SSG-Life Sciences: Proposed Scientific Research Programs 2013-2018.

SSG-Life Sciences:

Proposed Scientific Research Programs 2013-2018

Motivation

• The current SCAR Life Sciences Programme (EBA) will end in 2013

• July 2009: First discussion at the SCAR X Biology Symposium

• May 2010: Workshop resulting in 2 new programme proposals: 25 participants, 12 countries

New Programme Premises

• Biodiversity dictates how ecosystems function and underpins the life-support system of our planet

• Antarctic ecosystems are under stress:– Climate change (T, precipitation, sea ice, pH)– Human impact (invasive species, exploitation)– Extreme events (ice shelf collapse)

Antarctic is biologically unique

• Community complexity

• How it will respond to environmental change

Antarctic informs

• a wider ecological debate about stability and change in ecosystems

Two Key Questions Now

• What is the STATE of the Antarctic ecosystem?

• What are the biological PROCESSES that define the Antarctic ecosystem tolerance limits and determine its resistance and resilience to change?

STATE of the

Antarctic Ecosystem

(AntEco)

In response, we propose two new Programmes:

Antarctic Ecosystem

THRESHOLDS and

RESILIENCE(AntETR)

THRESHOLDS and RESILIENCETHRESHOLDS and RESILIENCESTATE STATE

Defining Questions:

-What is there?-How did it get there?-Why is it there?-What threatens it?

Defining Questions:

How close to the cliff are we?-What happens before we reach the cliff?-What does the cliff look like?-What is the future beyond the cliff?

THRESHOLDS and RESILIENCETHRESHOLDS and RESILIENCESTATE STATE

Key Questions:

- How has Antarctic biology responded to past change and what does this tell us about the capacity to respond to future change?- How do we explain the origin, current distribution and abundance of biodiversity?- What are the threats and the implications for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem services?

Key Questions:

- How does genetic variation underlie the life history and physiological adaptation of polar organisms?- How do species traits impact on community interactions and stability, thereby influencing nutrient cycles, energy transfer and productivity? Will invasive species have catastrophic impacts?- What are the consequences of a changing environment for ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services?

THRESHOLDS and RESILIENCETHRESHOLDS and RESILIENCESTATE STATE

Addressing the questions:

- Census biodiversity with sustained observing platforms- Understand species radiation and extinctions-Apply new molecular approaches, remote sensing and other technological innovations along with simple, repeatable baseline surveys-Model and predict biodiversity-environment interactions, patterns and regionalization

Addressing the questions:

- Understand organismal physiology, systems biology and the drivers of productivity in the context of stress- Develop an integrative view of the vulnerability of Antarctic biota- Apply new “-omics” and physiological approaches- Model and predict thresholds and resilience

THRESHOLDS and RESILIENCETHRESHOLDS and RESILIENCESTATE STATE

Addressing the questions:

- Integrate with geological record, glaciology and palaeoecology-Increase resolution of climate-environmental models- Include special habitats (e.g. subglacial, seamounts, vents)- Identify special characteristics such as uniqueness, endemism and refugia

Addressing the questions:

- Develop and maintain long term environmental data to identify tipping points - Integrate functional process data with existing data bases

Why Now?

• Physical and biological measurements of the Earth’s system now confirm that the Antarctic is outside the range of natural variability

• Now is the time to assess the STATE of the ecosystem and the biological PROCESSES that will determine its vulnerability and resilience

Stakeholders

Contribute to:

• ATS parties and CEP

• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Inter-governmental Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

Links to:

• SCAR Programmes (ACE, AGCS, SALE, EBA and their successors)

• Other Antarctic initiatives: ACCE, CCAMLR, COML, ANTABIF, SOOS

Deliverables

• High impact synthesis papers

• Interdisciplinary interactions

• Contributions to IPCC

• Contributions to ACCE

• New databases

• Capacity building (APECS)

• Outreach

• New Expert Group on Impacts of Humans and Invasive Species on Antarctic Ecosystems

THRESHOLDS and RESILIENCETHRESHOLDS and RESILIENCESTATE STATE

Unique deliverables:

- new Terrestrial “CAML” including ICEMATE-Genetic and barcoding metadatabase-GIS products (visualising bioregionalisation)-Recommendations to the CEP’s 5-year plan (e.g. prediction of distribution and biodiversity changes, ship-borne tourism, MPAs, ASPAs)

Unique deliverables:

-New, process-oriented parameters to ANTABIF

AcknowledgementsProfessor Guido Di Prisco ItalyDr Cinzia Verde ItalyProfessor Piero Luporini Italy*Professor Roberto Bargagli ItalyDr Stefano Schiaparelli ItalyProfessor Pete Convey UKProfessor Andy Clarke UKDr Katrin Linse UKDr Dominic Hodgson UKDr Antonio Quesada SpainDr Julian Gutt GermanyProfessor Angelika Brandt

GermanyDr Marc Lebouvier France

Professor Wim Vyverman Belgium

Dr Brent Sinclair Canada

Dr Martin Riddle Australia

Dr Clive Howard-Williams New Zealand

Dr Lucia Campos Brazil

Dr Elie Poulin Chile

Professor Diana Wall USA

Dr Renuka Badhe SCAR

Dr Yves Frenot CEP and COMNAP

Dr Kathy Conlan SSG-LS

Dr Lou Newman APECS

Ms Shulamit Gordon EBA Secretary