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BABYBENEFITS FOR BREAST FEEDINGTo the baby

Provides good nutrition. Breast milk is all the food and drink the baby needs from birth up to 6 months of age. It has the essential nutrients to help the baby grow and is easily digested and absorbed.

Provides immunity and protection against illnesses especially when colostrum is given. Colostrum is the thick, yellowish substance from the breast produced in the first few days after birth. It contains antibodies that give immunity and protection against infections, allergies and diseases, resulting to less frequent or less severe infections.

To the mother Aids in the contraction of the uterus to normal size

and prevents post-delivery bleeding. Provides a natural contraceptive that helps in child

spacing allowing the mother's body to "recover" from the demands of pregnancy. It therefore, helps in ensuring the good nutritional and health status of the mother.

Lowers risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Does not add to the chores of the mother since there

are no bottles to be washed and sterilized, no milk formulas to prepare.

To the baby and mother Helps establish and strengthen emotional bond

between baby and mother. Mother feels satisfied feeding the baby and baby

feels secure.To the family

Saves money that would otherwise be spent for buying infant formula, feeding bottles, and fuel.

To the community Helps in developing healthy children and adults who

can contribute to socio-economic development. Saves money that would have otherwise been used

for sickly children.

HOW TO STERILIZE FEEDING BOTTLES / WASHING FEEDING BOTTLE.

Wash your hands Assemble the equipment Detach all nipples, lids, caps, bottles, pacifier and

teeter and soak them in a soapy water. Rinse in water.

Put all bottles on the rack inside the sterilizer, put water, cover and start the flame

Boil for 25 minutes from the boiling point. Upon boiling put nipples, lid, cover & pacifier.

Remove from flame and let it cool Put on rack and put right amount of water. Cover.

PROPER WAYS TO BOTTLE FEED A BABY Test a few drops of milk on your wrist, not too

cold not too hot. If hot, soak bottle on bowl with cold water and if cold soak it on warm water. Do not put it inside microware, it may break.

Make yourself and baby comfortable, hold baby in half sitting position with his head on crook of

your elbow and his back along with your forearm to allow him to swallow safety and easily.

Gently stroke the nipple of feeding bottle to lips to elicit sucking reflex, then insert nipple.

Tilt the bottle if it is emptying to avoid air to enter stomach.

Make a pleasant feeding by talking and smiling at him.

Discard the left over formula and wash the bottle cap and nipple after feeding.

THINGS TO CONSIDER DURING BOTTLE FEEDING Make sure the formula is fresh and the bottle

have been properly stored. Follow the mothers wishes as to the temperature

of the bottle when the baby is feed. Babies should be held while they are given

bottles Do not leave the baby while hey are drinking

bottle Hold the bottle so that the nipple is full of

formula and the baby does not suck air.

REASONS WHY BABY CRY Wet nappies Colicky Hunger Baby want to be cuddled Temperature’s too hot or cold Insect bites Needs sleep

PREPARING MILK FORMULA FOR THE BABY Wash your hands In making formula, get the bottle with right amount

of water. Use a measuring scoop to put on milk, use back of

the knife to level of each scoopful. Do not pack the formula down into the scoop.

Never add extra formula to avoid concentration and constipation.

Shake well one the sideways, make sure there are no lumps of milk.

KINDS OF MILK FORMULA Cows milk Soy-based milk Goats milk Elemental Lactose free

WAYS TO BURP THE BABY Over the shoulder - place the baby high an the

check with the baby’s head peeking over the shoulder while supporting the back and buttocks.

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Gently rub or pat the baby’s back until you hear a burp.

Across/ over the lap - place the baby on his tummy across the lap. Gently rub the baby’s back until you hear a burp.

Sitting position and lean forward the baby - sit the baby sideway on your lap. Support the chin and the neck and chest of the baby. Rub the back of the baby until you hear a burp.

Agree / Disagree - Warm and fresh milk is offered and fed while the baby is lying on the crib then bottle is an top of the pillow. Defend your answer.

Milk should not be given in lying position because babies should be held while they are given bottles. Do not leave the baby alone with the bottle because you have to hold the bottle so that the nipple is full of formula to prevent choking and colic. Do not put pillow on the crib because pillow my suffocate the baby.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IF THE CHILD IS HAVING TEMPER TANTRUM?

Ignore the behavior but still with close supervision. If tantrum has subsided, approach the child as if nothing happened.

WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO TOILETRAIN A CHILD?

At the age of 18 months, but it depends upon the willingness readiness of the child to learn.

HOW WILL YOU HANDLE A CASE WHERE IN THERE IS SIBLING RIVALRY?

Directly ask what is the problem and look for solution to settle down the rivalry. In this case, there must be equal attention and equal distribution of shame.

BATHING AN INFANT - PROCEDURE Wash your hand check the temperature of the

baby using rectal thermometer. If normal, proceed with the bathing.

Bathing is done in the kitchen or near the sink, and there is no best time to bathe the baby as long as it is safe for the baby and will give comfort for her.

Assemble the equipment Check water temperature using your elbow. Water

should not be too deep or too shallow. Place baby on rubber pad, start with face using cotton

ball. Wipe eyes from inner to outer cantus. Wipe face using the stroke of 3.

Wrap the baby’s body with a towel and hold in football carry.

Put right amount of shampoo on your palm and shampoo baby’s hair and rinse it on tub. Pat Dry.

Undress the baby. Remove the nappy and discard it properly

Wash baby’s body, limbs, back and perineum. Rinse on tub then dry on towel.

Place baby on changing table with prepare clean dress and nappy.

Put on nappy, dress the baby. Put on mittens and booties.

Wrap baby with cellular blanket.

THINGS TO CONSIDER IN DRESSING A CHILD Weather condition Age Childs cultural background

PREVENTION OF NAPPY RASH Use cream or jelly with zinc oxide and apply it

on buttocks Don’t ignore the baby if it start showing irritation

with the nappy Never leave a baby with wet nappy, always

change it whenever possible Keep a close watch on the hygiene of the baby Change the brand of diaper if rashes continue.

PROPER WAY OF CHANGING DIAPERS Baby’s diaper are change whenever they become

wet with urine or soiled with feces. Wash the genitals and perineum carefully and thoroughly from front to back.

If the baby is new born, the cord circumcision is to be cleansed at this time.

Cream, lotion or powder is applied after the area is cleaned. The clean diaper should fit well and not be too tight or too loose.

HOW TO CHANGE DIAPER TO CHILD? Gather all items before starting. This includes the

diaper, wipes, a cover cloth for little boy and diaper rash ointment, if needed and a change of cloths if needed. You will not step away from changing are one you begin. It doesn’t matter how bad the child needs changing, its a matter of safety. Lay the child on a flat surface, preferably with a towel underwear them, so they will be comfortable and not squirm. Remove any outerwear that impedes changing diaper.

Open a clean diaper and lay it underneath the baby soiled one. (this keeps the surface clean if baby decides to go while you are replacing the diaper. Remove the straps of the diaper with baby’s leg down. Take the front flap of the diaper and lay it down. Make sure the baby bottom is still on the back flap of the diaper.

Gently grab the ankles of the child with one hand and raise them so that the child’s bottom is off the diaper but the lower back is still on it. Remove the soiled diaper to the side, getting the stuff out of the way, while you clean up baby (this keeps the mess to a minimum). Keep these things out of reach of the baby and out of the way of his or her feet.

Grab a baby wipe. Clean where the baby soiled. Wipe front to back, instead of back to front. For

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less change of possible infection. Check that all skin folds and such are clean.

Keep baby’s bottom up while you wipe the large bits of stool off first, then the rest of it. It usually will take about 4-6 wipes for a really messy diaper. As you used the wipes, place the used ones on top of the soiled diaper that your just removed. You should still be holding the child bottom up by the ankles.

Fold the dirty diaper in half with your free hand to keep the soil and wipes inside while you finish the job. Use the tabs to make it all into one tight bundle.

Lower the child gently onto the new diaper. Bring the flap forward and tape it to the back flap round the child’s waist, making sure its not too tight. Also make sure that the ruffle is out around the leg to prevent leaks.

Pick up baby. If you need to change the baby’s clothes, do that now. If you need to clean the changing area, place baby n safe location like in the crib before doing so. If there is anything to launder pre-treat as necessary and proceed to launder.

Place the disposable diaper into a small plastic bag, seal and place it outside in a garbage can.

Put everything away. Cream, lotion and baby’s oil must be put somewhere safe as they can be harmful if swallowed by a child. Keep all of your diaper changing supplies where you will be able to find them quickly and easy each time you need them.

Wash your hand thoroughly and wipe the baby’s hand with another wipe if necessary.

WHAT WILL YOU DO WHEN YOU NEED TO GO OUT AND YOUR CHILD IS SLEEPING IN A CRIB?

Always lock the side rail of the crib. Remove all foreign object inside the crib Put soft cushion around the crib Let the door of the room slightly close to hear if the

baby is already awake. Ask somebody to watch for the baby until you come

back Don’t put to much pillow to prevent suffocation Mattress should be firm Keep plastic away from the infant to avoid

suffocation Do not leave the baby unattended.

HOW WOULD YOU KNOW IF THE INFANT OR TODDLER IS CHOKING?

Weak, ineffective cough High-pitched noises or inspiration Respiratory distress Inability to speak Cry of breath Cyanosis

WHAT WILL YOU DO IF AN INFANT IS CHOKING? For the infant, I will place the infant on my lap

while supporting the chest while the head is lower than the rest of his body and with the use of the heel of my hand. I will give five gentle back blows between the shoulder blade until the object is out.

HOW TO PREVENT CHOLIC (EXCESSIVE GAS IN THE STOMACH)

To prevent colic you have to burp the baby during the middle of the feeding or when half of the formula consumed and after feeding and do not leave the baby along with a bottle.

Do not over feed the baby.

WHAT IS THE RIGHT FOOD FOR GROWING CHILDREN?

A diet and energy requirement will vary among different children in this age depending on the level of physical activity, body size, present food intake, personal preference and presence of any medical history.

Encourage him eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, beans and spread

Carbohydrate can be gained from whole cereals, grains and its product.

Provide adequate fiber Include enough protein in his diet to grow Encourage him to drink plenty of water. Restrict to intake junk food and sweetened drink

and fried foods Calories and protein for growth and to build

muscle Protein, calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D, for

bone formation You have to give balance diet for an active child high

in carbohydrate, high in protein, vitamins and minerals and low fat and sugar.

Balance diet is food that contains the entire nutrient needed by the body.

WHAT IS THE PROPER MANAGEMENT OF A CHILD WHO IS HYPOACTIVE?

Give proper care to the child, encourage him to play with other children to exercise his body and brain. Proper good hygiene. Give him nutritious food except junk food. Increase fluid intake and give vitamins and minerals.

WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO IF THE CHILD HAVING FEBRILE SEIZURE?

Sponge the child with tepid water to prevent increase in temperature

Do not use alcohol or fold water in sponge bath Maintain an open airway Protect child from injury Assess the child constantly.

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WHAT WILL YOU DO IF A CHILD IS BEING ABUSED BY HIS / HER FATHER WHICH HAPPEN TO BE YOUR EMPLOYER.

I will tell my neighbor and friends about the incidents and ask for their advice and lastly I will report it to the concerned government agency regarding the matter.

CARE FOR CIRCUMCISION Be gentle when changing diaper or cleaning the

area Apply ointment prescribed by the doctors with each

diaper change. The area must be thoroughly cleaned every diaper

change.

CARE FOR THE UMBILICAL CORD Keep the diaper folded down away from the

cord. At every diaper change, check the baby’s cord. Wash the cord with plain rubbing alcohol on a

cotton ball. Never pull on the cord. Let it fall off by itself.

WHAT WILL YOU DO TO RELIEVE PAIN AND DISCOLORATION OF CHILD WHO FALLS DOWN W/ BRUISES

Apply cold ice application to constrict the blood vessels and dilate the blood vessels, with warm application to relieve pain and discoloration.

Use an ice bag to ease the swelling of a bump. Monitor for headache and vomiting.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IF A CHILD IS BEING BITTEN BY A BEE.

Remove the sting by scrapping it off using hard card such as ID or ATM etc. Do not use tweezers it will add poison.

Wash and rinse the wound with soap and luke warm water.

Cover it with dressing and bandage Ask to elevate the affected part to minimized

pain and swelling. If severe reaction, rush the victim to the nearest

hospital.

FIRST AID FOR DOG BITE Wash wound with soap and water. Let the would bleed a little to remove bacteria

left in the wound. Cover the wound with dressing and bandage. Rush the victim to the nearest hospital Instruct the owner of the dog not to kill or hurt

the dog. Observe the reaction of the dog for more than 7

weeks.

FIRST AID FOR SNAKE BITES Calm the victim and immobilize the affected part. Wash with soap and water

Apply lightly compress the limb above the wound with roller bandage.

Call 911 or rush to the nearest hospital Treat for shock If breathing stop, be ready to resuscitate.

FIRST AID FOR DROWNING Get the victim out of the water Check the airway, breathing and circulation Give AR / CPR if necessary Rush the victim to the nearest hospital

WHAT WILL YOU DO IF YOUR CLIENT GOT BITTEN BY A SPIDER

Wash with soap and water Apply calamine solution Cover with dressing and bandage Seek medical help

AGREE / DISAGREE - THE BABY SHOULD WEAR RUBBER PANTS?

Disagree - because to dress the baby you have to consider time, temperature of the baby, comfort and the weather because rubber pants is too hot during the day and some babies are allergic to rubber pants. They may also develop prickly heat.

ADULT

WHAT ARE THE PHYSICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING?

Dry skin Wrinkles Gray Hair Sagging skin Decrease pain sensation Decrease oil production Clouding of lens / decrease vision Decrease taste bud Decline smell

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Changing sleeping pattern / decrease sleep Stiffness of muscles Brittle Bone Alternation in bowel habit Less of teeth Incontinence Less balance mechanism Difficulty in swallowing Decrease action and response to time

WHAT ARE THE MENTAL CHANGES RELATED TO AGING?

Dementia Loss of memory Disorientation Fear of illness Anxious Depressed Low interest in things she enjoy before.

WHAT ARE THE THINGS THAT 65 YEARS OLD CLIENT HAVE ON HIS / HER SIDE.

Give emergency numbers Give schedule of medicine Give medicine Give cane or reading glass if needed. Give table lamps that can easily be turned on

beside the bed. Give them commode

WHAT ARE THE THINGS TO CONSIDER IF YOU HAVE SENIOR LIVING IN YOUR HOME?

Face the person and speak clearly and slowly. Explain what are your going to do and why Give short, clear and simple answer to question Do not rearrange furniture or the persons

belongings. Maintain a calm, released and peaceful atmosphere. Pay attention and make him feel important. Talk directly to the client in a respectful manner. Keep the room well lighted and maintain safe

environment.

WHAT ARE THE SAFETY PRECAUTION IF YOU HAVE CLIENT LIVING IN YOUR HOME?

Be sure to lock the brakes and any wheels on bed, stretcher and table.

Keep bed rails up and in locked position. Always use disposable gloves when in contact

with body fluid. Clean up spill immediately Be safety conscious at all time. Have adequate light rail on stain and washroom.

Remove obstacle.

HOW TO PROMOTE THE WELL BEING OF AN ELDERLY LIVING ALONE?

Maintain a safe environment Pay attention to the patient and make him feel

important.

Hove the patient personal belonging where he wants them.

Encourage the patient to interact with others Assist the patient to see himself as a valuable, needed

and successful person.

WHAT ARE THE PRECAUTION IF YOU HAVE A 52 YEAR OLD CLIENT TAKING AN OXYGEN THERAPHY.

No smoking tag Verbally instruct the client and relative about the

hazard of smoking with oxygen in used. Inspect all electrical equipment with in the

vicinity Don’t allow the patient to used any electrical

equipment during oxygen therapy. Make known the location of fire extinguisher Keeping tubing free of kinks and blockage Checking flow rate and oxygen humidifier

frequently Provide oral hygiene by moistening the lips and

mouth frequently encourage fluid intake if allowed.

Checking the elastic strap for chafing and a firm fit.

Cleaning the cannula, catheter or mask and checking the skin for irritation.

WHAT IS THE PROPER MANAGEMENT IF YOUR CLIENT HAS MOUTHSORE?

Gargle with cool water or eat popsicle. Avoid hot beverages and foods, spicy and salty

food and citrus. Take pain reliever like acetaminophen. Rinse with salt water Apply thin paste of baking soda and water Visiting your dentist right ways Chewing slowly

PREVENTION Reducing stress and practicing relaxation

technique Do not smoke Limit alcohol to 2 drinks per day.

WHAT WILL YOU DO TO PREVENT BEDSORE IN A BEDRIDDEN PATIENT?

Turn the patient position every 2 hours to improve mobility and to reduce friction and shear forces.

Be careful when using the bedpan. Never leave client on the bed pan longer than necessary.

Keep client s body as clean and dry as possible. If clients body show sign of developing pressure

ulcer, notify the skin care nurse. Use powder or cornstarch sparingly where skin

surfaces come together and form creases.

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Improve nutritional status by giving food high in protein, increase vitamin C intake.

Use bland lotion to serve as protection barrier and to minimize the moisture.

REASONS WHY CLIENT HAVE BEDSORE Pressure Friction Breaks in the skin Poor circulation to an area Moisture Dry skin Pro longed immobilization

HOW TO DRESS UP BEDRIDDEN PATIENT? Dress the patient from the weakest and affected

side to the strongest side of the patient.

HOW TO CHANGE DIAPER OF AN ADULT? Wash your hand, assemble the equipment,

identify the client, explain what you are going to do, provide privacy , wear gloves.

Place a towel or rubber sheet under the person to protect the area where you are changing. Keep baby powder and diaper rash ointment handy. Place a trash can near you so that you can dispose of your wipes and soiled diaper as quickly and cleanly as possible.

Take the pants all the way not just to the ankle. Pull the client knee up. Put your forearm behind his knees and push the knees as close to his chest.

Unfasten the wet diaper on both side. Do not pull the diaper away use the wipes and wipe from front to back. Put your wipes in the sorted diapers. When you change a diaper containing bowel movement. Continue using wipes until one comes out soiled so that your sure the anus is thoroughly cleaned.

Folded the sorted diaper with the wipes and put in the trash can.

Put your forearm under the adult knee and lift her up. Put the clean diaper under her. Pull the diaper up until its at her waistline in the back. Sprinkle baby powder over the entire diaper area. Full the diaper up until its at her waist line in the back. Sprinkle baby powder over the entire diaper area. Full the diaper up between her leg. Fasten the diaper tape and make sure the diaper comfortable.

HOW TO AVOID ACCIDENT IN THE BATHROOM? Always keep the bathroom floor dry. Always put a rubber mat on the floor.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IF YOUR CLIENT WHILE SWIMMING IN CONTACT WITH TENTACLES OF JELLY FISH?

Go back to the sea, let the wave flush it off in the affected part.

If the jelly fish is still present, flush it with vinegar and alcohol

Presence of allergy rush the victim to the nearest hospital.

PURPOSE OF CATHERIZATION to irrigate the bladder to instill medication into the bladder to collect urine specimen and residual urine for post-surgical purposes and for dirt with spiral

injuries.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IF YOUR CLIENT HAS A SPLINTER IN HIS FINGER?

Remove it by using tweezers or forceps Wash it with soap and water Apply antiseptic Cover with dressing and bandage.

HOW TO OFFER BEDPAN ON A BEDRIDDEN PATIENT. Always ask patient with courtesy if he / she needs a bedpan.

prepare the necessary materials, make sure bedpan is warm and dry before taking it to

the bedside cover with a paper towel or a piece of kitchen roll. Also take a roll of toilet paper. Make sure the bedroom door is closed to ensure

privacy Help the patient to lift up her nightgown or slide

down his pajama/trousers.

HOW TO DRESS A BEDRIDDEN PATIENT?Start from the strong side to the weaken side or with intravenous line or affected side.

Wash your hand Assemble the equipment in dressing a bed ridden

patient. Identify the client and explain him what are you

going to do Provide privacy to the patient Place a bath blanket over the patient body and

remove the soiled gown Observe for any redness, swelling and allergies Put on the clean gown and remove bath towel. Put up the top linen and blanket Record any observation.

HOW WILL YOU FEED A BEDRIDDEN CLIENT? If the patient is eating in bed, position the patient

in the supine position with the head of the bed, elevated as high as is comfortable.

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If the patient is to eat at a table, make sure the patient is properly positioned and aligned in the chair with feet supported.

Focus your attention to the patient you are feeding. Be alert for sign of choking.

Set up the tray on table so that it is convenient and attractive to the patient.

Use cups with handle to help the patient hold the cup[ or take a drink

Food should be easy to chew and easy to swallow. Allow the client to food themselves as much as

possible. Do not rush feeding. Sit if possible Be gentle with forks and spoon. You can use

straw to feed liquids. When offering glass or cups , put towel to lips.

BATHING A BED RIDDEN PATIENT Wash your hand, assemble the equipment Identify the client / explain what your going to do Provide the privacy to the patient Check vital signs and if it is normal proceed with the

procedure. Fold top linen down to foot area and replace it w/ bath

blanket Remove client gown, place a towel across the chest and

make a bath mitt Wash face and neck, start from the eyes from inner to

outer cantus, wash, rinse and dry. Fold a bath towel lengthwise and place under patient

arm and hand. Wash arm in the long firm stroke, pay attention to the axilla, rinse and dry.

Soak hand in smaller basin and wash pay attention to inter-digital of each fingers, rinse and dry. Do the same on the other hand.

Place a towel along chest and abdomen and pull down the bath blanket covering the perineum.

Wash the chest, pay attention to the skin fold under the breast and wash abdomen. Rinse and dry. Put back the bath blanket and remove the towel.

Fold the bath blanket to expose the lover limb and fold a towel lengthwise and place it under the leg and foot

Wash the legs from distal to proximal in long firm stroke to facilitate blood circulation.

Soak foot on a smaller basin and wash. Rub callus using wash cloth. Rinse and dry. Do the same on the other leg and foot.

Turn patient on side lying position and place towel near the back. Wash, rinse and dry. Apply back rub on back massage to facilitate blood circulation and put powder or lotion and deodorant if client desires

Put client in supine position, put clean gown. Remove bath blanket and put back top linen.

Document any unusual observation to the patient.

HOW TO SHAMPOO A BEDRIDDEN CLIENT Wash your hands Assemble the equipment, explain what your going

to do. Prepare the client. Assist the client to the side of

the bed

Remove pins and ribbons of client and comb hair to remove tangles.

Put the rubber sheet on bed under the head to keep beddings dry.

Remove pillow under the head and place under the shoulder to hyperextend the neck.

Tuck a bath towel around clients shoulder to keep dry. Put a shampoo basin or receptacle under the head.

Fanfold the top linen down to waist and cover the upper part of the client w/ bath blanket to keep the clients warm.

Place other cloth or pad over clients eye to protect from soapy water and it will not slip.

Place cotton ball on clients, ear to keep water from collecting in the ear canals.

Wet hair thoroughly. Put shampoo on your palm and apply it on scalp and form a later.

Massage from front to back using pads of your fingers avoid scratching the scalp.

Rinse briefly and apply conditioner or shampoo again. Massage scalp.

Rinse thoroughly and remove all shampoo from the hair and scalp.

Squeeze water out of the hair with your hands. Dry hair thoroughly with towel or you may use

hair dryer and warm temperature. Remove equipment used Document any observation.

HOW TO ASSIST PATIENT IN TAKING A BATH? Prepare all necessary materials before start the

bath. Check the body temperature of the client. Make

sure the water is not to hot nor too cold. Assist the client to undress and start the bath. After bath help a client to pat dry herself and

dress the client. Comb the hair the way she want.

HOW WILL YOU BRUSH YOUR CLIENTS TEETH?

Assist the person in a sitting position Place a towel over the chest. Adjust the

overhead table Apply toothpaste to the toothbrush. Hold the

toothbrush and brush the clients teeth gently. Brush in circular motion.

Advise the patient to gargle with water. Hold the kidney basin under the person chin.

Offer mouth wash and dental floss. Put lubrication on the lips

Remove towel. Record any unusual observation.HOW WILL YOU TAKE GOOD CARE OF YOUR CLIENTS DENTURE?

Pieces of food must be removed from gums and the tongue.

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Dentures can be soaked in a cleansing solution. They should be brushed at least one every 12

hours. Be careful while handling dentures Clean the dentures daily Place a paper towel or wash cloth in the bottom

of the sink to guard against breaking dentures if you drop the accidentally.

Place denture in a cup and close the lid.

HOW WILL YOU GIVE OR PERFORM ORAL CARE FOR CLIENT WHO WEAR DENTURES.

Spread the towel across the clients chest Wear gloves and ask the client to remove his dentures Place them in a clean cup Take the dentures to the sink and line the sink with

wash cloth to protect the dentures from slipping out of your hand

Fill the sink with water Apply tooth paste to the dentures then brush. Rinse

with cool water. Fill the labeled denture cup with cool water then

place the denture in the cup and cover it. Help rinse his mouth with water.

HOW WILL YOU GIVE PERFORM ORAL CARE FOR UNCONSCOUS CLIENT.

Tell the client what your going to do because he may still be able to hear you.

Stand at the side of the bed and turn clients face toward you.

Support the face on the pillow covered by a towel. Put a small basin under the chin.

Place mouth care equipment near you. Wipe entire mouth with a swab dipped in solution.

Pat the face dry with a towel. Apply lubricant on the lips. Do after care.

WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF CLIENT USING WHEELCHAIR AND WANTS TO TRANSFER TO BED?

Wash hand , identify the client. Explain what your going to do. Take note of strongest limb of the patient and it

should be near to the bedside. Place the wheelchair near the bedside in 45” angle

and lock also lock the bed wheel. Raise the footrest and advice the patient to hold in

you hips and place your hand around his waist. Advise patient that at the count of three he will be

standing up and pivot towards the bedside and hold his strongest arm into the bedside.

While the patient is in sitting position place your arms on his shoulder and the other in his hips and advise the patient that at the count of 3 his upper body will lie on the side of the bed.

Raise his legs over the top of the bed and assist patient to move at the middle of the bed.

Cover the patient with top sheet.

TRANSFER THE PATIENT FROM BED TO WHEEL CHAIR

Wash hand Identify the client Explain what are you going to do Take note the strongest part of the patient body. Place the wheelchair near the side of the bed 45

degree angle where the strongest part of the patient body was located.

Lock the wheelchair and raise the foot rest also lock the bed

Assist the patient to move toward the side of the bed and place the patient in side lying position facing you.

Put down both legs of the patient fro the bed and place your arms under the shoulder of the patient and the other hand on the hips of the patient.

Advice the patient that at the count of three, he will be put in sitting position.

Advice the patient to hold into your waist and place your arms around his waist and support the knees of the patient with your knees to prevent buckling of knees.

Advice the patient that at the count of three he will be standing up and pivot to the wheelchair and hold to the arm rest of the wheel chair with his strong hand and sit.

After doing so, assist the patient to scoot in to sit comfortably and place the foot of the patient to the footrest at a time.

WHAT ARE THE FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN YOU TAKE YOUR CLIENT IN WHEELCHAIR TO THE PARK.

Make sure to use safety belt. Check the locks of the wheelchair and bed the sure that they are safe and in good condition.

Check the vital sign of the patient. Consider the weather, time and clothes use by

your client.

HOW TO FEED A COMATOSE PERSON BY VASO GASTRIC TUBE?

Dissolve the formula with blender. Aspirate some of the substance in stomach. Put the syringe type cylinder into the tube Unlock the tube to release the formula. Elevate

the syringe type cylinder to free flow the formula into the stomach y gravity.

Lock or restrict the tube after finished feeding.

WHAT IS CHOKING?Choking is the obstruction on the airway caused

by a foreign body.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IN CASE OF CHOKING IS CAUSED BY A PIECE OF FOOD OR OTHER OBJECT?

If choking is caused by a piece of food or other object like small toys and household items, open his mouth and sweep a hooked finger deep inside to remove

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the obstruction if none is found, slap the victim hard between the shoulder blade four times with the heal of the hand. If the blockage remains do the Heimlich maneuver

WHAT IS DYSPHAGIA? DYSPHAGIA is difficulty in swallowing.

HOW DO YOU FEED PATIENT WITH DYSPHAGIA?

In feeding a patient with dysphagia, be sure that the patient is sitting in an upright position to reduce the risk or possibility of food aspiration.

Offer fluids and solid food separately Make sure dentures or dental works are in place. Verify that the diet served is appropriate to the

patients ability Report to the supervisor any change in appetite,

food intake and nausea or vomiting.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IF YOUR CLIENT HAS DENTURES OR MOUTH SORE OR DYSPHAGIA?

Provide soft food that are easily eaten Assist with the feeding if necessary Cut food into small pieces Clean and brush the dentures every after feeding.

HOW TO PERFORM HEIMLICH MANUEVER TO CONSCIOUS CHOKING ADULT?

Do the heimlich maneuver or abdominal thrush. I will position myself at the back of the victim and make a fist placing the fist two fingers above the navel of the victim and with my other free hand and will give inward upward pushes or hook motion until the object is out.

HOW DO YOU PERFORM HEIMLICH MANEUVER IN A PREGNANT WOMAN AND TO AN OBESE PATIENT.

Stand behind the victim, place your arm under the victims armpit and encircle the chest. Place a fist on the middle of the victims breast bone with your knuckles up. Grasp your fist with your other hand and press back ward with quick thrust.

CHOOSE THE LETTER AND TELL YOUR ANSWER. ONLY TRUE ABOUT HEIMLICH

done to an unconscious victim can be done to every one also called abdominal thrust can be done to conscious victim while standing

DISEASE

HOW WOULD GET THE RADIAL PULSE? Place your index and middle finger into the radial

artery of the patient Feel the radial pulse and count for 1 minute Record the final count after 1 minute

o Normal rate:60 – 80 beat / min. for adult

80 – 115 beat / min. for child80 – 160 beat / min. for infant

HOW TO GET THE APICAL PULSE? Prepare the material needed. Uncover the patients chest Locate the apex of the heart by placing the

diaphragm of the stethoscope under the left breast. Listen for the heart sound.

Count the heart sound for one full minute. Record the apical pulse.

HOW TO TAKE CARE THERMOMETER

BEFORE USE: Wash or wipe from bulb to stem in circular stroke with cotton ball with alcohol then dry it with a clean cotton ball from bulb to stem using long straight stroke.

AFTER USE: Wipe from stem to bulb in long straight stroke.

Handle it carefully Never clean glass thermometer with hot

water. Shaking down the glass thermometer will aid

in the accurate measurement of body temperature.

Keep the thermometer clean before and after use and always put it in the receptacle to prevent breakage.

Check the container where the thermometer is kept.

HOW TO TAKE THE ORAL TEMPERATURE? Clean the thermometer Shake the mercury down Gently put the bulb end in the client mouth under the

tongue Position the thermometer to the side of the mouth. Instruct the client to keep the thermometer under the

tongue by gently closing the lips around the thermometer.

Leave it there for 3-5 minutes

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Take the thermometer out of the mouth then read and record the temperature.

HOW TO GET RESPIRATORY RATE? Don’t let your client be aware of your counting.

He may not breath normally. Watch closely the chest by counting the number

of chest expansion and count for one full minute. Record respiratory rate.

HOW DO YOU HANDLE AN EMERGENCY SITUATION

Access the situation Survey the scene Get for help Act immediately, give prompt and appropriate

first aid If there is a by stander ask to help the situation

BODY MECHANICS Always maintain center of gravity. Widen base of support Lift with your legs and met with your back Bend your knees and not your back when lifting. Prevent further injury and back pain Maintain normal curve of the back and do not remain

in one position for extended period of time. Tighten your stomach muscle when lifting. Don’t

hold your breath. Minimize reaching and bending.

WHAT BEST DESCRIBE HEIMLICH MANEUVER? HOW IS IT DONE TO UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT?

To perform the Heimlich on a unconscious victim you need to place the person flat on his back then straddle yourself between the victims leg around the tight region. Put one hand with the heel of the palm into the navel region below the breast done on the middle of the abdominal. Place the other hand on the top on the hand ensuring that your fingers are pointing towards the victims head, then thrust downwards into the abdomen with quick rapid movement. This maneuver should help to dislodge the foreign object from the airways.

HYPERVENTILATION (Overbreathing) Rapid shallow breathing that can occur with anxiety

or panic State of breathing faster and/or deeper than necessary

FIRST AID FOR HYPERVENTILATION Talk to your client calmly. Ask your client to breath and re breath in a

paper bag 10x then outside for 15 seconds. Repeat the procedure until the breathing has

normalized.

HYPERTENSION - is a dangerous condition where the blood pressure is higher than normal.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Numbness of back neck Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Severe headache

HOW TO AVOID HYPERTENSION (MANAGEMENT)

Stop smoking Avoid caffeine and alcohol intake Increase water intake Avoid fatty and salty food Exercise Regularly Increase hi-fiber diet Learn how to manage stress Take a rest Teach client how to take his own blood pressure.

PARKINSON’S DISEASE - chronic disease of the central nervous system, causing tremors in the body characterized by a peculiar gait as shuffling of the feet when walking and expressionless face.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Muscular rigidity Resting tremor pill-rolling tremor Muscle weakness Loss of postural reflex Shuffling girt.

MANAGEMENT Assist in daily exercise Provide warm bath Massage to help relax the muscle Provide continuous encouragement Encourage high fluid intake Regular patter of voiding Increase calories and decrease protein in diet Gait training Physical therapy Allow extra time for activities such as dressing,

bathing and other.

CEREBRO VASCULAR ACCIDENT / STROKE

RISK FACTOR: Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol

lever, being overnight Being sedentary, coronary heart disease Family history, gender, race and diabetes

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Numbness of face, arms and legs Sudden trouble in sighting

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Sudden trouble in speaking and understanding Sudden weakness, dizziness and of balance Sudden severe headaches with no known cause.

HOW TO AVOID STROKE Maintain a healthful diet, high fiber diet Control blood pressure Maintain normal cholesterol level Maintain normal body weight Do not smoke Avoid caffeine and alcohol intake Exercise regularly Learn how to manage stress.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IN CASE OF STROKE Call for medical help Maintain open airway to ensure breathing Keep the person crisis warm and protect

paralyzed extremities. Do not give anything by mouth Stay with the person until medical help arrives Provide CPR if needed Continue to monitor ABC.

WHAT CARE SHOULD BE GIVEN TO A STROKE PATIENT

Encourage a null balance diet When feeding place food on the unaffected part

of the mouth Assist ambulation to prevent fall When assisting dressing, always dress the

affected side first Improving mobility is preventing deformities. Change the position of the client every 2 hours.

CANCER

WHAT ARE THE SIGN AND SYMPTOM OF CANCER?

Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness Unexplained weight loss Constipation and diarrhea Sore throat

MANAGEMENT OF CANCER Assist the client and his family You have to understand the feeling and attitudes

of the client and give special consideration in recognizing their condition.

Give them proper care. Acknowledge the patient anger, sadness or

depression to assist the client to cope. Discuss possible changes in weight and hair loss,

this may help decrease client anxiety.

Staying with the client show support and help the client to endue emotional pain and cope.

SHOCK - DEPRESSED CONDITION OF MANY BODY FUNCTION

DIFFENT TYPES OF SHOCK Hypovolemic shock Cardiogenic shock Distributive shock Neurogenic shock Anaphylactic shock Septic shock

3 BASIC CAUSES OF SHOCK Poor pump failure Relative hypervolemia Hypervolemia

CAUSES OF SHOCK Severe bleeding Crushing injury Infection Myocardial infarction Shell bomb and bullet wounds Rapture of tubal pregnancies Satiation and diseases

FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTE SHOCK P - pain R - rough handling I - improper transportation C - crushing injuries E - exposure to extreme hot

and cold F - fatigue

SIGN AND SYMPTOM OF SHOCK Pale face / cold and clammy skin / Weak and rapid

pulse Weakness / thirsty / breathing irregular Nausea and vomiting

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Eyes will be sunken Dilated pupils Low blood pressure Low body temperature Blood vessel congested Unconciousness Pathetic relatively corresponsive

OBJECTIVE OF SHOCK Improve blood circulation Ensure adequate supply of oxygen Maintain body temperature

FIRST AID AND PREVENTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SHOCK

Control bleeding Put the victim in his most comfortable position /

proper position Elevate feet 12 inches from the floor Loose tight clothing Maintain normal body temperature / proper body heat Proper transfer Seek medical help

HEART BURN - is a burning sensation in the lower chest, behind the breastbone. It may be accompanied by nausea, bloating, belching or a sour or bitter taste in the throat and mouth.

COMMON CAUSES OF HEARTBURN Smoking Fatty or spicy food Chocolates Emotional stress Certain medicine like aspirin, ibuprofen Being over weight Pregnancy Alcoholic Fizzy drink Coffee and tee

MANAGEMENT OF HEART BURN Loosen tight clothes that will tighten the abdomen Assist with medication prescribed by the doctor Elevate the upper body of your client when

sleeping If the pain is sever and last for more than two

minutes consult a doctor Avoid stress and minimize alcohol intake Take small meals Eat slowly and chew your food well Maintain healthy weight Do not smoke.

RHEUMATISM- conditions that cause aches and pains affecting the joints on your arms and legs

SIGN AND SYMPTOM Tender, warm, red, swollen joints Fatigue, occasional low fever, loss of appetite Dry eyes and mouth

Morning stiffness and pain

FACTORS THAT CONTIBUTE RHEUMATISM? Allergy Injury Infection Being overnight Stress Heredity

WHAT WILL YOU DO IF CLIENT SUFFER RHEUMATISM?

Exercise and rest Administer appropriate medication Weight reduction Go to occupational and physical therapist.

SEIZURE - Sudden involuntary muscle contraction due to uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain often associated with epilepsy high blood pressure, heart disease, brain tumor stroke, head injury, fever in children.

MANAGEMENT OF SEIZURE Support the head with something soft during

seizure. Loosen the tight clothing around his neck Clear the area from any obstacle. If the seizure stop, immediately check the condition

of the victim. Place the victim in recovery position Give AR/CPR if necessary or call 911. Stay w/ patient during seizure.

WHAT IS EPILEPSY? It is a complex of several disorder of brain

function characterized by recurring seizure.

WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO IF YOUR CLIENT IS HAVING EPILEPTIC SEIZURE?

Call for medical help Turn the patient head to the side to promote the

drainage of saliva. Loosen clothing around the neck Do not try to force the teeth apart or place

anything in the mouth Maintain airway open Protect the person from injury Remove the object that might cause injury. Do not attempt to restraint the patient Try to keep the client from falls Clear the area around the client of furniture and

sharp object. Use cool compress and tepid water Stay with client until recovery or until their is

professional medical help.

FAINTING / CLIENT FALL - brief loss of consciousness due to decrease blood flow to the brain.

Try to catch the victim

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Client should be lying flat on the floor leg straight and elevated 8-12 inches.

Loosen tight clothing Ensure adequate supply of fresh air. Call 911 if he did not recover in 5 minutes Look or treat injure due to falling. Head below the level of the heart. Turn the victims head to the side so the tongue

does not fall back into the trout. Apply moist towel to face and neck. Keep the victim warm.

ALLERGIC REACTION - foods, medication, insect sting, pollen or other substances

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ALLERGIC REACTION Itchiness Mild skin redness Mild swelling Runny nose Sneezing Watery eyes

PROPER MANAGEMENT OF ALLEGIC REACTION Contact a doctor if the child has an allergic reaction

that is more than mild. Avoid substance that can trigger an allergic reaction

in child. Seek emergency medical care if the child has severe

allergic reaction.

NOSE BLEEDING (Epistaxis) Advice the victim to sit down and lean his head

forward. Pinch the nose for 10-15 minutes. To control

bleeding. Apply cold compress in the forehead, face and under

arm. Instruct the victim to breath thru his mouth and

avoid sneezing or coughing. If the bleed didn’t stop, rush the victim to the

nearest hospital.

INTERNAL BLEEDING MANAGEMENT I - Ice application C - Compression E - Elevation S - Splinting

SOFT TISSUE INJURY - (Abrasion, Laceration, Puncture, Ambulation, Amputation)

MANAGEMENT Irrigate the wound with water under pressure Control bleeding by DEPP Apply dressing and bandage Care for shock Seek medical Assistance

PROCEDURE IN CLEANING WOUND? Wash hands, assemble equipment : (clean dressing,

macrospore tape, etc.) Open paper bag, open clean dressing. Put on

gloves remove old dressing. Check the wound for redness, swelling, color,

odor, amount of drainage. Use circular motion in cleaning the wound from

center of wound to skin. May apply medication if needed. Put clean dressing hold on cover. Tape it securely

and evenly. Discard old dressing Remove gloves Record any untoward manifestation.

WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO IN CASE OF WOUND WITH PROFUSE BLEEDING?

In case of severe bleeding, apply direct pressure on the affected part then cover the wound securely and seek medical help if the bleed didn’t stop.

If the wound is on a limb, make the person lie down and raise the injured limb as high as possible.

If the bleeding resumes, or does not stop, put another dressing on top of the first and secure it with bandage.

MUSCOSKELETAL

SIGN AND SYMPTOM Pain Deformity Swelling Discoloration Loss of function

MANAGEMENT P - protect R - rest I - Immobilized C - compression E - elevate S - Splinting

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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Screaming and abnormal sexual behavior van lining sun downing Hallucination Dramatic changes in mood or behavior Increased tendency to misplace things Confusion and disorientation Not recognizing object Forgetting unusual activities done Agitation, poor judgment Loss of ability to communicate

FIRST AID / MANAGEMENT Keep the living environment as stable and routine as

possible Make sure the client is wearing a tag which indicates

the name, address and contact no. of the immediate family or caregiver in case of emergency.

Regular exercise Maintain healthful diet Learn how to manage stress Close supervision Give constant emotional support Encourage patient to enjoy simple activity to protect

the patient Supervise all activities outside the home Monitor and provide safe care concerning his

activities of living.

DIARRHEA - condition w/c there is unusual frequency of bowel movement.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Cold and clammy skin Sunken eyes Sunken fontanels Mouth and lips are dry Fever

MANAGEMENT Induce oral dehydration (saline solution, Gatorade) Give fluid intake every bowel movement Give soft diet or BRAT diet (Banana, Rice, Apple,

Toasted Bread) Seek medical help. Bed Rest. Restrict milk product.

ASPERGER’S SYNDROME It is autism spectrum disorder and people with it

therefore show significant difficulties in social interaction along with stereotypes and other restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interest.

Describe children in his practice who lacked nonverbal communication skill limited empathy with their peers.

There is no specific treatment or were just intervention like in phycho social are social skills training, educational intervention, behavioral modification, parent education and training.

It is a type of pervasive development disorder. PDD are a group of condition that involve delays in the development of many basic skill, most notably the ability to socialize with other, to communicates use imagination.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Communication difficulties Coordination problem Problem with social skills Eccentric or repetitive behavior

WHAT IS JERKING? Is an abrupt, spasmodic movement, sudden

involuntary movement Muscular movement (dala ng sakit or dahil sa

electrolyte imbalance)

DIABETES MELLITUS Increase or absence of insulin produced by the

pancreas.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Extreme thirst Fatigue and weakness Increase in appetite Loss of weight Irritability Blurred vision Loss of feeling in both hands and feet Dry and itchy skins Sweating, pale, drowsiness, hunger Tremor and low blood sugar

FOOD FOR DIABETIC PATIENT Diabetic patient should eat high in fiber. Like

fruits, vegetable, whole grain bread and cereals in lowering blood glucose level.

Foods in bitter guard (ampalaya, apple, garlic) Eat protein in moderation and prefur fish or soy

protein, poultry on meat. High fat meat be strickly avoided.

Avoided high sodium food, alcohol, high fat and carbohydrate and cholesterol

Artificial sweeteners, fatty acid.

MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES Follow a healthy diet, high in fiber and low in

sugar concentrate Exercise regularly Increase in fluid intake Learn how to manage stress Regular check-up Keep normal weight Take care of feet and hands

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meal as ordered by doctor measure intake and output plan to diet w glucose control if the patient unconscious, bring the patient to the

hospital

WHICH IS NOT A SIGN OR SYMPTOM OF DIABETES?

Inflammation of the girl thing Frequent urination Sweating Blurry vision Excessive urination

WHICH OF THESE STATEMENTS IS TRUE? hypoglycemia is due to much insulin insulin is taken orally insulin is produced by kidney

HYPERGLYCEMIA - or diabetic coma occurs when there is too much sugar and too little insulin in the blood.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS drowsiness and confusion thirst dehydration fever deep and fast breathing

MANAGEMENT encourage client to eat moderately

FOOT CARE FOR DIABETIC PATIENT wash the feet, rinse and dry the feet thoroughly. Never soak patients feet without a doctors order. Follow the physician instruction for cutting toe

nail Never use hot water because burn will not heal

readily Use skin cream to prevent hard, dry skin except

for the areas in between toes. Use pillows to dangle heels to prevent heels

from touching.

HOW WILL YOU DO FOOT CARE? Prepare all the necessary equipment. Soak foot for 3-5 minutes Wash, soap and rinse especially in between the

toenail. Scrub all surfaces between the toes and under the

toenail. Use orange stick and clean under the toenail. Rinse nail and pat dry. Use foot powder if

necessary.

WHAT IS THE FIRST AID FOR HYPERTHERMIA? If conscious - place the victim in a cool area

- give cool sponge- give cold drink

If unconscious - place in a recovery position- ensure breathing and pulse- Call for help

HEART ATTACK / MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS chest pain numbness of shoulder, neck, arms pain Sweating, shortness of breath Nausea and vomiting High blood pressure Fainting,

RAPID PULSE RATE – not sign and symptom of heart attack.

FIRST AID / MANAGEMENT ( WHAT WILL YOU DO?)

Help him in a comfortable position A Half sitting position, with the victims head and

shoulders neel supported and his knees bent. Check the victim ABC, begin AR or CPR if

necessary Call 911 and inform that you suspect a heart attack. Monitor and continue ABC until the medical

transport facilities arrived. If the victim has medicine for angina, such as inhaler

or tablet, assist him.

TUBERCULOSIS - chronic, infectious granulomatous, pulmonary disease.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Having cough lasting from 3 and more weeks and

also produce discolored sputum Loss in weight Fever Feel night sweating Tiredness and weakness If the infection in lung reaches to the worst

position it may result pain in chest, back and kidney.

Difficulty in breathing and shortness of breath Sudden feeling of chill.

PROPER MANAGEMENT Monitoring drug side effect Seek consultation Always maintain isolation precaution Educate the client and family about tuberculosis Encourage client have a good nutrition.

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AGREE OR DISAGREEThe reason why the person will have tuberculosis

is because he is poor.

Disagree - because T.B. is a contagious disease caused by organism that usually infect the lungs. Being poor cannot guarantee you will have a t.b. and if this poor person has a healthy lifestyle. I don’t think she or he can have tuberculosis. People with weak immune system are particularly prone to t.b. regardless if their are rich or poor doesn’t matter. Even if their rich but their immune system is weak they are prone to t.b. and if they have a contact with t.b. person for so long or exposed to person with t.b. they will probably infected from them. And they are more at risk when living in crowded and poorly ventilated conditions.

COLDS

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Nasal decongestion Low-grade fever

MANAGEMENT Complete rest Increase oral fluid to take Give more vitamin C and ascorbic acid formula. Give nasal decongestant as prescribed.

FLU or INFLUENZA - is an infectious disease caused by virus that can make you sick for a week or longer

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF FLU Fever over 38 c in adult and 39.5 - 40.5 to

children Chills and sweats Head ache Dry cough Muscular aches and pain Fatigue and weakness Nasal congestion Loss of appetite Diarrhea and vomiting Sore throat Runny of stuffy nose

HOW TO AVOID / PREVENTION OF FLU Get a annual flu vaccination Wash your hand Eat right and sleep tight Exercise regularly Avoid crowds during flue season

Stay at home if infected with flue

PROPER MANAGEMENT OF FLU Bed rest Drink plenty of water Administer prescribed medication Avoid physical exertion Steam inhalation

CONVULSIONS- medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body.

MANAGEMENT Cold spring bath on extremities, axilla, perineum,

neck and face. Increase water intake Complete bed rest Seek medical help if continues Protect the head Lay the child on side and sty w/ her Loosen clothing.

ASTHMA - result of hypersensitivity reaction to stimulate and it a disorder of bronchial airway characterized by period of bronchospasm.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Difficulty in breathing Wheezing sound Chest tightness Breathing rapidly Dry cough Fatigue Chest and shoulder pain

MANAGEMENT Increase oral fluid Place in comfortable position Give bronchodilator as ordered Give nebulization as ordered Seek medical help Monitor vital signs Identify and avoid that trigger the asthma attack Keep home free of irritants Stops smoking

WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO ASTHMA?

Cold air or irritating odor Air pollutant like cigarette, fumes and smoke Belching aerosol, smogs air freshener Inhalant antigens - pollen, molds, house dush.

HOW MANY COMPRESSION FOR ADULT, CHILD AND INFANT.CPR - 2 IVM every after chest compression

30 x every 2 sec. for 5 cycle.

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RB - 20 – 24 RB for every 4-5 sec. - adult for (2 mins.)40 RB for every 3 sec. - child and infant (2 mins.)HOW TO PERFORM RB RESCURE BREATHING OR ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION FOR ADULT CHILD AND INFANT.

If there is pulse and no breathing.

ADULT - use the open airway method by tilting the head to the maximum and then lift the chin. The location for checking the pulse is the carotid pulse. Apply mouth to mouth- nose method. The manner of ventilation is full slow breath at a breaths rate of 20-24 breath per min. the counting for standardization purpose is breath 1, 1002. 1003, 1001 breath 1, 1002, 1003, 1002 breath up to 12 breath.

CHILD - the only difference of RB of adult to child is a manner of ventilation it is full slow breath . 3 second / breath at a breath rate of 40 breath per min. 5 the counting standardization purpose it is 1, 1001, breath 1, 1001, 1002, 1003 breath up to 12 breath. Use open airway method in neutral plus position.

INFANT – use open airway method in neutral plus position. The location for checking the pulse is the brachial pulse (inner aspect of the upper arm).Apply the mouth to mouth and the nose method. The manner of ventilations gentle slow breath (1 to 1.5 sec.) at a breath rate of 40 breath per min. (1 breath every 3 sec.) for the 2 min. counting for standardization purpose is breath 1, 1001, breath 1, 1002 breath 1, 1003 breath until 1020 breath.

HOW TO PERFORM CPR?Combination of chest compression and rescue

breathing. It is a life-saving procedure used in a medical emergency when the victim is not breathing and when there is no pulse.

Survey the scene, introduce your self, ask to help.

Primary surveyCheck responsiveness by tapping or shaking the shoulder. Hey sir/madam are you ok (3x). if the victim is unresponsive asked for help. Open air-way. Head tilt, chin lift. Check mouth “mouth is clean, no obstruction seen”. If the victim is breathless give too initial ventilation maneuver. Check the pulse for 5-10 sec.

Activate medical assistance while doing CPR. The victim is breathless and no sign of circulation. Reactivate medical assistance while doing CPR. Recheck the pulse and breathing for 10 seconds. (if the victim is still breathless and no sign of circulation, repeat the angle) If the victim is breathing with pulse, the victim revived and put in recovery position.

Secondary survey- Do the head to toe examination- Care for shock- Transfer to the nearest hospital- Reporting and recording (all assessment should be properly endorsed to the medical personnel of the hospital).- locate for the compression site in the center of the chest. Depth is approximately 1 ½ to 2 inches. Use heel of one hand, other hand on top at a compression rate of approximately 100/min. the compression-ventilation ratio is 30:2 for 1 rescuer and there an 5 cycle per 2 min then count for standardization purposes 1-20, 1-9 and 1 then 2 breath up to 5 cycle. The difference of CPR adult to child is the depth of compression the child is 1 to 1 ½ inches while the adult is 2 to 1 ½ inches.

TO PERFORM CPR TO INFANTLocate for the compression site in the lower half

of the sternum but not hitting the xiphoid process. 1 finger width below the imaginary nipple line depth of compression is ½ to 1 inches. Use the 2 fingers, the middle and ring fingertip at a compression rate of a least 100 min. the compression ventilation ratio is 30:2 for 1 rescues and there are 5 cycles every 2 min. then count for standardization purposes 1-20, 1-9 and 1 then 2 breathe up to 5 cycles.

INDICATION WHEN TO STOP CPR. S - Spontaneous circulation restored T - Turn-over to transport facilities O - Operator exhausted P - Physician takes over

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S - Scene become unsafe

WHAT IS ABC IN CPR? A - Airway B - Breathing C - Circulation

URINARY TRACT INFECTION - is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Abdominal pain Genital pain Back pain Nausea and vomiting Fever Blood in the urine

HOW TO AVOID UTI (MANAGEMENT) Avoid salty food Increase water intake Acid ash diet Exercise regularly Avoid caffeine and alcohol intake.

INDWELLING URINARY CATHETER Wash hand Assemble the equipment Identify the client Explain what are you going to do. Provide privacy to the patient by pulling down

the curtain Check vital sign of the patient and if normal,

proceed with the procedure. Wear gloves Lift-up top gown to expose perineum and fan fold

the top sheet down to the end of the bed. Cover the perineum with bath blanket and place

the patient in dorsal recumbent position. Place rubber mat under he buttocks and using

sterile forcep with cotton balls wipe the perineum from pubis to anus in one stroke one cotton ball at a time.

Using your thumb and index finger, separate the labias and wipe the inner part from top to bottom.

Observe for any redness, swelling and irritation Put antiseptic solution around the area where the

tube was inserted twisting and circular stroke and observe if there is kink in the tube. Make sure that it is draining well.

Remove bath blanket and pull down gown and cover patient with top sheet.

Discard all equipment used Document any unusual observation.

HOW TO TAKE CARE OF THE CATHETER? wear gloves to clean the catheter. Get moistened

cotton ball with alcohol. Moisten the tape and remove the tape. Get

moistened gauze and start cleaning the catheter near the urethral meateus in a circular and twisting 4 inches away from the urethral meatus while checking kinks and patencies.

Be sure not to full the catheter. Dry and replace the tape.

FIRST AID FOR SPRAINED ANKLE. Place the victim into sitting position Remove shoes and socks before swelling occurs Elevate the affected leg Apply cold compress to prevent swelling and

lessen the pain Put proper bandage and rest or put splint.

FIRST AID FOR TOOTHACHE Instruct the victim to gargle Apply toothache drop / anti-toothache ointment

on the affected tooth Administer prescribed medication If symptoms persist, consult the dentist.

FIRST AID FOR FROST BITE – the tissue, muscle, skin becomes frozen due to exposure

to cold. Remove the victim from cold environment. Move

to safe place and warm Remove all wet clothing Warm the affected part Move to warm place before thawing the affected

part Place the injury in warm water at 40 ‘c. Dry carefully and apply sterile dressing Raise part to reduce swelling Rush the victim to the nearest hospital Give him warm drink Cover the body with blanket and comforter.

FIRST AID FOR FEVER Check the body temperature Do sponge bathing Instruct the patient to wear light clothing Increase fluid intake Give a regular diet Administer prescribed medication If the symptom persist call 911. Rush it to the nearest hospital.

VOMITINGHOW TO AVOID VOMITING (MANAGEMENT)

Offer few ice ships in small amount (1 tbsp every 15 minutes.)

Apply hot compress in the abdomen Maintain body temperature Give oral rehydration Seek medical help.

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BURNS -type of injury to skin caused by heat, electricity or chemicals.MANAGEMENT:

Determine the severity of the burn Flush the burns in full flowing water and wash

with mild soap and rinse. Apply sterile non-stick dressing and bandage

loosely. Care for shock. Rush the victim to the nearest hospital.

MANAGEMENT OF BURN (Emergency care) Remove the patient from the source of heat Eliminate the source of the burn. Asses the vital sign Determine the severity of the burn and provide

immediate action Determine the history Examine for cardiopulmonary complication Cover the burn with sterile non stick burn

dressing. Rush the victim to the nearest hospital.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IN CARE OF CHEMICAL BURNS?

Dry of the affected cloth area. Immediately remove the chemical by flushing

with water Remove the victims contaminated clothing while

flushing with water, flush for 20 minute or longer.

Wash a mild soap before rinse. Covered the burned area with a dry dressing or

for large areas with a clean pillow care, if the chemical is in the eyes flood it for at least 20 minutes.

Seek medical attention immediately for all chemical burns.

WHAT ARE THE COMMON CAUSES OF BURN? Carelessness with match and cigarette smoking Sealed from hot liquid Defective heating, cooking and electrical

equipment Use of chemical as lye strong acid and strong

detergent.

RADIATION BURNS (Management) For 1st and 2nd degree burns with no open

blister, flush with lots of cool running water. Apply moist dressing and bandage loosely Do not attempt to open the blister. For 2nd degree burn and 3rd degree with open

blister, apply dressing and bandage loosely. Do not use water in with open blister because it

increases the risk with shock.

ELECTRICAL BURNS (Management)

Be careful in electrical emergencies, so as not to get electrical shock yourself.

If the emergency is outside, and you expect downed power line, call the power company first.

Do not touch downed power lines. Keep bystander well away from any source of

live current. If the emergency is inside, turn off the

electricity at the fuse box or circuits breaker. Do a primary survey, be aware that electrical

accident carry a strong possibility of cardiac arrest. Check ABC, provide CRR or RB if necessary.

Call emergency medical assistance. Do a secondary survey. Check for more than one

burn site. Cover all burns with dry loose dressing then

bandage. Care for shock.

FIRE

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS, FLAMMABLE LIQUID Always store flammable liquid on the safe

environment and out of reach of children. Label all containers and always cover the container

WHAT WILL YOU DO IF THERE IS FIRE? Secure client and bring him / her in a safe place Call 911 Access the fire if controllable, get the fire

extinguishero P - Pull the pino A - Aim to the flameo S - Squeeze the levero S - Swipe the nozzle side by side

If not controllable dial 911

CAUSES OF FIRE Careless disposal of smoking material into waste

paper basket. Improper use of candles Matches and cigarette that are improperly

disposed of near contributes. Short or overloaded circuit

WHAT WILL YOU DO IN CASE OF FIRE / EARTHQUAKE?

Remove the client from the immediate vicinity of the fire.

Activate the alarm and alert the staff members that a fire exists

Contain or confine the fire by closing all the doors in the area.

Extinguish the fire if it is safe to do so.

WHAT WILL YOU DO WHEN YOU AND THE CHILD IS INSIDE THE BURNING HOUSE.

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Presence of mind, act immediately, do not panic, bring the client on the safe place.

Locate any place to escape or use fire exit if any. If you are using the door to get out touch the knob first, if it is hot do not open it instead use the window if possible to escape the fire.

Get a blanket and wet it to cover the child and your self.

Assist first the client and secure her safety before yourself.

If you are already got out of the burning house, check, ABC of life.

Call for help by calling the fire department.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IN CASE OF FRYING PAN ON THE STOVE BURN?

Don’t panic, just put a lid or cover on it and starve the fire.

Never throw water on fire because that will spread the fire

Throw a big box and baking soda If the fire is big year get fire extinguisher.

HOW DO YOU CALL FOR EMERGENCY HELP? Dial 911, tell your name and address, give the

exact location of the incident or landmark. Give the causes and nature of incident, give the

condition of casualty. Give the name, sex, age of casualty, follow the

instruction for first aid.

WHAT IS THE FIRST AID FOR LEG CRAMPS? (sudden painful tightening of a muscle.)

Massage the muscle firmly Have the victim stretch out the affected muscle Apply moist heat Get medical help.

HEAT CRAMPS

MANAGEMENT Remove from hot environment Cool the patient with moist towel Administer saline solution of oral hydration. Elevate legs 8-12 inches Loosen tight clothing

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Severe thirst Fatigue Headache Nausea Vomiting

HEAT STOKE

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Skin warm to touch

Hot, dry, reddish skin Rapid, weak pulse Un-consciousness Dilated pupil Weakness

MANAGEMENT Remove from hot environment Open airway Rapidly cool patient by cold water bath, moist

towels Manage vomiting or convulsion Bring to the nearest hospitals.

HOW TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF BURNS Rule of 9 The extent of the affected body surface are Location of the burns Victim age Victim of medical condition

HYPOGLYCEMIA - low blood glucose or low blood sugar. Occurs when blood glucose drops below normal level. Also knows as insulin shock. Too much insulin in the body.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Hunger , shakiness, nervousness, dizziness,

sleepiness, confusion Anziety, weakness, paleness, fast hat rate, blurred

vision Convulsion, trembling, irritability, headache,

difficulty in speak Palpitation, fatique, coma

MANAGEMENT Encourage client to limit carbohydrate intake Avoid serving coffee, soda and alcohol.

HYPOTHERMIA - low body temperature due to exposure to extreme cold.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Skin cold to touch Shivering Weakness Dowsiness Cyanosis Muscle rigidity Apathy Unconciousness Disorientation Mental confusion

MANAGEMENT Remove the victim from the cold environment Remove all wet clothing Wrapped with blanket or human body Instruct the victim not to thumed the affected part Rush the victim to the nearest hospital call 911.

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CONSTIPATION - Passing out of hard stool

MANAGEMENT Increase intake of water Let the client exercise Give high in fiber food (papaya, fruitiness,

oatmeal)

HOME MANAGEMENT

HOW TO CHANGE THE BED IF THE CLIENT IS BED RIDDEN

Wash hand, Assemble the equipment to be used in changing bed.

Identify the client and explain what you are going to do.

Provide privacy the patient Rolled down the blanket and top linen and discard it

to hamper Put a bath blanket over the top of the patients body. Ask the patient to scorch on the other side of the bed. Rolled the draw sheet, rubber sheet, and bottom sheet

toward the back of the patient. Place the new bottom sheet and spread and rolled the

other half towards the back of the patient, mitten the corner of the bottom sheet and tuck in under the mattress.

Ask patient to roll towards the newly replace linens and rolled out the soiled linen and draw sheets and discard.

Spread the other half of clean linen and mitten and tuck in under the matress

Remove the bath blanket.HOW TO AVOID ACCIDENT IN THE BATH ROOM

Always keep the bathroom floor dry and clean Always put a rubber mat on the floor or non skid

mat And clean the spill immediately

HOW TO CONTROL BLEEDING. Direct pressure Elevate the injured part of the patient Pressure bandage Pressure on supplying artery

OTHERS

HOW TO GET BLOOD PRESSURE?Wrap the cuff to the client arm one inch above

the antecubital fossa. It should be own and snug (two to three fingers breath on the brachial artery.) BP apparatus inflated up to the point where the last sound is heard.

Stethoscope is worn, the brachial artery is palpated and the diapram is place over the brachial artery. Thumbscrew tighten and the cuff is inflated up to the point expected palpatory. Thumbscrew loosened and the air release slowly. Eyes kept on the level of the mercury. Systolic and diastolic is noted. Air from the cuff is fully released. Record the B.P.

When getting blood pressure, make sure that the client has rested. Place on hand flat surface.

Put the cuff on arms and stethoscope in the brachial artery. Lock thumbscrew, inflate air. Then open, hear the first bound sound which is systolic and last significant sound is the diastolic.

SAFETY TIPS BEFORE DRIVING A CAR WITH CHILD

Place the child in safety seat and strap the child Place the safety seats at the back of the car and

buckle up the safety seat Adjust the safety buckle and safety strap not too tight

or not to loose.

USES AND IMPORTANCE OF WATER IN OUR NORMAL BODY

Water is vital to our body since 2/3 of our body weight is water.

It lubricates our eyes, internal organ, mouth and lips, joints and other parts of our body especially our brain.

Water also help transport nutrients and oxygen to various tissues and cells thru our blood vessels.

Regulate body temperature at 37oc. It helps in the assimilation of food in the circulation Use to maintain body function or provide additional

fluid to consume when thirsty. Involved every system of the body. Moister the oxygen used for health. Help to convert the food we eat into the energy we

need

BENEFITS OF EXERCISE It is important to enhance body function Make body strong and healthy Facilitate proper blood circulation Stress reduction Increased mental alertness Improved appetite Round sleep Reduces joint stiffness Maintain muscle strength Preventing muscular atrophy and deformities. Building endurance Stimulating circulation

IMPORTANCE OF PROPER DISPOSAL OF SOILED LINENS AND NAPPIES

To avoid unpleasant odor; avoid mess, avoid contamination and to avoid spreading of microorganism.

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DNR - Do not resuscitateSituation: CALL 911

Be sure to have emergency contact numbers by phone and have the address available or to provide your location accurately. If you have to report an emergency, you will save time because you will have the information on hand.

HANDWASHING

PROPER HANDWASHING PROCEDURES: Assemble the equipment Open a paper towel near the sink. This is considered

your clean area. Put all your equipment on it. Leave it there until your ready to leave the house

Turn the faucet on with a paper towel held between your hands and the faucet. Adjust the water to a comfortable temperature.

Discard the paper towel in the wastepaper basket. Completely wet your hands and wrists under the

running water. Keep your fingertips pointed downward. Hold your hands lower than your elbows while washing. This is to prevent microorganism from contaminating your arm. Holding your hands down prevents backflow over unwashed skin.

Apply soap. Work up a good lather. Spread it over the entire area

of your hands and wrist. Get soap under your nails and between your fingers. Add water to the soap while washing.

Use the nail brush on your nails. Use a rotating and rubbing motion for a

minimum of 15 seconds.a. Rub vigorouslyb. Rub one hand against the other hand and wrists.c. Rub between your fingers by interfacing them.d. Rub up and down to reach all skin surfaces on your

hands and between your fingers.e. Rub the tips of your fingers against your palm to

clean with fracture around the nail bend. Wash at least 2 inches above your wrist.

Rinse well one hand at a time. Rinse from 2 inches above you wrist to hands. Hold your hands and fingertips down under the water.Dry thoroughly with paper towel.Use a paper towel to turn off the faucet. Never touch the faucet with your hands after washing.Throw the paper towel into the waste-paper

basket. Do not touch the basket.

PROPER HANDWASHING PROCEDURESWash your hands before and after preparing food,

after using the toilet and before and after giving care even if gloves are worn. Scrub dirty nail as part of your hand washing routine.

Wet and soap your hand. Rub your palms together to form a lather. To clean thoroughly build-up the lather.

Rub the palm and finger of one hand over the back of the other. Inter locking the fingers.

Repeat for the other hand. To clean back of hand and between fingers

Lock together the closed fingers of both hands and rub the back of them against your palms. To clean palm and back of fingers simultaneously.

Clean each thumb by rubbing it against front of your fingers. To clean the thumb and front of finger simultaneously.

Clean your fingertips by rubbing them on the palm of the opposite hand. This also leans the palm.

Rinse your hands and dry them on a clean cloth and paper towel.

HANDWASHING GUIDELINESS Remove all the jewelry and accessory of the hand While opening -used a tissue and regulate the flow Get the soap – wet hands start with the cleanest

area to the dirtiest in circular motion then lather it.

Always start with the cleanest area to the dirtiest in circular motion.

Keep your fingertips pointed downward. Hold your hand lower than your elbow while washing to prevent backflow over unwashed skin.

Wash at least 2 inches above your wrist.

IMPORTANT OF HAND WASHING To prevent spreading of micro organism. Effective way of controlling the spread of micro

organism.WHY YOU HAVE TO WASH ALL OVER AGAIN WHEN ACCIDENTALLY TOUCH THE FAUCET?

Yes / Agree - Because you cant be sure if the faucet is contaminated with microorganism so you have to wash it all over again. There no harm if you repeat the procedure correctly.

AGREE / DISAGREE - PERINEAL CARE IS DONE TO THE BABY ONCE A DAY.

Disagree - perennial care is done while bathing the baby and it can also be done every time you change his diaper.

AGREE / DISAGREE - THAT YOU SHOULD READ THE LABEL OF CANNED GOODS ? WHY

Agree - to know the expiration date and the content of the product if it is safe to client because it may cause allergy or it might harmful to your client.AGREE / DISAGREE - THAT POISONOUS MATERIAL SHOULD BE KEPT AND LOCKED?

Agree - for the safety of the children.

AGREE / DISAGREE - ASSIST ONLY THE PATIENT IF THEY WILL ASK FOR IT OR NEEDED.

Disagree - because you will not help the patient only if they needed you. Its part of your job to help them but do not do all things for them specially if they can able to do so, your are there assist them.

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WHAT ARE THE SIGN AND SYMPTOM OF POISONING

Stain on clothing Unusual breath odor Sudden drowsiness Stomach pain Lithargy Discoloration of the skin Drooling Increase heart rate Convulsion

WHAT TO DO IF A PATIENT SWALLOWED A CORROSIVE POISION (Flammable with odor)

Do not induce vomiting and call control center immediately.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN SMOKING. Caution the client against smoking while seated

on upholstered furniture on the bed, especially when sleeping.

Caution the client from smoking especially when oxygen is being used in the home.

Smoke only in approved areas and observe the rules

Provide astray for those who smoke Be sure that the astray are not emptied in trash

container until all smoking materials are safely stinguished.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN THE HOUSE Avoid faulty or uneven stairs Do not use damage electrical wiring on large

and small appliances. Do not use loose rugs that slips Spills should be wiped up immediately Remove sharp object on the floor.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS OUTSIDE THE HOUSE Children must be watched closely to prevent

injuries Be safety conscious at all times

HOW WILL YOU DO THE PERINEAL CARE FOR FEMALE?

Douche the perineal area. Start using the rule of seven. Mons pubis to the labia majora to the anus. Reverse the milt. Do the same procedure to the other side. Retract clitoris, urethal matus, vaginal orifice down to the anus in a single stroke. Wash soap and rinse. Douche then put it dry.

HOW WILL YOU DO THE PERINEAL CARE FOR MALE?

Clean in a circular motion. Start from the rethral meatus to the glans penis. Hold the shaft, clean in

a single stroke, antenor, lateral, posterior and lateral. Rule of seven, mons pubis to scrotum down to the anus. If uncircumcised, retract the fore skin urethral meatus to the glans penis. Wash, soap and rinse. Douche and part dry.

SHAVING THE PERINEUM (same as with perineal care)

Wash you hand Wet the perineum w/ swabs with solution using

forceps and shave using 7 stroke from pubis downward finishing one side before going to other side.

Be careful not to injure the sensitive part. Rinse the razor after every few stroke.

Rinse the genital after shaving. Remove gloves and bath blanket. Back to position.

Documentation.

WHAT IS THIAMINE AND FOOD SOURCES It is a water soluble vitamin (B2) also known as

anti-beriberi. It is essential for converting food into energy and for the transmission of electrical signal in the nerves and muscles. It also has an important role in the formation of red blood cell and a member of digestive process.

Known as “morale vitamin” because it helps you to feel positive and happy and it is now widely used in the treatment of depression and anxiety.

Recommend daily allowance for adult 1.4 mg

MAIN FUNCTIONS Converts food into energy Keeps the brain functioning well Makes you feel good Improves all around health

DEFICIENCY SYNDROMS Weakness and muscle pain Irritability Numbness and prickling in legs Water retention Nausea and stomach pain Poor concentration

FOOD SOURCES OF THIAMINE Fortified bread Pasta Lean meat (pork) Dried beans Soy beans Cereal Whole grain Egg Fish beans Nuts Potato, broccoli, tomato, Fruits

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WHAT IS IODINE AND FOOD SOURCESIodine - some of the riches food of iodine are often processed food that contain iodized salt and bread contain, iodate dough condition.

Help ensure proper thyroid gland functioning Without iodine unable to synthesized thyroid and

triodothyromine. As of component of T4 & T3 is essential to

human life with out sufficient iodine your body is unable to synthesize there hormone and because the thyroid hormone regulate metabolism in every cell of the body and play a role virtually all physiological function.

FOOD SOURCES Sea vegetable Yogurt – lowfat Egg-whole boiled Strawberries Mozerella cheese Fish and shell fish

WITHOUT IODINE THE BODY Goiter Fatigue Weakness Weight gain

WHAT IF CARBOHYDRATE? FUNCTION AND SOURCES

Carbohydrate - provide heat and energy, / major source of energy for the body especially the brain.

FOOD SOURCE Bread, sodas, pastas, candy, sugar and honey Wines, beer Fruits, milk, legumes, cereals, whole grain rice,

potato

WHAT IS PROTEIN? FUNCTION AND FOOD SOURCE

Protein required for building and repair & maintain of body tissue

It is the source of energy It helps keep skin, hair and nails healthy Essential body processes such as water balancing,

nutrient transport, and muscle contraction.

FOOD SOURCE OF PROTEIN Egg, milk, soya milk, toffee, low fat yoghurt,

oatmeal Fish, cheese, roast beef, wart chicken, sausages Bacon, ham, corned beef, luncheon meat, nuts Watermelon, peaches, celery, avocado, asparagus,

broccoli

WHAT IS FAT? FUNCTION AND FOOD SOURCE

FAT – are organic compound that are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

They are a source of energy in foods, fats belong to a group of substances called lipids.

Supply calories to the body, it provides nine calories per gram.

Concentrated source of energy.

FOOD SOURCE Soybean, sunflower, fish, corn, pork, beef, chicken Milk, cheese, egg, oil, egg yolk, meat, butter, nuts

CALCIUM

WHAT IS CALCIUM? FUNCTION AND FOOD SOURCE

Help build and maintain bones and teeth Help regulate muscle tone and heartbeat Initiate blood clotting Assist transport of chemicals across all membranes Help function and protein, hormone and enzyone

SIGN OF DEFICIENCY OF CALCIUM Osteoporosis Bone deformities Muscle cramps Hypertension

FOOD SOURCE OF CALCUIM All dairy products except butter Dried peas and beans Fortified cereals, foods and juices Egg, green leafy vegetable Broccoli, legumes, nuts and milk

FOOD SOURCE OF IRON Meats, fish, beans, dried fruit Spinach, whole grain cereal Legumes, water melon, raisin, egg yolk Liver, salmon, tuna, oysters

WHAT IS IRON? FUNCTION AND FOOD SOURCE

IRON - it is needed to help our red blood cell deliver oxygen to the rest of the body.

It transport and storage of oxygen Aid in energy production and cell diffusion Helps the immune and control nervous system Low iron level can cause people to develop iron

deficiency anemia.

WHAT IS VITAMIN C AND ITS USE? ASCORBIC ACID

Required for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body.

Essential for the healing of wounds, and for the repair and maintenance of cartilage, bones and teeth.

Also an anti oxidant

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FOOD SOURCE OF VITAMIN C Green pepper, citrus fruit, juices, strawberries,

tomatoes Broccoli, sweet & white potato, cantaloupe,

papaya Mango, watermelon, brussel sprout, cauliflower,

cabbage Pineapples, cranberries, blue berries, raspberries

WHAT IS VITAMIN D AND ITS USED? CALCIFEROL

Promotes the body’s absorption of calcum, which is essential for the normal development and maintenance of healthy teeth and bones.

Increased exposure to sunlight increases serum level.

Play a role in regulating cellular growth and function in our brain cells, deficiency can cause rickets and osteomalacis.

FOOD SOURCE OF VITAMIN D Fatty fish / fish oil Exposure to sunlight Salmon , sardines, egg Milk

WHAT IS PYRICLOSINE (VIT. B6)? FUNCTION? FOOD SOURCE

Catalyzes urea production, synthuis of essential fatly acid

Conversion of niacin to tryptophan.

EFFECT OF DEFICIENCY Hypocronic anemia Irritability Convulsion Poor growth

FOOD SOURCE Corn oil, peanut oil, legumes, linseed oil, olive oil,

wheat germ oil, Soybean nut, colon seed oil Wheat/rice germ land

WHAT IS NIACIN? (VIT. B3) Anti-pellagra factor, anti blactongue factor Act as hydrogen and electron acceptors - energy

metabolism Needed for photosynthesis in plant and carbon

dioxide fixation in animal Cho, chon and fat metabolism, nervous system

function and digestive system, appitite.

EFFECT OF DEFICIENCY Pellagra Glossitis Angular stomatitis Bilateral dermatitis

SOURCES

Protein source Corn

WHAT IS RIBOFLAMIN (Vit. B2) Vit. G or lactoflavin Essential component of coenzymes – FMN Essential for protein, fat, carbohydrate metabolism Help maintain healthy sin, tongue and mouth,

normal vision, proper growth and development.

FOOD SOURCE Cheese, liver, milk, egg Legumes, seaweed, leafygen vigies, lean meat.

WHAT IS COPPER? Helps to maintain the integrity of the myelin

health surrounding the main fiber. Plays an unexplained role in bone formation Closely associated with iron function.

FOOD SOURCE Organ meats, shellfish, oyster, egg Mushroom, cherries, nut, fish, fresh fruit

WHAT IS ZINC? Occurs in all human cells in varying

concentration Host in immune disease In the eyes, male sex gland and secretion in hair,

skin and its appendages.

FOOD SOURCE Milk, oyster, nut Meat liver, egg, legumes, whole grain cereals

WHAT IS MAGNESIUM? Transfer of energy Metabolically active muscle tissue and liver Conduction of nerve impulse and allow normal

muscular contraction.

FOOD SOURCES Nuts, meat, milk, seafood Cocoa, whole grains, soybeans, dried beans,

green plant

WHAT IS CHLORINE? The major union in the extra cellular fluid Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and acid-

base balance.

FOOD SOURCES Table salt

WHAT IS SODIUM? Maintaining fluid balance, maintaining acid-base

balance Maintain normal muscle irritability or excitability.

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FOOD SOURCE Processed food Preservative and additive added to food Soy sauce Catsup Fish sauce Monosodium glutamate

WHAT IS SULFUR? Keratin protein of hair, skin and nails Participate in deto-cification.

FOOD SOURCE Dairy Meat Milk

WHAT IS POTASSIUM? Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance Act as a muscle relaxant in contact to calcium A significant role in the activity of the skeletal

and cardiac muscle.

FOOD SOURCE Banana All protein contain potassium Fruit juices Dark green vegetable

WHAT IS PHOSPHOROUS? Bone and teeth formation Important in patient regulation

FOOD SOURCE Cheese, milk and dairy product Meat, poultry, fish, egg, dried beans

WHAT IS PROPER HYDRATION? To maintain the water level of the body to

prevent dehydration and to strengthen the immune system in the long term.

The recommendation of drinking water is eight to 10 glasses of fluid a day it is a good average for most people in order to keep our bodies functioning properly. The average person loses approximately 2.5 L of fluid a day though ex-creation of waste sweat and exhaled air . that is just over ten cups of fluid we lose an a dirty basis. So in order to avoid dehydration we need to consume at lest that amount of fluids.

Drink water through out the day. Don’t wait until you feel thirsty.

Beverage such as coffee, sodas or alcohol are not substitute for water.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IN CASE YOUR CLEINT HAS DEHYDRATION - result of not having enough body fluids for the body to function.

Encourage patient to drink plenty of fluids but not alcoholic beverages.

Give oral dehydration salt Consult a doctor immediately If there is shock, rush to the nearest hospital.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IF YOUR CLIENT EXPERIENCING NIGHTMARE?

Give comforting words and explain to him that what he is experiencing is not real. A gentle touch may help.WHAT IS PROPER HYGIENE

It is a way of maintaining cleanliness of the body to promote good health and prevent illness.

AGREE OR DISAGREEIn proper body mechanics, to go to another

place, use big steps and turn directly toward the desired place.

Disagree - I suggested taking smaller step though it maybe slow, every step is sure, slowly but surely in other words, also, I advised not to twist whenever trying to reach or do things coz it might injure your back or your hips.

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