St Erkenwald 338-352

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

1/21

St. Erkenwald (338-352) Celia Prez Gracia

Rosa Piuel Vega

Hctor Portela Albarrn

1

Text and Translation:

338 And with reverence a rowme he rat hyr for ever.

And with reverence he granted over them a place for ever.

339 I heere erof my high God and also e, bysshop,

Therefore, I praise my high God and also you, bishop,

340 Fro bale has brot us to blis, blessed ou worth!

From bale has brought us to bliss,be blessed!

341 Wyt this cessyd his sowne, sayd no more,

With this his utterance ceased, he said no more,

342 Bot sodenly his swete chere swyndid and faylid

But suddenly his sweet face faded away and disappeared

343 And all the blee of his body wos blakke as e moldes,

And all the colour of his body was as black as clods.

344 As roten as e rottok at rises in powdere,

As rotten as the decayed matter that rises in powder.

345 For as sone as e soule was sesyd in blisse,

For as soon as the soul was possessed by bliss,

346 Corrupt was at oir crafte at covert e bones,

Corrupt was that other matter that coverted his bones,

347 For e ay-lastande life at lethe shall never

For the everlasting life that shall never cease.

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

2/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


2

348 Devoydes uche a vayneglorie at vayles so litelle

Eliminate each vanaglorie that avails so little

349 en wos lovyng oure Lord with loves uphalden

Then our loving Lord was raised up with loves

350 Meche mournyng and myrthe was mellyd togeder

Much mourning and mirth was mingled together

351 ai passyd for the in procession and alle e pepull folowid

They passed further in procession and all the people followed

352 And all the belles in the burgh beryd at ones.

And all the bells in the town rang out at once.

Phonological Analysis:

-AND (x3):

OE >PdE

OE [and]>(1)ME [and] > (2)ModE [nd]> PdE [nd] strong form/[nd] weak form

1.No lengthening because of homorganic consonant group because it is an unstressed

word.

2.1653:Fronting

-WITH:

OE > PdE

OE[wi+>(1)ME *wi]>ModE [wi]>PdE[w]

1.Voicing because it is an unstressed word.

-A:

OE > PdE

OE[a]>(1)ME [a]> PdE[] weak form

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

3/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


3

1.No lengthening because of homorganic consonant group because it is an unstressed

word.

-HE:

OE < h> > PdE

OE[he:]>ME[he:]>(1)eModE[hi:]>PdE[hi:]

1.Great Vowel Shift (G.V.S.)

-HYR:

OE >PdE

OE[hiere]>(1) (2)ME[hir()]>(3)ModE[hr]>(4)[h:r]>(5)[h:]>PdE [h:]

1.Reduction of OE diphthongs (monophthongization

2. Weakening and loss of endings.

3. 18th

century: Merger of er, ir, ur and wor into r.

4. 18th

century: Tendency of the short vowels to be lengthened when followed by s, ss,

r, f, v, th, r, r+consonant.

5. 20th

century: Loss of r in final position.

-FOR:

OE > PdE

OE[for]>ME [for]>(1)ModE [f:r]>(2)[f :]>PdE[f :]

1.18th



2.20th


-EVER:

OE > PdE

OE*:vre+>(1)(2)ME *:vr+>(3)(4)[evr]>(5)ModE[ev]>PdE[[ev]

1.Free change.

2.Loss of the vowel of the second syllable due to lack of stress.

3.Shortening because it is an unstressed word.

4.Epenthetic schwa.

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

4/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


4

5.20th

century: Loss of final r.

-I:

OE > PdE

OE[it]>(1)ME [i:]>(2)eModE [ai]>PdE[a]

1.Loss of the affricate [t] because it is an unstressed word and compensatory

lengthening.

2.G.V.S.

- EROF:

OE < rof> > PdE

OE< r> > PdE

OE[:r]>(1)lOE [:r ] >(2)ME *:r+>(3) eModE *er+>(4)18th[er]>(5)20th[e]>PdE [e]

1. Voicing because it is an unstressed word.

2. Free change.

3. Succesful r: no G. V. S.

4. 18

th

century: r-gliding.

5. 20th


OE [of] (doublet)

OE >PdE

OE [of] > (1)ME [ov] > PdE [v] strong form, [v] weak form.


OE > PdE

OE [of] > (1)ME [of] > PdE [f]

1. No voicing because it is not an unstressed word.

-MY:

OE > PdE

OE[mi:ne]>(1)ME>[mi:(n)]>(2)eModE [mai]>PdE[ma]

1.Weakening and loss of endings.

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

5/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


5

2.G.V.S.

-HEGH:

OE (Dialectal form) > PdE

OE[he:]>(1)ME [hi:]>(2)[hi:j] >(3)[hi:i]>(4)[hi:]>(5)eModE [hai]>(6)ModE[hai]>PdE[ha]

1. Palatal umlaut.

2. h-gliding.

3. Vocalization.

4. Monophthongization (Assimilation).

5. G.V.S.

6. 17th

century: Loss of final h.

-GOD:

OE > PdE

OE[god]> PdE [gd]

-ALSO:

OE > PdE

OE >PdE

OE [all]>(1)[all]>(2)lOE [al]>(3)ME [awl]>(4) [aul]>(5) 18th

[o:l]>PdE [:l]

1.Monophthongization and free change.

2.Simplification of geminates.

3. l-gliding.

4. Vocalization.

5. 18th

century: Monophthongization.

OE > PdE

OE [swa:] > OE sw *sw:] > (1) ME [sw:]> (2) [s:]>(3)ModE [so:]>(4)18th

[sou] >19th

[su]> PdE

[s]

1.Free change: Southern development.

2.Loss of /w/ next to a back vowel in an unstressed word.

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

6/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


6

3.G. V.S.

4.18th

century: Dipthonguization

5.19th

century: Centralization of the 1st

element of the dipthong.

- E:

OE > PdE

OE[e]>(1)lOE [e]>(2)ME []>ModE[]>PdE[]


2. Weakening because it is an unstressed word.

-BYSSHOP:

OE PdE

OE[biop]>(1)ME[bip]>ModE[bip]>PdE[bp]

1. Weakening of the vowel of the unstressed syllable.

-HAS:

OE > PdE

OE[hf]>(1)lOE[hs]>(2)(3)ME [haz]>(4)ModE [hz]>PdE[hz]

1. Change of [f+ into *s+ due to Old Norseinfluence.

2. Free change.

3. Voicing due to weakening.

4. 1653: Fronting.

-BRO:

OE > PdE

OE[bro:t]>(1)ME [bro t]> (2)ME [browt+>(3)brout+>(4)17th

[br:t]>(5)[ br:t]>PdE [br:t]

1.Shortening of long vowels when followed by two consonants.

2. h-gliding.

3. Vocalization.

4. 17th

century: Monophthongization.

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

7/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


7

5. Loss of h.

-US:

OE > PdE

OE[u:s]>(1)ME [us]>(2)ModE [s]>PdE [s]

1. Shortening because it is an unstressed word.

2. 1640: Centralization and loss of lip rounding.

-TO (doublet)

OE > PdE

OE[to:]>ME[to:]>(1)eModE[tu:]>(2)ModE [t]>PdE [t]

1. G.V.S.

2. Post 1640: Late shortening.

OE > PdE

OE [to:]>ME[to:]>(1)eModE [tu:]>PdE [tu:]

1.G. V. S.

-BLIS/BLISSE:

OE > PdE

OE[bliss]>(1) ME [blis]>ModE[blis]>PdE[bls]

1. Simplification of geminates.

-BLESSID:

OE (verb) > PdE

OE[ble:tsian]>MeE(1)[bletsian]>(2)ME [blets(in)]>(3)[bles]>ModE [bles]>PdE [bles]

1. Shortening before two consonants.


3. Assimilation due to the law of the least effort.

-OU:

OE > PdE

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

8/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


8

OE [u:]>(1)ME [u:]>(2)eModE [au]>PdE [a]

1. Voicing of initial // because it is an unstressed word.

2. G.V.S.

-WORTH:

OE >PdE

OE [weorn]>(1)(2)ME [wor(n)]>(3)ModE [wr]>(4) [w:r]>(5) [w:]>PdE [w:]

1. Reduction of diphthongs: South Western development.


3. 18th

century: Merger of ir, er, ur and wor in r.

4. 18th



5. 19th

century: Loss of r when followed by other consonant.

-THIS:

OE > PdE

OE[is]>(1)ME [is]>ModE [is]> PdE [s]


-CESSYD/SESYD:

OF > PdE

(1)ME [s:s()]>(2)eModE [se:s]>[si:s]>PdE [si:s]


2. G. V. S.

-HIS:

OE > PdE

OE[his]>(1)ME [hiz]>ModE [hiz]>PdE [hz]


-SAYD:

OE >PdE

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

9/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


9

OE[sjde]>(1)(2)(3)ME [said()]>(4)[sa:d]>(5)ModE [s d+>*s:d+>*se:d+>(6)*sed+>PdE *sed+

1. Free change.

2. Vocalization.


4. Merger: [ai], [ei],[a:].

5. G.V.S.

6. Shortening because it is in unstressed position.

-NO:

OE > PdE

OE[na:t]>(1)ME [n: t]>(2)[n: wt]>(3)[n:ut]> ModE(4)[ no:t+>(5)17th[no:t]>PdE [n:t]

1. Free change: Southern variety.

2. h-gliding.

3. Vocalization.

4. Monophthongization.

5.17th

Loss of h.

-MORE:

OE > PdE

OE[ma:ra]>(1)(2)ME [m:r]>(3)eModE [m:r] >(4)ModE[m:]>PdE[m:]

1. Free change: Southern development.


3. Successful r.

4. 20th

century: loss of r in final position.

-BOT:

OE > PdE

OE[bu:tan]>(1)ME [bu:t(n)]>(2)eModE [but]>(3)[bt]>PdE [bt]


2. Before 1640: early shortening.

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

10/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


10


-SODENLY:

OE > PdE

OE[sudenlij]>(1) ME[sudenlii]>(2)[sudenli:]>(3)[sudnli:]>(4)eModE [sudnli]>(5)[sdnli]>PdE

[sdnli]

1. Vocalization.

2.Monophthongization.

3. Weakening due to lack of stress.

4.Early shortening due to lack of stress: no G. V.S.


-SWETE:

OE > PdE

OE[swe:te]]>(1)Me [swe:t()]>(2)eModE[swi:t]>PdE[swi:t]


2. G. V. S.

-FAYLID:

OF > PdE

ME [failir]>(1)[fail(ir)]>(2)[faijl]>(3)[fa:l]>(4)1500 [f:l]>(5)[f:l]>[fe:l]>(6)19th[feil]> PdE[fel]


2.Vocalization.

3. Merger: [ai], [ei], [a:].

4. 1500: Fronting.

5. G. V. S.

6. Diphthongization.

-ALL:

OE > PdE

OE [all] > (1)lateOE [ll] > (2)[wll] > (3) [wl] > (3) ME [aul] > (4)18th[:l] > PdE [:l]

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

11/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


11

1.Monophthongization and free change

2. l-gliding.

1. Simplification of geminates

3. Vocalization.

4. Monophthongization.

-OF:

OE > PdE

OE[of] > (1) ME[ov] > PdE [v], [v]


-BODY:

OE < bodi> > PdE

OE [bodj]> (1) ME [bodii] > (2) [bod ]> (3) [bodi] > PdE [bd]

1.Vocalization.

2.Assimilation.

3.Shortening due to lack of stress.

-WAS:

OE > PdE

OE [ws] > (1)ME waz > (2)eModE [wz] > PdE [wz] (strong form), [wz] (weak form)


2. Rounding influence of w.

-BLAKKE:

OE > PdE

OE[blk] > (1)ME[blak]>(2)1653[blk]>PdE [blk]

1. Free Change

2. Fronting

-AS:

OE > PdE

OE [s] > (1) ME [az] > (2) 1653 [z] > PdE [z]

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

12/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


12


2. Fronting.

-ROTEN:

OE > PdE

OE[rotian]>(1)ME[rot]>PdE[rot]


-AT:

OE > PdE

OE [t] > (1) ME [at] > (2) 1653 [t] > PdE [t], [t]


2. Fronting.

-RISES:

OE>PdE

OE[ri:zan] > (1)ME[ri:z] >(2)eModE[raz]> PdE[raz]

1. Loss of endings

2. G.V.S.

-PAWDERE:

OF>PdE

OF[pu:dr] > (1)ME[pu:dr] > (2)eModE [padr] >(3)20th[pad] >PdE[pad]

1. Epenthetic schwa.

2. G.V.S.

3. Loss of r in final position.

-SONE:

OE > PdE

OE[so:ne]>(1)ME[su:n]>(2)eModE[su:n]>PdE[su:n]

1. Loss of final e.

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

13/21

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

14/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


14

3. Tendency of short vowels to be length when followed by s,ss,f,u,r,r+cons.

4. Velarization.

-BONES:

OE > PdE

OE[b:n] > (1)ME[b :] >(2)eModE [bo:n]>(3)18th

[bon] >(4)19th

[bn] > PdE[bn]

1. Free change:South variety.

2. G.V.S.

3. Diphthongization

4. Centralization of the first element of the diphthong.

-FOR:

OE > PdE

OE [for]> ME [for]> (1)18th

[f:r]>(2)20th[f :] > PE [f:]

1. Tendency of short vowels to be lenghtened when followed by s, ss, f, v, th,r, r+cons.

2. Loss of final r.

-LASTANDE:

OE >PdE

OE[lst]>(1)ME [last]>(2)1653[lst]>(3)18th

[l:st]>(4)19th

[l:st]>PdE[l:st]

1. Free change.

2. Fronting.

3. Tendency of short vowels to be length when followed by s,ss,f,u,r,r+cons.

4.Velarization.

-LIFE:

ME > PdE

ME *lf+ > (1) eModE *laif+ > PdE *laf]

1. GVS

-SHALL:

OE > PdE

OE[al] > (1)ME[al] > (2)1653[l] > PdE[l]

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

15/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


15

1. Reduction of diphthongs.

2. Fronting

-NEVER:OE > PdE

OE [n:vre] > (1)ME[n:vr] > (2)[nevr] > (3)20th

[nev] > PdE[nev]

1. Loss of the vowel of the second syllable due to lack of stress.

2. Early shortening pre-GVS because it is a grammatical word. Epenthetic schwa.

3. Loss of final r.

-VAINEGLORIE:

OF > PdE

ME [vain] > (1) & (2) [va:n()+ > (3) ModE *v:n+ > *v :n]> [ve:n] > (6) 19th [vein] > PdE [ven]

1. Merger of /ai/, /ei/ >/a:/


5. Great vowel shift.

6. Diphthongization.

OF > PdE[glor]

ME [gl:ri] > (1) ModE [gl:ri] = PdE

1. No Great Vowel Shift because successfulr.

-LITELLE:

OE/ / Oblique case> PdE

OE [l:tlan] > (1)&(2)ME [li:tl(n)] > (3) [litl]> (4) [litl] = PdE [ltl]

1. North Eastern development of y.


8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

16/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


16

3. 14th

Shortening because long vowel + 2 consonants (no lengthening group).

4. Epenthetic .

-EN:

OE > PdE

OE [en] > (1) ME [en] > ModE [en]> PdE [en]

1. Voicing of [] because it is an unstressed word.

-OURE (from < re >):

OE > PdE

OE [u:re ] > (1) ME [u:r()] > (2) ModE [aur] > (3) 18th [aur] > (4) 20th [au] > PdE [a]

1. Weakening and loss of ending.

2. G.V.S.

3. R-gliding.

4. 20th

Loss of final r.

-LORDE:

OE > PdE

OE [hl:vord] > (1) (2) (3) ME [(h)l:v()rd] > [l:vrd] > (4) [l:rvd] > (5) ModE [l:rd] > (6) 19th c.

[l:d] > PdE [l:d]

1. Loss of h in initial position.

2. Free change.

3. Weakening and loss.

4. Loss of v close to a consonant group.

5. Successul r.

6. Loss of r when followed by a consonant.

-LOVES:

OE > PdE

OE [luvian] > ME (1) [luv] > 1640 (2) [lv] > PdE [lv]

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

17/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


17

1. Loss of ending.

2. Centralization and loss of lip rounding.

-HOLDE:

OE > PdE

OE West Saxon.

Anglian dialect: OE [hldn] > (1) lOE [h:ldan]> (2) & (3)ME [h:ldn] > >(4) 15th [h:ld] > (5)

ModE [h:ld] > (6) 18th[hould] > (7) 19th[hld] = PdE [hld]

1. Lengthening due to homorganic consonant group, /a/ +/ ld/.

2. Free change: southern development.

3. Weakening

4. Loss of endings.

5. G. V. S.

6. 18th

Diphtongization.

7. 19th

Centralization of the first element of the diphthong.

-MECHE (from ):

OE > PdE

OE [mtel] > (1) ME [mutl] > (2) [mut()l] > (3) lME [mut] > (4) 1640 [mt] >PdE [mt]

1. Western development of y.

2. Weakening and loss of the vowel of the second syllable.

3. Loss of[l] closed to [t].

4. Centralization and loss of lip rounding.

-MYRTHE:

OE > PdE

OE[mrij]>(1)ME [mirii]>(2)[mur(i)]> (3) 18th[mr] > (4)*m:r+>(5)19th* m:]=PdE

[m:]

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

18/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


18

1. Northern/Eastern development of y .

2. Assimilation and least effort law.

3. 18th

century: Merger of ir, er, ur and wor into r.

4. 18th

century: Tendency of short vowels to be lenghthened when followed by , s, ss,

th, f, r, r+consonant.

5. 19th

century: Loss of r when followed by consonant.

-TOGEDER:

OE > PdE

OE t gdere, gaderian,

ME [togedere] > (1) ME [tgedr] > (2) [tgedr] > (3) 17th [tger] > PdE [tger]

1.Weakening of the vowel of the first syllable due to lack of stress. Loss of the

vowel of the last syllable due to lack of stress.

2.Epenthetic .

3.Fricatization due to proximity to r.

-PASSYD

ME >PdE From OF

ME [pass-] > (1) & (2) ME [pas(s)(-)]> (3) ModE 1653[ps] >(4) 18th

[p:s] >(5) 19th

[ps]=

PdE [ps]

1.

Simplification of the geminate.


3. 1653 Fronting.

4. 18th

century: Tendency of short vowels to be lenghthened when followed by , s, ss,

th, f, r, r+consonant.

5.

19thVelarization.

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

19/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


19

-PEPULL:

OE > PdE

Fr. peple

ME [pe:pl] > (1) [pe:pl] > (2) [pe:pl] > (3) e.ModE [pi:pl] > PdE [pi: pl]


2. Epenthetic .

3. G. V. S.

-BELLES:

OE > PdE

OE [bell] > (1) ME[bel (l)] > PdE [bel]

1.Simplification of geminates.

-ONE:

OE > PdE

OE [:n] > (1)ME [:n] > (2) [w:n] > (3)[wo:n] > (4) [wn] >Before 1640 (early shortening)[wun] >1640 [wn] > PdE [wn]

1. South

2. Dialectal development of [w]. W-formation. W develops before back vowels in

word initial position.

3. Rounding influence of [w]

4. GVS

Graphic Analysis:

-OE was substituted in ME by by the Anglo-Norman Convention (ANC). appeared

for the last time in 1258 in the Oxford Provisions. i.e. OE - PdE

- In PdE, diacritic was used to indicate that the vowel of the previous syllable

was long. i. e.-

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

20/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


20

- After 1400, (thorn) and (eth), which represented [] and [] indistinctively, were

replaced by according to ANC. In PdE, represents both [ ] and []. E.g: -

-By ANC, ME came to be represented as , between vowels. i.e. - -In ME by ANC in final position was represented by in monosyllabic words. In

polysyllabic words in word-final position it was represented by means of

. i.e. -

-In ME, by ANC, diacritic was used to indicate that the vowel of the previous

syllable was long. i.e. -

- In ME, the grapheme (yogh) could represent the phonemes [[, [g[, [j[, [] and [[. In PdE,

is used to represent ME [] and was introduced by by Anglo-Norman Convention. [. i.

e.-

Semantic Analysis:

Ne

Nowadays means not, that come from another word .

Until the 18th Century, the more negative particles they used the stronger the negation was.In PdE we need an odd number of negative particles, two negations imply an affirmation.

But

O.E. butan, buton "unless, except, without, outside," Not used as a conjunction in O.E.

For

O.E.for "for, before, on account of,"

With

In OE had the meaning of against. We find in OE the word with the meaning of

the PE preposition with. In ME, mid is introduced from French with the meaning of

middle so, to avoid confusion, OE is lost and its meaning (with) is acquired by

which now loses its original meaning. Traces of the original meaning can be found in withdraw,

notwithstanding, etc. We find OE mid in the PdE word midwife that is whoever is with a

woman at the time of birth.

8/10/2019 St Erkenwald 338-352

21/21


Rosa Piuel Vega


21

Burgh

Originally, OE referred to what we nowadays consider a medieval Fortress or walled

town. Due to the fact that the structure of towns has changed over the last centuries, PdE

makes use of the words city andtown. Whereas has its roots in O.FR. , which

obviously derived from Latin , derives from OE , which backthen carried

the meaning of enclosed land with buildings. Interestingly,we can detect Anglo-Germanic

roots in many current city names (i.e. Hamburg, Pittsburgh, Edinburgh, etc.). Furthermore, PdE

, which obviously derives from OE as well, usually applies to an

administrative district of a town or city.

Not

In PdE, is listed as an archaic form of in the dictionary, being especially

used in poetic language. However, both words derive from different OE words. Whereas PdE

derives from OE , PdE derives from OE .

St Erkenwald 338-352

Documents