t e n t P l u t a t contre /
~ 1978 I 1979 I 1979 I 1980 I NEDERLANO
1 x - X I IV x I IV l x Y x x
1962 I 1970 I 1973 I 1975 I 1975 11-111 11-111 I X
x x x v-VI X
x x ---
62 I 30 1 34 1 37 I 33
25 I 44 I 39 1 29 I 31 I I I I
I I I I
Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y I 9
T o t a l I 100
N 779
16 12 26 29
100 100 100 100
1230 1464 1093 1006
( T r i s pour/ l For very much I P l u t a t pour/ lFor t o some e x t e n t I P l u t t i t contre / I A g a i n s t t o some e x t e n t I T r i s contre / I Against very much I Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
7
100
913
8 7 10
100 100 100
974 1092 999
1981 IV x
37
46
7
3
1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 x - X I III-IV x III-IV x 111-IV x- X I III-IV x - X I
% x % x x x L x x
, 37
47
5
3
7 9
100 100
34
I 48
8
3
, I
1 1 10 10 13 9 8 11 10
la0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
28
48
10
4
1091 1011 1228 1056 998 1050 ' 1015 1018 985 1068 ~
1 1980
x 35
1 x - X I -
44
8
3 10
100
1114
- - -
I
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 ( con t i nued )
I V X I x x
UNIlED KINGDOM I I v 11-111 Y x
I F o r ve ry much I P l u t a t pour / ) F o r t o some e x t e n t
P l u t a t c o n t r e / Aga ins t t o some e x t e n t Trhs c o n t r e / Against very much Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
33 28 26
100 100 lOQ
i 1952 I 1954 I 1955 I 1955
15
1 O0
i r x . x . II X I I x x x I)
I ' I 66 I 67 I
i ) I
i& I N 1503 832 805 814
-1956 I 1956 I 1957 I 1962
I I l i l
I I . lo I l6 I
I
I I
806 1210 1232
- 1962
V I x -
47
22
31
100
1261
- - -
-+I I I
I I I
59 I
I
q 1178
¡Tres pour / (Fo r v e r y much I P l u t a t pour / ¡For t o some e x t e n t
I A g a i n s t t o some e x t e n t I I r h s c o n t r e / I A g a i n s t very much I Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
P l u t a t c o n t r e /
1 1970 11-111
x
UNITED KINGDOM
14 I 28 I 23 I 22
23 I 22 I 28 I 41 I I I
1933 I 1328 I 1438 I 1339
21 I 20 I 21 I I I I
40 I 41 I 38 I I I I i 15 I 16 i I I
+i 1317 1403
41 1454
- A 5 6 -
I 1980 I 1981 I x-XI I IV
I ITris pour/ Pl x I
TA8LEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (continued)
1981 1982 1982 I 1983 1983 I 1984 I 1984 1 1985 x-XI III-IV x I III-IV x I III-IV I x-XI [III- IV^
x x I 17 x x x x
x x x x Tris pour/
I x x
I- I 1985
I 111-111
Tris pour/ I '
For very much I 24 P l u t ô t pour/ I For t o so ie ex ten t I 43 Plu tô t contre/ I Against t o some ex ten t I 12 Tris contre/ I Against very much 1 7 Sans rCponse/No reply I 14
I-
11-111 I X v - V I X x-XI I V X I V x-XI x x x x x x x x x
Total
Sans rdponse/No reply I 23
N I 6334
Total I 100
I 100 I-
20 24 20 22 14 12 12 13 I 15
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 : 8752 9153 6149 5691 5442 5589 5563 5426 5538
N I 1383
1986 I XII-IV I
22 I I I I
45 I I I I
11 1 I I I
5 1 I 17 I I
UNITED KINGDOM
I I I I I I I l
I I I I I I I I I I I I
- A 5 7 -
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (cont inued)
x x
Triis pour/ F o r very much P l u t ô t pour/ F o r t o some extent P l u t ô t contre/ Against t o some extent Tres contre/ Against very much Sans r(ponse/No rep ly
To ta l
I I I - I V x - X I I I I I - I V I x - X I x x x x;
21 I 34 I I
I
47 I 44
9 1 8
5518 5522
III-IV I x Y x
EU
III-IV x
x x x x
'P
i I
i I I I I I
x x x x x
1 6
I 12
I 100
5399 -
32
x I x
46
I V x - X I Y x % x t x x
6
26
100
I3484
2 14 -
22 22 14 15 13 14 15 15 13
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
9550 9150 8788 8976 9021 6882 9001 9878 9911
1 O0
5440 - -
28 I 32 I 37 I 30
48 I 50 I 44 I 50 I I I
l I I 2 1 1 1 2 1 2
1 I €UR 6 1
Tras pour/ F o r very much P l u t ô t pour/ Fo r t o some extent P l u t ô t contre/ Against t o some extent Tras contre/ Against very much Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
To ta l
Y
. .
¡ 1986 1 I
I 1 I I I I I I I
i 46 I
I 6 1
I 2 1
. i i i I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I
i i I i I I I I I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Tr¿s pour/ F o r very much P l u t a t pour/ For t o some extent P l u t ô t contre/ Against t o sone extent Tres contre/ Against very much Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
I COMMUNAUTE / COMnUNITY (EUR 10) (1 ) I 1 1973 I 1975 I 1975 I 1978 I 1979 I 1979 I 1980 I 1980 I 1981 I 1981 1
30 i 35 I
I 33 I 34
s l 5 I .
5 1 4
31 i 30 i 30 i 30 I I I l I - I
I I I
38 I 45 I 45 I 45
5 1 8 1 6 1 8
4 1 3 1 4 1 4
(1) Y compris l a Gr¿ce a p a r t i r d 'octobre 1980. / Inc lud ing Greece f r o m October 1980.
- A 5 8 -
100
11676
I (Tr&s pour/ lFor very much J P l u t ô t pour/ ( F o r t o some ex ten t l p l u t a t contre/ IAga ins t t o some e x t e n t I Tras contre/ (Aga ins t very much I Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
I N
100 100 100 100 100 100
9689 9790 9725 9746 9909 9936
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (cont inued)
1
I E SPARA
' 1981 I 1982 I 1982 1983 1 1983 I 1984 I 1985 1 1985 I 1985 I 1986
COMUNAUTE / COnnUNITY (EUR 10)
1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985
x x x x
I I I - I V x I I I - I V x I I I - I V x - X I I I I - I V x x % x x x x
x x x x x x
I I I I I I 5 1 4 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 3 1 3
14 I 16 I 15 I 15 I 15 I 12 I 13
32
100
999
39 33 34 38 35 31 29 24 19
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1004 1053 919 996 1016 1033 3463 1003 1008
1985 I 1986 I
I I PORTUGAL I
1Trhs pour/ I ' I 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1985 1986
I I x - X I I I I - I V x- XI I V x- X I 11-111 x- X I 111-IV
I I 28 I 51 I P l u t ô t pour/ I I I I I I I I I I I For t o some ex ten t 1 9 1 1 0 1 111 1 3 ) 1 7 1 1 4 ) I I 28 I 16 I P l u t ô t contre/ I I I I I I I I I I I Against t o some e x t e n t I 2 I 4 I 4 I 3 I 4 I 3 I I I 4 1 6 1 Tras con t re / l I I I I I I I I I I
I 3 1 4 1 Against very much I 2 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 5 1 I Sans rhponse/No r e p l y I 65 65 I 64 56 50 49 I
x x x x x x x x x 'For very much I 22 I 17 I 20 I 24 I 26 1 29 I
37 23
T o t a l I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1971 1927 1853 2017 1988 1958 1000 1000 H
x - X I I I I I - I V % x
I I 47 I 45 1
I I 9 1 7 1 I I
4 1 3 1 12 I 13 I I
Triis pour/ For very much P l u t ô t pour/ For t o some e x t e n t P l u t ô t contre/ Against t o some e x t e n t Tri is contre/ Against very much Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N
36 i 35 i 23 I 20 I
I I
I I 5 1 3 1
I I 4 1 3 1
38.1 I
21 I I I
3 1
5 1
43 I I
18 I I
3 1 I
2 1
38 i I
17 I I I
3 1
4 1
39 I I
17 I I
5 1 I
4 1
47 I I
18 I I
3 1 I
1 1
49 I I
17 I I I
1 1
4 1
36 1 I
35 I I
3 1 I
2 1
37
41
3
Tris pour/ F o r very auch P l u t ô t pour/ For .to soae extent P l u t ô t contre/ Against t o soae extent Triis contre/ Against very much Sans r6ponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N
x x- X I III- IV I
x x x x x
- A 5 9 -
TABLEAU 5 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 5 (cont inued)
x
I COMMUNAUTE / COMMUNITY (EUR 12) (1)
-iJT
1985 1986 I I 1
14 I 14 I 100 100
11849 11831
I I
29 I I
45 I I
9 1 I
3 1 16 I
33 I i I I I 44
7
1 O0 - 83 1 -
-I-T7 *, I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I I I I I l l I I I
I I,
(1) Y coapr i s l'Espagne e t l e Por tugal p a r t i r d'octobre-noveabre 1985. / I n c l u d i n g Spain and Por tugal f roa October-Noveaber 1985.
- A 6 0 -
IIII- IV^ III-IV I x-XI III-IV x-XI I III-IV I I x f x x X I x % x x
TABLEAU 6 / TABLE 6
x
LE SENTIMENT OUE SON PAYS A BENEFICIE OE SON APPARTENANCE A LA COMNUNAUTE
I 100
1038
THE FEELING THAT H I S COUNTRY HAS BENEFITED FROM BEING A MEHEER OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
100 100 100 100 100
1018 1035 1016 1011 1007 -
Tout b ien considCr&, estimez-vous que ( v o t r e pays) a bCndficiC ou non de son appartenance 3 l a Comiiunauth euroPCenne (March4 commun)? / Taking everyth ing i n t o considerat ion, would you say t h a t (your country) has on balance bene f i ted or n o t f r o m being a member o f the European Connunity (Common Market)?
IIII- IV^ III-IV I I x x I
I
x-XI III-IV x-XI I III-IV I X I X I X I x x X I x X I '
(Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 36 I 37 19
l l o t a l I 100 100 100
I N 1049 992 1053
18 16 22
100 100 100
1007 1028 987 -
i I ( A bCnCf ic i4 lEenef i ted I N I a pas b & n ¿ f i c i & / (Not bene f i ted I Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
111
I I DANMARK I 7 - I 1983
I I I I - I V I X I 51 I I 31 I 18
I 100
1984 I I I - I V
1984 x - X I
1985 I I I - I V
1985 x- XI
1986 I I I - I V i
I ( A bCnCf ic i&/Benef i ted )N'a pas b4nCf ic i& / (Not bene f i ted I Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
-d I I I
x I
% I I I I
x 42
x 44
x 44
x 49
x 61
x I
34 24
34 22
34 22
29 22
22 17
1 O0 1 O0 1 O0 1 O0 100
990 1030 995 1043 996
- A 6 1 -
1984 1985 1985 1986 x-XI III-IV x-XI III- IV
x X I x % x A bCnCfici6/Benef i t e d N'a pas b é n b f i c i é l Not benef i t ed Sans rCponse/No reply
Total
N
I x % x i
21 I 25 24 27 I 100 100 100 100
1000 1000 1000 1000
I~,
' I 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 I 1986 I I x x x
I I I I - I V III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI I III-IV I I x x x X I X I X I I x
Sans rCponse/No reply 1 25 I 26 25 21 21
Total I 100 100 100 100 100 I
N 1011 1008 1006 1017 1006
1. 26 I I 100
1004
I 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 II I I- IV III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI
1986 III-IV I
1 % x X I x x x x X I x x
Sans rhponse/No reply I 16 12 11 11 9
Total I 100 100 100 100 100
N 987 1000 1008 1009 1008
12
100
1002
I ITALIA
1 1983 1984 I 1984 1985 1985 I 1986 I x x
I I I I - I V III-IV I x-XI III-IV x-XI I III-IV I 1 % X I x x X I 4: x X I
7-
Sans rCponse/No reply I 17 22 I 14 16 14 22 I I Tota l I 100 100 100 100 100 100
N 1031 1060 1097 1127 1047 1103
I,
- A 6 2 - l
III- IV^ III-IV % I %
i I 14 bCnCficiC/Benefi ted l N l a pas bdnCficiC/ l N o t b e n e f i t e d I Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
x-XI III-IV x-XI I III-IV I I t f X I % X I x x I x l
Ir 14
1 O0
300
TABLEAU 6 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 6 (cont inued)
13 I 12 14 I 16 I 16 I I I 100 100 100 100 100
300 299 300 300 299 I I NEDERLAND
II I I - I V III-IV I x-XI I I I III-IV I x-XI I III-IV I I 1 % X I % I X I % I X I x x j X I X I
ISans rdponse/No r e p l y I 11
I T o t a l I 100
I N 998
16 17 19 18 I 18 I, 100 100 100 100 100
1015 1018 985 1068 1001 L
IIII-IV III-IV I x x x
x-XI III-IV x-XI III-IV I I x x x X I x x X I
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 11
To ta l I 100
N 1348
12 11 11 13 17 I 100 100 100 100 100
1355 1405 1443 1383 1378 i
JSans rCponse/No r e p l y I 23
I T o t a l I 100
1 9790
24 18 18 17 22 I 100 100 100 100 100
9746 9909 9936 9846 9822
- A 6 3 -
I I III-IV I
TABLEAU 6 ( s u i t e ) 1 TABLE 6 (cont inued)
I x X I x x
I I ESPARA
X I x % r X I x % I
i 26
I 100
1008
: iC/Benefi ted I 9 I I I I I ?I I l I I I I I I I 1 l I
I I I I I I I I N'a pas bCn6fici6/ I I I
I N o t bene f i ted I 65 I I l I 1 Sans rCponselNo r e p l y
T o t a l
N
I III-IV I I A bCn6 f i c iC/Benef i t ed N'a pas bCnCf ic iCl l o t bene f i ted Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
To ta l
IF---- x x x x x % I x x \ % r
I I COWWUNAUTE / COWHUHIfY ( U R 12) (1) I
IISI-lV 1 %
A bCnCf ic iC/Benef i te¿ N'a pas b6nCf ic iC l Not bene f i ted Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
I Tota l
% x x x x x x X I x
I 22
I 100
11831
i i i i i I I I I I
i 46 i i i i i I I I I I I I 32 I l I I 1 I 1 I I I
I I.
I (1) Y compris l'Espagne e t l e Por tugal a p a r t i r d'octobre-novembre 1985. 1 I n c l u d i n g Spain and Por tugal
from October-November 1985.
- 1 1 6 4 -
BELGIQUE / BELGIE
I 1973 I 1974 I 1974 I 1975 I 1975 I 1976 1 1976 I 1977 I 1977
I I
TABLEAU 7 / TABLE 7
JUGEMENT PORTE SUR L'APPARTENANCE A LA COMHUNAUTE EUROPEENNE
ATTITUDE TO nEnsERstw IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
-
D'une façon g M r a l e , pensez-vous que l e f a i t (pour vo t re pays) de f a i r e p a r t i e de l a Comrunaut6 EuropCen- ne (March6 commun) es t une bonne chose, une mauvaise chose, ou une chose n i bonne n i mauvaise ? / h e r a l l y speaking, do you t h i n k t h a t (your country 's) membership o f the Common Harket is a good ,thing. a bad th ing , or n e i t h e r good nor bad ?
I 19
I 100
1266
14 16 19 17 16 12 10 16
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 : 1017 1505 1507 1000 963 1077 988 1006 ~
I I X I I V - v I x - X I I v - V I I x I v - V I I X I I I V - v I x - X I I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X
BELGIQUE / BELGIE I I I 1978 I 1978 I 1979 I 1979 I 1979 I 1980 I 1980 I 1981 [ 1981
'Bonne chose/Good t h i n g Hauv a i se c hose/Bad t h i n g Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ Ne i the r good nor bad Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N
*
I I5
I 1013
I 100
14 1 13 21 16 I 16 18 18 14
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 * -
1008 983 965 1032 1009 1022 949 973
I V I x - X I I I V I x - X I I v-VI I x - X I I I V I V I (1 ) I x I I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X
I 1982 IIII-IV
I I 1 % I
(Bonne chose/Good t h i n g I Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g ]Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ I N e i t h e r good nor bad l S p s rCponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
I N
1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 x III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI III-IV x X I x f x X I X X
I Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 13 I 20
I T o t a l I 100 100
I N 1210 1020
16 14 9 5 6 5 11
100 100 100 100. 100 100 100 ~: 1038 995 l O l B . 1035 1016 1011 1007
- A 6 5 -
I 9
1 100
1199
TABLEAU 7 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 7 (cont inued)
1 0 1 7 ) 111 8 1 3 1 9 1 0 1 6 -
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ,_
1168 1100 1073 1023 977 962 1010 992
I DANMARK I I
8
100
983
(Bonne chose/Good t h i n g I Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g \Chose n i bonne n i l a u v a i s e l I N e i t h c r good nor bad \Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
I To ta l
9 12 14 10 10 9 9 11
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ’
1002 1073 1018 1029 994 1024 1006 1009
1 1973 I 1974 I 1974 I 1975 I 1975 I 1976 I 1976 1 1977 I 1977 1
10
100
1211
I I X I I V - v I x - X I I v - V I I x I v - V I I X I I I V - v I x - X I I I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X r
9 11 11 I 10 10 13 11 8 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
995 1027 1000 996 990 1022 995 1043
I I DEUTSCHLAND
1 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 I I X I V - v x - X I v - V I X v - V I X I I V - v x - X I
I I 1 I X t x X I X X X I x X
I I DANMARK I
-
Bonne chose/6ood t h i n g Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g Chose n i bonne n i .auvaise/ Ne i ther good nor bad Sans r¿ponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N
lSans r¿ponse/No r e p l y 1 11
I T o t a l I 100
I N 1957
1978 I 1978 I 1979 I 1979 I 1979 I 1980 1 1980 I ‘1981 I 1981 I v - V I I x - X I I I V I V I ( 1 ) I x I I V I x - X I I I V I x - X I
X I X I X I X I X I X I X i X I X
34 I 36 1 37 1 38 I 39 I 33 I 32 I 30 I 31 I
7 8 8 6 10 7 15 10
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 .: 1060 1042 1039 1002 1004 1007 1005 999
laonne chose/Good t h i n g I Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g (Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ INe i t he r good no r bad
I To ta l
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
¡N
DANMARK I 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986
III- IV^ x I III-IV I x I III-IV I x-XI I III-IV I x-XI I III-IV X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X
- A 6 6 -
TABLEAU 7 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 7 (continued)
Sans r&ponse/No rep ly 1 15
To ta l I 100
N I 996
12 9 1 8 11 10 14 10
100 100 I00 100 100 100 100 100
1006 1003 807 1005 1009 1008 1004 962 1
I v-VI I x-XI I IV I VI (1 ) I x I IV I x-XI I IV I x-XI 1 x 1 X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X
7
100
1328
6 8 10 11 5 1 9 7 8 -
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1012 1049 1058 992 1053 1007 1028 987
i I leonne chose/Good t h i n g I Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g !Chose n i bonne n i mauvaisc/ (Nei ther good nor bad I Sans r(ponsc/No reply
I To ta l
10
100
1000
I N
15 15 12 17 11 9 10 12
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1000 1199 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Isonne chose/Good t h i n g (Mauvaise chosclBad t h i n g (Chose n i bonne n i mauvaisc/ I l e i t h e r good nor bad ISans r¿ponse/No rep ly
12
I T o t a l
I N
14
¡Bonne chose/Good t h i n g I Mauvaise chose/8ad t h i n g )Chose n i bonne n i mauvaisc/ INei ther good nor bad I Sans rCponse/No rep ly
I Tota l 100 100
I N
I I
DEU T SCHLAND I 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986
III- IV^ x I III-IV I x I III-IV I x-XI I I I I ~ I x-XI I III-IV X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I t:
ELLAS
1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985
ELLAS I
x-XI I IIr-Iv I I I I I- l I X I X i X I X I X I X I X I X I x
23 I 16 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
3 9 1 4 4 1 I I I I I I I
(1) Voi r page A 72. / Sec p.A 72.
- A l t -
12 7 9 7 5 6 6 6
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2227 1308 1237 1156 1276 1241 1356 1256
lA8LEAU 7 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE (cont inued)
6
100
1149
FRANCE I
1978 1978 1979 1979 1979 1980 v- V I x - X I I I V V I ( 1 ) 1 x I I V
X X I t X I % I X
I
1980 1981 1981 x - X I I V I x - X I I
x X I X I '
19731 1974 I 1914 1 1975 I 1975 I 1976 I 1976 I 1977 I 1977 1
10 8 8 11 10 8
, 100 100 100 100 100 100
1276 1194 1152 1002 986 993
I X I I V - v I x - X I I v- V I I x I v - V I I X I I I V - v I x - X I I X I X I X I X I % I X I X I X I X I
11 7 7
100 100 100
986 991 1006
i
ISans rCponse/No reply I 8
I Total I 100
I N 1199
5
100
939
leonne chose/Good th ing )Mauvaise chose/8ad th ing (Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ I n e i t h e r good nor bad ISans r¿ponsc/No reply
1974 1974 1975
I Total
IS
1975 1976 1976
54 1 9
59 7
53 1 7 1
I 33 I
Bonne chose/Good th ing Mauvaise chosc/Bad th ing Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ Neither good nor bad Sans rCponse/No reply
Tota l
N
8 1 9 1 6 1 9 1 1 0 1 11
28 I 31 I 26 I 32 I 31 I 32 I I I I I
27 26
I I I l,,,r =Fi
69 I 5 1
I
1004
FRANGE
1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 III-IV I x I I I I - I V I x- X I I I I I - I V I x - X I
% I X I X I X I X I X IIII- IV^ x I X I x
53 i 55 I 62 i 63 1 68 7 1 9 1 4 1 5 1 6
I I I I
66 7
30 I 29 I 27 I 27 I 21 I 24
I 1117) l-ä I X
I ' -GTL- t
I V - v I x - X I 1 v - V I I X I v - V I I X I X I X I % I X I X I X
I V - v I x - X I I X I X I
¡Bonne chose/Good th ing Inauvaise chose/Bad th ing )Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ I l e i t h e r good nor bad I Sans r¿ponse/No reply
I Total
56 15
21 8
100
1199
- -
48 25
50 50 1 67 i 50 I 50 24 I 20 I 12 I 16 1 22
22 I 25 I 17 I 18 I 22 I I I I
17 I 19 I I I
22 I 19 I 19 8 1000 1000 1000 998 1007 981
(1 ) Voir page A 72. / See page A 72.
- A M -
Sans r(ponse/No reply 1 6
Tota l I 100
N 1005
TABLEAU 7 ( s u i t e ) / T A B L E 7 (cont inued)
5 8 14 5 7 6 5 5
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 -: 1005 997 1276 1006 1008 1007 1005 985 i
I I I RE LAN0 I I 1978 I 1978 I 1979 1 1979 I 1979 I 1980 I 1980 I 1981 I 1981 t
1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985
I v - V I I x - X I I I V I V I ( 1 ) I x I I V I x - X I I I V I x - X I 1 x 1 X I X I X I X I X I X I X I x
1985 1986
9
100
1181
Bonne chose/Good t h i n g Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ Nei ther good nor bad Sans r¿ponse/No r ep ly
Tota l
N
5 7 7 7 6 6 5 7
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1007 987 1002 1000 1008 1009 1008 1002
I I ITALIA
I 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 I I X I V - v x - X I v - V I X v - V I X I ' I V - v x - X I
I I I b l x x t x x x x t
III- IV^ x I III-IV I x I III-IV I x-XI I III-IV I x-XI 1 III-IV 1 X I X I X I X I % I % I X I X I t 1
-
46 i 47 i 45 i 42 i 43 i 47 i, 53 i 55 i 59 i
I Sans rCponse/No r ep ly I 14
I i o t a l I 100
I N 1909
9 4 5 5 11 11 6 7
100 100 . 100 100 100 100 100 100 l.
1030 1021 1043 1110 923 1052 1025 1155
I I ITALIA
I 1978 1978 1979 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 I v - V I x - X I I V V I ( 1 ) x I V x - X I I V x - X I
I I I I x x x x x x x x t
-
I Sans r(ponse/No reply I 12
I Total I 100
I N I 1175
8 6 8 6 7 7 3 5
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100::
1030 1178 985 1170 1116 1108 1183 1070
- A 6 9 -
1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 I I I - I V x I I I - I V x I I I - I V
x x x x x
T A B L E A U 7 ( s u i t e ) / l A 8 L E 7 (cont inued)
1984 x - X I
x
I l I 1
I I I I
I
I I
Sans r(ponse/No rep l y I 9 10 8 8 7
To ta l 1- 100 100 100 100 100
W 1301 1025 1031 1033 1060
6
100
1097
1985 1985 1986
1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976
";-Iv [ x;1 I I i - I V
1977 1977
72 i 78 1 74 4 1 3 1 3
I I 18 I 15 I 16
1127 1047 1103
8 5 11 9 6 8 4 3
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
330 308 297 311 297 268 301 302
Bonne chose/Good t h i n g Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ Weither good nor bad Sans r(ponse/No rep l y
T o t a l
W
7
100
344
1 1978 1978 1979 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 I v - V I x - X I I V V I X I V x - X I I V x - X I
I x x x x x x x x x I I
I X I I V - v I x - X I I v - V I I X I v - V I I X I I I V - v X - X I % I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I t
IL
I
I Sans rCponse/~o rep l y 1 6 8 2 1 3 2 3
( T o t a l I 100 100 100 : 100 100 100 100
111 322 291 299 : 298 300 300 300
2
100
500
IIII-IV I I x I x III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI III-IV
t t X I X I x x x x
I Sans r(ponse/No rep l y 1 6 3 5 2
I T o t a l I 100 100 100 100
I N 399 300 300 304
3 1 4 3 3
100 100 100 100 100 ': 300 299 300 300 299 -
- A l o -
I N
I TABLEAU 7 ( s u i t e ) / TAELE 7 (cont inued)
1464
I I NEDERLAND
I I 1973 I 1974 I 1974 I 1975 I 1975 I 1976 I 1976 I 1977 I 1977
3
100
913
I x I x-xl t t I I X -1 I V- v I x - X I I v - V I I X I v - V I I X I 1 x 1 X I X I X I X I X I x
4 26 4 6 6 4 7
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
974 1159 1092 999 1114 1091 1011
I Sans rCponse/No reply 1 6
lTota1 I 100
1228
66 I 70 I 64 I 67 4 1 6 1 3 1 3
I I I 14 I 15 I 18 I 12
1000 1012 1093 1006
6 4 6
100 100 100
1056 998 1050
75 1 74 4 1 4
I
Sans rCponse/Wo reply I 17
N I 1028
Tota l I 100
80 I 74 I 3 1 5 1
I I 13 I 16 I
13 9 9 13
100 100 100 100
1933 1031 1039 1328
I I l
8
100
Bonne chose/Good t h i n g Mauvaise chose/Ead th ing Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ Nei ther good nor bad Sans rCponse/No. r ep ly
To ta l
N
9
100
- 1 1978
v - V I x 78 5
-
14 3
1 O0
1131
- - -
NEDERLAND I 1978 1979 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981
i i i i i i i i 12 I 10 I 16 I 15 1 16 ( 14 I 14 I 15 I
I I NEDERLAND I I 1982 I 1982 I 1983 I 1983 IIII-IV~ x I III-IV I x 1 x 1 X I X I x
1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 I I I - I V ( x - X I I I I I - I V I x - X I I I I I - I V
X I % I X I X I x
3 1 4 1 5 1 3 1 2 1 I I I I I
13 I 13 I 11 I 10 I 11 I 4 4 7 3 4
100 100 100 100 100
1015 1018 985 1068 1001
I I UNITED KINGDOM I
Bonne chose/Good t h i n g Mauvaise chose/Ead t h i n g Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ Nei ther good nor bad
1972 1973 1974 1974 1975 x I I X I I V - v I x - X I I v - V I
40 21
22
31 i 33 i 36 I 47 34 I 39 I 35 I 21
I I I 22 i 19 i 20 I 19
1438 I 1077
-ax-t I I I v - V I I
26 I 35 I I I
17 I 18 I
1340
- A 7 1 -
I I UNITED KINGDOM
(Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 9 11 6 24 3 7 8 5
I T o t a l I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1038 976 1351 1697 1414 945 954 1351
Bonne chose/Good t h i n g Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ Ne i ther good nor bad Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
5
100
1426
N
6 7 5 3 4 4 8
, , 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
' 1015 1046 921 1432 923 1369 972
Bonne chose/Good t h i n g Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ Ne i ther good nor bad Sans r6ponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N
5 6
100 100
1395 1419
UN
1978 1978 1979 1979 V I I 1 x - X I I I V I V I
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y 1 7
T o t a l I 100
N 977
25 I 39 I 33 I 36 48 I 31 I 34 I 42
20 I 25 I 26 I 16 I I I
5 i 100 100
1335 950
TED K I N
1979 X
X (2 )
24 54
17 5
1 O0
1009
-
i0OM
1979 1980 1980 1980 x I X I I I V I I V
(3 ) I (2 ) I (2) I ( 3 ) X I X I X I X
41 I 55 I 57 I 49 I I I
29 I 21 I 22 I 23
25 I 15 I 13 I 22
UNITED KINGDOM I 1980 1980 1980 1980 1981 1981 1981 1981 1982
v I V I I x I x - X I I III I I V I v I x - X I I I I I - I V 1
i i i i i i I I I 17 I 17 I 24 I 24 I 20 I 26 I 21 I 27 I 26 I
UWITED KINGDOM I 1983 1983 1983 1983 1984 1984
I I I - I V I V I ' I V I I I x I II I I I I I
36 I 30 I 37 I 28 I 51 I 48 I
2 9 1 2 2 1 2 1 ) 3 0 1 : I 2 0 ) I I I I I I
1348 918 910 1277 I898 1013
- A 7 2 -
I I ( 3 ) I (2 ) I ( 2 ) I ( 2 ) I ( 3 ) I ( 2 ) I 1 % x x x x x I Bonne chose/Good t h ing I 34 I 32 / 33 / 25 38 I 32
T A B L E A U 7 ( s u i t e l / TABLE 7 (cont inued)
( 3 ) I ( 3 ) ( 3 ) I x xm
37 38 37 I
I Sans riponse/No reply 1 6
I N 1355
I Total I 100
5 6 9 4 7 5 4 6
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
961 997 960 1405 930 1443 1383 1378
I I EUR 6
I I 1973 I 1974 I 1974 I 1975 I 1975 I 1976 I 1976 I 1977 I 1977
I I Y-VI I I X leonne chose/Good th ing I 60 I Mauvaise chose/Bad th ing I 6
INeither good nor bad I 22 I Sans rCponse/No reply I 12
(Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ I
I Total I 100 l I-
-
I N I 5913
Sans r iponse / lo reply I 14
Total I 100
N 9153
1978 1979 1979
66 I 68 I 60 4 1 4 1 6
I I 20 1 20 I 26
5442 5589 4918
9 8 B l 7 9 8 9 8 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ..
5723 6114 6149 5691 5303 5916 5609 5596
E U R 6 I 1979 1 . 1980 I 1980 1 1981 I 1981 I
d / 9 / l M 1 9 1 7 1
,100 100 100 100
5583 5426 5538 5518 5522
( 1 ) I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e of Communications (London). (2 ) Socia l Surveys (Gallup P o l l ) . Population of 18 years and more, only Great Br i ta in . / Population de 18
ans e t au-de l b , s e u l emtnt Grande-Bretagne. ( 3 ) The European Omnibus Survey. Population o f 15 years and more. Great B r i t a i n from 1973 t o 1974 ;
United Kingdom as from 1975. / Population de 15 ans e t au-delb. Grande-Bretagne de 1973 b 1974 ; Royaure-Uni depuis 1975.
(4) NOP Market Research. Population o f 18 years and more, only Great Br i ta in . / Population de 18 ans e t au-dela, seulement Grande-Bretagne.
- A 7 3 -
8 1 9 1 8 1 5 1 7 1 5
100 100 100 100 100 100
5427 5440 5393 5508 5452 5460 ------->-
TABLEAU 7 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 7 (cont inued)
7 L 100
5399
I-- - I EUR 6
N 6665
1982 X X -
58 7
27 8
1 O0
5352
9
100
8922
8 9 7 9 7 8 7
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
9253 9550 9150 8627 9210 9044 8936
IX k
I v-VI I x-XI 1 x 1 x
laonne chose/Good t h i n g i 56
)Chose n i bonne n i lauvaise/
I Sans rt5ponse/No r e p l y
I Tota l
I N 13484
I Mauvaise chose/8ad t h i n g I 11
INe i the r good nor bad I 20 I
1- 13
I 100 -
IV VI X IV I x-XI I IV x-XI X x X X I X I x X
COMMUNAUTE / COMMUNITY (EUR i o ) (1 ) I 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977
8
100
8788
IV-v I x-XI I v-VI i x i v-VI i X I i IV-v i x-XI } X I X I X I X I X I X I X I x
8 8 7 8 8 1 8 7
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
8976 . 8126 9021 8882 9001 9898 9911
To ta l I 100
N 111676
100 100 100 100 1 100 I 100 100 100 ~,
9689 9790 9725 9746 .I 9909 I 9936 9846 9822
Bonne chose/Good t h i n g I 53 Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g I 13
Nei ther good nor bad I 24 Sans rCponse/No r e p l y 1- 10
Chose n i bonne n i lauvaise/ I
I 100 - Tota l
N 9327
Bonne chose/Good t h i n g Mauvaise chose/8ad t h i n g Chose n i bonne n i lauvaise/ Nei ther good nor bad Sans rhponse/No r e p l y
I COMMUNAUTE / COMMUNITY (LUR 10) (1) I I 1982 I 1982 I 1983 I 1983 I 1984 I 1984 I 1985 I 1985 I 1986 1111-1~1 x I III-IV I . x 1 III-IV I x-XI I III-IV I x-XI I III-IV 1 x 1 X I X I X I X I X I X I X I x
- A 7 4 -
IV I XII III x I IV-v X v 1 x-XI x i Y x, X I x x X I x
TABLEAU 7 f s u i t e ) / TABLE 7 (cont inued)
à t I
24 26 28 I 24
100 100 100 100
1980 1009 1010 999
i I (Bonne chose/Good t h i n g I Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g /Chose n i bonne n i mauvaise/ INe i the r good nor bad I Sans reponse/No r e p l y
I To ta l
111
23 I 24 I 32 I 28 I 27 I 100 100 100 100 100
1004 1053 919 996 1016
I x IV VI-VII x-XII III-IV 1 % Y x x x x x X I
I X I
I x-XI I v-VI I x-XI I III-IV I x - X I I IV I x-XI 111-111 I x-XI 1 x 1 % I X I X I X I X I X I X I x
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 16 11 11 16 I 20
To ta l I 100 100 100 100 100
N 1029 1033 1000 1003 1008
I I 1,
L
Bonne chose/Good t h i n g Mauvaise chose/Bad t h i n g
PORTUGAL
1 1980 I 1981 I 1981 1 1982 I 1982 I 1983 I 1983 I 1984 I 1984
I 1985 I 1985 I 1986 I
-
(V I - V I I I x-XI I III-IV I 1 x 1 X I X I x
I 1 0 1 1 0 1 4 1 I 28 I 42 I 60 I
Sans reponse/No r e p l y I 59 53 60 55 I 55 I 48 38 41 46
To ta l I 100 100 100 ' 100 100 100 100 100 100
N 1965 1974 1971 1927 1853 2017 1988 1958 1985
-
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y I 45
To ta l I 100
N 1954
30 I 8
100 100
1000 1000
- A 7 5 -
% I I x - X I III- IV I I
TABLEAU 7 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 7 (cont inued)
x 1 %
(1) Y coapr is l'Espagne e t l e Por tugal a p a r t i r d'octobre-noveabre 1985. / I n c l u d i n g Spain and Por tugal f r o r October-November 1985.
% I x x x x X I
I Sans rCponse/No rep ly 1 7 9
I To ta l I 100 100
I" l l l B 4 9 11831
I I I I I 1-
- A 7 6 - I
I 100 I 100
I 1364 1 1266
TABLEAU 8 / TABLE 8
100 I 100 100 I 100 I 100 I 100 100 100
1017 I 1505 1507 1 1000 I 1006 I 919 973 1210
L'ATTITUDE EN CAS D'ABANDON OU MARCHE COMMUN / ATTITUDE I F THE COMMON MARKET HAD BEEN SCRAPPEL0
Sans r6ponselNo r e p l y I 20 I 21 19 13
T o t a l I 100 100 100 100
N 1020 1038 995 1018
De 1971 a 1973: S i l ' o n vous annonça i t demain que l e March6 commun e s t abandonne. .. En 1974 e t m i l i 1975: S i l ' o n vous annonça i t demain que ( v o t r e pays) q u i t t e l a Coamunauté européenne (Harch6 commun) ... & p a r t i r de novembre 1975: S i l ' o n vous annonça i t demain que l a Communaut6 européenne (March6 commun) e s t iibandon- née.. . / From 1971 t o 1973: I f you u e r e t o be t o l d t o r o r r o u t h a t t h e Common Market had been scrapped ... I n 1974 and nay 1975: I f you were t o be t o l d tomorrow t h a t ( you r c o u n t r y ) uas l e a v i n g t h e Common market. .. As from November 1975: I 1 you ue re t o be t o l d tomorrow t h a t t h e Common Market had been scrapped. ..
10 11 10 12
100 100 100 100
1035 1016 1011 1007 I b
I I I I I I I I I I
Eprouver a i en t / Y o u l d be - de grands r e g r e t s /
- de l ' i n d i f f i r e n c e /
- un v i f soulagement/
Sans r6ponse/No r e p l y
ve ry s o r r y
i n d i f f e r e n t
r e l i e v e d
I Tot a l
I N
I BELGIQUE / BELGIE I I 1971 I 1973 I 1974 I 1974 I 1975 I 1975 1 1977 I 1981 I 1981 I 1982 i V I I i I X i I V - v i x - X I I v-VI i x i x-XI I IV I x-XI IIII- IV^
% I % I X I X I X I X I X I X I X r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
4 1 3 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 3 1
25 I 39 I 48 I 42 I 39 I 42 I 64 I 23 I 28 I 32 I
53 I 44 I 30 I 33 I 33 I 34 I 34 I 53 I 50 I 47 I
I BELGIQUE / BELGIE
I 1982 I 1983 I 1983 I 1984 I 1984 I 1985 I 1985 I 1966 I I i x i I I I - I V i x i III-IV i x - X I i I I I - I V i x- XI i I I I - I V i I 1 x 1 X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X
- A 7 7 -
TABLEAU 8 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 8 (cont inued)
1974 1975 1975 1977 1981 1981 1982 x-XI Y-VI x I x-XI I IV x-XI III-IV
x x x i X I x x x
I l I I I I I I I I I I 1 I
1982 x I x 1 '
Eprouveraient/Would be - de grands regre ts /
- de l ' i n d i f f C r e n c e /
- un v i f soulagement/
Sans riponse/No r e p l y
To ta l
very sorry
i n d i f f e r e n t
r e 1 i eved 31 15
100
, 1168
- 1973 IX x -
30
29
29 12
1 O0
- -
14 19 15 11 13 20
100 100 100 100 100 100
1100 1073 1023 992 1006 1009 N I 1199
17 17
100 100
1211 995
- 1984
III-IV x
22
I 32
I 28 I 18
I f - -
Eprouveraient/Yould be - de grands r e g r e t s l
- de l l i n d i f f C r e n c e /
- un v i f soulagement/ 1 r e l i e v e d ¡Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
very sorry
i n d i f f e r e n t
Eprouveraient/Yould be - de grands regre ts /
- de l t i n d i f f C r e n c e /
- un v i f soulagement/
Sans rCponrr/No r e p l y
To ta l
very sorry
i n d i f f erent
r e l i e v e d
N
I I
I
I
31 I 23
34 I 36
DANMARK
~ 1 9 F l 1985 1 1985
I I I I I I I I
22 I 19 I 24
31 I 32 I 32
28 I 30 I 27
1 1986 1 1
III-IV I I I X I X I X I x
I I I' I I I I I
37
' 23
23
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I -1
1043
1971 I 1973 I 1974
I I I I
I I
l I 7 1 4 1
52 I 57 I 53
29 I 24 I 28
2000 1957 1060
DEUTSCHLAND
1974 I 1975 1 1975 I 1977 x-XI I v-VI I X I x-XI
X I x i X I x I I 1 I I I
I I I
I I I s l 5 1 4 1
55 I 55 I 53 I 53
27 27 I 31 ( 25
1981 1981 1982 IV I x-XI IIII-IV S I x i x
I i I I
12 I 51 I 51 I I
31 [ 30 I 27
B l 5 1 6 I I
1004 962 1328
- A 7 8 -
1982 1983 x III-IV x x
TABLEAU 8 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 8 (cont inued)
1983 1984 1984 1985 x III-IV x-XI III-IV x x x x
Eprourera ient /Yould be - de grands regre ts /
- de l ' i n d i f f C r e n c e /
- un v i f soulagement/
- Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y
very so r ry
i n d i f f erent
r e l i e v e d
I To ta l
15 15
100 100
1012 1049
DEUTSCHLAND -7
18 19 13 14 13 15
100 100 100 100 100 100
1058 992 1053 1007 1028 987
I I
I I
35 I 25
43 I 49
I I
45 I I
30 I I
10 I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I 26 I 32 I 27 I
I 46 I 40 I 41 I
I I
54 I I
27 I I
4 1
II I I- I V I x
I I
45 I I
32 I I
5 1
% I X I x x x x x x x
45
32
4
I I I
I
49 I 49
34 I 32
4 1 5
IEprouveraient/Yould be I- de grands regre ts / I very so r ry I- de I ' i n d i f f C r e n c e l I i n d i f f h r c n t I- un v i f soulagement/ I r e l i e v e d (Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
' 1985 1986 x;1 j 11;-IV i ~
I I I I
49 I 53 I I I
I I 6 1 4 1
32 I 28 I
-7 -4
I I I I I I I
11981 IV I T 30
43
18
1981 x-XI
x -
17
49
17
- 1982
22
50
13
EL
-TJ-zr
27 29
45 I 45 I
15 I 12 9 1 17 I 1:: 1 li: I 14
100 100 100
1000 1000 1199 1000 1000
,AS
1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 I x i III-IV i x-XI j III-IV j x-XI }
X I X I X I X I x I I
I I
35 I 25
43 I 49
I I I I I I I I I I I I
26 I 32 I 27 I
46 I 40 I 41 I .15 I 14 I 14 I
I ELLAS 7
- A 7 9 -
12 13 11 13 9 10 10 14
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1806 2227 1308 1237 1156 1276 1149 991
TABLEAU 8 (suite) / TABLE 8 (continued)
I
11
100
1006
Eprouveraient/Would be - de grands regrets/
- de llindiff6rence/ - un vif soulagerent/
, relieved Sans rCponse/No reply
Total
very s o r r y
indifferent
N
1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 x III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI III-IV x x x % X I x x x
I I I I I I I I l I
x x Eprouveraient/Would be - de grands regrets/ - de llindiffCrence/
1 - un vif soulagerent/ 1 relieved 1 Sans rCponse/No reply
very sorry
indif ferent
I 10 13 11 14 8 8 7
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1 939 1011 1000 1008 1006 1017 1006
I Total III
10
100
1004
I I
I
I
31 I 42
52 I 43
5 1 2
I IRELAND
I 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1977 I 1981 1981 1982 1982 I IX IV-v x-XI v-VI X x-XI 1 IV x-XI III-IV x
I 1 % x x x x X I x x x x l I
FRANCE
*-
1974 1974 1975
(Sans rCponse/No reply I 16 7 6 3 5 5 7
1 Total I 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1999 1000 1000 1000 998 997 1005
i I I I
I I I I
56 I 50 I 56
30 I 33 I 31
3 1 4 1 4
14 12 11
100 100 100 : 985 1181 1007
1975 I 1977 I 1981 * I I l I
I I 50 I 45 I 34
37 I 39 I 44
3 1 6 1 8 I I
1981 x-XI
x
31
48
4
III-IV\ T
I I
40 I I
42 I I
1199
TABLEAU 8 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 8 (cont inued)
I 7 I
i 11 8
I 100 100
987 1002
I I RELAND I
8 9 7 7 13 i i 100 100 100 100 100
1000 1008 1009 1008 1002
I l I Eprouvera ient /Yould be I- de grands r e g r e t s / I very s o r r y I- de 1 I i n d i f f C r e n c e l I i n d i f f e r e n t I- un v i f soulagement/ I r e l i e v e d I Sans r(ponse/No r e p l y
1 T o t a l
I"
I 24
I 100
2000
1 1983 I 1983 1 1984 I 1984 I 1985 I 1985 1 1986 I I I t
14 14 10 10 14 10 7 11
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1909 1030 1021 1043 1110 1155 1183 1070
IIII- IV^ x I III-IV I x-XI I III-IV I x-XI I III-IV I i 1 x 1 X I S I X I X I X I X I x ! X I T
I 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 I x III-IV x III-IV x-XI III-IV x-XI III-IV I x x x x x x x x x x
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
33 I 30 I 33 I 31 I 37 I 40 I 39 I l I I I I I I I l I I
49 I 42 I 43 I 46 I 42 I 38 I 36 I I I I I I I I I I I I
7 1 2 0 1 1 6 1 1 4 ) 1 4 1 1 5 1 1 2 1 I I
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 12
T o t a l I 100
N 1025
10 12 15 9 10 12 13
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1031 1033 1060 ' 1097 1127 1047 1103
I -r
L
i I I E p r o u v e r a i e n t l Y o u l d be I- de grands r e g r e t s / I very s o r r y I - de 1 1 i n d i f f 6 r e n c e / I i n d i f f e r e n t I- un v i f soulagement/ I r e l i e v e d I Sans rCponse/Ho r e p l y
I T o t a l
I ITALIA
I 1971 I 1973 I 1974 I 1974 I 1975 I 1675 I 1977 I 1981 I 1981 I 1982 I VII I IX I IV-v I x-XI 1 v-VI I x I x-XI 1 I V I x-XI 1x11- IV 1 x 1 x i X I X I X I X I X I X I X I x I I I 35 I I 38 I 1 3
41
44
1
60
22
4
65
23
2
52
35
3
45
38
3
48
38
4
50
39
4
45
41
3
46
39
1301
- A 8 1 -
1971 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1977 1981 1981
TABLEAU 8 (suite) / TABLE 8 (continued)
1982
i I (Eprouveraient/Would be I- de grands regretsl I very sorry I- de lIindiffCrence/ I indifferent I- un vif soulagement/ I relieved I Sans rCponse/No reply
I Total
VII IX IV-v x-XI v-VI X x-XI IV x x x X I x % x x
In
x-XI III-IV X I x
16 11 I 7 12 I 13 14 9 5 4 9
' 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
, 302 330 308 297 311 297 344 300 500 399
I I 1; Ix I I I x
(Eprouvcraient/Would be I I - de grands regrets/ I I very sorry I 54 I- de ltindiffCrence/ I 1 indifferent I 36 1- un vif soulagement/ I I relieved 1 4 Isans rCponse/No reply 16
I N 300
I
I 100 I Total -
1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 III-IV x III-IV I %-XI I III-IV
x x X I X I x x-XI III-IV
x X I % I x
8 5 7 3
100 100 100 100
300 304 300 299
4 7 7
100 100 100
300 300 300
I I NEDERLAND
I 1971 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1977 1981 1981 1982 I VII IX IV-v x-XI v-VI X x-XI IV x-XI III-IV
I I
Ï '-
X I x x x X I x x 1 x 1 I x x t
ISans rCponse/No reply I 15
llots1 I 100
1198
13 I 22 14 20 20 8 1 8 18 10
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ~,_
1464 1000 1012 1093 1006 943 1058 1011 1228
- A 8 2 -
TABLEAU 8 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 8 (cont inued)
10 10
100 100
998 1050
i I (Eprouveraient/Would be I- de grands regre ts / I very so r ry I- de l ' i n d i f f # r e n c e / I i n d i f f e r e n t I- un v i f soulageient / I r e l i e v e d I Sans r#ponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
9 9 9 8 1 111 I, 100 100 100 100 100
1015 1018 985 1068 1001 L
- 1982
X x -
50
34
4 12
1 O0
1056
- - -
UNITED KINGDOM I I 1972 I 1973 I 1973 I 1973 I 1973 I 1973 I 1973 I 1973 I 1973 I 1973
I I
ISans rbponse/Alo r e p l y I 6
I T o t a l I 100
I N 1028
I I I - I V I x I I I I - I V I x - X I I I I I - I V I x - X I I I I I - I V I I X I X I X I X I % I % I X I X 1 -
14 9 12 9 10 I 9 1 0 1 9 1 1 1 -
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ,_
924 1013 873 885 998 818 1933 902 906
UNITED KINGDOM I I 1974 I 1974 I 1974 I 1974 I 1974 I 1974 I 1974 I 1974 1 1974 I 1975
I
ISans r¿ponse/No r e p l y I 7
I T o t a l I 100
N 1054
7 12 8 8 7 7 12 9 12
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 -: 1055 1007 1031 985 908 817 1006 1039 988
- A 8 3 -
1975 1975 1976 1976 1976 1976 1977 1977 1977
TABLEAU 8 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 8 ( con t i nued )
1979
i I I (Eprouvera ient /Would be I- de grands r e g r e t s / I very s o r r y I- de l I i n d i f f e r e n c e / I i n d i f f e r e n t I - un v i f soulagement/ I r e l i e v e d I Sans rCponse/No r e p l y 9 6 9 1 8 7 11 8 I 10 6 1 6 . -
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 -. 1328 1438 1077 992 1038 976 945 954 1351 1009
( T o t a l
I N
Eprouvera ient /Would be I I I 1 - de grands r e g r e t s / I I I
1 - de l ' i n d i f f & r e n c e / I I I
- un v i f soulagement/ 1 I I
very s o r r y I 16 I 14 I 17
l i n d i f f e r e n t I 26 I 27 I 25
r e l i e v e d Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
N
6 5 1 4 4
100 100 100 100
1046 921 923 1369
UNI TE0 K I NG004
I 1979 1 1980 I 1980 I 1980 I 1980 I 1981 I 1981 I 1981 I 1981 I 1982 I X I I I V I v I V I I x 111-111 I I V I v I x - X I I I I I - I \
6 6 4
100 100 100
972 1395 1419
5
100
1348
Eprouveraient/Would be - de grands r e g r e t s /
- de l ' i n d i f f e r e n c e /
- un v i f soulagement/
Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
T o t a l
ve ry s o r r y
i n d i f f e r e n t
r e l i e v e d 6 1 7 6 4 4 5
100 100 100 100 100 100
918 910 1277 1013 1355 960
I I
I I 19 I 23 I 19
33 I 30 I 34 I I
44 I 42 I 42
UNITEO KINGDOM
1983 I 1983 I 1983 I 1983 I 1984 I 1984 I 1984 I I I - I V I v I V I I I x I III I I I I - I V I VII
(1) (2 ) V o i r page A 84. / See page A 84.
- A 8 4 -
1984 1985
TABLEAU 8 ( s u i t e ) / TABLE 8 (cont inued)
1985 1985 1986
(Eprouveraient/Yould .be 1- de grands regre ts / I very so r ry I- de l 1 i n d i f f 6 r e n c e / 1 i n d i f f e r e n t I- un v i f soulagcaent/ I r e l i e v e d I Sans rCponse/No r e p l y
I T o t a l
x x ( 2 ) I (1 )
x x x % x x i 4 x (2 ) (21 ( 2 )
4 6
100 100
1405 930
4 4 6 I 100 100 100
1443 1383 1378
I VII IX I 1 x 1 x I
- IV-v x-XI v-VI X x-XI IV x-XI III-IV
% I x x x x; x x x
(Sans rCponse/No r e p l y I 15
I N 8670
I Tota l I 100
13 14 14 12 I 13 12 14 13 14
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
9153 5723 6114 6149 5691 5596 5518 5522 6665
I EURO 6
I 1982 1983 1983 I 1984 1984 I 1985 1985 1986 I x III-IV x I III-IV x-XI I III-IV x-XI III-IV 1 % x X I X I X I % x x x x
T o t a l I 100 100
N 5352 5427
100 100 100 100 100 100
5440 5393 5508 5452 5460 5399 L
- A 8 5 -
1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1977 1981 1981 1982 IX I IV-v x-XI v-VI X x-XI IV x-XI III-IV X I % x % x ry % x x
Eprouveraient/Would be - de grands regrets/ - de lIindiffhence/ - un vif soulagement/
Sans reponse/No reply
Total
N
very sorry
indiff erent
re lieved
1982 x x
TABLEAU 8 (suite) / TABLE 8 (continued)
13 12 12 11 11 11 11 12 12
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
13484 8922 9253 9550 9150 8936 9898 9911 11676
11
100
9689
II I I- I V x III-IV x-XI III-IV
Eprouveraient/Would be - de grands regretsl
- de l'indiffCrence/ - un vif soulagement/
Sans rCponse/No reply
Total
N
very sorry
indiff erent
relieved
>
x-XI III-IV x X I x % I x x X I x I x
(1) Y cowpris la Gr¿ce a partir d'avril 1981. / Including Greece from April 1981.
X I
Sans rCponse/No reply I 11
Total I 100
N 9790
12 13 9 10 10 12
100 100 100 100 100 100
9725 9746 9909 9936 9846 9822 -
1985 1986 x-XI I III-IV % I x x x X I X I x x x x
18
100
1003
24 I 100
1008
- A 8 6 -
18
100
1000
TABLEAU 8 (suite) / TABLE 8 (continued)
15
100
1000 L
I I IEprouveraient/Yould be I- de grands regrets/ I very sorry I- de l'indifférence/ I indifferent I- un vif soulagement/ I relieved I Sans rCponse/No reply I Total I W
I I
25 I ' I
49 I l
8 1
I I
33 I I
49 I I
3 1
I I
, I I
1 I I
1 I
I COMMUN
I 1985 I 1986 I I I x-XI I III-IV I I 1 x 1 x I x I x
Eprouveraient/Would be I I I I - de grands regrets/ I I I I
.very sorry I 42 I 4 2 I I - de lIindiffCrence/ I I 1 I
indiff erent I 38 I 36 I I - un vif soulagement/ I I I I
relieved I 9 1 8 1 I Sans rCponse/No reply
Total
N 111849 I 11831 I I
IT€ / COMMUNITY (EUR 12) (1) I I
x x x f x x
(1) Y compris l'Espagne e t l e Portugal a partir d'octobre-novembre 1985. / Including Spain and Portugal from October-November 1985.
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