Stage One of the Borrow Pit Project in Millstream ...€¦ · (API) for the Cape Lambert to Emu Siding Rail Duplication Project. A number of borrow pits were identified in consultation

Stage One of the Borrow Pit Project in Millstream Chichester National Park

Assessment on Proponent Information Environmental Impact Assessment Document

Prepared for

Rio Tinto Iron Ore

by Strategen September 2012


Assessment on Proponent Information Environmental Impact Assessment Document

Strategen is a trading name of Strategen Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd Level 2, 322 Hay Street Subiaco WA ACN: 056 190 419 September 2012

Disclaimer and Limitation This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of the Client, in accordance with the agreement

between the Client and Strategen (“Agreement”).

Strategen accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for it in respect of any use of or reliance upon

this report by any person who is not a party to the Agreement.

In particular, it should be noted that this report is a qualitative assessment only, based on the scope of

services defined by the Client, budgetary and time constraints imposed by the Client, the information

supplied by the Client (and its agents), and the method consistent with the preceding.

Strategen has not attempted to verify the accuracy or completeness of the information supplied by the

Client.

Copyright and any other Intellectual Property arising from the report and the provision of the services in

accordance with the Agreement belongs exclusively to Strategen unless otherwise agreed. This document

may not be reproduced or disclosed to any person other than the Client without the express written

authority of Strategen unless the document has been released for referral and assessment of proposals.

Client: Rio Tinto Iron Ore

Report Version Revision

No. Purpose

Strategen author/reviewer

Submitted to Client

Form Date

Final Report 0 Final L Kirchner/C Jones/T Bowra

electronic 20/10/11

Preliminary Draft Report B Draft for Client review

E Jacob, C Ingram/L Kirchner

electronic 11/06/2011

Final Draft Report C Draft for Client review

C Ingram, K Oliver/T Bowra

electronic 19/07/2012

Final Report 0 Submission to EPA C Ingram, K Oliver/T Bowra

Hard Copy/

electronic

25/07/2012

Amended final report 1 Submission to EPA C Ingram electronic 30/07/2012

Amended final report 2 Submission to EPA C Ingram Hard Copy 6/09/2012

Filename: PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 1 - 6 September 2012


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12

Table of contents 1. Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose of this document 1 1.3 Proponent details 2 1.4 Assessment approach 4 1.5 Applicable legislation 5

2. Proposal description and key characteristics 6

2.1 Proposal overview 6 2.2 Key characteristics 6 2.3 Justification of proposal 6 2.4 Schedule 9 2.5 Proposal description 9

2.5.1 Site selection 9 2.5.2 Disturbance area 10 2.5.3 Geotechnical investigation 10

2.6 Tenure 11

3. Environmental impact assessment methodology 12

3.1 Key environmental factors 12 3.2 Consistency with environmental principles 13

4. Stakeholder consultation 15

5. Regional environment and social setting 19

5.1 Physical environment 19

5.1.1 Climate 19 5.1.2 Geology 20 5.1.3 Topography and landforms 22 5.1.4 Regional hydrogeology 22 5.1.5 Regional hydrology 22

5.2 Land use 24 5.3 Socio-economic environment 24

5.3.1 Local government 24 5.3.2 Population and communities 24 5.3.3 Economic setting 24 5.3.4 Heritage 24

5.4 Biological environment 25

5.4.1 IBRA Bioregions 25 5.4.2 Vegetation and flora 25 5.4.3 Land systems 25

6. Flora and vegetation 28

6.1 Studies undertaken 28 6.2 Description of factor 28

6.2.1 Vegetation 28 6.2.2 Flora 32 6.2.3 Weeds 34

6.3 Assessment of potential impact and mitigation 38

6.3.1 EPA Objective for flora and vegetation 38 6.3.2 Potential sources of impact 38 6.3.3 Assessment of potential impact 38 6.3.4 Management measures 39 6.3.5 Potential cumulative impacts 41 6.3.6 Predicted environmental outcome 42

7. Terrestrial Fauna 43

7.1 Description of factor 43

7.1.1 Studies conducted to date 43

7.2 Description of factor 43


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12

7.2.1 Fauna habitats 43 7.2.2 Recorded fauna species 44 7.2.3 Species of conservation significance 44 7.2.4 Short range endemics species 50 7.2.5 Introduced species 50

7.3 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation 50

7.3.1 Potential sources of impact 50 7.3.2 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation 51 7.3.3 Management measures 52 7.3.4 Cumulative Impact 52 7.3.5 Predicted environmental outcome 53

8. Visual amenity 54

8.1 Study undertaken 54 8.2 Description of factor 54 8.3 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation 55

8.3.1 Potential sources of impact 55 8.3.2 Assessment of potential impacts 55 8.3.3 Management measures 56 8.3.4 Cumulative impact 56 8.3.5 Predicted environmental outcome 56

9. Aboriginal heritage 57

9.1 Description of factor 57 9.2 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation 59

9.2.1 Potential sources of impact 59 9.2.2 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation 59 9.2.3 Management measures 60 9.2.4 Cumulative impact 60 9.2.5 Predicted environmental outcome 60

10. Other relevant factors 61

10.1 Surface water 61

10.1.1 EPA objective 61 10.1.2 Description of factor 61 10.1.3 Assessment of potential impacts 61 10.1.4 Proposed management actions 61

10.2 Noise 62


10.3 Dust 62


10.4 Greenhouse gases 63


10.5 Hydrocarbons and hazardous waste 64


10.6 Solid and liquid waste management 65

10.6.1 EPA objective 65 10.6.2 Description of factor 65 10.6.3 Assessment of potential impact 65 10.6.4 Proposed management actions 66

11. Environmental Offsets 67

11.1 Offset evaluation 67


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12

12. Conclusion 70

12.1 Environmental impacts and mitigation 70

13. References 71


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12

List of tables Table 1 Key characteristics of the Proposal 6 Table 2 Geochemical investigation summary 10 Table 3 Consistency with Principles of Environmental Protection 13 Table 4 Topics discussed during consultation with key stakeholders 16 Table 5 Vegetation associations 25 Table 6 Vegetation communities within the Stage One borrow pit areas 30 Table 7 Conservation significant flora potentially occurring within the area 33 Table 8 Summary of the management priority recommendations for the weed species identified in the

Proposal area 35 Table 9 Weed mapping 36 Table 10 Conservation significant species occurring or potentially occurring in the Proposal area 46 Table 11 Invasive species 50 Table 12 Landscape within the visual impact assessment area 54 Table 13 Location of each borrow pit 55 Table 14 Proposed mitigation and management strategies for borrow pits 56 Table 15 Aboriginal Heritage database search results for the Proposal 57 Table 16 Summary of Aboriginal heritage sites associated with the Proposal 59 Table 17 Environmental offsets reporting form 68 List of figures Figure 1 Stage One Proposal location 3 Figure 2 Stage One Locality 8 Figure 3 Mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures for Roebourne 19 Figure 4 Monthly rainfall data showing rainfall and number of rain days for Roebourne 20 Figure 5 Stage One Geology 21 Figure 6 Stage One hydrology 23 Figure 7 Stage One Beard’s mapping 26 Figure 8 Stage One land systems 27 Figure 9 Stage One vegetation mapping 29 Figure 10 Stage One weed mapping 37 List of appendices Appendix 1 Borrow Pit Management Plan 75 Appendix 2 Studies undertaken 79 Appendix 3 Visual montages of stage one proposed borrow pits 83 Appendix 4 Rio Tinto Proposed Offset Package - Confidential 87


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 1

1. Introduction Rio Tinto Iron Ore (Rio Tinto), in conjunction with joint venture partners, owns and operates a rail network

located within the Pilbara region of Western Australia that transports iron ore from Rio Tinto mine sites to

Rio Tinto ports at Dampier and Cape Lambert.

Rio Tinto is currently investigating the opportunity to expand iron ore operations in the Pilbara from a

current capacity of 220 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) to 353 Mtpa. This will involve the establishment

of new mines, expansion of existing mines, expansion of existing port facilities at Dampier and Cape

Lambert and upgrade of the existing rail network in order to accommodate the additional capacity.

To facilitate this expansion Rio Tinto requires borrow material for ongoing operation and maintenance of

rail networks and to support future rail expansion projects in the Pilbara.

Sections of the Rio Tinto rail network traverse Millstream Chichester National Park (MCNP) and Karijini

National Park (KNP). In order to duplicate these rail lines, establishment of an additional rail track will be

required within the national parks. Rio Tinto have therefore, identified the need to locate borrow pits within

MCNP and KNP for maintenance of its existing rail network and for these future rail expansion projects

within these areas. 1.1 Background Approval for borrow pits within MCNP was originally included in the Assessment on Proponent Information

(API) for the Cape Lambert to Emu Siding Rail Duplication Project. A number of borrow pits were

identified in consultation with the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC), Millstream Link

Alliance and Main Roads WA (MRWA). During the stakeholder consultation and investigation process the

number and size of proposed borrow pits was refined and a more strategic approach to accessing borrow

in the two National Parks was developed. However, following stake holder consultation it was elected to

exclude the borrow pits from the rail project approval due to a lack of detailed studies available at that time.

The Borrow Pit Project was originally referred to the Office of the Environmental Protection Authority

(OEPA) in October 2011. The proposal was structured around two stages:

• Stage 1 pits located In close proximity to the existing rail lines in the northern section of MCNP

(Figure 1)

• Stage 2 pits located in close proximity to the existing rail line traversing MCNP and KNP.

Following submission of the Referral, the OEPA and DEC advised that there was insufficient information

regarding the scope of Stage 2 and subsequently Rio Tinto elected to refer the project in two stages

through the environmental approval process in order for the scope of Stage Two to be better defined.

Stage Two Borrow Pits will be the subject of a separate referral and environmental assessment process.

Stage Two will be referred once the scope is better understood, more information is available and

adequate consultation has been conducted. 1.2 Purpose of this document The purpose of this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) document is to provide a detailed description

of the Stage One Borrow Pit Proposal (the Proposal) and to assess the potential environmental impacts

that may result, should the Proposal be implemented. This is required to enable assessment by OEPA

under the provisions of Part IV of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 WA (EP Act).

The Proposal is the subject of an amended proposal (and referral) which is expected to be assigned an

API level of assessment by the OEPA.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 2

This document provides:

• a description of the Proposal and alternatives considered

• a description of the receiving environment

• identification of key issues and environmental factors associated with those issues

• findings of the surveys and investigations undertaken and identification of the key issues and their

relative significance

• discussion of direct and indirect impacts of the proposal

• identification of management measures to mitigate the significant adverse impacts

• discussion of the requirement for offsets for the Proposal

• details of stakeholder consultation and how issues raised have been responded to.

The appendices contain the draft environmental management plan, copies of all technical study reports

referenced in this EIA and Geographical Information System data files. 1.3 Proponent details The proponent for this Proposal is Rio Tinto Iron Ore (Australia), which owns 53% of Robe River Mining

Company (Robe) and 100% of Hamersley Iron Pty Ltd (Hamersley).

The contact person at Rio Tinto for the Proposal is:

Tammy Souster

Environmental Approvals Specialist

Rio Tinto Iron Ore - Approvals

Level 22 Central Park

152 – 158 St Georges Tce

Perth WA 6000

Ph: (08) 9366 5634

Email: [email protected]

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KarijiniNational Park

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NammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiNammuldiBrockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2Brockman 2

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LEGEND

1:2 000 000 @ A4

SCALE

Figure 1 - Stage One

Proposal Location

Drawn: A.EveDate: April 2012

Plan No. PDE0094909v1Proj: MGA94 Zone50

Resource Strategy & Planning

Town

Port

Deposit

Railway

Sealed Road

North

West Coastal

Highway Great

Northern

Hw

y

Road

Nanutarra - Munjina

Unsealed Road

10 0 10 20 30 40km

Mine

Stage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneStage OneBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow PitBorrow Pit

Project AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject AreaProject Area


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 4

1.4 Assessment approach Assessment of the environmental impacts of the Proposal in this EIA has been conducted in accordance

with:

• Guide to EIA Environmental Principles, Factors and Objectives (EPA 2009b)

• Environmental Impact Assessment Administrative Procedures 2010 (EPA 2011).

The EPA Position Statements considered relevant are:

• EPA Position Statement No. 2 Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia

(EPA 2000a)

• EPA Position Statement No. 3 Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity

Protection (EPA 2002a)

• EPA Position Statement No. 7 Principles of Environmental Protection (EPA 2004a)

• EPA Position Statement No. 9 Environmental Offsets (EPA 2006a).

EPA Guidance Statements considered relevant are:

• EPA Guidance Statement No. 6 Rehabilitation of Terrestrial Ecosystems (EPA 2006b)

• EPA Draft Guidance Statement No. 8 Environmental Noise (EPA 2007a)

• EPA Guidance Statement No. 12 Guidance Statement for Minimising Greenhouse Gas Emissions

(EPA 2002b)

• EPA Guidance Statement No. 18 Prevention of Air Quality Impacts from Land Development Sites

(EPA 2000b)

• EPA Guidance Statement No. 19 Environmental Offsets (EPA 2008a)

• EPA Guidance Statement No. 20 Sampling of Short Range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna for

Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia (EPA 2009a)

• EPA Guidance Statement No. 33 Environmental Guidance for Planning and Development

(EPA 2008b)

• EPA Guidance Statement No. 41 Assessment of Aboriginal Heritage (EPA 2004b)

• EPA Guidance Statement No. 51 Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental

Impact Assessment in Western Australia (EPA 2004c)

• EPA Guidance Statement No. 56 Terrestrial Fauna Surveys for Environmental Impact

Assessment in Western Australia (EPA 2004d).

Other relevant Western Australian Government agency strategies, plans and guidelines include:

• Western Australian State Sustainability Strategy (GWA 2003a)

• Environmental Weed Strategy for Western Australia (CALM 1999)

• Greenhouse Strategy for Western Australia (GWA 2004)

• State Conservation Strategy (DEC 1987)

• Harding Dam Water Source Protection Plan–West Pilbara Water Supply Scheme (WRC 1999)

• Millstream Chichester National Park and Mungaroona Range Nature Reserve Management Plan

No. 69 (DEC 2011a)

• State Water Quality Management Strategy No.2 (WRC 2003b).

• The Visual Landscape Planning in Western Australia guidance document (DPI 2007)

• Policy statement 34 Visual Resource management on Land and Waters Managed by CALM

(CALM 1989).


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 5

1.5 Applicable legislation Implementation of the Proposal will require compliance with relevant legislation and regulations. Key

Western Australian legislation relevant to the environmental aspects of the Proposal includes:

• Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (AH Act)

• Agricultural and Related Resources Protection Act 1976

• Bush Fires Act 1954

• Conservation and Land Management Act 1984 (CALM Act)

• Contaminated Sites Act 2003

• Country Areas Water Supply Act 1947

• Dangerous Goods and Safety Act 2004

• Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act)

• Health Act 1911

• Land Administration Act 1997

• Local Government Act 1995

• Main Roads Act 1930

• Mining Act 1978

• Native Title (State Provisions) Act 1999

• Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984

• Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914

• Soil and Land Conservation Act 1945

• Transfer of Land Act 1893

• Waterways Conservation Act 1976

• Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (Wildlife Act).

Key Commonwealth legislation relevant to the environmental aspects of this Proposal includes:

• Environment Protection Biodiversity and Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)

• National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007(NGER Act)

• Native Title Act 1993.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 6

2. Proposal description and key characteristics 2.1 Proposal overview The Proposal concerns Stage One of Rio Tinto’s Borrow Pit Project involving the development of seven

borrow pits with area within MCNP. The locations of the proposed borrow pits to be developed for Stage

One are in close proximity to the existing Rio Tinto rail corridor. The Proposal area is illustrated in Figure

2.

Approximately 560,000 m3 of borrow material is required from the borrow pits over a period of up to five

years. The development of the Proposal will be staged according to the requirements of the operation and

expansion works in the locality. Progressive rehabilitation of disturbed areas will be conducted for each

borrow pit once the potential for the pit to be used as a resource for borrow is achieved.

Infrastructure including access tracks, vehicle wash down areas, a crushing plant and drainage structures

will also be required in order to utilise borrow from the proposed pits. 2.2 Key characteristics Key characteristics of the Proposal are provided in Table 1.

Table 1 Key characteristics of the Proposal

Proposal Characteristic Description

Project life Up to 5 years.

Total borrow material required Approximately 560,000 m3.

Area of ground disturbance Approximately 118.18 ha (for borrow pits, access tracks, bore pads, topsoil and cleared vegetation stockpiling), of which 13.15 ha has already been disturbed.

Water demand 300 000 kL (total) for dust suppression and operational use.

Water supply Water Corporation’s West Pilbara Water Supply Scheme, with bores acting as a potential contingency plan.

Ancillary infrastructure

• access track network to enable transport of borrow material to required area

• inspection and wash down areas for weed hygiene

• drainage structures to manage surface water near borrow pits

• crushing plant. 2.3 Justification of proposal A reliable and practicable source of borrow material is imperative to the maintenance and expansion

operations of the Rio Tinto rail network that, in turn, will assist in the overall expansion of Rio Tinto’s

Pilbara operations. A source of borrow material for the rail works associated with sections of rail traversing

MCNP is therefore required.

Access to borrow material within the MCNP may be permitted in accordance with Section 24 of the

Mining Act 1978. Consent is required from the Minister for the Environment following consultation with the

Conservation Commission Western Australia (CCWA) under the Conservation and Land Management Act

1984. Extraction of borrow from within MCNP may be opposed should it be believed to affect the values of

MCNP.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 7

Guidance to mining activities within national parks is available from Department of Mines and Petroleum

(DMP) (DMP 1998). The CCWA has also issued a position statement Mining in Terrestrial Conservation

Reserves (2011). More detailed guidance is provided in the Conservation Commission Policy Statement 3

on the management of extraction of basic raw materials within conservation estate (2006). While this

policy is specific to government and local government the MCNP Management Plan references that

access to basic raw material may be permitted in accordance with this guidance (DEC 2011a).

Rio Tinto therefore considers that extraction of borrow within MCNP may be permitted where:

• the use of the material does not detract from the protection and management of the area

• a more environmentally acceptable alternative is not available

• the material is used to support rail operations traversing MCNP

• extraction is consistent with the MCNP management plan and purpose and tenure of the area

• values of the MCNP (including visual amenity) are considered when selecting proposed borrow pit

sites.

Rio Tinto has investigated numerous areas, adjacent to and further north of MCNP, for potential borrow

material. During these investigations numerous sites were identified as key heritage sites which would

require s.18 consent to disturb. Rio Tinto’s preference is to not disturb heritage sites whenever possible.

This meant Rio Tinto needed to consider developing borrow pits within the MCNP or up to a distance of

50 km away from the park boundary. This haulage distance would require construction of a new fit for

purpose haulage route and significant transportation requirements in order to provide the borrow material

to areas within the MCNP.

Sourcing of borrow material from within MCNP enables avoidance of key environmental risks and impacts

associated with transportation of borrow material from outside MCNP. These risks and impacts include:

• potential for introduction and/or spread of weeds and disease in MCNP

• requirement for the construction of temporary dedicated haulage routes across creeks or drainage

lines, such as Western Creek, to accommodate haulage/traffic demand

• increased demand for borrow material to conduct additional maintenance of public and haulage

roads due to increased numbers of heavy vehicles

• additional water use for dust suppression and maintenance of additional haulage roads

• increased potential for accidents associated with haulage and heavy vehicles interacting with

public traffic.

Where extraction of borrow is approved, Rio Tinto will implement a Borrow Pit Management Plan (BPMP)

in order to continue to maintain the values of the MCNP (Appendix 1).

The key aspects of the Proposal designed to protect the environmental values of MCNP are:

• siting of borrow pits in vegetation communities that are adequately represented and with the

lowest natural values

• applying best practice hygiene management

• applying best practice rehabilitation following extraction.

7,658,000 mN

7,660,000 mN

7,654,000 mN

7,656,000 mN

508,000 mE 510,000 mE

506,000 mE 508,000 mE 510,000 mE7,650,000 m

N7,648,000 m

N7,652,000 m

N

504,000 mE 506,000 mE

502,000 mE 504,000 mE7,

650,

000

mN

502,000 mE

7,64

8,00

0 m

N7,

658,

000

mN

7,66

0,00

0 m

N7,

654,

000

mN

7,65

6,00

0 m

N7,

652,

000

mN

M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R N A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R K

M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R N A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R K

LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393ROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREA

LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323Railway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceLGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390

RAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREA

L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310L47/00310HIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHI

L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228L47/00228ROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBEROBE





LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393LGE I123393ROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREAROAD AREA

LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323LGE I195323Railway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceRailway Dampier/Tom PriceLGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390LGE I123390

RAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREARAILWAY AREA








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LEGEND

1:35000 @ A3

SCALE

Figure 2 -Stage One Locality

Plan No: PDE0094910v5Proj: MGA94 Zone50

Drawn: M.SwebbsDate: September, 2012


Proposed Borrow Area

Previously Disturbed Area

RTIO Live Mining Act Tenure

National Park Boundary

Existing Railway

Major RoadRail Access Track

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0.5 0 0.5 1km

RTIO Special Lease

RTIO Pending Mining Act Tenure

Borrow Pit Access


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 9

2.4 Schedule The requirement for borrow from pits located within MCNP will commence in November 2012. 2.5 Proposal description 2.5.1 Site selection Thirty-two (32) borrow pits within MCNP were initially identified by Rio Tinto, in consultation with the DEC,

Millstream Link Alliance and Main Roads WA (MRWA).

During a series of site visits and consultation with DEC (Environmental Management branch and Regional

branch) concerns were discussed regarding weed management and hygiene and potential impacts to

visual amenity as a result of borrow pits within MCNP. DEC raised the notion of developing strategic pits

within MCNP for longer term use in order to alleviate pressure for the ongoing requirements for borrow

material of the rail/road corridor.

Rio Tinto developed a borrow pit selection matrix in order to rank each borrow pit according to its suitability

using the following criteria:

• tenure (current or pending)

• previous disturbance

• location of borrow areas within the existing rail / road infrastructure corridor

• location of weeds as provided by DEC and Rio Tinto

• proximity to public roads and potential for impact on visual amenity

• completed biological surveys

• known heritage sites

• desktop geotechnical investigations and suitability of the potential material.

The outcome of this exercise was the short listing of 24 areas warranting further investigation.

Following this, Rio Tinto initiated consultation with Millstream Alliance and MRWA with regard to eight of

the 24 investigation areas located adjacent to the Karratha Tom Price Road and MCNP. It was determined

that five of the eight investigation areas could not be progressed due to MRWA concerns regarding safety.

In addition, a further seven borrow pits were excluded from further consideration due to unmanageable

impacts to MCNP amenity. This reduced the number of investigation area from 24 down to 12.

In acknowledgement of concerns raised by DEC regarding weed management and hygiene (Section 4),

and using the weed data provided by DEC and Rio Tinto consultants, it was determined that three

investigation areas would not be progressed due to large identified populations of Ruby Dock within their

vicinity. This further reduced the number of investigation areas down to nine. Pit designs were refined to

avoid drainage lines and riparian vegetation. A further investigation area (Borrow Pit [BP] 83.0) was

removed as it was determined, during consultation with Traditional Owners and following completion of

heritage surveys, to be located within a heritage protected area. Following referral of the Proposal and

subsequent consultation with the Conservation Commission, DEC and OEPA, Rio Tinto has also removed

BP 78.7 from the scope of this Proposal due to concerns over impacts to visual amenity. As a result the

Proposal includes a total of seven proposed borrow pits.

Consistent with existing and pending Rio Tinto tenure the seven proposed pits are located in close

proximity to the existing Rio Tinto rail line which, in turn is close to the public Millstream Link

Road/Karratha Tom Price Road. Rio Tinto acknowledges that developing the borrow pits for Stage One

will potentially impact on the visual amenity of the area but believes this area is already highly modified

due to the existing railway line. The area will be further impacted by the construction of the recently

approved rail duplication to Cape Lambert. However, a number of the proposed borrow pits will assist in

re-contouring historic MRWA cuttings which will ultimately improve the amenity and the safety of these


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 10

areas. Rio Tinto further proposes that the borrow pits with a potential negative visual impact will only be

open for a short period of time (two to three years). 2.5.2 Disturbance area The Proposal will involve disturbance of up to 118.18 ha to establish the seven borrow pits, development

of new and widening of existing access tracks, bore pads and lay-down and weed control areas. It should

be noted that 13.15 ha of the 118.18 ha has been previously disturbed. 2.5.3 Geotechnical investigation A preliminary geotechnical investigation has been conducted, for five of the proposed borrow pits, in order

to assess the suitability of the excavated materials for satisfying the borrow requirements within MCNP

(Coffey Geotechnics 2012). Test pits were carried out within BP 74.0, BP 78.2 and BP 81.5 using a

Komatsu WB97R Backhoe equipped with rock bucket and teeth. Laboratory testing of representative soil

types was carried out to determine geochemical parameters. Data for BP 70.0 and BP 81.0 were inferred

from the test pits in nearby borrow areas. The preliminary findings are summarised in Table 2.

Table 2 Geochemical investigation summary

Borrow Pit

General description of material

Refusal Depth Comments

70.0 - 1 m Inferred from nearby pits.

74.0 Sandy Clayey Gravel

1.1-2.2 m Monitoring and testing required to maintain material quality.

Significant quantity of spoil may also be produced.

78.2 Sandy Clayey Gravel overlying basalt

0.5 m No samples were taken from this area due to shallow refusal.

Significant quantity of spoil may also be produced.

81.0 - 0.5 Inferred from nearby pits.

81.5 Sandy Clayey Gravel overlying weathered basalt

0.5 - 3.2 m Significant quantity of spoil may also be produced.

Source: Coffey Geotechnics 2012

The results of the preliminary investigation, combined with the assumption that BP 70.6 and BP 78 could

contribute up to 6.2 ha of additional pit area (based on assuming 50% borrow area usable to a depth of

0.5 m), indicated that an excavation area of 85 ha within the total 118.18 ha proposal area should be

sufficient to source the required borrow material (up to 560,000 m3). These figures are based on selective

excavation using free digging with dozer ripping up to no deeper than 2 m. Rolling trials and testing will be

required to ensure that the material is the required type and complies with the specifications required for

construction purposes. Unsuitable material will be stockpiled for blending, within the borrow pit footprint, to

improve material quality and optimise volumes. Blending with materials from other borrow pits may be

required therefore, material may be transported to other borrow pits for blending.

The refinement of the number and size of the borrow pits throughout the borrow pit selection process, due

to environmental constraints combined with the shallow refusal encountered during the geotechnical

investigation, has led to a reduction in the potential borrow resource. While the preliminary studies

indicate sufficient borrow should be available, in the event that sufficient suitable material cannot be

sourced, processing of material falling outside the specifications for construction purposes may be needed.

This would require an on-site crushing plant to be located within the footprint of the proposed borrow pits,

which would be managed appropriately under Part V of the EP Act. If further resource beyond that

obtained from blending and crushing is required deep ripping would be the preferred method however,

drilling and blasting of the rock may also be required to enable access to more suitable materials. These

activities would be conducted under the existing Construction Environmental Management Plan

established for the rail duplication project (Calibre 2011).


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 11

2.6 Tenure The pits included in the Proposal lie in 90.25 ha of Mining Act 1978 Miscellaneous Licenses L47/228,

L47/47, L47/103 and L47/303 (pending) within the boundary of MCNP with the balance of area within Land

Administration Act 1997 (LAA) leases I123390 (Rail Line), I195323 (Rail Line) and I123393 (Rail Access

Road) excised from MCNP.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 12

3. Environmental impact assessment methodology This section identifies the environmental factors relevant to the Proposal consistent with EPA Principles of

environmental protection and discusses the Proponent's understanding of EPA expectations for

environmental impact assessment of Proposals. 3.1 Key environmental factors The key environmental factors for the Proposal were identified through a process based on EPA

assessment guidelines, issues identified in the stakeholder consultation program and a series of risk

assessment workshops to identify aspects of the Proposal likely to have an environmental impact. The

OEPA management objectives were considered for all factors (EPA 2009b).

The relevant key environmental factors identified during this process and addressed in detail in this EIA

document are:

• flora and vegetation

• terrestrial fauna

• visual amenity

• Aboriginal heritage.

A description of these key environmental factors in relation to the proposal is provided in Sections 6

through 9.

The key environmental factors associated with the Proposal are addressed in this EIA document in the

following format:

• description of the factor

• assessment of potential impact and mitigation

• potential cumulative impacts

• predicted environmental outcomes.

Other relevant environmental factors have been identified as requiring less detailed assessment as they

can be readily managed through standard Rio Tinto operating procedures and adherence to regulations.

Other relevant factors include:

• surface water

• dust

• noise

• greenhouse gas emissions

• hydrocarbons and hazardous waste

• solid and liquid waste management.

A description and assessment of these environmental factors in relation to the Proposal, is provided in

Section10.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 13

3.2 Consistency with environmental principles In 2003, the EP Act was amended to include a core set of Principles that are applied by the EPA in

assessing proposals. These environmental protection principles listed in Section 4a of the EP Act are:

• precautionary principle

• principle of intergenerational equity

• principle of the conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity

• principle relating to improved valuation, pricing and incentive mechanisms

• principle of waste minimisation.

Details on how the Proponent has considered these principles in its design and subsequent

implementation of the Proposal are provided in Table 3.

Table 3 Consistency with Principles of Environmental Protection

Environmental Protection Principle Consideration given in the Proposal Relevant Part

1. The precautionary principle

Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation.

In application of this precautionary principle, decisions should be guided by –

• careful evaluation to avoid, where practicable, serious or irreversible damage to the environment; and

• assessment of the risk-weighted consequences of various options.

Rio Tinto maintains an environmental management system that addresses all of its activities with a potential to affect the environment and is consistent with ISO14001.

The key elements of the EMS include assessing environmental risk arising from environmental aspects with the intention of identifying issues early in the process to enable planning for avoidance and/or mitigation.

Part of this process includes undertaking detailed site investigations of the biological and physical environs. Where these investigations identify significant conservation issues, management measures are incorporated into the proposal design to avoid impact where practicable and/or minimise any potential impacts.

The impacts to the environment were considered during selection of potential borrow pit sites. As a result, the Proposal has been designed to minimise potential impacts to the key environmental values of the local environment.

See detailed assessment of major environmental factors in Sections to Section 9 and other relevant factors in Section 10.

2. The principle of intergenerational equity

The present generation should ensure that the health, diversity and productivity of the environment is maintained and enhanced for the benefit of future generations.

Rio Tinto integrates the principles of sustainable development into all aspects of their operations to contribute to sustainable development in Australia. These principles ensure that the Proponent’s operations deliver more value with less impact, where:

Value = long-term financial outcomes + social outcomes + environmental outcomes

Impact = financial cost + social impact + environmental impact

Integration of these sustainable development principles ensures the environment in which the Proponent operates is maintained and (where possible) enhanced for future generations. This has resulted in the protection of key environmental values (as above) and an extensive management program.

Rehabilitation would provide a significant contribution to the principle of intergenerational equity in terms of minimising any legacy.

See

Appendix 1. for environmental management and rehabilitation.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 14

Environmental Protection Principle Consideration given in the Proposal Relevant Part

3. The principle of conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity

Conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity should be a fundamental consideration.

Conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity is fundamental to the Rio Tinto approach to environmental management and is a major environmental consideration for the proposal.

Biological investigations have been undertaken by the Proponent to identify values of environmental conservation significance required to be protected from disturbance. This Proposal has been designed to minimise potential impacts to the key environmental values of the Proposal locality.

Rio Tinto has committed to rehabilitation of the borrow pits, the aim of which is to establish sustainable endemic vegetation units consistent with reconstructed landforms and surrounding vegetation.

See assessment of factors in Sections 6.3, 7.3,8.3, 8.3 and environmental management and proposed conditions in Section 6.3.4, 7.3.3,8.3.3 and 9.2.3.

Mitigation measures aimed at considering biological diversity and ecological integrity are outlined in Section 6.3 and 7.3.3.

4. The principles relating to improved valuation, pricing and incentive mechanisms

Environmental factors should be included in the valuation of assets and services.

The polluter pays principles – those who generate pollution and waste should bear the cost of containment, avoidance and abatement.

The user of goods and services should pay prices based on the full life cycle costs of providing goods and services, including the use of natural resources and assets and the ultimate disposal of any waste.

Environmental goals, having been established, should be pursued in the most cost effective way, by establishing incentive structure, including market mechanisms, which enable those best placed to maximise benefits and/or minimise costs to develop their own solution and responses to environmental problem

Rio Tinto accepts that the cost of the Stage One Borrow Pit Project must include environmental impact mitigation, monitoring and closure activities. These requirements have been incorporated into the overall project costs.

See Section 2.3 (justification of proposal).

5. The principle of waste minimisation

All reasonable and practicable measures should be taken to minimise the generation of waste and its discharge into the environment.

The Rio Tinto approach to waste management is to, in order of priority:

• avoid and reduce at source

• reuse and recycle

• treat and/or dispose.

Addressed in

Section 10.6.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 15

4. Stakeholder consultation Rio Tinto initially sought approval for developing borrows pits within the MCNP as part of the Cape

Lambert to Emu Siding Rail Duplication project. Key stakeholders were identified through Rio Tinto’s

ongoing experience at Cape Lambert and other projects in the region, as well as through discussion with

the OEPA. This process involved initial consultation regarding the borrow pits with DEC, OEPA,

Conservation Commission, MRWA and the Water Corporation. Identified key stakeholders for this

Proposal include: Government Agencies • Office of the Environmental Protection Authority (OEPA)

• DEC–Pilbara regional office (Karratha) and Perth office (EMB)

• Department of Indigenous Affairs (DIA)

• Department of Water (DoW)–Pilbara regional office and Perth office

• Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP)

• Shire of Roebourne

• Conservation Commission. Non-government Organisations • Conservation Council

• Wildflower Society. Community • Ngarluma members and their community and Yindjibarndi group.

Prior to and following submission of the original Borrow Pit referral, a number of discussions and meetings

have been held with the OEPA, DEC and Conservation Commission (refer Table 4). Stakeholder

consultation, particularly with the DEC, has enabled key concerns to be taken into account during design

of Stage One, determination of management measures and preparation of the referral application and

supporting documents.

Consultation with DEC and OEPA is currently being undertaken, and will be ongoing, to guide the

environmental approval process. Following submission of the Stage One Project proposal Rio Tinto will

proactively continue with the consultation programme with relevant stakeholders, particularly with the

Conservation Council and Wild Flower Society. A formal communication protocol has been set up

between Rio Tinto and DEC for activities associated with works to be conducted within the MCNP for the

purpose of the Proposal. This protocol includes:

• prior to works commencing in MCNP a monthly update including proposed works and timing will

be forwarded to the Park Rangers.

• informing DEC regional manager of itinerary and program of works at least 5 days in advance of

works

• production of an Annual Weed Management Report

• forward short reports of works to date to the park ranger on a monthly basis

• report clearing against ministerial statement 880 and associated residual impact package and Rio

Tinto’s Annual Environmental Report for Railways Division

• report incidents to the Senior and Park Ranger specific incidents including fires, chemical and

hydrocarbon spills, accidents causing fauna injuries, negative interactions with MCNP users and

public or major road closures as a result of the proposal.

• facilitate inspection of works on-site by Park Ranger or DEC staff

• complete a close out inspection 21 days within completion of the project giving the opportunity for

DEC staff to attend.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 16

Table 4 Topics discussed during consultation with key stakeholders

Date Stakeholder Purpose/issue Response

24 January 2011

Conservation Commission

Presentation of the Cape Lambert to Emu Rail Duplication Project to the Commission, as the southern 10km fall within the MCNP boundary. Borrow pits within MCNP were proposed as part of the rail duplication project.

The Commission requested for a detailed Borrow Pit Strategy paper to be submitted with the relevant EIA documentation.

Subsequent to this meeting the rail duplication proposal was amended to exclude sourcing borrow from the MCNP.

2 May 2012 A site visit of the 8 proposed borrow pits (Stage 1) within MCNP was held on the 2nd May 2012 with three Commission members, 2 OEPA members and 7 DEC/Park Rangers.

The Commission discussed concerns on visual amenity (78.7 and 81.5), legacy issues from poor rehabilitation and concerns regarding weed hygiene within MCNP.

14 May 2012 Presentation of the proposed Borrow Pit Project (Stage 1 in detail and Stage 2 at concept level) to the Conservation Commission Board.

Commission were satisfied with the presentation and will document their resolution for ratification in June 2012.

13 June 2012 Response following information provided by the Environmental Management Branch (Department of Environment and Conservation) on the Rio Tinto Iron Ore Strategic Borrow Pit Proposals within Millstream Chichester National Park and Karijini National Park.

The commission expressed the in-principle position that proposals for the extraction of basic raw materials from within the national parks are not supported for infrastructure that is not associated with park management. In particular, the Commission noted the following:

• the capacity to expand the Millstream Chichester National Park elsewhere is highly constrained

• the matter is of significant public interest, being located in one of the State’s premier national parks and therefore the proponent should be required to demonstrate that the option of sourcing material from the park (especially east of the main road) is, on balance, the best environmental outcome.

Q1 2011 DEC DEC raised concern regarding the proximity of the proposed borrow pits to the Millstream Link public road (Karratha Tom Price Road) and potential impact to visual amenity of MCNP.

The number of the proposed pits for the Proposal has been significantly reduced with most of the borrow pits located within the rail–road infrastructure corridor, which is considered to be already highly modified due to existing infrastructure.

Rio Tinto proposes that developing borrow pits in previous MRWA cuttings areas will allow for re-contouring of the areas which will result in safety improvements and improve the amenity of the area.

Q1 2011 Spread of weeds is a concern; native seed production would be encouraged.

Weeds identified by Rio Tinto and DEC have been recorded and the BPMP will address weed management specific to individual borrow pits.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 17


20 September 2011

Provision of adequate information. Rio Tinto has consulted with DEC on various occasions, undertaken numerous field visits with DEC and presented proposal information. Rio Tinto will continue to involve DEC and national park rangers in all site visits and compilation of project information.

Rio Tinto has conducted a site visit on the 20th September 2011 with DEC EMB and Regional Branch and the National Park Rangers. Adequate Project information was presented to DEC prior to this field visit and their comments have been used to finalise this referral supporting document.

Rio Tinto commissioned Ecoscape to undertake visual impact assessments of the Stage Once Borrow Pits and this information is provided as part of the environmental assessment process.

19 March 2012

Offset Package for works in National Parks. Rio Tinto is committed to early engagement with OEPA and DEC to discuss a suitable offset package for the Proposal.

Rio Tinto met with DEC on the 19 March 2012 and potential offsets for the work within the MCNP were discussed. It was agreed that offsets for the Proposal would be for temporary. Offsets would be in the form of management of threatening processes in line with Rio Tinto’s Net Positive Impact Policy.

4 January 2012

OEPA To discuss the strategic approach and referral of the Proposal. Rio Tinto met with OEPA regarding feedback from OEPA and DEC. A concern regarding the lack of definition of Stage Two prompted Rio Tinto to request the staging of the project to enable further assessment and definition of Stage Two. The original referral was subsequently amended to include Stage One only.

19 July 2012 To discuss approval process going forward. OEPA requested the proposal to be amended to include Stage One only with additional information for justification of the Proposal and other options considered. The OEPA also expressed that the DEC were still concerned about the western borrow pits (78.7 and 81.5) and that the EIA document should provide information on a proposed offset package.

28 August 2012

To discuss the offset required for residual impact to MCNP Draft package agreed and provided to DEC for their support.

Water Corporation Water supply for works within MCNP. Rio Tinto and the Water Corporation have entered into a commercial agreement to access water, based on projected demands.

Q2 2011 Millstream Link Alliance

Liaison to determine suitable borrow locations. To widen a number of existing road cuttings previously constructed by the Millstream Link Alliance as a source of fill for the rail embankment works.

MRWA raised concerns that machinery and equipment widening the cuttings would have an impact on traffic flow and safety along the Millstream Link Road (Karratha Tom Price Road).

Construction barriers will be installed to maintain a safe working distance to the road a specific management plan for each site would be developed to manage the traffic interface with the public.

Widening of cuttings to occur only if it is physically safe and logistically possible.

Where haulage was required along the Millstream Link Road (Karratha Tom Price Road), access onto the road will occur at points where appropriate sight distance in both directions is maintained.

Rio Tinto will continue consultation with the Alliance/MRWA and address the topics raised.

Q4 2011 Traditional Owner groups

Evaluation of the heritage status of Proposal area determined proposed pit 83.0 is located in a heritage protected area.

Pit 83.0 was removed from the Proposal as a potential borrow resource. Rio Tinto will not disturb this heritage site and will provide this information to the Department of Indigenous Affairs (DIA).


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 18


26 July 2012 Conservation Council

Comment on API requested Email was not read and no comment has been received.

26 July 2012 Wildflower Society Comment on API requested Response indicated Proposal was mining in a National Park. Rio Tinto acknowledged this and provided justification that the location of borrow pits in close proximity to the works reduced excessive haulage requirement and associated potential safety implications particularly within MCNP.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 19

5. Regional environment and social setting 5.1 Physical environment 5.1.1 Climate The Pilbara region has an arid tropical climate with two distinct seasons. The region experiences very low

rainfall, high evaporation and high daytime temperatures.

Climate data are available from the Bureau of Meteorology Station at Roebourne approximately 48 km to

the North of the Proposal location. Temperature data have been collected at this site since 1957. The

summer months extend from November to April, with average monthly temperatures ranging from 22–

39 ºC. Winter months extend from May to October, with average monthly temperatures ranging from 13–

36 ºC (BoM 2011; Figure 3).

The average annual rainfall for Roebourne since 1887 is approximately 300 mm but is erratic from year to

year. The highest annual rainfall recorded as high is 1060 mm in the year 1900 and a low of 3.4 mm in

1891. Average monthly rainfall ranges from almost zero from September to November, to around 66 mm

in February and March (BoM 2011; Figure 4). Intense rainfall events occur occasionally as a result of

cyclonic activity, usually during the months of January to March. Cyclones can result in more than 100 mm

of rain falling within a 24 hour period. These intense rainfall events can cause sheet flooding, recharging

of local superficial aquifers and extensive mechanical erosion.

Average annual evaporation in the vicinity of Roebourne is over 3200 mm, greatly exceeding the average

annual rainfall and contributing to the arid environment of the region (BoM 2011).

Source: Bureau of Meteorology (2011)

Figure 3 Mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures for Roebourne

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Te

mp

era

ture

(o

C)

Month

Mean Maximum Temperature

Mean Minimum Temperature


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 20

Source: Bureau of Meteorology (2011)

Figure 4 Monthly rainfall data showing rainfall and number of rain days for Roebourne 5.1.2 Geology The Proposal is located in the Hamersley basin which is comprised of three component groups, the

Fortescue group, Hamersley group and the Wyloo group.

The Hamersley basin has been subject to vigorous volcanic activity in the early development of the basin,

particularly during the deposition of the Fortescue group, which is the lowest of the three component

groups. During deposition of the succeeding Hamersley group, sporadic volcanicity continued, the most

distinctive feature of the basin at the time where its relative stability and quiet accumulation of immense

quantities of iron and silica rich precipitate which, after substantial diagenetic modification, became the

present iron formations. The third and final phase of the basin’s history was the development of a deep

marginal furrow in the south western sector in which the uppermost sedimentary group Wyloo was laid

down (GSoWA 1975).

The following geological units occur in the Proposal Area based on mapping in Figure 5 These minerals

include Ag, Fc, Fcl, Fk, Pdc, Qb, Qg, Qk, Ql, Qpl, Qr. The north of the Proposal area is characterised by a

variety of minerals; Qr, Qk, Qg, Fcl and Ql and the south of the area is characterised by Fcl.

0

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7,6

58,0

00 m

N7,6

60,0

00 m

N7,6

54,0

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N7,6

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00 m

N

508,000 mE 510,000 mE

506,000 mE 508,000 mE 510,000 mE

7,6

50,0

00 m

N7,6

48,0

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N7,6

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N

504,000 mE 506,000 mE

502,000 mE 504,000 mE7,6

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00 m

N

502,000 mE

7,6

48,0

00 m

N7,6

58,0

00 m

N7,6

60,0

00 m

N7,6

54,0

00 m

N7,6

56,0

00 m

N7,6

52,0

00 m

N

QrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQr

AgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAg

FkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFk

PdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdc

FclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFclFcl


QlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQlQl

QplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQpl

QgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQg



FcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFcFc




M I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E RM I L L S T R E A M - C H I C H E S T E R

N A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R KN A T I O N A L P A R K



QrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQrQr

AgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAgAg

FkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFkFk

PdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdcPdc




QplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQplQpl











QkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQkQk

71km

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LEGEND

1:35000 @ A3

SCALE

Figure 5 -

Stage One Geology


Drawn: A.EveDate: July, 2012



National Park

Existing Railway

Major Road

Rail Access Track


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70707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070

70.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.6

74747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474

78787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878

78.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.2

81818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181

81.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.5

0.5 0 0.5 1km

250K Geology Legend

Ag

Fc

Fcl

Fk

Pdc

Qb

Qg

Qk

Ql

Qpl

Qr


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 22

5.1.3 Topography and landforms The landscape of the Pilbara is variable and shaped by the structure of the underlying geology and

imposed weathering processes. The Pilbara landscape is described by Van Vreeswyk et al. (2004) as

exhibiting moderately high relief with a number of ranges, river valleys and peneplains which, in the north,

fall away to form a gently sloping coastal plain. The rangelands are mostly rugged with prominent strike

ridges and hills of outcropping rock separating deep valleys in which thick sequences of infill have locally

accumulated. The Hamersley Range is the highest range in the State with Mt Meharry reaching a height

of 1249 mAHD (Van Vreeswyk et al. 2004).

Van Vreeswyk et al. (2004) states that the topography of more than a third of the Pilbara consists of

rugged hills, ranges and plateaus occurring mostly in central and southern parts. The central and central

east area consists of extensive gently undulating granitic plains, to fields, drainage tracts and occasional

low greenstone hill tracts (Van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). In the far north-east and south-east, hills and mesas

give way to broad sand plains and aeolian dune fields. In the west, low ranges give way towards the coast

to gently sloping peneplains, level sandy plains and alluvial plains. The length of the Pilbara coastal strip

includes bare mudflats, coastal dunes, sandy plains and broad deltaic deposits associated with the mouths

of major rivers (Van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). 5.1.4 Regional hydrogeology Groundwater in the Pilbara region occurs in various hydrogeological environments, ranging from surficial

and sedimentary aquifers with intergranular porosity, to weathered and fractured aquifers (Van Vreeswyk

et al. 2004).

There are variable supplies of groundwater available throughout the region, with very low yields available

from fractured rock zones to high yields (> 2000 m3/d) being available from major aquifers such as the

Marra Mamba Formation. Groundwater is generally fresh to brackish, except away from the main rivers on

the coastal plain where brackish to saline groundwater occurs. 5.1.5 Regional hydrology Several major river catchments occur in the Pilbara area, including the De Grey, Turner and Yule in the

north and the Fortescue and Robe in the west. The two major river systems are the Fortescue and the

De Grey Rivers. All rivers are seasonal and only flow after heavy rain, generally in a north west direction

to the Indian Ocean (Van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). Pools and springs are often present in the riverbeds after

the rivers cease to flow. The rivers mostly flow through single well-defined channels, but the channels

often become poorly defined in a network of braided tidal creeks and salt flats at the coast (van Vreeswyk

et al. 2004).

Rivers in the Pilbara region are ephemeral and flow only occasionally. They are dry most of the year,

except for chains of pools in larger rivers that may last for several months. In some cases the pools are

due to the occurrence of springs along the river courses. After heavy rains the rivers flood and often

overflow their banks and inundate the coastal plain (Ruprecht & Ivanescu 2000).

The Proposal falls within the Harding River Catchment. The Harding River is formed by the junction of

three main tributaries: Western Creek; Harding River; and Harding River East. These flow roughly parallel

to each other and have their confluence about 12 km upstream of the Harding Dam. A fourth stream

formed by the junction of Fish Creek and Springs Creek, drains the easternmost part of the catchment and

flows into the Harding River 3 km upstream of Harding Dam. While the streams in the north and west tend

to have well defined courses, streams in the lower reaches of the catchment are wide and braided, often

with many parallel and interlinked branches (Ruprecht & Ivanescu 2000). Catchments in the Proposal

area are illustrated in Figure 6.

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LEGEND

1:100,000 @ A3

SCALE

Figure 6 -

Stage One Hydrology


Drawn: A.EveDate: May, 2012



National Park

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PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 24

5.2 Land use The Proposal area overlaps MCNP, the rail corridor traversing MCNP and the Karratha Tom Price Road

buffer. The land use category for MCNP is nature conservation while the rail corridor and road buffer are

categorised as transport and communication. 5.3 Socio-economic environment 5.3.1 Local government MCNP lies entirely within the Shire of Ashburton, previously known as the Shire of West Pilbara. The

Shire of Ashburton covers an area of 105,647 km2 including the main towns of Onslow, Pannawonica,

Paraburdoo, Tom Price and Wittenoom. 5.3.2 Population and communities The Shire of Ashburton has a population of approximately 6,000 residents whom live in either one of the

four main towns or the indigenous communities of Bellary, Wakathuni, Youngalina, Ngurawaana, Bindi

Bindi and Peedamulla (SoA 2011). 5.3.3 Economic setting Iron ore mining, oil and gas, pastoral activities, fishing, salt processing and tourism are the industries

contributing to the economy in the Shire of Ashburton.

Tourism activities that can be explored in the Shire of Ashburton includes walking, fishing, camping and

exploring natural attractions within MCNP and Karijini National Park as well as Rio Tinto mine site tours. 5.3.4 Heritage The Millstream Chichester area is considered of significant indigenous cultural and mythological

importance stemming from thousands of years of occupation. The Ngarluma and Yindjibarndi people both

have tribal country within MCNP and within the Proposal area. All indigenous cultural sites within MCNP

are protected, whether they have been recorded or not and disturbance will require Ministerial consent

(DEC 2011a).


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 25

5.4 Biological environment 5.4.1 IBRA Bioregions The IBRA (Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia) bioregions are defined as large land areas

characterised by broad, landscape-scale natural features and environmental processes that influence the

functions of entire ecosystems. Their purpose is to capture the large-scale geophysical patterns that occur

across the Australian continent (Thackway & Cresswell 1995). These patterns influence fauna

assemblages at a broad scale.

The Proposal area is situated in the Pilbara bioregion and within the Chichester sub-bioregion (PIL 1). The

Chichester sub-bioregion comprises undulating Achaean granite and basalt plains with significant areas of

basaltic ranges (Kendrick 2001). 5.4.2 Vegetation and flora The Proposal is located in the Eremaean Botanical District of Western Australia within the Fortescue

Botanical district (Beard 1980). Two vegetation units mapped according to Beard (1975) have been

identified (Biota 2011a). The vegetation associations are detailed in Table 5 and illustrated in Figure 7.

Table 5 Vegetation associations

Vegetation Association

Vegetation descriptions

Chichester Plateau 587

Snappy gum (Eucalyptus leucophloia) scattered low trees over Triodia wiseana hummock grasslands in a mosaic with Acacia pyrifolia scattered shrubs over Triodia pungens hummock grasslands.

Abydos Plain-Chichester 93

Ranji Bush (Acacia pyrifolia) scattered shrubs over Triodia pungens hummock grasslands. 5.4.3 Land systems

Land systems as described by Van Vreeswyk et al. (2004) are areas with a recurring pattern of

topography, soils and vegetation. These recurring patterns are visible from aerial photography and other

remotely sensed images (Van Vreeswyk et al. 2004).

The Stage One borrow pits fall within three different land systems, the Rocklea, the River and the

Capricorn land systems (Biota 2011a). These land systems are illustrated in Figure 8.

The Rocklea land system is the most widespread throughout the borrow pit area and is characterised by

Basalt hills, plateaux, lower slopes and minor stony plain supporting hard spinifex (and occasionally soft

spinifex) grasslands.

The River land system is found near active floodplains and major rivers supporting grassy eucalypt

woodlands, tussock grasslands and soft spinifex grasslands. The north of the Proposal area has a creek

system which falls within this land system, it is also highly susceptible to erosion, especially if vegetation is

removed from the area.

The Capricorn land system is located to the west of the Proposal area and is shaped by hills and ridges of

sandstone and dolomite supporting shrubby hard and soft spinifex grasslands. The stoniness of this land

system makes the area less susceptible to erosion.

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Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester

National ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational Park

ABYDOS PLAIN - CHICHESTER

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LEGEND

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SCALE

Figure 7

Stage One

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National Park

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81818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181

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Figure 8 -

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PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 28

6. Flora and vegetation 6.1 Studies undertaken Vegetation and flora surveys encompassing the Proposal area and surrounds have been undertaken by

between 2008 and 2012. The purpose of the surveys was to identify the vegetation and flora of the area;

to record the presence of DRF, Priority Flora and vegetation of high conservation significance; and to

provide regional/local context. In addition the presence of weeds was identified. The studies relevant to

the Proposal area include the following:

• Biota 2008a, A Vegetation and Flora Survey of the Rio Tinto Rail Duplication Project–Cape

Lambert to Emu Siding, prepared for Rio Tinto, Biota Environmental Sciences, Leederville.

• Rio Tinto 2010, Botanical Survey of proposed Borrow Pit Areas at Chainage 81.5 km and 83 km

on the Dampier to Mt Tom Price Rail Line, Rio Tinto Pty Ltd, Perth.

• Biota 2011a, Draft report Millstream Rail Corridor Targeted Weed Survey – 69 km to 82 km, Biota

Environmental Sciences, Leederville.

• Biota 2011b, Millstream proposed Borrow Pits: Flora and Vegetation Report, Biota Environmental

Sciences, Leederville.

• Astron 2011, Draft report Cape Lambert to Emu Siding – Baseline Weed Survey September –

October 2011, Astron Environmental Services, Perth.

• Astron 2012, Borrow Pit Project Stage 1 Weed Mapping Survey April 2012, Astron Environmental

Services, Perth.

These study reports including details on their methodologies are provided in Appendix 2. 6.2 Description of factor 6.2.1 Vegetation The regional vegetation and land systems are described in Section 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 respectively. Vegetation communities The vegetation communities in each borrow pit area were mapped by Biota (2008a). The findings are

illustrated in summary in Figure 9. Mapping of the individual borrow pits is included in the individual pit

management plans in Appendix 1. A description of the vegetation communities identified and vegetation

condition for individual borrow pits is summarised in Table 6.

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Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester Millstream-Chichester

National ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational ParkNational Park


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AcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEcAcDIsEHsTwCEc




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ChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTwChAbTw

GwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTeGwGpAtCpHcIrTwTe




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LEGEND

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SCALE

Figure 9 -

Stage One

Vegetation Mapping





National Park

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70707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070707070

70.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.670.6

74747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474747474

78787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878787878

78.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.2

81818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181

81.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.5

0.5 0 0.5 1km


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 30

Table 6 Vegetation communities within the Stage One borrow pit areas

Borrow Pit

Vegetation community code

Description ha

70

ChApyAbTwTe

Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees over Acacia pyrifolia scattered tall shrubs over A. bivenosa open shrubland over Triodia wiseana, T. epactia hummock grassland. This vegetation community is predominantly associated with the Boolgeeda, Ruth, Rocklea and Capricorn land system (Biota 2008a). 32.52

EvApyTwTeCE

Eucalyptus victrix scattered low trees over Acacia pyrifolia tall open scrub to tall open shrubland over Triodia wiseana, T. epactia hummock

grassland and *Cenchrus ciliaris1

, *C. setiger open tussock grassland. This vegetation community occurs over the floodplains surrounding the Harding River as well as occasional tributaries leading from it scattered across various land systems (Biota 2008a). 0.21

EvMg Eucalyptus victrix low open woodland over Melaleuca glomerata tall shrubland. 0.53

Disturbed Vegetation that has previously been disturbed, mostly cleared of native vegetation. 3.48

70.6

ChApyAbTwTe

Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees over Acacia pyrifolia scattered tall shrubs over A. bivenosa open shrubland over Triodia wiseana, T. epactia hummock grassland. This vegetation community is predominantly associated with the Boolgeeda, Ruth, Rocklea and Capricorn land system. 2.62


74

ChApyAbTwTe



78

ChApyAbTwTe


EvAtrTeCEc

Eucalyptus victrix low open woodland over Acacia trachycarpa tall open shrubland over Triodia epactia open hummock grassland and *Cenchrus ciliaris tussock grassland. This community occurs over a variety of land systems including Rocklea, Capricorn and Boolgeeda. 0.05


78.2

ChApyAbTwTe


EvAtrTeCEc

Eucalyptus victrix low open woodland over Acacia trachycarpa tall open shrubland over Triodia epactia open hummock grassland and *Cenchrus ciliaris tussock grassland. This community occurs over a variety of land systems including Rocklea, Capricorn and Boolgeeda. 0.08

81

ChApyAbTwTe


1

*denotes weed species


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 31

Borrow Pit

Vegetation community code

Description ha


81.5

ChApyAbTw

Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees over Acacia pyrifolia, Acacia bivenosa scattered shrubs over Triodia wiseana hummock grassland. Occurred on rolling basalt hills of the Rocklea land system and was the dominant vegetation type of this Proposed borrow pit. Vegetation is in excellent condition (Rio Tinto 2010). 41.96

MgTICEEaCV

Melaleuca glomerata shrubland over Triodia longiceps scattered hummock grasses over Cenchrus ciliaris, Eulalia aurea tussock grassland and Cyperus vaginatus very open sedges. Occurs downstream of vegetation unit AtrTwCEEt. The vegetation condition was assessed as good. 0.29

AtrTwCEEt

Acacia trachycarpa shrubland over Triodia wiseana open hummock grassland over Cenchrus ciliaris, Eriachne tenuiculmis open tussock grassland with Cyperus vaginatus scattered sedges and Stemodia grossa very open herbs. Occupied minor flow lines draining the rocky basalt hills, recent fires in some sections of the creek showed floristic variability. Grazing by cattle was evident in this vegetation unit where there were large sections of tussock grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Vegetation condition was assessed as being in good condition. 0.85

AmGwTw

Acacia maitlandii, Grevillea wickhamii high shrubland over Triodia wiseana hummock grassland. This was recorded from a rocky minor flow line draining in the northern part. There was no sign of disturbance of the vegetation unit, and hence vegetation was assessed as being in excellent condition (Rio Tinto 2010). 0.4

AbTITw

Acacia bivenosa open shrubland over Triodia longiceps, Triodia wiseana hummock grassland. This was recorded on lower slopes and flat terraces located next to minor flow lines. These areas typically had a stony mantle and slightly heavier, calcrete-influenced soils relative to adjacent flow lines and rocky hill slopes (Rio Tinto 2010). 2.05

HD Heavily disturbed. 2.71

Data source:-Biota 2008a Rio Tinto 2010 Conservation significant vegetation No TECs were recorded during the field surveys in the Proposal area (Biota 2008a and 2011b).

Furthermore there were no previous records of TECs in the Proposal area in Naturemap database (DEC

2012 Appendix 2) or the EPBC protected matter report (DSEWPAC 2012a Appendix 2). Furthermore

consistent, with these findings, it is reported in the MCNP management plan that there are no known TECs

within MCNP (DEC 2011a).

No listed PECs were recorded in the proposal area during surveys (Biota 2008a and 2011b, Rio Tinto

2010) or from database searches (DEC 2010, DEC 2012).

Four vegetation types (MgTICEEaCv[Rio Tinto 2010],EvMg, EvApyTwTeCE and EvAtrTeCEc [Biota

2008a]), that are mainly associated with the Harding River channels and tributaries, are considered to be

less widely represented and of high conservation significance. While pit shapes have been refined in order

to avoid vegetation associated with drainage lines as far as practicable some Harding river associated

vegetation remains within the pit boundaries. Harding River associated vegetation within the pit areas

includes 0.29 ha MgTICEEaCv lies within proposed BP 81.5, 0.21 ha of EvApyTwTeCE and 0.53 ha of

EvMg lies within proposed BP 70.0 and 0.05 ha and 0.08 ha of EvAtrTeCEc within BP 78 and BP 78.2

respectively.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 32

Vegetation condition Vegetation condition has been rated according to rating scale of Trudgen (1988). The vegetation condition

of rail corridor (Cape Lambert to Emu Siding) encompassing the borrow pit areas was broadly described

by Biota (2008a) as excellent to very good for areas of stony hills and plains, good to poor for creeklines

infested with *Cenchrus species and poor to completely degraded for disturbed areas.

More specifically the condition of vegetation for a quadrat taken close to the northernmost proposed

borrow pit (BP 70) was rated as very good to excellent with no sign of any recent fires in the area (Biota

2008a).

The condition of the vegetation in the southernmost proposed borrow pit (BP 81.5) was ranked as good to

excellent with condition closely linked to the landscape position and historic land-use (Rio Tinto 2010).

The BP 81.5 area is characterised by rolling basalt hills and low lying areas associated with banks of minor

flow lines which show evidence of moderate use by cattle and weed invasion. The majority of the

vegetation associated with the rolling basalt hills was considered to be in excellent or very good condition

with weeds typically restricted to areas of historic clearing. 6.2.2 Flora Four hundred and thirty five native plant taxa have been recorded within the park, representing 70 families

and 173 genera, while 1730 plant species have been described for the Pilbara region (DEC 2011a).

A survey of the proposed BP 81.5 and BP 83 (BP 83 has since been excluded from the current Proposal)

at the southern end of the Proposal area following dry condition records a total of 94 native vascular plant

taxa (Rio Tinto 2010). The species of flora indentified are commonly found on rocky slopes and hills of the

Chichester Ranges in the wider Pilbara region. It was concluded by Rio Tinto likely that additional flora

species would have been identified in the 2010 flora survey if this had been undertaken earlier in the year

following decent rains (Rio Tinto 2010).

A further survey of BP 81.5 and BP 83 was conducted in 2011 and 137 native species reported (Biota

2011b). The species richness in the area was not considered to be high (Rio Tinto 2010, Biota 2011b).

This is consistent with the selection process for the borrow pits targeting sites where minimal impact on

biodiversity values as a consequence of disturbance would occur (Rio Tinto 2012). The sites of the other

borrow pits included in the proposal underwent selection using the same criteria thus minimising impact to

areas of high biodiversity. Conservation significant flora Only two species of DRF are currently listed on Florabase for the Pilbara region (Thryptomene wittweri and

Lepidium catapycnon), but these species are not expected to occur within the Proposal Area due to lack

of suitable habitat and their known distribution (Biota 2008a and 2011). Furthermore no threatened

species were expected to occur within the Proposal area from searches of available databases and field

surveys (DEC 2012, SEWPAC 2012a, Biota 2008a, 2011b and Rio Tinto 2010).

A search of the DEC/WA Herbarium database and Rio Tinto Iron Ore’s GIS database identified 17 priority

flora species that could inhabit the Proposal area (refer to Table 7). However, none of these priority flora

species were recorded in the area during field surveys (Rio Tinto 2010 and Biota 2008a, 2011b).

Furthermore, a search of the Naturemap database with a 10 km radius of the Proposal Area did not

identify any Priority Flora recorded in the area (DEC 2012).

The exception to this was Priority 4 species Rhynchosia bungarensis for which it was determined from

DEC, WA Herbarium and Naturemap searches that one occurrence of this species has been recorded in

creek line habitat within MCNP (Biota 2011b). Rhynchosia bungarensis has a broad distribution across the

Pilbara and has been recorded in a range of habitats but most typically in association with creek lines or

rocky habitats. The borrow pit areas have been selected to avoid creek line habitat and therefore it is

considered that the species is unlikely to occur within the Proposal Area.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 33

Table 7 Conservation significant flora potentially occurring within the area

Species Conservation Significance

Habitat and likelihood of occurrence

Senna sp. Millstream

Priority 1 This species has been recorded south of the Fortescue River within MCNP and this appears to be the only known location for this species. This species is not expected to occur within the study area due to its scarcity.

Cladium procerum Priority 2 Preferred habitat is near running water and on the edge of permanent pools associated with the Fortescue River. The borrow pits have been designed to avoid watercourses and drainage lines therefore it is considered this species is unlikely to inhabit the Proposal area.

Paspalidium retiglume

Priority 2 Clay habitat is the preferred habitat and due to the absence of this from the Proposal area, it is not expected that this will occur in the area.

Trianthema sp. Python Pool

Priority 2 This has been recorded in clayey habitats within the Chichester ranges. Due to the absence of preferred habitat, this species is not expected to occur within the Proposal area.

Eriochloa fatmensis

Priority 3 This species has previously been recorded in the Harding River. The Proposal area does not contain any habitats associated with major watercourses and therefore is not expected to occur.

Fimbristylis sieberiana

Priority 3 This species has only been recorded three times within a 30km vicinity of the Proposal area. The Proposal area does not appear to contain suitable habitat for this species and given the lack of records for this species, it is not expected to occur within the Proposal area.

Eragrostis crateriformis

Priority 3 Clay-loam and clay on creek banks and depressions is preferred habitat, as this was absent from the Proposal area, it is not expected to occur.

Owenia acidula Priority 3 It is found on floodplains and cracking clays. It was previously recorded south of the Fortescue river. This species is not expected to occur in the Proposal area due to the absence of preferred habitat.

Phyllanthus aridus Priority 3 This species has a broad distribution from the central Pilbara through the Kimberley and is associated with sandstone or red sand and is therefore considered unlikely to occur in current study area.

Themeda sp. Hamersley Station

Priority 3 The preferred habitat is gilgai cracking clay and cracking clay areas. As this habitat is absent from the Proposal area, it is not expected to occur.

Oldenlandia sp. Hamersley Station

Priority 3 This species prefers Cracking clay on basalt, the absence of cracking clays in the Proposal area indicates that it is not expected to occur.

Phragmites karka Priority 3 Has previously been recorded along the banks of permanent pools on the Fortescue River (Rio Tinto 2010); suitable habitat does not occur within the Proposal area.

Swainsona sp. Hamersley Station

Priority 3 This species inhabits gilgai cracking clay flats and therefore would not be expected to occur within the area.

Terminalia supranitifolia

Priority 3 This species is associated with basalt rock piles; this habitat does not occur in the Proposal area and is therefore not expected to occur in the area.

Vigna sp. rockpiles

Priority 3 This species prefers rock pile terrain and plateaus above rock piles around the Harding dam vicinity. The Proposal does not contain suitable habitat and therefore is not expected to occur in the area.

Rhynchosia bungarensis

Priority 4 The species has been recorded amongst boulders and on creek lines within the Chichester subregion and suitable habitat may exist within the study area. Records of this species are widespread across the western Pilbara, the proposed development would be unlikely to impact the regional representation of this species should it occur within the study area.

Livistona alfredii Priority 4 This species is restricted to the edges of permanent water pools and has been recorded south of the Proposal area (Rio Tinto 2010). However the immediate Proposal area does not provide suitable habitat for this species.

Data source:-Rio Tinto 2010, Biota 2011b


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 34

6.2.3 Weeds Seventeen weed species from nine families were identified in and around the Proposal area during weed

surveys of the rail corridor in 2011 (Biota 2011a, Astron 2011). Locations of weeds are illustrated in

Figure 10. Mapping of weed species for each individual stage one borrow pit and surrounds is included in

the Borrow Pit Management Plan in Appendix 1. The recommended management priority, habitat and

presence within the borrow pit foot print for each identified weed species is detailed in Table 8. The

management priority was assigned based on the weed rating for local significance in MCNP (DEC 2011a).

Species not listed in the MCNP Management Plan have been rated using the IPPP weed rating (DEC

2011a, 2011b). Weeds are largely associated with drainage areas, creek lines and previously disturbed

areas. The majority of the weed species recorded are widely spread throughout the Pilbara region with

only three being infrequently recorded, (*Sonchus oleraceus, *Citrullus lanatus and *Melochia pyramidata)

(Biota 2011a).

No weeds declared under the Agriculture and Related Resources Protection Act 1976 or deemed Weeds

of National Significance were reported.

Seven species identified during the surveys were not specifically located within the proposed disturbance

areas but occurred in the vicinity of the proposed borrow pits and therefore may have the potential to exist

within the disturbance footprint. In addition to these seven species *Acetosa vesicaria (Ruby dock) has

also been recorded by the DEC and is thus included in Table 8. Ruby Dock is a common annual weed

with high recommended management priority that has established populations within MCNP (DEC 2011a).

DEC provided weed mapping data for Ruby Dock, which infests the area along the Pilbara Iron access

road and existing railway in the vicinity of the Proposal. This data has been included in the weed maps

presented in the Borrow Pit Management Plan (Appendix 1).

Weed mapping of the Proposal Area was conducted in April 2012 with preliminary results recently

becoming available (Astron 2012). During the weed mapping field surveys the borrow pit areas were

divided into a 50 m by 50 m survey grid. Within each grid cell a weed mapping point was surveyed

comprising an area of 5 m by 5 m representing the densest occurrence of each weed species present.

This methodology has been endorsed by the DEC and Rio Tinto is utilising this method across all

operational sites. The results from the weed mapping are included in Table 8. The percentage weed

presence for each borrow pit and a summary description of the weeds recorded during the weed mapping

is presented in Table 9. Importantly the pit shapes have been refined since Astron conducted the field

survey. In particular BP 81.5 has been refined by removing the drainage lines from the pit areas. The

weeds associated with these drainage lines are therefore also now excluded from the disturbance areas

thus it is estimated that BP 81.5 is predominantly weed free.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 35

Table 8 Summary of the management priority recommendations for the weed species identified

in the Proposal area

Management priority recommendation

Weed species (common name) Main habitats occupied Borrow Pit

High

*Acetosa vesicaria (Ruby dock) Rocky/sandy areas, rail embankment, drainage areas adjacent to the rail

Not identified within proposed borrow pits

*Aerva javanica (Kapok bush) Sandy soils, rail embankments, road/track verges, disturbed areas

70, 70.6, 74, 78, 78.2, 81, 81.5.

*Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass)

Rail embankment, road/track verges, creeklines and drainage areas, disturbed areas

70, 70.6, 74, 78, 78.2, 81, 81.5.

*Cenchrus setiger (Birdwood grass)

Road/track verges, creeklines, disturbed areas; often found growing amongst C. ciliaris

70, 70.6, 74.0, 78, 78.2, 81.5.

Moderate

*Cynodon dactylon (Couch grass)

Drainage areas Not identified within proposed borrow pits

*Malvastrum americanum (Spiked malvastrum)

Disturbed areas 70.6 .

*Sonchus oleraceus (Common sowthistle)

Roadside vegetation Not identified within proposed borrow pits

Mild

*Echinochloa colona (Awnless barnyard grass)

Wet depressions, creeklines Not identified within proposed borrow pits

*Melochia pyramidata (Pyramid flower)

Creeklines Not identified within proposed borrow pits

*Passiflora foetida (Stinking passion flower)

Wet depressions, creeklines Not identified within proposed borrow pits

Low

*Citrullus colocynthis (Colocynth)

Wet depressions, creeklines, disturbed areas

70, 74, 81.

*Citrullus lanatus (Pie melon) Wet depressions, disturbed areas

81.

*Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis (Ulcardo melon)

Wet depressions, disturbed areas

70, 81, 81.5.

*Flaveria trinervia (Speedy weed)

Wet depressions, creeklines, disturbed areas

Not identified within proposed borrow pits

*Portulaca oleracea (Pursulane) Disturbed/bare areas, road/track verges

70.0, 78, 74.0, 81.5.

*Setaria verticillatta (Whorled pigeon grass)

Disturbed areas Not identified within proposed borrow pits

*Vachellia farnesiana (Mimosa bush)

Disturbed area directly adjacent to rail embankment

81.

Data source: Biota 2011a, Astron 2011, Astron 2012


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 36

Table 9 Weed mapping

Borrow Pit

Summary Weed presence (%)

70.0 Buffel grass, kapok bush and to a lesser extent birdwood grass were common throughout eastern side of rail line. Significant area on western side with no weeds present. Purslane recorded in south west corner on western side of rail line.

65

70.6 Buffel and birdwood grass common particularly around perimeter. 67

74 Buffel grass widely distributed across northern half of pit area, also some kapok bush. Southern half is almost weed free.

51

78.0 25. 74

78.2 Interior of pit area predominantly weed free. Kapok bush and buffel grass common on eastern and western perimeter.

28

81.0 Buffel grass and kapok bush recorded in southern tip of pit. 77

81.5 Kapok bush, buffel grass and to a lesser extent ulcardo melon common along south western side and along drainage line that bisects borrow area. Small area in northern end contains buffel and birdwood grass along drainage line. Single record for purslane in southern half with the remainder of surveyed area determined to be weed free.

15

Data source: Astron 2012

7,6

58,0

00 m

N7,6

60,0

00 m

N7,6

54,0

00 m

N7,6

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00 m

N

508,000 mE 510,000 mE

506,000 mE 508,000 mE 510,000 mE7,6

50,0

00 m

N7,6

48,0

00 m

N7,6

52,0

00 m

N

504,000 mE 506,000 mE

502,000 mE 504,000 mE7,6

50,0

00 m

N

502,000 mE

7,6

48,0

00 m

N7,6

58,0

00 m

N7,6

60,0

00 m

N7,6

54,0

00 m

N7,6

56,0

00 m

N7,6

52,0

00 m

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Figure 10

Stage One

Weed Mapping





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78.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.278.2

81818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181

81.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.581.5

1:35,000 @ A3

SCALE

Railway

National Park


*Setaria verticillata

*Acetosa versicaria

*Flaveria trinervia

*Cenchrus setiger

*Melochia pyramidata

*Portulaca oleracea

*Alysicarpus ovalifolius

*Sigesbeckia orientalis

*Sonchus oleraceus

*Argemone ochroleuca

*Cucumis melo

*Aerva javanica

*Citrullus lanatus

*Passiflora foetida

*Vachellia farnesiana

*Cynodon dactylon

*Echinochloa colona

*Citrullus colocynthis

*Cenchrus cilaris

*Malvastrum americanum

LEGEND

0 1 2 3km


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 38

6.3 Assessment of potential impact and mitigation 6.3.1 EPA Objective for flora and vegetation To maintain the abundance, diversity, geographic distribution and productivity of flora at species and

ecosystem levels through the avoidance or management of adverse impacts and improvement in

knowledge. 6.3.2 Potential sources of impact Flora and vegetation values may be impacted by:

• clearing of vegetation will directly reduce the extent of some vegetation communities

• vehicle movements and earthworks have the potential to introduce and spread weed species

which may impact vegetation communities through competition for water, nutrients and physical

space

• alteration to surface water regime, through presence of borrow pits, has the potential to have

an impact on vegetation communities that are sustained by surface flow

• dust generation due to earthworks and vehicle movements has the potential to smother

vegetation. 6.3.3 Assessment of potential impact Clearing of vegetation Stage One requires the clearing of approximately up to118.18 ha of vegetation for the borrow pits, access

tracks and other associated infrastructure. The location of the proposed borrow pits follows the existing

rail line, an area of previous disturbance, and hence some of the vegetation (13.15 ha) in the proposed

disturbance area has also been previously disturbed.

The majority of the vegetation types identified within the Proposal area are widely represented within the

Chichester sub-region, including other parts of MCNP, and will not be impacted by the proposed localised

small scale disturbance. The exceptions to this are four vegetation types that are mainly associated with

the Harding River and are considered to be less widely represented and of high conservation significance

(described in section 6.2.1). The design of the borrow pits included avoidance of disturbance of riparian

vegetation where practicable. Pit shapes have been refined in order to avoid vegetation associated with

drainage lines as far as practicable (by implementation of a 10 to 12 m buffer along drainage lines)

however some Harding river associated vegetation remains within the boundaries of BP 70.0, BP 78.0, BP

78.2 and BP 81.5. Works within these pits will be managed appropriately to avoid the conservation

significant vegetation communities where possible and ensure adverse impacts occurring as a result of the

Proposal are minimised. Clearing of vegetation within the Proposal area is therefore not expected to pose

a significant impact to the representation of vegetation communities and fauna habitat.

No DRF listed under the Commonwealth EPBC Act or listed by the WA DEC or conservation significant

flora were recorded from the Proposal area, and none would be expected to occur, therefore no impact on

these values are expected.

Clearing of vegetation and ground disturbance can lead to opportunist colonisation by weed species

already in the area. The implications of this are discussed below. Proliferation of weed species Weeds affect the ecosystem by direct competition with native flora and vegetation and consequently are a

serious threat to the biodiversity of MCNP. Activities or aspects of the Proposal that may affect vegetation

and flora values within the Proposal area include the introduction or spread of weed species by vehicle,

earth and human movements.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 39

The area of the proposed borrow pits lie parallel to the existing rail line and arterial road meaning some

pits are in close proximity to areas of existing disturbance and weed infestations. These factors increase

the potential risk of weeds spreading and the introduction of new species in and around the Proposal area

during disturbance from operation of the borrow pits. Riparian vegetation communities along major

drainage lines were cited of particular concern (Biota 2011a) as they are of high conservation significance

and appear to be quite susceptible to weed infestations. As previously stated the individual borrow pits

have been refined to avoid disturbance to riparian vegetation.

Another pathway of spread for weeds is fire, which can favour the establishment of weeds and prevent the

regeneration of (or destroy) native vegetation. The risk of fire is increased through vehicular traffic and

personnel movement during operations although most Pilbara fires are started by lightning strikes. The

risk of fires originating from the operations will be mitigated by implementation of fire management

procedures to reduce the incidence of fires and to contain any fires that do arise. Alteration to surface water regime The presence of the borrow pits and access tracks may lead to alteration in surface flow regimes. The

Riparian vegetation of the Harding River may be susceptible to impacts from disruption of surface flows.

Borrow pit areas have been strategically selected to avoid disruption to surface flows and thus minimise

impacts to riparian vegetation. Vehicle movements and earthworks An increase in traffic through vehicle and equipment operations will have the potential to impact upon the

spread and introduction of new weeds. Dust generation Dust generated during earthworks and vehicle movements may potentially have physical effects on plants,

such as blockage and damage to stomata, shading, abrasion of leaf surface/cuticle, as well as cumulative

effects (e.g., drought stress on already stressed species). Vegetation located close to roads, excavation

areas and other sources of dust is more likely to be subject to such impacts. Appropriate dust

management strategies will be implemented to minimise dust generation resulting from the Proposal. 6.3.4 Management measures Vegetation and flora Impacts on vegetation and flora will be managed in accordance with the BPMP (Appendix 1) and existing

Rio Tinto procedures. Proposed management measures include:

• restricting clearing to authorised areas through Rio Tinto approval procedures

• reducing disturbance to within already disturbed areas wherever practicable

• avoiding disturbance to vegetation communities of high conservation significance associated with

the Harding River

• dust control

• undertaking progressive rehabilitation of disturbed areas using local native species (see section

below).

Rio Tinto will continue to consult with DEC to determine a suitable offset package for any significant

residual environmental impacts on flora as a result of developing this proposal. Surface water regime Mitigation and management measures for impacts relating to surface water are provided in Section 10.1.4.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 40

Weed control measures The preferred weed management is to prevent introduction of environmental weeds through appropriate

management as they are harder to eradicate once populations are established. Strict weed hygiene will

be implemented to ensure the spread of weeds does not occur from already infested areas and so that

additional weeds are not introduced to the area.

Existing weeds in the area are currently distributed through some of the proposed borrow pits. Sites

infested with weeds should be avoided where practicable with priority being to avoid spread of existing

weed populations into other weed-susceptible areas. Monitoring of existing weed populations on a regular

basis (as per BPMP) will ascertain and prevent any spread of weeds during operations.

Weed management will be undertaken in accordance with IEMS procedures RTIOHSE-0013504 (Weed

Management) and RTIOHSE-0014273 (Weed Hygiene) and the BPMP. The introduction and/or spread of

weeds adjacent to and within MCNP will be minimised through management measures consistent with

management priorities and measures outlined in the MCNP Management Plan (DEC 2011a) including:

• undertaking routine weed inspections of the borrow pit areas and comparing with baseline weed

mapping

• treating weed species along road and railway corridors as part of Rio Tinto’s existing weed

management program

• treating new and emerging weeds detected during routine weed inspections under the existing

weed management program

• environmental induction training of the workforce to include identification of weed species,

reporting of infestations and hygiene procedures to prevent the introduction and spread of weeds

• ensuring vehicles and machinery on site adhere to weed hygiene requirements

• minimising site disturbance by preventing unnecessary clearing of vegetation, particularly in areas

adjacent to creek lines and drainage lines

• implementing strict weed hygiene controls for all ground engaging equipment, including:

∗ presenting weed hygiene certificates prior to mobilisation of all ground engaging equipment

∗ washing down of ground engaging equipment prior to demobilisation from borrow pits

∗ ensuring sumps used for the wash down of equipment will be designed to prevent run off and

will be covered with clean fill material to reduce the likelihood of weeds originating within

sumps at borrow pit sites.

Rio Tinto will continue to consult and work proactively with DEC on weed management within MCNP

during selection, use and rehabilitation of the borrow pits. Dust control The proposed control measures should ensure that the impact of dust emissions on vegetation and flora is

minimal. Management will be carried out in accordance with the BPMP, this includes:

• retain vegetated areas until required to be cleared for borrow pit development (in order to

minimise the area of soil exposed at any one time)

• progressively rehabilitate disturbed areas following use in accordance with the BPMP

• use water tankers or other appropriate dust suppression methods to control dust on unsealed

trafficked areas in borrow pits

• maintain dust suppression equipment

• instruct all personnel to adhere to vehicle speed limits to reduce dust lift-off from unsealed roads.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 41

Rehabilitation Rio Tinto will rehabilitate all borrow pit areas to meet DEC requirements and in accordance with the MCNP

Management Plan (DEC 2011a), with the objective of restoring ecosystems consistent within MCNP

objectives. The MCNP Management Plan states that natural regeneration of vegetation, as opposed to

planting of seedlings, is the preferred method for rehabilitation of works within this National Park. However

replanting or seeding may sometimes be necessary where no native vegetation remains. No topsoil will be

imported into the National Park without sterilisation.

Some of the borrow pits will be required to remain open or staged to ensure adequate borrow material is

available for operational needs and emergency situations. Borrow pits will be rehabilitated progressively

as they are no longer required. Substrate material will be stockpiled to be used during rehabilitation in

order to reduce the residual impact of the borrow pits.

Seed used in rehabilitation will be of local provenance, preferably from the Millstream area in accordance

with the principles to be followed for any rehabilitation work in MCNP as set out in the MCNP management

plan (DEC 2011a).

Policy Statement No. 10–Rehabilitation of Disturbed Land (CALM 1986) also provides guidance for the

rehabilitation of lands managed by the Department, based on the following principles:

1. Land should be managed as far as possible to avoid disturbance. Rehabilitation should be the last

option in a series of management decisions designed to protect natural values.

2. Natural regeneration with indigenous vegetation is the preferred method of rehabilitation, and where

necessary, steps should be taken to encourage it. Where this is not possible, or needs

supplementing, local species, grown from seed or cuttings obtained locally, should be planted, with

restoration as far as possible of the original species diversity, composition and spacing.

3. Where conditions have been changed to such an extent that local species cannot grow (e.g. on areas

where topsoil has been removed), or where a desired purpose, such as providing shade, cannot be

met by local species, species suitable to the conditions and purpose should be planted. However,

where more than one species is suitable, then that which occurs naturally closest to the rehabilitation

site should be used, with seeds and cuttings collected from the nearest possible source.

Specific rehabilitation management, monitoring and contingency actions will be outlined in the BPMP.

Progressive rehabilitation will be implemented based on the following Rio Tinto management tools to

ensure effective environmental and rehabilitation outcomes for the Proposal:

1. Rehabilitation handbook RTIO-HSE-0011608.

2. IEMS Procedure – Rehabilitation Management Plan RTIO-HSE-0058421.

3. Rehabilitation monitoring procedure RTIO-HSE-0010757.

4. Landform Design Guidelines–specifies appropriate design criteria for landforms.

5. Soil Resource Management Plan–identifies key soil resources for recovery and rehabilitation.

6. Borrow Pit Specification and Management Procedure–specifies the appropriate management of

borrow pits, including rehabilitation. 6.3.5 Potential cumulative impacts There is potential for cumulative impact on vegetation and flora due to the combined effect of clearing

vegetation from the Proposal and the existing and approved rail projects. In addition, potential for weed

infestation occurs from these projects as well as from visitors to MCNP.

All vegetation communities affected by the Proposal are widespread throughout the region. Combined

with other projects in the vicinity (existing and approved rail projects), the Proposal is not expected to have

significant impact on the remaining extent of these communities.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 42

In addition the amount of new disturbance in the area is limited due to the strategic location of the borrow

pits in close proximity to the previously disturbed rail corridor. Consequently 13.15 ha of the 118.18 ha

total disturbance footprint for the Proposal has previously been disturbed.

The increased area of disturbed land could lead to more extensive colonisation by invasive species

already in the area. The potential for this will be managed by strict hygiene management to prevent weed

introduction as well as implementation of measures to control of the spread of weeds already established

in the Proposal area. 6.3.6 Predicted environmental outcome The implementation of Rio Tinto clearing procedures will mitigate the risks to vegetation and flora. After

application of management measures described in Section 6.3.4, the Proposal is expected to result in the

following outcomes in relation to flora and vegetation:

1. 118.18 ha of disturbed vegetation will be rehabilitated progressively.

2. Proposed clearing will not have a significant effect on the representation of vegetation communities at

a local or regional level.

3. The Proposal will not affect the conservation status of any conservation significant species (including

DRF and Priority Flora species).

4. Management procedures will be implemented to mitigate the introduction of new weed species.

5. The spread of existing weeds will be contained within the Proposal area and will be managed as set

out in Rio Tinto’s Weed Management Program.

6. No TECS, PECs or priority flora will be impacted by the Proposal as none have been recorded within

the area.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 43

7. Terrestrial Fauna 7.1 Description of factor 7.1.1 Studies conducted to date Three studies for fauna or fauna habitat have been undertaken over the Proposal area to date. These are:

• Biota 2008b, Rio Tinto Rail Duplication Fauna Survey, Cape Lambert to Emu Siding prepared for

Rio Tinto, Biota Environmental Sciences, Leederville


on the Dampier to Mt Tom Price Rail Line, Rio Tinto Pty Ltd, Perth

• Biota 2011b, Millstream proposed Borrow Pits: Flora and Vegetation Report, Biota Environmental

Sciences, Leederville.

The Biota (2008b) study was a level 2 fauna survey for the Cape Lambert to Emu Siding Rail Duplication

Project and included vertebrate fauna and short range endemics (Biota 2008b).

The surveys conducted by Biota and Rio Tinto, encompassing the southern section of the proposed

Proposal Area, included evaluation of fauna habitat and any fauna sightings (Rio Tinto 2010, Biota 2011b). 7.2 Description of factor 7.2.1 Fauna habitats The regional environment is described in Section 5. The overall habitats in the Proposal area can be

grouped into the following:

• stony undulating plains and low stony hills: supporting Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low

trees over Hakea lorea subsp. lorea, Grevillea wickhamii, Acacia spp. shrubland over Triodia

wiseana hummock grassland

• plains and drainage depressions: supporting Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees over

Acacia bivenosa, Melaleuca glomerata shrubland over Triodia longiceps and/or T. wiseana

hummock grassland

• minor creeklines: supporting Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees over Hakea lorea

subsp. lorea, Grevillea wickhamii, Melaleuca spp., Acacia spp. open to tall open shrubland over

Triodia spp. hummock grassland (with *Cenchrus ciliaris tussock grasses in places).

Fauna habitat at Proposed BP 74 as defined by Biota (2008b) is characterised by rocky hill slopes with

Triodia sp., sometimes with scattered Acacia sp. sparse Acacia inaequilatera over sparse Triodia sp.

hummock grassland on rocky clayey loam. Proposed BP 70 and BP 70.6 is characterised with major

drainage lines with Eucalyptus sp. over Buffel grass, Acacia sp. over *Cenchrus sp. (buffel) (C. ciliaris and

C. setiger) tussock grassland on clay.

Habitat of BP 81 and BP 81.5 are defined by Rio Tinto (2010) into two broad groups:

• Stony basalt hills and slopes with Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees over scattered

Acacia shrubs Triodia wiseana hummock grassland

• minor creek lines and creek terraces of Acacia trachycarpa, Melaleuca glomerata or Acacia

bivenosa shrublands over hummock and tussock grasses.

These habitats are common and widespread within the Chichester subregion and more broadly in the

Pilbara bioregion.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 44

Fauna habitats identified throughout the Proposal Area are not restricted to the Proposal area and all are

commonly found throughout the Chichester subregion and Pilbara bioregion (Biota 2008b and 2011b). 7.2.2 Recorded fauna species Biota (2008b) identified 118 vertebrate species in the wider area from Cape Lambert to Emu Siding. Biota

(2011b) conducted various database searches throughout the locality of proposed BP 81.5 and BP 83

(note: BP 83 is no longer a proposed borrow pit) and reported 207 potentially occurring native vertebrae

fauna species.

The following species were recorded in the Rio Tinto (2010) field survey in the vicinity of proposed pit 81.5

and BP 83: Spinifex Pigeon (Geophaps plumifera), Diamond Dove (Geopelia cuneata), Torresian Crow

(Corvus orru cecilae), Whistling Kite (Haliastur sphenurus), Yellow-throated Miner (Manorina flavigula),

Singing Honeyeater (Lichenostomus penicillatus), Ring-tailed Dragon (Ctenophporus caudicinctus) and

Spinifexbird (Eremiornis carteri). 7.2.3 Species of conservation significance Species of conservation significance that occur or potentially occur in the area are detailed in Table 10.

The information is derived from searches of the EPBC Act Protected Matters and Naturemap databases

(10 km radius of Proposal area) as well as fauna and fauna habitat field studies (Biota 2008b, Rio Tinto

2010 and Biota 2011b).

The search of the EPBC Act Protected Matters database identified thirteen species potentially occurring in

the search area (Table 10). None of the EPBC protected species were recorded in the Proposal Area

during field surveys (Biota 2008b, 2011b and Rio Tinto 2010). Furthermore there are no records in the

Naturemap database of any EPBC protected species in the search area. Analysis of habitat in the

Proposal Area (Table 10) indicated that habitat for six of these EPBC listed species does not occur

however seven EPBC protected species have the potential to utilise habitat in the area. Six of these

species are migratory bird species and are considered likely to only transit through the area with the

majority of individuals not touching down. The seventh species was the Dasyurus hallucatus (Northern

Quoll) which was considered to potentially occur in the Proposal area, on occasion, however, breeding

habitat was not present and potential foraging habitat in creeklines is excluded from the Proposal (Biota

2011b).

Rio Tinto reported, based on previous work undertaken by Biota (2008), eight conservation significant

species protected at a state level by the Wildlife Act potentially occur in the area (Rio Tinto 2010). Biota

(2011b) identified a further two conservation significant species that could potentially occur in Pits 81.5 and

BP 83. Of the potentially occurring conservation significant fauna, only the Priority Four species Neochmia

ruficauda subclarescens (Star Finch) was recorded in the Proposal area (Rio Tinto 2010). Records of

Priority Four species Ardeotis australis (Australian Bustard) Burhinus grallarius (Bush stone-curlew) and

Phaps histrionica (Flock Bronzewing) were located in the Naturemap database. While the database

search is of a wide area (10 km radius) and the exact locations of the sightings are not provided it is

considered that these species may utilise habitat within the Proposal Area.

Evidence (inactive mound) of the Priority Four species Pseudomys chapmani (Western Pebble mound

mouse) was recorded with in BP 83. Although BP 83 has been excluded as a proposed borrow pit, this

evidence indicates the species has potential to occur in the Proposal Area.

Falco peregrines (Peregrine Falcon) are not confined to specific habitat (DSEWPAC 2012b) therefore this species may occur in the Proposal area. Habitat evaluations for the other five conservation significant species potentially occurring revealed that habitat for Notoscincus butleri (Lined Soil-Crevice Skink) occurs in the Proposal area. Habitat for the other four species was not determined to occur in the Proposal area.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 45

In summary, one EPBC species has the potential to occur in the Proposal area and six migratory avifauna

may be transient visitors to the area. One Priority Four conservation significant fauna species has been

observed in the area while evidence for another has been observed near the Proposal area. A further

three Priority Four species have been recorded in a 10 km radius and are considered likely to use habitat

in the Proposal area. One more Priority Four species has not been sighted but has been identified to have

habitat occurring in the Proposal area.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 46

Table 10 Conservation significant species occurring or potentially occurring in the Proposal area

Species National Significance

Likelihood of presence Habitat occurring with the Proposal area

Recorded in the Proposal area

Source of information State Federal

Mammals/Marsupials

Dasycercus cristicauda (Mulgara)

Schedule 1 Vulnerable The crest-tailed mulgara prefer sand dunes and sand hill cane grass (Zygochloa paradoxa) (AWLC 2012) while the brush-tailed mulgara prefers spinifex grasslands. The preference of these species for sandy substrates means they are unlikely to inhabit the Proposal Area (Biota 2008b).

No No EPBC protected matters report

Dasyurus hallucatus (Northern quoll)

Schedule 1 Endangered The Northern quoll is most abundant in open, rocky habitat and is also found in gorges and near creek lines where breeding is considered to be successful. The Proposal area does not have any gorges or rock piles in the south of the Proposal (Biota 2011b) but does have nearby creeklines that may present potential foraging habitat. Although this species hasn’t been recorded, it may potentially occur within the Proposal Area (Biota 2011).

Potentially No EPBC protected matters report

Macrotis lagotis (Greater bilby)

Schedule 1 Vulnerable The Greater bilby prefers three main habitats, open tussock grassland on uplands and hills, mulga woodland/shrubland and hummock grasslands (DSWEPaC 2012). While the EPBC protected matters report identifies the potential for habitat to occur within the Proposal Area it was reported by Biota (2011) that the Bilby prefer sandy substrates to the stony loams of the borrow pit areas. Furthermore, MCNP management plan has identified the bilby as being one of the species now considered to be rare or extinct within the Pilbara (DEC 2011a).


Rhinonicteris aurantia (Pilbara form) (Pilbara leaf-nosed bat)

Schedule 1 Vulnerable Occurrence of this species is influenced by the availability of suitable roost caves, deep caves offering suitable humidity and a stable temperature within the Proposal Area. The lack of suitable habitat within the Proposal indicates this species is unlikely to roost in the proposal area(Biota 2008b). The Pilbara leaf nosed bat was not recorded in the Proposal area, nor does it have major caves that may be potential roosting areas but may be present during foraging.


Sminthopsis longicaudata (Long-tailed Dunnart)

Priority 3 As cited in the MCNP MP, the long–tailed dunnart is now considered rare or extinct within the Pilbara (DEC 2011a), however, research has shown that is it actually relatively widespread but restricted to specific habitat (Biota 2008b). There are records from habitat including plateaus near breakaways and screes and rugged boulder strewn screes (Biota 2008b). These habitats have not been identified in the Proposal area therefore the species is unlikely to occur.

No No Rio Tinto 2010

Macroderma gigas

(Ghost Bat)

Priority 4 Species occurs in a broad range of habitat with their distribution influenced on the availability of suitable caves and mines for roost sites (Biota 2008b). The ghost bat was not recorded in the Proposal area, nor does it have major caves that may be potential roosting areas but may be present during foraging.



PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 47





Pseudomys chapmani (Western pebble-mound mouse)

Priority 4 This species is found on stony hillsides with hummock grasslands (Biota 2008b). As the Proposal area has suitable habitat it is possible that the western pebble-mound mouse may be present.

Evidence of this species occurrence was found through an inactive mound recorded on a rocky basalt slope (Rio Tinto 2010). The species is common and widespread throughout central and eastern Pilbara.

Yes Evidence of species found in Pit area now excluded from the Proposal (Rio Tinto 2010)

Rio Tinto 2010

Leggadina lakedownensis (Short-tailed Mouse)

Priority 4 This species is known to inhabit the Pilbara and Kimberley regions with primary mainland habitat being areas of cracking clays and adjacent habitat.

No No Biota 2011b

Reptiles

Liasis olivaceus barroni

(Olive python, pilbara subspecies)

Schedule 1 Vulnerable This species is endemic to the Pilbara region with distribution known to occur throughout the Pilbara (Biota 2008b). It occurs in rocky areas with preference to rocky habitats near water and rock pools. There are populations that occur within MCNP (DSEWPaC 2012b), however; the Proposal does not contain potential gorge or escarpment habitat, but rather relatively flat land.


Ramphotyphlops ganei

Priority 1 This species is known to occur between Newman and Pannawonica, including the Chichester Range inhabiting area in the topsoil of moist gorges and gullies and also termitaria and ant nests (Biota 2008b). The Proposal is not within any major gorges or gullies.


Notoscincus butleri (Lined Soil-Crevice Skink)

Priority 4 This skink is endemic to Western Australia and is restricted to the arid northwest of the Pilbara bioregion. Its preferred habitat is associated with spinifex dominated areas near creek and river margins and suitable habitat for this species does occur within the Proposal Area.

Yes No Biota 2011b

Migratory Marine or Wetland Species

Apus pacificus (Fork-tailed swift)

Schedule 3 Migratory Marine Species

This species has an extremely patchy distribution throughout Australia (Biota 2008b) and

have been found north through much of the Pilbara region (DSEWPaC 2012b). They

occur in a large variety of habitat including over inland plains, above foothills in coastal

area, over cliffs and beaches and over islands, over settled areas including towns, urban

areas and cities, dry or open habitats including riparian woodland and tea-tree swamps,

low scrub, heathland or saltmarsh (DSEWPaC 2012b). Based on the wide range of

habitat of this species it may occur within the Proposal area however is likely to be a

transient visitor.


Ardea alba (Great Egret, White Egret)


This species occurs throughout Australia and is typically found in tropical and temperate grasslands, wooded lands and terrestrial wetlands. This species currently has a large abundance of habitat throughout Australia. Based on the wide range of habitat of this species it may occur within the Proposal area however is likely to be a transient visitor.



PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 48





Ardea ibis (Cattle Egret)


The cattle egret is common and widespread with one its major populations occurring from the north-east of Western Australia to the top end of the Northern Territory (DSEWPaC 2012b). It occurs in tropical to temperate grasslands, wooded lands and terrestrial wetlands. Based on the wide range of habitat of this species it may occur within the Proposal area however is likely to be a transient visitor.


Charadrius veredus (Oriental Plover, Oriental dotterel)

Schedule 3 Migratory Wetland Species

Occurs in both coastal and inland areas, mostly in northern Australia with a large number of records between Exmouth Gulf and Derby (DSEWPaC 2012b), therefore, is considered unlikely to utilise the Proposal Area.


Glareola maldivarum (Oriental Pratincole)

Schedule 3 Migratory Wetland Species

The oriental pratincole is widespread on northern areas especially along the coasts of the Pilbara region and the Kimberly. Their preferred habitats include open plains, floodplains or short grassland, near terrestrial wetlands, lakes or creeks (DSEWPaC 2012b). Based on the wide range of habitat of this species it may occur within the Proposal area however is likely to be a transient visitor.


Migratory Terrestrial Species and Avifauna

Haliaeetus leucogaster (White-bellied sea-eagle)

Schedule 3 Migratory Terrestrial Species

This species is distributed along the coastline of Australia and extends inland along some of the larger waterways (DSEWPaC 2012b). It prefers coastal habitats and around terrestrial wetlands in tropical and temperate regions therefore is considered unlikely to utilise the Proposal Area.


Hirundo rustica (Barn swallow)


The Barn Swallow is highly migratory visiting predominantly North Australia during September to April. It has not been recorded in the Proposal Area however it has the potential to occur near the Harding Dam where potential habitat occurs (Biota 2008b).


Merops ornatus (Rainbow Bee-eater)


The rainbow bee-eater regularly migrates to Western Australia to breed. The rainbow bee- eater could potentially use the area however it wasn’t recorded in the area and has a preference for sandy soils for nesting (Biota 2008b).


Falco peregrinus

(Peregrine Falcon)

Schedule 4 This species occurs in all parts of Australia and is not confined to any specific habitat (DSEWPaC 2012b). Based on the wide range of habitat of this species it may occur within the Proposal area however is likely to be a transient visitor.

Potentially No Biota 2011b

Ardeotis australis (Australian Bustard)

Priority 4 Habitat includes open or lightly wooded grasslands including Triodia sandplains and is a typically nomadic creature. This species is common in the Pilbara region and is likely to occur in the Proposal area (Biota 2008b).

Yes Yes, within 10 km radius (Naturemap 2012)

Rio Tinto 2010

Burhinus grallarius

(Bush stone-curlew)

Priority 4 Bush stone-curlew is widespread with populations in the Pilbara. It inhabits sparsely grassed, lightly timbered forest or woodlands and has been recorded within a 10 km radius of the Proposal Area (Naturemap 2012).


Rio Tinto 2010

Phaps histrionica (Flock Bronzewing)

Priority 4 This species occurs throughout Australia and is highly nomadic and prefers open woodlands and treeless grass plains (NSW 1999) and has been recorded within a 10 km radius of the Proposal Area (Naturemap 2012).


Rio Tinto 2010


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 49





Neochmia ruficauda subclarescens (Star Finch)

Priority 4 This species is found from the Pilbara to south-eastern Australia. Habitat includes vegetation communities along permanent waterways in the Pilbara and reed beds (Biota 2008b). Other potential habitat areas throughout the Proposal are likely to be within the Harding River catchment. The star finch was recorded in the Proposal area (Rio Tinto 2010).

Yes Yes Rio Tinto 2010


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 50

7.2.4 Short range endemics species Taxonomic groups of invertebrates with naturally small distributions are described as short-range

endemics (SREs). SREs were surveyed by Biota in 2008 and a desktop survey was conducted by Biota in

2011 to identify any potentially occurring SREs (Biota 2008b, 2011b).

One Mygalomorph spider was recorded by Biota (2008b) in close proximity to proposed BP 74

(Barychelidae sp. A) during a 2008 survey. Two different species of Pseudoscorpions were recorded in

close proximity to proposed BP 70 and 70.6, Synsphyronus sp.1 and Haplochernes sp.1 (Biota 2008b).

One species of terrestrial snail was recorded, Phagada sp.? in the northern section of the Proposal area

near (but outside the footprint of) BP 70.

The conservation significance is not known of the SREs identified during the fauna studies. It is therefore

difficult to determine when taxa are represented by one or few specimens. Due to this lack of information,

vegetation habitats were used to determine if these species could potentially be found elsewhere. The

vegetation types where the SREs were recorded were all widely distributed in the region (Biota 2008b). 7.2.5 Introduced species Introduced species have the potential to affect local fauna and vegetation in the Proposal area. The EPBC

protected matters report has identified three invasive species of fauna potentially occurring in the Proposal

area (Table 11), however, these have not been recorded in the Proposal area (Biota 2008b, 2011b and

Rio Tinto 2010).

Table 11 Invasive species

Species Type of presence

Felis catus (cat) Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Vulpes vulpes (Red Fox) Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Source: EPBC protected matters report 7.3 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation EPA objective for fauna To maintain the abundance, diversity, geographic distribution and productivity of fauna at species and

ecosystems levels through the avoidance or management of adverse impacts and improvement of

knowledge. 7.3.1 Potential sources of impact Activities or aspects of the Proposal that may affect terrestrial fauna values include:

• vegetation clearing which will directly disturb terrestrial fauna habitat and may result in the loss

or displacement of individual terrestrial fauna

• introduction or spread of weed species which may cause degradation of habitat

• vehicle and equipment movements in borrow pit areas, which could potentially result in the loss

of terrestrial fauna individuals, especially less-mobile species

• dust and noise emissions from vehicle movements, excavation, crushing and transfer of borrow

material could potentially displace fauna in nearby habitat.


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7.3.2 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation Vegetation clearing Fauna habitat Terrestrial fauna rely on native vegetation and physical aspects of the landscape to provide food and

shelter. The loss or degradation of native vegetation (through clearing and introduction of weeds) would

directly result in loss of fauna habitat, and potential fauna foraging habitat, food source and shelter options.

In addition, vegetation clearing can result in habitat fragmentation, whereby existing fauna habitats are

segregated from each other due to the placement of infrastructure, limiting potential species habitat or

range. Given the clearing (predominantly) follows the route of the existing rail corridor in areas of existing

disturbance, it is not expected that clearing near these corridors will impact native fauna habitat.

Conservation significant species that have the potential to occur in the Proposal area are not expected to

be impacted due to the widespread habitat available. Vegetation types in the Proposal area are not

restricted in distribution in the locality of the Proposal, suggesting that these fauna habitats are widely

distributed outside the area of the Proposal. Consequently these habitats would not be considered under

threat by the proposed works at a local or regional scale. Habitat fragmentation The extent of the habitat clearing is restricted to the borrow pit areas and access tracks and will not cause

fragmentation of vegetation types due to the fragmented nature of the disturbance footprint. Therefore,

displacement of vertebrate fauna due to habitat fragmentation is not anticipated. Conservation significant fauna Priority four species Neochmia ruficauda subclarescens (Star Finch) was recorded along flow lines within

proposed BP 81 (Rio Tinto 2010). The borrow pit areas have been designed to avoid disturbance of

vegetation along flow lines, therefore habitat for this species will not be directly disturbed. Furthermore

habitat for this species is widespread in the Harding River area and therefore adverse impact to this

species at a local population level as a result of the Proposal is not expected.

An inactive mound of Priority Four species Pseudomys chapmani (Western pebble-mound mouse) was

recorded during the 2010 survey (Rio Tinto 2010). It is considered that while impact to individuals may

occur as a result of the Proposal, significant impact on the local population would not occur due to the

localised extent of disturbance for individual pits.

Habitat for eight EPBC protected and four state protected conservation significant fauna has been

identified within the Proposal area. However, these habitats are considered to be common and

widespread, furthermore, the disturbance associated with the Proposal is highly localised, therefore, it is

not expected to affect the conservation significance of species potentially occurring in the area. Short range endemics The impact of vegetation clearing of the Proposal area on SREs may temporarily affect highly localised

SREs in the Proposal area during operations. Based on the broad distribution of habitat types and

vegetation units from which the potential SREs were recorded in the Proposal area, the wider occurrence

of the land systems to which these belong and that several taxa have demonstrated wider distributions, it

was concluded that the taxa are likely to be more widely distributed beyond the confines of the Proposal

area (Biota 2008b). In addition impact on the conservation significance of any SRE invertebrate fauna in

the area is unlikely to be impacted due to the localised nature of the disturbances.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 52

Introduction or spread of weed species Six of the seven proposed borrow pits currently have existing areas of disturbance as a result of previous

development, which increases the risk of weeds spreading and invading surrounding habitats. Fauna

habitats in proximity to the Proposal area may become degraded due to the introduction of weeds, spread

of weeds or the opportunist colonisation of disturbed areas with non-indigenous species already present in

the area (DEC 2011a).

The introduction/spread of weeds species associated with disturbance is further discussed in Section

6.3.3. Vehicle and equipment movement Smaller mammals and reptiles are most likely to be affected as a result of increased vehicle movements,

therefore there is potential for mortality of individual fauna during construction and operation of the borrow

pits. However, it is not expected that the conservation status and distribution of any species is unlikely to

be affected by the loss of individuals due to vehicle movement within and adjacent to the Proposal area. Dust and noise emissions Minor potential sources of impact include noise emissions from construction and operations, which may

cause nearby habitats to become temporarily unsuitable for foraging and general habitation; however this

is not anticipated to have a significant impact in the longer term as progressive rehabilitation is anticipated

following closure of the borrow pit areas. Airborne dust is also not anticipated to affect terrestrial fauna

due to implementation of dust suppression measures. 7.3.3 Management measures Terrestrial fauna within, and adjacent to, the Proposal area will be protected through the management

measures outlined in the BPMP (Appendix 1). Management measures will include:

• clearing of potential fauna habitat will be as approved and will be kept within the proposed

footprint

• replicating existing drainage so as to ensure current drainage flows are maintained and to prevent

ponding of water

• implementing standard dust suppression measures across the Proposal area to mitigate effects

on surrounding fauna habitat

• restricting traffic to designated tracks and setting speed limits to minimise fauna fatality or injury

• undertaking progressive rehabilitation to re-establish fauna habitat (as described in Section 6.3.4). 7.3.4 Cumulative Impact Key habitat types that will be impacted by the Proposal are widely distributed throughout the wider Pilbara

region. Cumulative impact may occur from the rail duplication as the Proposed borrow pits occur parallel

the rail duplication and a main arterial road. However, any additional cumulative impact will be minimal

due to the small areas of disturbance.


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7.3.5 Predicted environmental outcome While some impacts to individual animals may occur as a result of developing the Proposal it is unlikely

that significant impact to any local or subregional populations of native vertebrate fauna would occur

(Rio Tinto 2010). After mitigation and management measures have been applied, the Proposal is

expected to result in the following outcomes in relation to fauna:

• individual fauna deaths during operations

• temporary disturbance of localised habitat

• loss of terrestrial fauna habitat as a result of the Proposal may have a very localised impact on

habitat but is not expected to have a significant effect on the representation of fauna at a local or

regional level

• unavoidable loss of some individual animals as a result of the nature of the Proposal (i.e. vehicle

strikes).

Consistent with EPA objectives, the abundance, species diversity, geographic distribution and productivity

of terrestrial fauna at species and ecosystem levels would be maintained, thereby conserving regional

biological diversity. The zoological studies (in line with EPA guidance statements 3, 20 and 56)

undertaken/commissioned by the will ensure that direct disturbance to important fauna and fauna habitat is

kept to that which is necessary, and that fauna and fauna habitat in adjoining areas of disturbance are

protected, as far as practicable.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 54

8. Visual amenity 8.1 Study undertaken A visual impact assessment of the proposed borrow pit locations was undertaken by Ecoscape (2012).

The assessment was conducted in accordance with the methodology outlined in the Visual Landscape

Planning Manual (DPI 2007). Impact to visual amenity was assessed based on the character of the

landscape and the potential for the borrow pits to be seen by sensitive receptors. Karratha Tom Price

Road is the main arterial road in the area and the proposed borrow pits are in close proximity to the road.

The road was, therefore, considered to be the main viewing point where impact to the landscape was

assessed. Ecoscape completed a view-shed and photograph montage analysis to determine the visual

impact of each of the seven proposed borrow pits on the view from the Karratha Tom Price road. The view

from rail access road extending north along the rail line was also considered, however, impact from the rail

access track were deemed of low significance as they are not commonly used by the public. These

montages are provided in Appendix 3. 8.2 Description of factor Visual quality of a landscape is a resource and should be assessed and managed in the same manner as

other environmental factors, as described in the MCNP management plan (DEC 2011a). To that end,

visual impact was considered during the site selection process for the borrow pits.

The landscape of the Proposal area is characterised by a range of landscapes such as valleys where

drainage lines dissect the landscape, to gently undulating terrain with low hills and swales which then rise

up to steep and rugged ranges (Ecoscape 2012). The visual landscape evaluation, undertaken by

Ecoscape (2012), determined the landscape comprised of three landscape character units; rugged ranges,

undulating plain and low plain. These landscapes are defined in Table 12.

Table 12 Landscape within the visual impact assessment area

Landscape Definition

Rugged ranges This Landscape has a predominantly natural appearance ranging from an elevated height of 100–340 m. The ranges form a distinctive horizon line in the distance characterised by rolling and sloping forms and angular to curved lines. The colour palette consists of a simple pattern of yellow to green vegetation, dark orange rocky soil, occasional roads and tracks which curve through the landscape. Striking features throughout the landscape area are dark orange rock capped ranges as well as a regular pattern of yellow/green spinifex clumps dotted across the dark orange rocky soils.

No proposed borrow pits occur in this landscape however this landscape occurs in the background of the view shed from some locations.

Undulating plain The topography of this landscape is gradual compared with the rugged ranges and ranges in elevation range from 100–250 m thus the view is more expansive. The main difference between the rugged ranges and this landscape is a rolling and curved landscape compared with the angled lines of the steeper rugged ranges. Other visual elements such as the colour palette and the textured rough surface are similar to the rugged ranges.

The majority of the proposed borrow pits occur within this landscape, (BP 81.5, 81, 78.2, 78 and 74).

Flat plain * This landscape is characterised by a relatively flat and open plain which contains several watercourses traversing through the Proposal area. It sits low in the landscape with an elevation range from 90–200 m. The most prominent aspect of this landscape is straight and horizontal lines with curving and angular hills of the rugged ranges on the horizon. Seasonal colours are also a characteristic, in particular the purple mulla mulla flowers scattered amongst different shades of green spinifex. The landscape is textured by rough gravelly soils and coarse foliage and occasional waterforms. Diverse vegetation and evident landforms are also a characteristic of this landscape.

Proposed borrow pits occur within this landscape (BP 70 and BP 70.6).

*sometimes termed low plain

Data Source:–Ecoscape 2012


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 55

The general view from the Karratha to Tom Price Road is described as views to rugged landforms on the

horizon over surrounding undulating landform with waterform and strong vegetation patterns and colours.

Existing infrastructure in the area (road, rail, access tracks and pipelines) blends with the colour and line of

the landscape.

Key character indicators of visual landscape can be classified into two categories, ‘most’ preferred and

‘least’ preferred. Most preferred is defined by landscapes that are highly valued by the community and

contribute to the visual character of the area. There are a number of preferred characteristics occurring in

the Proposal Area as defined by Ecoscape (2012), these include:

• a high degree of topographic variety or vertical relief (dramatic relief, ruggedness, rock

outcropping, outstanding ridgelines and beach forms)

• presence of water bodies (waterfalls, rivers, estuaries, oceans, lakes, inundated areas)

• vegetative diversity (distinctive patterns, species composition, height, colour and texture)

• distinctive displays of colour which can be soils, vegetation (often seasonal), topography, rock

formations or water bodies. 8.3 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation EPA objective for visual amenity To ensure that aesthetic values are considered and measures are adopted to reduce visual impacts

on the landscape to as low as reasonably practicable. 8.3.1 Potential sources of impact Potential sources of visual impact are:

• physical presence of a borrow pit which requires the clearing of vegetation essentially leaves a

scar visible on the landscape

• presence of operational vehicles and equipment in particular if parked close to the main road.

Visual amenity may also be affected by vehicle and equipment traffic which will generate dust from the

Proposal. 8.3.2 Assessment of potential impacts The impact of each of the proposed borrow pits on the view from the Karratha Tom Price Road is

summarised in Table 13.

Table 13 Location of each borrow pit

Borrow Pit Landscape type Visible impact from Karratha

Tom Price Road Visual mitigation measures required for Karratha Tom Price Road view point

70 Low plain Not evident No

70.6 Low plain Blending No

74 Undulating plain Prominent Yes

78 Undulating plain Blending No

78.2 Undulating plain South bound motorist: Blending

North bound motorist: Prominent

Yes

81 Undulating plain landscape

Blending No

81.5 Undulating and low plain Blending No

Data Source:- Ecoscape 2012


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 56

8.3.3 Management measures Within visually sensitive landscapes such as National Parks the following management strategies should

be implemented for all borrow pits to attempt blending of the borrow pits with the surrounding landscape:

• vegetation screening which may be possible where there are already low shrubs within the view

• minimisation of the extent of borrow pits on hill slopes that face the observer

• usage of existing tracks where possible to avoid construction of new access tracks

• rehabilitation with local vegetation species.

Specific management for the two borrow pits which are ranked as having prominent impacts on visual

amenity from the Karratha Tom Price Road is described in Table 14.

Table 14 Proposed mitigation and management strategies for borrow pits

Borrow pit Mitigation and management

74 • lower the top extent of the borrow pit so it does not extend to the horizon line and become visible

• shape the borrow pit to follow the natural curve of the hill.

78.2 • reduce the extent of BP 78.2 so it does not extend to the lower ridge line which will reduce the impact to northbound traffic.

Data Source:- Ecoscape 2012

All borrow pits will be rehabilitated progressively (as described in Section 6.3.4) via natural regeneration

with indigenous vegetation (where possible) which is the preferred method of rehabilitation as per MCNP

Management Plan (DEC 2011a). 8.3.4 Cumulative impact The Karratha Tom Price Road and the rail corridor (for existing rail and recently approved duplicate rail)

have a blending impact on the visual amenity of the National Park (Ecoscape 2012). The proposed borrow

pits are located alongside and in close proximity to these transport corridors, therefore, the borrow pits

have the potential to have cumulative visual amenity impact with the transport infrastructure corridor but

will have minimal impact to the visual amenity of the landscape outside of this corridor. 8.3.5 Predicted environmental outcome Whilst the proposed borrow pits are located in a National Park and in close proximity to the main access

road, the location is distant from any other sensitive receptors and therefore is not expected to significantly

impact the visual amenity of the area. Consistent with EPA objectives, measures such as retention of

vegetation providing screening will be adopted to reduce the visual impacts on the landscape, in particular

to the views from Karratha Tom Price Road, to as low as reasonably practicable. Furthermore impact of

the borrow pits on the visual amenity will be temporary in nature and following rehabilitation the impacts to

the natural visual character will be removed.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 57

9. Aboriginal heritage 9.1 Description of factor Native Title The potential borrow pit area falls within the Native Title determination area of the Ngarluma and

Yindjibarndi People, including the overlap area of shared country between them. Rio Tinto has a Regional

Agreement with the Ngarluma over their determined area, which has been registered as an Indigenous

Land Use Agreement (RTIO Ngarluma ILUA). Aboriginal heritage database search A search of the Department of Indigenous Affairs (DIA) Register of Aboriginal Heritage sites found that five

Aboriginal sites potentially occur within the Proposal Area (DIA 2012) (Table 15). A further 10 sites occur

within a 11 km by 6 km area encompassing all of the borrow pits. The locations of some of these sites are

closed therefore heritage surveys are required to determine which of these sites do overlap (or have

buffers that overlap) proposed disturbance areas. The site types recorded include scatters, mythological,

quarries, camps and grinding patches.

There are five sites that are classified as other heritage places on the DIA database. This means that

information regarding each of these sites has been lodged, but is awaiting assessment or is insufficient

and is therefore not a registered Aboriginal heritage site at present. These sites are presented at the end

of Table 15.

Table 15 Aboriginal Heritage database search results for the Proposal

Borrow Pit Site ID Site Name Site type

Registered Aboriginal Heritage Sites

70 15273 West Angelas Rail 01 Artefact/Scatter

70.6 15273 West Angelas Rail 01 Artefact/Scatter

74 No known sites

78 18245 Emu Siding-Thalu Mythological, Historical, Grinding Patches/Grooves

78.2 18245 Emu Siding-Thalu Mythological, Historical, Grinding Patches/Grooves

81 No known sites

81.5 No known sites

Within vicinity

420 Bullfrog Thalu Ceremonial, Mythological, Man-Made Structure

611 Wickham 1 Artefacts / Scatter

7857 Western Creek Camp Camp, Water Source

15274 West Angelas Rail 02 Artefacts / Scatter



15278 West Angelas Rail 06 Artefacts / Scatter, Grinding patches /grooves

17692 Western Creek Artefacts / Scatter

17695 Harding River Artefacts / Scatter, Grinding patches / grooves

18229 R1w2a-09 Artefacts / Scatter

18620 Nl01 Artefact Scatter Artefacts / Scatter

18790 Kurluburu Thalu Ceremonial, Mythological

23652 Yin 001 Artefacts / Scatter

Heritage Places lodged or with insufficient information recorded

78 18241 Yirramurra Ceremonial, Fish Trap, Quarry


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 58

Borrow Pit Site ID Site Name Site type

18243 Western Creek – Stone Source

Ceremonial

78.2 18241 Yirramurra Ceremonial, Fish Trap, Quarry

18243 Western Creek – Stone Source

Ceremonial

21298 Ms05 – Two Rocky Ridges

Mythological – nature feature

Within vicinity

18542 Western Creek – Warlu Mythological

18621 Western Creek railway crossing

Mythological, Historical Heritage surveys Rio Tinto has consulted with the Ngarluma and Yindjibarndi traditional owner groups potentially impacted

by the Proposal, as per the procedures detailed in the community standard and the protocols set out in the

Ngarluma ILUA. Rio Tinto is working with the Yindjibarndi according to an interim protocol set in place

until a regional Agreement is completed. Regular presentations are being made at working group or Board

meetings in order to ensure the traditional owner groups are updated about the progress of the Proposal.

All the Proposal areas were surveyed in early 2012 as part of the overall survey corridor for the Cape

Lambert to Emu Siding Rail Duplication Project. Notes were provided by Rio Tinto on the findings of the

survey (Pers. com. Lynda Strawbridge June 2012). Over much of the area both traditional owner groups

needed to survey the ground. The extent and significance of the findings of each group have been

reconciled to create a final set of heritage site boundaries however final reports are awaiting completion of

the survey program. If any sites will be subject to disturbance a s.18 application for approval to disturb will

be required and then the specific sites will be recorded in more detail to provide information to DIA. This

has been indicated as the preferred methodology by the traditional owners.

BP 83 was excluded from the scope of the Proposal due to the footprint being almost entirely covered by a

heritage site. The findings for the other borrow pit heritage surveys are summarised below (Table 16).


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 59

Table 16 Summary of Aboriginal heritage sites associated with the Proposal

Borrow Pit Number

Archaeological sites

Ethnographic site Additional information DIA registered sites

70 Partially covering pit area

Associated with water course

Geotechnical testing approved, further discussion required if potential borrow source confirmed

Y

70.6 Largely covering pit area

Associated with water course (as for Pit 70)

Y

74 One site within pit area

78 Reported as within or adjacent to archaeological and ethnographic sites which requires further consultation with traditional owners to define boundaries

Pits lie immediately east of a pinch point on the rail where water pipeline and access roads also draw together, a significant Aboriginal site lies on the watercourse

Y

78.2 Y

81 One small site outside pit area to the west of that can be avoided if required

81.5 One small site within eastern side of pit area

Adjacent to two archaeological sites - further discussion with Traditional Owners required to ensure site boundaries adequately captured

9.2 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation EPA Objective

In most circumstances, including this assessment, the EPA applies the following objective to the

assessment of Proposals that may affect Aboriginal heritage (EPA 2004b):

• to ensure that changes to the biophysical environment do not adversely affect historical and

cultural associations and comply with relevant heritage legislation. 9.2.1 Potential sources of impact The primary aspects of the Proposal that may potentially affect Aboriginal heritage values are:

• physical disturbance of the land surface during clearing and removal of topsoil and overburden

has the potential to disturb heritage sites and affect ethnographic values

• presence of construction and operational personnel has the potential to disturb heritage sites

and affect ethnographic values. 9.2.2 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation Physical disturbance of the land surface The construction and operation of the Proposal has the potential to disturb heritage sites within pits and

heritage sites in close proximity. Presence of construction and operational personnel The presence of construction and operational personnel in the Proposal area has the potential to disturb

heritage sites within and surrounding the Proposal area. An Aboriginal Sites Register will be maintained

and site personnel will be informed of sites within the Proposal area during site inductions. For sites in

proximity to work areas, fencing and signage would be installed for the protection of heritage values from

disturbance.


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9.2.3 Management measures Aboriginal heritage issues in the Proposal area will be managed in accordance with Rio Tinto internal

procedures and the BPMP. Key measures from this plan include:

• marking all heritage sites (from the finalised survey findings) on the Pilbara Iron Geographical

Information System (GIS) for the consideration of planners to avoid where possible unless

approval is granted to disturb under the AH Act

• undertaking additional survey work within the Proposal area if required to identify and manage

any additional heritage sites

• continuing consultation with the relevant traditional owner groups including discussion regarding

the possible salvage, display and storage of some of the cultural material from heritage sites

where site disturbance is unavoidable

• preventing unauthorised ground disturbance activities through implementation of Rio Tinto’s

Ground Disturbance Authorisation Procedure at each borrow pit

• including education regarding Aboriginal sites in inductions for contractors and personnel working

on the development

• stopping work and contacting the Rio Tinto Heritage Team, communities and the DIA where

archaeological material is uncovered; then assessing the site using a heritage consultant and

managing the site in accordance with internal Rio Tinto Indigenous Heritage Management

Procedure (Rio Tinto Aboriginal Heritage Policy 2001). The police will also be notified if the site

contains human remains.

Rio Tinto manages cultural heritage through the Approvals Coordination System which regulates ground

disturbance activities and ensures that significant Aboriginal or environmental sites are not disturbed

without authorisation (Rio Tinto 2008). 9.2.4 Cumulative impact The area of MNCP within which the proposal is located has already been exposed to some disturbance

during construction of the existing rail line, Karratha Tom Price Road and the unsealed access track.

Impacts to the heritage values of the area may therefore have already occurred. Disturbance of some

areas of the proposed borrow pits may lead to a more substantial impact to heritage values however

considered of heritage sites during selection of sites from which to source borrow will aim to mitigate this. 9.2.5 Predicted environmental outcome The Proposal would comply with the provisions of the AH Act and in accordance with EPA Guidance

Statement No. 41 (EPA 2004b) through the implementation of management measures and relevant

agreements with native title groups. Consistent with EPA objectives, the biophysical environment does not

adversely affect historical and cultural associations associated with the Proposal. Furthermore the

sourcing of borrow would be prioritised to avoid heritage values where practicable.


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10. Other relevant factors 10.1 Surface water 10.1.1 EPA objective To maintain the quantity and quality of water so that existing and potential environmental values,

including ecosystem maintenance, are protected.

To ensure that emissions do not adversely affect environmental values or the health, welfare or

amenity of people and land uses by meeting statutory requirements and acceptable standards. 10.1.2 Description of factor The location of the borrow pits are such to achieve free draining pits in accordance with RTIO-HSE-

0015216. Furthermore, the proposed borrow pits have been designed to avoid creeks and watercourses

(and riparian vegetation) where possible, this is evident in the sectioned design of BP 81.5. The design of

BP 70 and BP 70.6 were also refined in order to avoid surface drainage lines, riparian vegetation and be

further from the drainage system (Western Creek). 10.1.3 Assessment of potential impacts Activities or aspects of the Proposal that may result in adverse impacts to surface water include:

• creation of borrow pits which result change in landform may potentially affect surface water

flow paths and drainage in the borrow pit areas

• alteration of drainage within the Proposal area may occur with sheet flows being locally

concentrated by culverts which will result in localised increases in flow velocity and potentially soil

erosion. This may affect some flora individuals within the immediate vicinity of the culverts. 10.1.4 Proposed management actions The proposed borrow pits are positioned to maintain stream flow regimes as near as practicable. Surface

water values within MCNP will be maintained through meeting the objectives outlined in the BPMP, MCNP

Management Plan and Rio Tinto standard specifications and design. These measures include culvert

design and undertaking stabilisation including:

• maintaining existing drainage patterns

• identifying drainage requirements and sizing culverts prior to borrow pit development

• culverts accommodating seasonal flows and flood events to Rio Tinto standards

• designing final landforms in rehabilitation areas to be self-draining

• undertaking works in accordance with approvals and permits under section 17 of the RIWI Act

where required

• implementing erosion control measures to ensure surface water runoff does not lead to erosion or

sedimentation.

The borrow pits have been designed to be positioned away from creek lines. Additionally, abstraction of

material from pits in low lying areas near Western Creek and the Harding River will be managed to ensure

minimal impact on flows occurs through careful abstraction and immediate rehabilitation of parts of the pits

that are no longer required.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 62

10.2 Noise 10.2.1 EPA objective The EPA objective for noise is:

To protect the amenity of nearby residents from noise impacts resulting from activities associated

with the proposal by ensuring the noise levels meet statutory requirements and acceptable

standards. 10.2.2 Description of factor Noise will be generated during the construction and operations of the proposed borrow pits with the

potential to impact the amenity of people using the park for leisure activities. 10.2.3 Assessment of potential impacts Activities or aspects of borrow pit operations that may result in noise emissions include:

• excavation of borrow material

• crushing of borrow material

• transportation including haulage and light traffic on unsealed roads.

The area is isolated from communities therefore there are no sensitive receptors in the area. However

noise may impact the amenity of people using the park undertaking activities such as bush walking and

camping. The borrow pits are located at least 15 km away from the nearest campground therefore impacts

to overnight visitors using the campgrounds in the park are not expected to occur. Noise may be audible

to walkers in the area however this is considered a transient impact. Noise may cause temporary localised

displacement of fauna species, it is, however, unlikely the behaviour of the wildlife would be disrupted in

the long term. 10.2.4 Proposed management actions Management measures to control noise will include:

• operation of the crushing plant to comply with the Environmental Protection (Noise) Regulations

1997 and Mines Safety Inspection Regulations 1995

• fitting vehicles and stationary items of equipment with exhaust mufflers as appropriate

• screening or enclosing motors, pumps and other stationary items of equipment as practicable

• routine maintenance of plant and equipment

• provision of personal protective equipment for operators. 10.3 Dust 10.3.1 EPA objective The EPA objective for air quality is:

To ensure that emissions do not adversely affect environment values or the health, welfare and

amenity of people and land uses by meeting statutory requirements and acceptable standards.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 63

10.3.2 Description of factor An increase in dust will be generated during the construction and operations of the proposed borrow pits

mainly through vehicle and equipment disturbances. Materials transfer operations and In dry, windy

conditions, particles can also be lifted from open or disturbed areas, resulting in visible dust emissions.

The generation of dust as a result of borrow pit operations will depend on the following factors:

• the frequency at which a dust generating activity takes place

• meteorological conditions, such as wind speed and rain

• composition of dust, including particle size distribution, particle density and moisture content

• the condition of the source (dry or otherwise). 10.3.3 Assessment of potential impacts Activities or aspects of borrow pit operations that may result in dust emissions include:

• physical disturbance to the land surface during construction of infrastructure (removal of

vegetation, blasting, cutting and filling)

• transportation including haulage and light traffic on unsealed roads

• materials transfer and crushing

• dust lift-off from dry, cleared areas and soil stockpiles.

Dust may have physical effects on plants, although this is likely to be restricted to immediate peripheral

vegetation and will be of a short duration until pits are rehabilitated. Intermittent rainfall events are

expected to remove dust deposited on leaves. Dust can also adversely affect human health where there

are nearby residence, this is not a factor due to the absence of any nearby residents. 10.3.4 Proposed management actions Management measures to control dust will include:

• application of water to dry surfaces including the rail formation, access roads, working surfaces

and stockpiles

• minimisation of the amount of vegetation cleared

• clearing of work areas only as they are required to limit the extent of soil surfaces exposed at any

time

• progressive rehabilitation of disturbed areas to minimise total exposed area

• implementation of water mist sprays on each feed and transfer point of the crushing plant

• reduction of vehicle speeds on unsealed roads and tracks.

Through implementation of the above control measures together with the short duration of exposure and

emissions during construction and operation, it is expected that dust emissions will not give rise to

significant impacts on the community or vegetation. 10.4 Greenhouse gases 10.4.1 EPA objective In most circumstances, the EPA applies the following objective to the assessment of Proposals where

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are a relevant factor:

To minimise emissions to levels as low as practicable on an ongoing basis and consider offsets to

further reduce cumulative emissions.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 64

10.4.2 Description of factor The excavation and operations of the proposed borrow pits will result in greenhouse gas emissions from

vegetation clearing and diesel/fuel consumption from vehicles and machinery. 10.4.3 Assessment of potential impacts Activities or aspects of borrow pit operations that may result in GHG emissions include:

• combustion of diesel fuels in electricity generation, mobile plant, equipment and vehicles 10.4.4 Proposed management actions The Proponent is committed to minimising emissions to levels as low as reasonably practicable on an

ongoing basis through implementation of the following management actions:

• ensure appropriate monitoring systems (flow meters and construction power usage, calibration

records) are established for the recording and reporting of GHG emissions

• all personnel will be made aware of any project-specific GHG reduction or energy efficiency

programs in place and their associated targets

• GHG emissions to be recorded and provided monthly to the Rio Tinto Iron Ore Environmental

Protection (RTIOEP) Site Environmental Advisor as per the Rio Tinto environmental monthly

report template. Both National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGERS) and non-NGERS

data is required

• to ensure energy efficient design and identify improvement opportunities, energy efficiency to be

included as part of environmental design review

• minimising the amount of vegetation cleared

• regular maintenance and servicing of equipment.

Rio Tinto will maintain an inventory of GHG emissions and will continue to report greenhouse gas

emissions and greenhouse intensity in its annual Environment Report, and as required under the National

Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007. Implementation of GHG and energy conservation measures

would reduce emissions and provide a mechanism for continuous improvement in GHG emissions

resulting from the Proposal. 10.5 Hydrocarbons and hazardous waste 10.5.1 EPA objective The environmental objectives for management of potential polluting substances are:

To ensure that land uses and activities that may emit or cause pollution are managed to maintain:

• physical and biological environment and the natural processes that support life

• the health, welfare and amenity of people and land uses (EPA 2008b).

To ensure that emissions do not adversely affect environment values or the health, welfare and

amenity of people and land uses by meeting statutory requirements and acceptable standards. 10.5.2 Description of factor While bulk hydrocarbons will not be stored within MCNP, wherever chemicals, hydrocarbons and other

hazardous materials are stored, transported or handled, there is potential for soil, groundwater or surface

water pollution to occur through spills. Hydrocarbons such as diesel will be used by light and heavy

vehicles and equipment, groundwater quality and oil could potentially be affected by spills of

hydrocarbons, however this risk will be minimised by Rio Tinto standard management controls.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 65

10.5.3 Assessment of potential impacts Hydrocarbons and hazardous substances have the potential to result in the following impacts if not

managed correctly. These include:

• discharge to the environment, contaminating surface and groundwater’s, atmosphere and soil

• creation of acute and/or chronic health hazards

• creation of flammable or explosive safety hazards. 10.5.4 Proposed management actions The following management actions will be implemented in order to prevent and/or manage any spills:

• Designated refuelling areas

• Tank, pipe and bunding design and construction would comply with all relevant regulations under

the Dangerous Goods Act 2004

• Spills to be managed according to RTIO Spill Response Work Practice (RTIO-HSE-0010867)

procedures.

Hydrocarbons and hazardous substances will be managed in accordance with:

• Dangerous Goods Safety (Storage and Handling of Non–explosives) Regulations 2007

• Australian Standard 1940 – 2004 (Storage and Handling of Flammable and Combustible Liquids)

• Storage and handling of dangerous goods Code of Practice (DMP 2010). 10.6 Solid and liquid waste management 10.6.1 EPA objective The environmental objectives for solid waste are:

To ensure that land uses and activities that may emit or cause pollution are managed to maintain:

• physical and biological environment and the natural processes that support life

• the health, welfare and amenity of people and land uses.

To ensure that pollutants emitted are as low as reasonably practicable, and comply with all statutory

requirements and acceptable standards. 10.6.2 Description of factor Wastes likely to be generated during construction and operation of the Proposal include:

• waste oils and solvents

• maintenance parts, scrap metal

• other solid wastes. 10.6.3 Assessment of potential impact If disposal of solid and liquid waste is not managed effectively, waste generated from the operation has the

potential to result in the following impacts:

• potential contamination of the receiving environment (surface soil, natural drainage features,

surface water and groundwater)

• degraded amenity and hygiene.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 66

10.6.4 Proposed management actions Solid putrescible and inert waste will be collected and disposed off-site at an appropriately licensed facility.

Other controlled waste (e.g. oily rags) will be appropriately stored until collection by a controlled waste

contractor for disposal off-site to an appropriately licensed facility.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 67

11. Environmental Offsets Offsets are actions to address significant residual environmental impacts of a development or activity.

Wherever possible, a ‘like for like’ approach should be taken, such that the offset measure should target

the specific environmental value being impacted by the proposed action.

There are two categories of environmental offsets, recognized by both State and Commonwealth

governments:

• direct offsets, which are actions providing for on-ground improvement, rehabilitation and

conservation of habitat on a ‘like for like’ basis. These include the acquisition, restoration,

revegetation and rehabilitation of areas outside the proposal footprint

• indirect offsets are actions aimed at improving scientific knowledge or community awareness of

environmental values that are impacted by a development or activity and may include research or

contributions to existing government initiatives, policies or strategic funds.

Proponents increasingly have to plan for and provide offsets during approvals for new and existing

projects. The offsets are required to be a mix of direct and indirect offsets, that should aim to achieve net

environmental benefits being provided for different aspects of the environment in the same location.

Offsets packages vary depending on the type of project, the environment being impacted and the

significance of the impact on the environment. Environmental offsets should still meet all planning,

statutory and regulatory requirements and be prepared and presented to the regulators in a way that

meets their administrative requirements. 11.1 Offset evaluation Rio Tinto has identified the need to consider provision of an environmental offset for potential significant

residual environmental impacts to high value environmental assets remaining after on-site mitigation

efforts to avoid, minimise, rectify and reduce impacts have been applied. Offsets have been the subject of

discussions between Rio Tinto, OEPA and DEC (See Table 4). The requirement for offsets for the

Proposal is considered according to Guidance Statement 19 in Table 17. The offsets strategy devised in

consultation with OEPA is provided in Appendix 4.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 68

Table 17 Environmental offsets reporting form

Section A: Administrative information

1. Proposal or scheme name: Borrow Pits in Millstream Chichester National Park (MCNP)

2. Summary of proposal or scheme:

The proposed borrow pits required for the construction and operation of ongoing rail operational and maintenance needs, and to support future rail duplication projects within the boundary of MCNP. This is the first component of a phased project comprising:

• Stage One Borrow Pit Project- the development of seven borrow pits within the boundary of MCNP

• Stage Two Borrow Pit Project - the development of borrow pits, to the south of Stage One within MCNP and within KNP.

This evaluation of offsets is for Stage One only and Stage Two will be the subject of a future proposal and offset evaluation.

Section B: Type of environmental asset (s) – State whether Critical or High Value, describe the environmental values and attributes

The Proposal is considered to impact the following ‘critical’ assets as defined in EPA Position Statement No. 9: Environmental Offsets (EPA 2006a) :

Critical asset category (i) Public Conservation Reserve System due to the location of borrow pits within the boundaries of MCNP (90.25 ha within MCNP tenure of which 4.05 ha has previously been disturbed).

The native vegetation within the borrow pits, although not representing conservation significant vegetation or flora, has been determined to be largely in good to excellent condition over 86.2 ha with the remaining 4.05 ha identified as completely degraded.

High value environmental assets are assets that are in Good to Excellent condition, are considered valuable by the community and/or government, but are not identified as ‘critical’ assets (EPA 2006a). The Project area does not contain any High Value assets.

Section C: Significant impacts (describe the significant adverse environmental impacts related to the proposal or scheme before mitigation measures are applied)

The borrow pits will be progressively rehabilitated (over a 5 year period) therefore any impact is considered to be temporary.

Potential temporary impacts on critical or high value assets from the Proposal are:

• clearing of vegetation will directly reduce the extent of vegetation communities in good to excellent condition

• clearing of vegetation will directly disturb fauna habitat and will result in the displacement of fauna and may results in the loss of individuals of some terrestrial fauna species

• passage of increased vehicle and personnel into the park, clearing of vegetation and disturbance of the topsoil may result in increased opportunity for the proliferation of weed species.

Continued


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 69

Section D: Mitigation measures (describe all measures to Avoid, Minimise, Rectify and Reduce)

Mitigation measures to avoid, minimise, rectify and reduce temporary and residual impacts of the Proposal on environmental assets include:

Avoid:

• the design of the Proposal has sought to avoid:

• location of weeds

• drainage channels and high value riparian vegetation along drainage channels

• known aboriginal heritage sites.

Minimise:

• potential impact from the borrow pits was reduced by location of the pits in close proximity to the infrastructure corridor where previous disturbance has occurred and visual amenity is already impacted

• the selection of the proposed borrow pit areas considered the extent of previous disturbance in the area to minimise new disturbance

• the spread and/or introduction of weeds to the Proposal Area will be mitigated by the implementation of strict weed hygiene measures

• no soil for rehabilitation purposes will be transported into the MCNP areas unless it has been sterilised

• borrow pits will be designed to prevent water accumulation (free draining to minimise erosion).

Rectify and Reduce:

• the impact of the Proposal will be rectified by rehabilitation of pits to restore the landscape as soon as possible. The impact of the borrow pits will be reduced throughout the operation of the Proposal by progressive opening and closing of borrow pits as borrow is required and pit borrow resources are utilised i.e., the borrow pits will not all be open at one time.

Section E: Significant residual impacts (describe all the significant adverse residual impacts that remain after all mitigation attempts have been exhausted)

• following rehabilitation the borrow pit areas will have altered landform, combined with the disturbance of the surface layer this has the potential to lead to an alteration in the vegetation composition and condition compared that existing prior to disturbance. Due to the location of the Proposal within MCNP the residual impact of the borrow pits is considered to be significant.

Section F: Proposed offsets for each significant residual impact (identify direct and contributing offsets). Include a description of the land tenure and zoning / reservation status of the proposed offset site. Identify any encumbrances or other restrictions on the land that may impact the implementation of the proposed offset and provide evidence demonstrating how these issues have been resolved.

• the borrow pits are considered temporary disturbance to MCNP, however, it is recognised that there will be a residual impact due to rehabilitation not being able to fully restore the landform and vegetation back to pre-disturbance condition. The requirement for environmental offsets for the Proposal has been discussed during consultation between Rio Tinto and DEC, it has been agreed that offsets for the borrow pits will be in the form of management of fire and threatening processes (i.e., weeds) within the national park.

Section G: Spatial data relating to offset site/s (see EPA Guidance Statement No. 19: environmental offsets- biodiversity, Appendix 4)

Not Applicable.

Section H: Relevant data sources and evidence of consultation (consultation with agencies, relevant stakeholders, community and references to sources of data / information). Include details of specific environmental, technical or other relevant advice and information obtained to assist in the formulation of the offset.

Additional technical detail has been provided in the body of the API document.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 70

12. Conclusion The key environmental factors that will potentially be impacted by the proposal were identified through

consultation with the Proponent, government agencies and stakeholders. These factors, which were taken

into regard during design of the Proposal, are:

• flora and vegetation: spread of weeds and impact to MCNP

• fauna: impact to fauna habitat

• visual amenity

• Aboriginal heritage. 12.1 Environmental impacts and mitigation Potential environmental impacts of the Proposal after proposed management measures have been

implemented are:

1. Disturbance of up to 118.18 ha of native vegetation, 13.15 ha which has been previously disturbed,

this will be progressively rehabilitated over the life of the proposed borrow pits in accordance with

MCNP management objectives.

2. No expected impact to flora of conservation significance and TECs.

3. No significant effect on the distribution of vegetation communities since the vegetation communities

to be disturbed are widely spread throughout the Pilbara region.

4. Loss of terrestrial fauna habitat is not expected to have a significant effect on the representation of

fauna at a local or regional level.

5. Impacts to MCNP will be minimised through strict weed hygiene controls.

6. Offsets in the form of management of threatening processes will lead to a net positive impact to the

local environment.


PIR11094 01_R005_Rev 2 6-Sep-12 71

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prepared for Rio Tinto by Astron Environmental Services, Perth, WA.

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Environmental Services, Perth, Western Australia.

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Australia, prepared by the Australian Weeds Committee, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.

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April 2012].

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Beard1975, Vegetation Survey of Western Australia. 1:1,000,000 Vegetation Series Map Sheet 5 –

Pilbara.

Beard 1980, A new phytoeographic map of Western Australia, Western Australian Herbarium Research

Notes 3:45

Biota 2008a, A Vegetation and Flora Survey of the Rio Tinto Rail Duplication Project–Cape Lambert to

Emu Siding, prepared for Rio Tinto, Biota Environmental Sciences, Leederville.

Biota 2008b Rio Tinto Rail Duplication Development Area 02 (Chainage 84): native Vegetation Clearing

Permit Report, prepared for Rio Tinto Iron Ore, August 2008.

Biota 2008b, Rio Tinto Rail Duplication Fauna Survey: Cape Lambert to Emu Siding, prepared for Rio

Tinto, Biota Environmental Sciences, Leederville, Western Australia.

Biota 2011a, Millstream Rail Corridor Targeted Weed Survey – 69 km to 82 km, draft report prepared for

Rio Tinto, Biota Environmental Sciences, Leederville, Western Australia.

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Melbourne, Victoria. Available from: http://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/data/index.shtml Accessed

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Lambert to Emu Siding Rail Duplication, Calibre Rail, Perth, Western Australia..

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species located in the Species Profile and Threats database. (SPRAT), [Online], available

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Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) 2002a. Position Statement No. 3 Terrestrial Biological Surveys

as an Element of Biodiversity Protection, Environment Protection Authority, Perth, Western Australia.

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Dampier to Mt Tom Price Rail Line, Rio Tinto Pty Ltd, Perth, Western Australia.

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Appendix 1 Borrow Pit Management Plan

Appendix 2 Studies undertaken

Appendix 2

The following supporting documents are contained on a CD provided with this document.

Desktop studies

• Department of Indigenous Affairs 2012, Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System, Western Australian

Government, available online at: http://www.dia.wa.gov.au/AHIS/default.aspx [accessed 22 March

2012].

• Department of Environment and Conservation 2012, NatureMap Species Report, Western

Australian Government, available online at: http://naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au/default.aspx

[accessed 5 April 2012].

• Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities 2012 EPBC Act

Protected Matters Report, available online at: http://www.environment.gov.au/arcgis-

framework/apps/pmst/pmst.jsf [accessed 23 March 2012].

Studies undertaken

• Astron 2011, Cape Lambert to Emu Siding–Baseline Weed Survey September –October 2011,

draft report prepared for Rio Tinto by Astron Environmental Services, Perth, WA.

• Astron 2012, Borrow Pit Project Stage 1 Weed Mapping Survey, prepared for Rio Tinto by Astron

Environmental Services, Perth, WA.

• Biota 2008a, A Vegetation and Flora Survey of the Rio Tinto Rail Duplication Project–Cape

Lambert to Emu Siding, prepared for Rio Tinto, Biota Environmental Sciences, Leederville.

• Biota 2008b, Rio Tinto Rail Duplication Fauna Survey: Cape Lambert to Emu Siding, prepared for

Rio Tinto, Biota Environmental Sciences, Leederville.

• Biota 2011a, Millstream Rail Corridor Targeted Weed Survey – 69 km to 82 km, draft report

prepared for Rio Tinto, Biota Environmental Sciences, Leederville.

• Biota 2011b Millstream Proposed Borrow Pits: Flora and Vegetation Report, prepared for Rio

Tinto, Biota Environmental Sciences, Leederville.

• Ecoscape 2012, Stage 1 Strategic Borrow Pit Visual Impact Assessment, Ecoscape, North

Fremantle, Western Australia.


on the Dampier to Mt Tom Price Rail Line, Rio Tinto Pty Ltd, Perth.

Appendix 3 Visual montages of stage one proposed borrow pits

Appendix 4 Rio Tinto Proposed Offset Package - Confidential

Stage One of the Borrow Pit Project in Millstream ...€¦ · (API) for the Cape Lambert to Emu Siding Rail Duplication Project. A number of borrow pits were identified in consultation

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