STADIUM Software Overview Durability and Service Life of Concrete Structures Eric Samson Cementitious Barriers Partnership SIMCO Technologies Inc. August 2014
STADIUM Software Overview
Durability and Service Life of Concrete Structures
Eric SamsonCementitious Barriers Partnership
SIMCO Technologies Inc.
August 2014
Hanford Training, August 2014 2CBP/SIMCO
Who we are
SIMCO is a specialized engineering firm entirely dedicated to the
durability of concrete structures.
3CBP/SIMCO
Who we are
Design Construction Maintenance Rehabilitation
Cum
ulat
ive
Dam
age
Time
CURRENT CONDITION
REPAIR
WITHOUTINTERVENTION
Hanford Training, August 2014
4CBP/SIMCO
Who we are
Hanford Training, August 2014
5CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Overview
STADIUM® models the transport of chemical species in cementitious materials resulting from exchanges at the material/environment interface.
Exchanges
Transport(dissolved species in pores)
Chemistry(Interaction of dissolved species with hydrated cement)
Hanford Training, August 2014
6CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Overview
Hanford Training, August 2014
7CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Overview
Hanford Training, August 2014
Specific geometryof the structure
Influence of local materials
Influence of localexposure conditions
Multipledegradationphenomena
Rehabilitationanalyses
8CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Overview
Hanford Training, August 2014
The U.S. Department of Defense recognizes STADIUM® as the only accurate numerical solution for the prediction of long‐term behavior of reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments.
Since 2010, STADIUM® is specified in the Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS).
It is used to select concrete mixtures for marine applications, based on specified performance targets.
9CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Overview
Hanford Training, August 2014
Input parameters:• Material
properties• Environment• Geometry
Transport Module
Chemistry Module
Model output
End of calculation?
Next tim
e step
The model is divided in 2 main modules:
• The transport module makes the species move during one time step,
• The chemistry module simulates the reactions between species in the pores and the hydrated paste.No
Yes
10CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Overview
Hanford Training, August 2014
Input parameters:• Material
properties• Environment• Geometry
Transport Module
Chemistry Module
Model output
End of calculation?
Next tim
e step
No
Yes
• Coupled species diffusion• Moisture/Temperature coupling• Transport of main species• Feedback effect• Time‐dependent transport
properties (hydration)• Time‐dependent B.C.
11CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Overview
Hanford Training, August 2014
Input parameters:• Material
properties• Environment• Geometry
Transport Module
Chemistry Module
Model output
End of calculation?
Next tim
e step
No
Yes
• Local Equilibrium Assumption• Dissolution/precipitation• Solid solutions• Chemical/Pitzer database in separate
text file• Effect of temperature on chemistry
12CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Lab Modules
Hanford Training, August 2014
Characterization of concrete mixtures
Evaluation of transport properties –Input to STADIUM®
PermeabilityMoisture isotherm
TortuosityDiffusion coefficients
Drying test Migration test
13CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Lab Modules
Hanford Training, August 2014
The test methods are part of Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) 03 31 29 (February 2010) test protocol
• US Navy (NAVFAC ESC)• USACE• USAF• NASA
14CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Input
Hanford Training, August 2014
Mechanisms Properties Lab tests
Electrodiffusion of species
Diffusion coefficient Migration test
Porosity ASTM C642
Moisture transport (liquid & vapor)
Permeability Drying test
Moisture isotherm Drying test
Heat conductionThermal conductivity Estimated
Heat capacity Estimated
Transport equations
15CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Input
Hanford Training, August 2014
Chemistry
INPUT TO CHEMISTRYMODULE
• Mix composition• Cement chemistry• SCMs chemistry• Chemistry database• Pitzer parameters
CALCULATEDPARAMETERS
• Hydrated cement paste composition
• Pore solution composition
16CBP/SIMCO
STADIUM Input
Hanford Training, August 2014
Time‐dependent boundary conditions
Exposure to deicing saltsduring winter
After a one-year cycle, the model goes back to the beginningof the year. The cycle is repeated.
17CBP/SIMCO
Using STADIUM
Hanford Training, August 2014
New structures Existing structures
Input values
Calculations
OUTPUT
Input values
Calculations
OUTPUT
18CBP/SIMCO
Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Hanford Training, August 2014
Current ageof the structure
10 years
Corrosioninitiation
Time to initiate corrosion
19CBP/SIMCO
Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Hanford Training, August 2014
Maintenance options
Membrane
Overlay
Patch Repair
No RepairChloride content at first rebar
20CBP/SIMCO
Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Hanford Training, August 2014
Simulating past exposure sequences
21CBP/SIMCO
Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Hanford Training, August 2014
Simulating past exposure sequences
Overlay Original Concrete
22CBP/SIMCO
Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Hanford Training, August 2014
Simulating past exposure sequences
23CBP/SIMCO
Using STADIUM – New Structures
Hanford Training, August 2014
Kentucky University –Concrete Mix Design
CaseStudies
24CBP/SIMCO
Using STADIUM – New Structures
Hanford Training, August 2014
STADIUM® SpecifiedKilo Wharf Extension
CaseStudies
Kilo Wharf Extension US NAVY, GUAM
25CBP/SIMCO
Using STADIUM – New Structures
Hanford Training, August 2014
Panama Canal –Third Set of Locks
CaseStudies
26CBP/SIMCO
Using STADIUM – New Structures
Hanford Training, August 2014
Panama Canal –Third Set of Locks
CaseStudies
High Water Mark
Two Coring‐Drill Diameter
0.5 ‐ 1 m
27CBP/SIMCO
Probabilistic approach
Hanford Training, August 2014
A probabilistic engine can handle calculations considering the distribution of key parameters:
• Transport properties,• Concrete cover,• Exposure conditions,• Corrosion threshold.
Transportproperties
Exposureconditions
NDT / Rebardepth
Prob
abilisticLayer
Rosenb
luethpo
int e
st.
28CBP/SIMCO
Probabilistic approach
Hanford Training, August 2014
29CBP/SIMCO
Probabilistic approach
Hanford Training, August 2014
STADIUM®
Corrosion Simulations
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES EXPOSURE MAP REBAR DEPTH
30CBP/SIMCO
Asset Management
Hanford Training, August 2014
1400 -1800
1800 - 1900
1929 – 1949
1948 - 1957
1960 - 1970
1970 – 2008
2008 - 2030
1934 - 1946
KMS ‐ Kademuren Modellering Systeem
31CBP/SIMCO
Asset Management
Hanford Training, August 2014
KMS ‐ Kademuren Modellering Systeem
STEP 1
037‐KAD‐001‐A
Inspection Request
Concrete
Steel
Coring
Visual Inspection
Pitting Evaluation
Corrosion Measurements
Mechanical Testing
STADIUM® Testing
037‐KAD‐001‐B 037‐KAD‐001‐C
32CBP/SIMCO
Asset Management
Hanford Training, August 2014
KMS ‐ Kademuren Modellering Systeem
For each Zone/Element combination
Degradation Analysisper Zone and ElementEvaluate Degradation
with STADIUM®
STEP 2
Schedule NextInspection
Close MonitoringRequired
Repair
Select the most critical Zone/Element combination
Critical Year(Trigger/Intervention)
Maintenance Proposal
Post Treatment Analysis
33CBP/SIMCO
CBP Test Case
Hanford Training, August 2014
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Concretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
mConcretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
m
34CBP/SIMCO
CBP Test Case
Hanford Training, August 2014
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Concretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
mConcretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
m
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Position (cm)
Solid
pha
se c
onte
nt (g
/kg)
PortlanditeCaH2SiO4EttringiteMonosulfateC4AH13CalciteMonocarboal
Concrete Saltstone
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Position (cm)
Solid
pha
se c
onte
nt (g
/kg)
PortlanditeCaH2SiO4EttringiteMonosulfateC4AH13CalciteMonocarboal
Concrete Saltstone
Minerals after 5000 years
35CBP/SIMCO
CBP Test Case
Hanford Training, August 2014
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Concretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
mConcretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
m
Species (liquid phase) after 5000 years
36CBP/SIMCO
CBP Test Case
Hanford Training, August 2014
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Concretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
mConcretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
m
Time (years)
SO4
Conc
entr
atio
n (m
mol
/L)
1 10 100 1000 100000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Time (years)
SO4
Conc
entr
atio
n (m
mol
/L)
1 10 100 1000 100000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sulfate concentration at the concrete/saltstone interface
37CBP/SIMCO
CBP Test Case
Hanford Training, August 2014
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Concretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
mConcretebarrier
Waste material(saltstone)
Soil
x = L
x = 0
20 c
m
Position of the ettringite front