Standard 90.1-2010 Update

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-

2010

Hugh Crowther P. EngHugh Crowther P. Eng

Director at Large

Agenda• ASHRAE Standards

Development

– Jargon

• Std 90.1 layout• Std 90.1 layout

• Review of changes to each section

• How Improvements are evaluated

• Questions

Compliance Approaches

Envelope

HVAC

Building SystemsBuilding Systems Compliance OptionsCompliance Options

Prescriptive Option

HVAC

SHW

Power

Lighting

Other

Mandatory Provisions

Trade Off Option

Energy Cost Budget

Simplified

Compliance

Std 90.1 Sections

• Section 1: Purpose

• Section 2: Scope

• Section 3: Definitions

• Section 7: Service Water Heating

• Section 8: Power

• Section 9: Lighting• Section 3: Definitions

• Section 4: Admin and

Enforcement

• Section 5: Building Envelope

• Section 9: Lighting

• Section 10: Other Equipment

• Section 11: Energy Cost Budget

(ECB) method

• Section 12: Normative References

• Appendices

Std 90.1 -2010• Significant Savings

over 2004 version

• Site energy savings is in kWh

National Weighted Energy

With Receptacle Loads

Without Receptacle Loads

in kWh

• Site energy cost savings is in $

– Std 90.1 evaluates itself

on energy cost

• How did they do that?

Energy Savings

Loads Loads

Site Energy

25.5% 32.6%

Energy Cost

24.0% 30.1%

How did they do that?

30% Improvement

109 AddendaTPS Change

Lets talk about changes from 2007 version to the 2010 version

2004 20102007

17%

9%

3%

14%

11%Lighting 17%

Cooling 9%

Heating 21%

Ventilation 5%

Water Heating 9%

Refrigeration 3%

Change in Scope• Process (plug) loads

can now be included

• The TPS change allows the committee to write rules on plug loads if they deem it necessary

64%

Regulated

Section 2

21%

5%9%

3%

5%

3%

3%Electronics 5%

Computers 3%

Cooking 3%

Other 14%

Adjust to SEDS 11%

necessary

• If the Std does not specifically address a process load, then it is unregulated

Source: Building Energy Data Book 2009, Table 3.1.4

25%

Unregulated

A 30% total site reduction would require a 47% reduction in regulated loads

A 50% total site reduction would require a 78% reduction in regulated loads

Building Envelope• Building envelope

requirements change based on location

• Approximately 20 changes between

Section 5

changes between 2007 and 2010 versions

• Informative Appendix F lists changes by addenda

Building Envelope• Continuous air barrier

for most buildings

– 5.4.3.1

– Material leakage rate

under 0.004 cfm/ft² @

Section 5

under 0.004 cfm/ft² @

0.3 in. w.c.

– Assembly leakage rate

under 0.04 cfm/ft² @ 0.3

in. w.c.

Goal: Minimize infiltration by 83% and HVAC energy usage by 40% - NIST

Building Envelope• Tightened air leakage

rates for fenestration and doors

– 5.4.3.2

Section 5

– 1 cfm/ft² @ 1.57 PSF for

doors

– 0.06 cfm/ft² @ 1.57 PSF

for curtain wall

Goal: Minimize infiltration

Building Envelope• Vestibule

Requirements changed

– 5.4.3.4

Section 5

• Insulation requirements for metal buildings more stringent

– 5.5.3.1 and 5.5.3.2

Building Envelope• Cool roofs required in

some climate zones

– 5.5.3.1.1

– Zones 1,2 and3

Section 5

– Solar reflectance = 0.55

– SRI = 64 (ASTM E1980)

Goal: Minimize roof loads

Building Envelope• Vertical fenestration must

have more area on south side than on either east or west side– 5.5.4.5

Section 5

– 5.5.4.5

• Large spaces with tall ceilings must have minimum skylight area and automatic daylighting controls– 5.5.4.2.3

Building Envelope• Exceptions are

provided to SHGC requirements for dynamic glazing

5.5.4.4.1

Section 5

– 5.5.4.4.1

HVAC Systems• Process cooling can now be

included– Scope change

• New data center requirements– Added CRAC units based on ASHRAE

Section 6

– Added CRAC units based on ASHRAE

Std 127

– Introduced sensible Coefficient of

Performance (SCOP)

– 6.4.1.1, 6.5.1, Table 6.8.1k

– A/C equipment primarily serving

computer rooms must meet Table

6.8.1kExample of process loads now being

considered

HVAC Systems• Upgraded efficiencies

to most HVAC equipment categories

– 6.8.1 tables

Section 6

• New term for Unitary equipment

– Integrated Energy

Efficiency Ratio (IEER)

– Brings focus to part load

efficiency rather than just

full load performance Goal: Promote Part load performance

HVAC Systems• Increased efficiency for water-

cooled and evaporatively cooled air conditioners/heatpumps

– 3 to 5% more stringent as of June 2011

Section 6

– IEER increase from 5 to 13%

– Two position valves required on water

cooled unitary equipment (WSHPs)

– Pumps larger than 5 hp serving W/C

unitary equipment need VFD

HVAC Systems• Water to water heat pumps

– Added to standard

– Efficiencies based on application

(Watersource, ground water, ground

source)

Section 6

source)

HVAC Systems• Increased efficiency for PTACs

and PTHPs as of Oct 2012

– Created standard (16 x 42 size) and non

standard efficiency tables

– Standard size for new construction

Section 6

– Standard size for new construction

– Non standard size for replacement

(existing wall sleeves)

Standard

Non -standard

HVAC Systems• Two path compliance for

chillers (addendum M)– Both paths have a full and part

load target

– Path A targets high full load

Section 6

– Path A targets high full load performance

– Path B targets high part load performance

– Chillers with glycol now under Std 90.1

– Glycol chiller performance criteria based on just water when checking with 90.1 Goal: Promote full operating range

performance

HVAC Systems• Recent Chiller Interpretations

– Where customers request more

strict conditions than required in

AHRI 550/590, the chillers will be

compared to Std 90.1 at standard

Section 6

compared to Std 90.1 at standard

rating conditions.

– Power usage shall be measured at

the line side of starter or VFD.

– Starter and VFD losses must be

included in chiller performance

HVAC Systems• Chiller scope expansion

– Air and water cooled positive

displacement chillers now included

in Std 90.1 with LFT > 32 °F

• Non standard chiller equation

Section 6

• Non standard chiller equation

– 6.4.1.2.1

– Covers chillers with LFT ≥ 36 °F

– Covers chillers with CWT ≤ 115 °F

– 20 °F to 80 °F of lift

• About 98% of centrifugal chillers now covered by Std 90.1

Goal: Avoid gaming by picking 85.1 °F CWT

HVAC Systems• VRF systems added

– Based on new AHRI 1230 test standard

– The IEER levels will increase in 2012

Section 6

in 2012

• New rating system for water to water HX– 6.4.1.4

– Encouraging manufacturers to certify their products

– No performance targets yet

HVAC Systems• Restrictions on pump

head sizing and pipe sizing

– 6.4.2.2

Section 6

– Need to calculate the

pressure drop through

piping and components

for critical path

• Pipe sizing as per table 6.5.4.5

– Flow rate by Dia. And

hours operation

Goal: Make sure pumps are not oversized

HVAC Systems• Pump differential

pressure flow control shall

– Not exceed pressure

required for 110% of

Section 6

required for 110% of

design flow through heat

exchanger

– Shall reset down during

part load until one

control valve is nearly

open.

– 6.5.4.1

HVAC Systems• Hydronic systems

other than unitary systems must have VFD over 10 hp

6.5.4.1

Section 6

– 6.5.4.1

– No caveats any more

– No pump curve riding etc

Goal: Promote Variable flow systems

HVAC Systems• VAV requirement for DX and

chilled water systems that serve single zone– 6.4.3.10

– Chilled water systems ≥ 5 hp fan

Section 6

– Chilled water systems ≥ 5 hp fan

motors must be variable flow

– 2 spd or VFD

– As of Jan. 1, 2012 DX systems >

110kBtu/h must be able to reduce

fan speed 2/3 or less at 50% load

– 2 spd or VFD

• Fan power ratings based on constant volume power limits

Goal: Promote fan power savings

HVAC Systems• Increased insulation

requirements for pipes and ducts

– 6.4.4

Section 6

• New requirements for radiant panel systems

– 6.4.4

– Ineffective panel areas

shall have r-3.5

HVAC Systems• Limitations on centrifugal

fan cooling towers– 6.5.5.3

– 1100 gpm or greater, must meet axial fan efficiency

Section 6

axial fan efficiency

– 38.2 USgpm per fan hp

– Exempt if they are ducted

• New tower category for closed circuit cooling towers– Avoid confusion with Fluid

coolers

Goal: Promote fan power savings

HVAC Systems• Economizer changes

– 6.5.1

• With more stringent envelopes and higher internals loads,

Section 6

internals loads, cooling required at lower ambients– Promotes economizers

• Economically justified in all but Zones 1a and ab.

Goal: Promote economizers. The improvements in building envelopes make economizers economically justified in more climate zones

HVAC Systems• Sizes 54 kBtu/h and larger

require economizers

– Individual unit (not system)

– Air or water economizers

Section 6

– Economizer is 1st stage cooling

– 2nd stage mechanical cooling

– Economizer goes to minimum

when high limit reached

– High limit settings by region

• 12 exceptions

HVAC Systems• Economizer exception for

computer rooms– 6.5.1j

– Total design below 3,000 kBtu/h and not served by

Section 6

kBtu/h and not served by chiller plant

– Total design below 600 kBtu/h and is served by chiller plant

– Local authority prohibits cooling towers

– Less than 600 kBtu/h computer load being added to existing building

HVAC Systems• Water economizer sizing

for computer rooms

– 6.5.1.2

– Load must be met at 40 °F db/

35°F wb with evaporative type

Section 6

35°F wb with evaporative type

water economizers

– Load must be met at 35 °F db

with dry type water

economizers

HVAC Systems• Changes to damper

leakage requirements

– 6.5.1.1.4

– Comply with changes to

Section 6

– Comply with changes to

controls section

– Motorized intake and

exhaust dampers in most

climate zones

Goal: Limit infiltration during off hours and slow down heat up or cool down

HVAC Systems• Dynamic ventilation

control for multi zone VAV systems following Std 62.1 Appendix A

Section 6

Appendix A– 6.5.3.3

– VAV systems with DDC controls shall lower ventilation air below design rate in response to ventilation efficiency

HVAC Systems• Supply air reset

– Removed from 1999

version

– Back in 2010 version

– 6.5.3.4

Section 6

– 6.5.3.4

• Goal is to reset SAT up to max level when boxes at minimum flow

– Fan penalty should be

offset by reheat savings

– Can be based on outdoor

air reset

Goal: Mechanical cooling savings that more than offset additional fan work

HVAC Systems• SAT Reset exceptions

– Climate zones 1a, 2a,3a

– Systems that prevent

reheating, re-cooling or

mixing

Section 6

mixing

– Systems where 75% of

reheat comes from recovery

or solar.

HVAC Systems• Additional requirements

for reheat/re-cool minimums– 20% zone design peak supply

rate during deadband and

Section 6

rate during deadband and 50% zone peak design rate for full heating

– Meant to help with stratification in heating from ceiling diffusers

• Overheat heating SAT limited to 20 °F above temperature set point

Goal: Reduce heating air flow to minimum level where overhead distribution is still effective

HVAC Systems• Climatic based

requirement for energy recovery– 6.5.6

– Based on climate zone, size and % outdoor air

Section 6

and % outdoor air

• New requirements for garage and kitchen hood ventilation– 6.4.3.4.5 and 6.5.7

– Garage systems shall modulate to 50% based on contaminants Goal: Fan power savings in garages and

kitchen exhaust systems

HVAC Systems• New requirements for

lab exhaust

– 6.5.7.2

– Need to be VAV above

5000 cfm

Section 6

5000 cfm

Service Water Heating• No changes from

2007 version

Section 7

Power• Half of all convenience

power outlets shall be controlled such that power is turned off when space is not occupied

Section 8

not occupied– 8.4.2

• Efficiency requirements added for dry type transformers– 8.1.2

– Reflect 2005 Federal requirements Goal: Std 90.1 in line with Federal codes

Lighting• Increased documentation

requirements– 9.7

• Lighting alteration requirements now– Take effect at 10%

Section 9

– Take effect at 10% replacement

– Include exterior areas

– Include renovations even when it is just lamp/ballast replacement

– Require compliance with auto shut requirements

– 9.1.2

Lighting• Changes to lighting

power density (LPD) values – tables 9.5.1 and 9.6.1

• Adjustment Factor added

Section 9

• Adjustment Factor added for tall spaces– 9.6.3

• Additional LPD allowed when using certain non mandatory controls– 9.6.2c

Lighting• Allowances for retail

lighting have been reduced

– 9.6.2b

Section 9

• Multi-use spaces now use multiple LPD valves

– 9.6.1

Lighting• Exterior lighting now

broken into 5 zones based on ambient light levels

9.6.1

Section 9

– 9.6.1

– Undeveloped park area

to high traffic

commercial zone

Lighting• Light control changes include

(9.4)– Bi level control

– Auto shut off based on occupancy required in more spaces

– Certain required controls must be

Section 9

– Certain required controls must be manual/auto on to no more than 50% power

– Deleted 5000 ft² threshold for auto shutoff

– Functional testing of some lighting controls now required (9.4.4)

– Daylight harvesting required in certain situations 5.5.4.2.3

Other Equipment• Control requirements

for water pressure booster pump systems

10.4.2

Section 10

– 10.4.2

– Variable flow design

– Don’t dead head a pump

Goal: Avoid pump work during low or no flow requirement periods

Other Equipment• Requirements added

to limit lighting and fan power in elevator cabs and de-energize during stand by mode

Section 10

during stand by mode– 10.4.3

• Motor efficiency tables changed for motors built after 12/19/2010– Table 10.8a,b,c

Goal: Keep Std 90.1 in line with Federal motor requirements

ECB Method• No changes to 2010

version

• Case sample provided in previous

Section 11

Large Office

provided in previous Users manual has been deleted

– Can be downloaded

from ASHRAE

Secondary School

Performance Rating Method• Can use Appendix G to rate

buildings for other than compliance with Std 90.1– LEED

– Appendix G is nota compliance path

• A building complies with Std

Appendix G

High-rise Apartment

• A building complies with Std 90.1 (section 11) if the proposed design energy cost ≤ energy cost budget

• In Appendix G Proposed building performance ≥ baseline building performance

Hospital

Performance Rating Method• Now normative part of the

Standard whereas it was informative

• Heated only storage spaces have been added

Appendix G

High-rise Apartment

spaces have been added– G3.1.1

• 2 rules added to ventilation rules for baseline HVAC systems– G3.1.2.6

Hospital

Questions?