Standard 3 - Administration · •What did “no taxation without representation” mean to the colonists? A. The taxing power of British shopkeepers is represented in Parliament.

Standard 3 The student will explain the

primary causes of the American

Revolution.

What is happening here?

Who seem to be the aggressors?

What really happened?

• October 1, 1768: British regulars arrived in

Boston, MA to maintain order and enforce

the taxes the colonists were asked to pay

after the French and Indian War.

• The people of Boston resented the British

soldiers and considered them a foreign

presence. They taunted them and

prevented them from carrying out their

duties.

What happened next?

• March 5, 1770: The Twenty-Ninth Regiment

came to the relief of the soldiers on duty at the

Customs House. They were met by an unruly

gang of civilians, many of them drunk after

having left a local tavern.

• It was dark, and the crowd threw snowballs, ice

balls, horse manure, and anything else lying on

the street at the soldiers. The crowd also taunted

the soldiers by yelling and calling them names.

What happened next?

• Captain Preston could not control the crowd as

they taunted the soldiers. He ordered his troops

"Don’t fire!" but with the commotion the troops

fired and killed three men instantly; another two

died later. The first man to die was Crispus

Attucks, a black man (This is debated in

History).

• The funerals of the dead were great patriotic

demonstrations.

• The event and the propaganda surrounding it

helped lead to the Revolutionary War.

Published two weeks after the

Revere Lithograph

The French and Indian War

• This pitted the French and Indians against British regulars and colonists

• The goal was to control the Ohio River Valley and Canada

• The Albany Plan of Union was proposed by Benjamin Franklin as a way to congeal colonial strength

• The war was won by the British and had many significant outcomes

The Treaty of Paris (1763)

• Great Britain won the war.

• France handed over Canada and surrendered

all claims to land east of the Mississippi River.

The French and Indian War

Outcomes

• Colonists lose respect for the British regulars

• British question colonial loyalties

• British coffers run dry

Results

• British begin to tax the colonists

• Colonists begin to think they can defeat the British army

• The British crown imposes the Proclamation of 1763

The Proclamation of 1763

• The King of England issued the Proclamation to end the westward expansion of British colonists.

• This happened because of armed conflict with Native Americans in the area.

• Colonists continued to move west in opposition to the Proclamation.

• The British’s inability to stop the colonist further undermined their authority.

The Acts

• Sugar Act: – Raise money and tighten the enforcement of the Navigation Act

• Quartering Act – Colonists must house and feed British regulars

• Stamp Act – Taxed everyday products and was the first direct tax

– All taxes previous were indirect on imports

• Stamp Act protest – Formation of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty

– The Stamp Act Congress

– Boycotts

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

• The first large scale anti-

British movement in the

colonies.

• They organized a boycott

of all British imports to the

colonies.

• It was a representative

system because it had

representatives from

each colony.

The Boston Massacre

• A group of British soldiers opened fire on protestors in Boston.

• Five colonists were killed, including Crispus Attucks.

• The Massacre lead to the development of Committees of Correspondence.

Committees of Correspondence

• The Committees followed

the Sons of Liberty.

• The Committees had

representatives from each

colony to share information

about the coming

revolution and

revolutionary ideals.

• It followed Benjamin

Franklin’s ideas about the

colonies joining to resist

British oppression.

The Boston Tea Party • The British government had given a tea monopoly to the

British East India Company

• The colonists were still boycotting and largely buying smuggled tea (this was more expensive)

• The official British tea would be imported W/O the duty and be much cheaper

• Colonists still avoided the cheap tea

• Buying the tea would recognize the British right to tax

• Colonists boarded a BEIC ship and dumped the tea into Boston harbor, similar incidents occurred in Virginia as well

• As a response to the BTP, Britain passed the Coercive or “Intolerable” Acts designed to punish the colonists

• The boycotts allowed the colonists to see they could live without British goods

The Intolerable Acts of 1774

• The Port of Boston was closed and blockaded until the colonists paid for the tea

• The Administration of Justice Act said Royal officers were to be tried in Britain

• Expanded Quartering Act – Colonists had to house

British soldiers in their homes.

The First Continental Congress

• It was a gathering in Philadelphia of 56 delegates from all of the colonies except Georgia.

• The Congress called for the colonies to establish a new boycott.

• It also called for the arming of the colonists and the forming of militias.

• The idea of “No Taxation without Representation” is promoted.

Choose 1 of the following

• Metaphorical

Illustration of the

Road to

Revolution.

• Letter from a

Colonist.

• Write a one page

letter as a loyalist

or a patriot to the

king of England.

Explain in detail

why you are for or

against the

Revolution.

• A colonists wanting to settle new land

taken from the French after 1763 would

have been most upset about which of the

following?

A. The Proclamation of 1763

B. The Stamp Act

C. The Boston Tea Party

D. The Intolerable Acts

• Committees of Correspondence would

have been most devoted to which of the

following?

A. Raising tobacco

B. Enforcing the Stamp Act

C. Protecting the king’s reputation

D. Encouraging discontent among the colonists

• What did “no taxation without

representation” mean to the colonists? A. The taxing power of British shopkeepers is

represented in Parliament.

B. There should be no taxation of British goods

entering the colonies.

C. Taxation in the colonies should only be fro British

citizens.

D. The colonists should not be taxed without

representation in Parliament.

• What followed the Boston Tea Party?

A. The free flow of trade between the colonies

and other countries.

B. Harsh restrictions on colonial liberties and

trade.

C. Increased self-government in New England.

D. The removal of British troops from the

colonies.

C

Common Sense

• It was a 47-page

pamphlet written by

Thomas Paine.

• It convinced many

readers, even those

who favored a peaceful

resolution with Britain,

that a complete break

was the only

acceptable outcome.

• Someone inspired by the writings of

Thomas Paine in 1776 would most likely

support which of the following statements? A. “Long live King George!”

B. “The colonies must proclaim their independence!”

C. “Laws passed by Parliament must be respected.”

D. “Slavery is a moral outrage and must be abolished.”

• What effect did Thomas Paine’s Common

Sense have on the independence

movement?

A. It made people feel like the fight has been

lost.

B. It inspired Americans to fight the British.

C. It increased respect for the British

government.

D. It ended the American Revolution.

• Why is Thomas Paine given credit for

saving the independence movement?

A. He led the Continental Army to victory at the

Battle of Trenton.

B. His work, Common Sense, inspired colonists

to fight for independence.

C. He wrote the 1783 Treaty of Paris ending

the American Revolution.

D. He served as a delegate to the

Constitutional Convention.

Unit 1 Book Questions

• Pg. 30: 1-9

• Pg. 62: 1-10

• Pg. 92: 1-9

• Pg. 130: 1-9

• Pg. 160: 1-8

• Pg. 222: 1-9

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