SSC JUNIOR ENGINEER CIVIL · 2018. 1. 19. · SSC JUNIOR CIVILENGINEER & STRUCTURAL R E G • Head Office : B-32, Sivali Mi Rad, Malviy Ngar, ... SSC Junior Civil and Structural Solved

General Engineering

General Intelligence and Reasoning

General Awareness

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SSC JUNIOR ENGINEER

CIVIL& STRUCTURAL Recruitment Exam Guide

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CONTENTSSSC Junior Civil & Structural Solved Paper-2014 2014-1 - 20

SECTION-A : CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING1. Mechanics & Structural Analysis Mechanics A-1 - A-122. Concrete Structures A-13 - A-203. Steel Structures A-21 - A-304. Soil Mechanics A-31 - A-425. Fluid Mechanics And Hydraulics A-43 - A-566. Hydrology A-57 - A-647. Water Requirements A-65 - A-728. Highway Planning A-73 - A-869. Traffic Engineering A-87 - A-9410. Surveying A-95 - A-100

SECTION B : GENERAL INTELLIGENCE & REASONING1. Analogy B-1 - B-92. Classification B-10 - B-143. Series B-15 - B-234. Coding-Decoding B-24 - B-335. Blood Relation B-34 - B-406. Direction & Distance B-41 - B-537. Time Sequence, Number & Ranking Test B-54 - B-598. Number Puzzle B-60 - B-679. Logical sequence of words B-68 - B-7110. Clock & Calendar B-72 - B-7811. Venn Diagrams B-79 - B-8612. Syllogism B-87 - B-9913. Mathematical Operation B-100 - B-10314. Arithmetical Reasoning B-104 - B-10715. Matrix Based Reasoning B-108 - B-11116. Statement & Conclusions B-112 - B-11617. Cube & Dice B-117 - B-12518. Completion of Figure B-126 - B-13319. Figure Formation & Analysis B-134 - B-13920. Paper Cutting & Folding B-140 - B-14521. Visual Reasoning B-146 - B-15122. Mirror and Water Image B-152 - B-15723. Embedded Figure B-158 - B-16124. Non-Verbal Series B-162 - B-166

SECTION C : GENERAL AWARENESS1. History C-1 - C-222. Geography C-23 - C-423. Polity C-43 - C-604. General Science C-61 - C-1035. Economy C-104 - C-1176. Miscellaneous C-118 - C-1327. Current Affairs C-133 - C-140

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONThe examination will be conducted in two stages:A. Written Test (500 marks)B. Interview (100 marks)Scheme of Written Test :

Papers Subject Maximum Duration &Marks Timings

Paper-I (i) General Intelligence & Reasoning 50Objective type (ii) General Awareness 50(OMR Answer (iii) Part-A : General Engineering (Civil & Structural) 100Sheets will be ORprovided for Part-B : General Engineering (Electrical) 2 Hoursthis Paper) OR

Part-C : General Engineering (Mechanical)

Part -A : General Engineering (Civil & Structural) Paper-II ORConventional Part - B : General Engineering (Electrical) 300 2 HoursType OR

Part-C : General Engineering (Mechanical)

Note-I : Paper-I and Paper-II for General Engineering, the candidate will be required to attempt only onepart i.e. Part-A or Part-B or Part-C as per option given in the application form by the candidate.In other words, the candidates appearing for the post of Junior Engineer (Civil), Junior Engineer(Quantity Surveying & Contract) should attempt Part A (Civil & Structural) of Paper-I andPaper-II and the candidates appearing for the post of Junior Engineer (Electrical) should attemptPart-B (Electrical) and the candidates appearing for the post of Junior Engineer (Mechanical)should attempt Part C (Mechanical) of Paper-I and Paper II failing which he/she would beawarded zero marks.

Note-II : Candidates are allowed to bring their own Slide-Rule, Non Programmable Calculator, LogarithmTables and Steam Table for Paper-II only. They are not allowed to use such aids for Paper-I.

General Intelligence and Reasoning

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 1 to 10) : In questions, select the relatedword/letters/number from given alternatives.

1. Uttarakhand : Dehradun : : Mizoram : ?(a) Aizawl (b) Kohima(c) Shillong (d) Darjeeling

2. Crime : Court : : Disease : ?(a) Doctor (b) Medicine(c) Hospital (d) Treatment

3. YQXP : JBIA : : OVNU : ?(a) FAGZ (b) HRIS(c) DKCJ (d) DNEO

4. ADGJ : BEHK : : DGJM : ?(a) KPUB (b) GJMP(c) KNQT (d) PSVY

5. ACE : BDF : : GIK : ?(a) HJL (b) AXP(c) CFG (d) GFC

6. CAT : BIG : : DDY : ?(a) CLL (b) CLM(c) CML (d) CEP

7. 1 : 1 : : 10 : ?(a) 12 (b) 110(c) 210 (d) 1000

8. 7 : 56 : : 5 : ?(a) 25 (b) 26(c) 30 (d) 35

9. The following numbers fall in a group. Which one does notbelong to the group?53, 63, 83, 73(a) 53 (b) 63(c) 83 (d) 73

10. Which one is the same as Mumbai, Kolkata and Cochin?(a) Delhi (b) Kanpur(c) Chennai (d) Sholapur

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 11 to 17) : In questions, find the odd word/letters/number pair from the given alternatives.

11. (a) Kolkata (b) Vishakhapatnam(c) Bengaluru (d) Haldia

12. (a) Cabbage (b) Carrot(c) Potato (d) Beetroot

13. (a) HGFE (b) PONM(c) DCBA (d) MSTU

14. (a) GFI (b) VUX(c) POR (d) LKM

15. (a) vwqp (b) yxmn(c) gfkl (d) cbrs

16. (a) (324,18) (b) (441, 72)(c) (117, 81) (d) (186,14)

17. (a) (11,121) (b) (25,625)(c) (12. 141) (d) (15, 225)

18. Find the smallest number which when divided by 25, 40 or 56has in each case 13 as remainder.(a) 1413 (b) 1400(c) 1439 (d) 1426

19. Arrange the following words as per order in the dictionary :1. Emplane 2. Empower3. Embrace 4. Elocution5. Equable(a) 5, 1, 3, 2, 4 (b) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5(c) 4, 3, 1, 2, 5 (d) 4, 5, 2, 3, 1

20. Which one of the given responses would be a meaningfulorder of the following words?1. Sowing 2. Tilling3. Reaping 4. Weeding(a) 3, 1, 2, 4 (b) 2, 1, 4, 3(c) 1, 2, 4, 3 (d) 1, 3, 2, 4

21. Arrange the colours of the rainbow (in the reverse order)(from the top edge):1. Blue 2. Indigo3. Yellow 4. Green5. Violet(a) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5 (b) 4, 3, 1, 5, 2(c) 5, 3, 4, 2, 1 (d) 2, 4, 3, 1, 5

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 22 to 24): In questions, a series is given, withone term missing. Choose the correct alternative from the givenones that will complete the series.

22. CEG, JLN, QSU, ? .(a) QOS (b) TVY(c) HJL (d) UVW

23. B-1, D-2, F-4, H-8, J-16, ? .(a) K-64 (b) L-32(c) M-32 (d) L-64

24. CGJ, KOR, TXA, ? .(a) ACE (b) JDP(c) FJM (d) UWY

Time : 2 hours Max. Marks : 200

SSC Junior Civil and StructuralSolved Paper-2014

Held on 25-05-2014

2014-2 SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 25 to 29) : In questions, find the missing numberfrom the given responses.

25.?

2

6

1022

42

86

170

(a) 422 (b) 374(c) 256 (d) 342

26.

? 9

22 13

(a) 40 (b) 38(c) 39 (d) 44

27. 8

?7

43

6 31 21

5

4

13

325

(a) 56 (b) 57(c) 58 (d) 59

28.22

20

11

5

3 428 5 357121

25

6 5?

(a) 176 (b) 115(c) 157 (d) 131

29. 63

7 9 1

3 1 7 ?

(a) 3 (b) 9(c) 5 (d) 2

30. Arrange the letters to form a word and suggest what is it.NGDEALN(a) State (b) Country(c) River (d) Ocean

31. If A = 1, B = 2 and N = 14, then BEADING = ?(a) 2154 (14) 97 (b) 2514 (14) 79(c) 25149 (14) 7 (d) 2154(14)79

32. If A = l, AGE = 13, then CAR = ?(a) 19 (b) 20(c) 21 (d) 22

33. If an electric train runs in the direction from North to Southwith a speed of 150 km/hr covering 2000 km, then in whichdirection will the smoke of its engine go ?(a) N®S (b) S®N(c) E®W (d) No direction

34. If 1 = 1, 2 = 3,3 = 5 and 4 = 7, then 5 = ?(a) 9 (b) 7(c) 5 (d) 8

35. Find the answer of the following:7 + 3 = 42111 + 7 = 4779 + 5 = 4456 + 2 = ?(a) 444 (b) 412(c) 475 (d) 487

36. Find the odd number out:18, 34, 36, 54(a) 34 (b) 54(c) 18 (d) 36

37. Introducing a girl, Ram said to his son-in-law. "Her brotheris the only son of my brother-in-law." Who is the girl ofRam?(a) Sister-in-law (b) Niece(c) Daughter (d) Sister

38. Which of the following are the lines of symmetry?'C

E

A

G

D

F

B

H

(a) AB and CD(b) EE and GH(c) All of the above(d) None of the above

39. Murthy drove from town A to town B. In the first hour, he

travelled 14 of the journey. In the next one hour, he travelled

12 of the journey. In the last 30 minutes, he travelled 80 km.

Find the distance of the whole journey.(a) 240 km (b) 300 km(c) 320 km (d) 360 km

SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering 2014-340. Identify the answer figure from which the pieces given in

question figure have been cut.Question figure :

Answer figures:

A B C D 41. Which of the answer figures is not made up only by the

components of the question figure ?Question figure:

Answer figures:

A B C D42. Which of the following numbers is present only in the square

and the circle?

54 3

2

1

(a) 5 (b) 4(c) 3 (d) 2

43. Which figure represents the relation among Computer,Internet and Information Communication Technology?

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 44 and 45): In questions, one or two statementsare given, followed by three/four conclusions/Arguments, I, II,III and IV. You have to consider the statements to be true, even ifthey seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You areto decide which of the given Conclusions/ Arguments candefinitely be drawn from the given statement(s). Indicate youranswer.44. Statements:

1. SAGE is a reputed publisher of both journals and books.2. All publishing of SAGE is highly qualitative.Conclusions:I. SAGE publishes qualitative articles.II. SAGE did not publish lowest quality articles.III. SAGE enriches its publications by high scrutinization.(a) Only conclusion III(b) All conclusions .(c) Only conclusions I and II(d) Only conclusions II and III

45. Statement:Should little children be loaded with such heavy schoolbags?Arguments:I. Yes, heavy bag means more knowledge.II. No, heavy school bags spoil the posture of the

children.III. Yes. children need to be adapted for earning knowledge.IV. No, a heavy bag never ensures knowledge gathering.(a) I and III appear to be strong arguments.(b) I and III are poor arguments(c) II and IV are strong arguments(d) I and IV are strong arguments

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 46 and 47) : In questions, which answer figurewill complete the pattern in the question figure?

46. Question figure:

Answer Figures :

A B C D47. Question figure :

?

Answer Figures :

A B C D

2014-4 SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering48. A piece of paper is folded and cut as shown below in the

question figures. From the given answer figures. indicatehow it will appear when opened.Question figure:

Answer Figures :

49. If a mirror is placed on the line MN, then which of the answerfigures is the correct image of the question figure?Question figure:M

NAnswer figures :

A B C D50. In the following questions, a matrix of certain characters is

given. These characters follow a certain trend. row-wise orcloumn-wise. Find out this trend and choose the missingcharacter accordingly.

9 10 55 6 44 6 4

536 660 ?

(a) 450 (b) 550(c) 320 (d) 420

General Awareness51. Classification of Economics into two branches (Macro

Economics and Micro Economics) was done by(a) J.M. Keynes (b) Milton Friedman(c) Ragnar Frisch (d) Adam Smith

52. 'Capital Goods' refers to goods which(a) Serve as a source of raising further capital(b) Help in the further production of goods(c) Directly go into the satisfaction of human wants(d) Find multiple uses

53. NNP is equal to(a) GNP + Depreciation(b) GNP – Depreciation(c) GNP + Exports(d) GNP – Exports

54. Rate of growth of an economy is measured in terms of (a) Percapita income(b) Industrial development(c) Number of people who have been lifted above the

poverty line(d) National income

55. The basic characteristic of oligopoly is(a) A few sellers, a few buyers(b) A few sellers, many buyers(c) A few sellers, one buyer(d) Many sellers, a few buyers

56. Governor will act on the advice of Council of Ministers while(a) Dissolving the Legislative Assembly(b) Appointing the Chairman of the State Public Service

Commission(c) Recommending for President's Rule in the State(d) Returning a bill for reconsideration

57. The Supreme Court of lndia was set up by the(a) Regulating Act, 1773 (b) Pitts India Act, 1784(c) Charter Act, 1313 (d) Charter Act, 1833

58. Which Constitutional Amendment provided Constitutionalstatus to Panchayat Raj Institutions?(a) 93rd Amendment (b) 44th Amendment(c) 42nd Amendment (d) 73rd Amendment

59. Who has the power to pardon in case of capital punishment ?(a) Prime Minister(b) President(c) Chief Justice(d) Attorney General of India

60. The Union Public Service Commission of India has beenestablished under(a) Article 315 (b) Article 320(c) Article 325 (d) Article 335

61. The Harappans worshipeed(a) Shiva, Parvathi and Vishnu(b) Mother Goddess and Pashupathi(c) Vishnu and Mother Goddess(d) Pashupathi and Vishnu

62. Gandhiji started the Dandi March for(a) Poorna Swaraj(b) Home-rule(c) Protest against the imposition of Salt Tax(d) Responsible Government

63. The famous court poet of Akbar was(a) Birbal (b) Tulsidas(c) Rahim Khan (d) Bairam Khan

SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering 2014-564. Who established four great Mathas at the four corners of

India - Sringeri, Puri, Dwaraka and Badrinath?(a) Shankara (b) Ramanuja(c) Madhva (d) Ramananda

65. The local name of Mohenjodaro is(a) Mound of the living (b) Mound of the great(c) Mound of the dead (d) Mound of bones

66. Which is the longest dam in India?(a) Bhakra-Nangal (b) Rihand(c) Hirakud (d) Nagarjuna Sagar

67. The Thermal Power Plant in Tamil Nadu is(a) Kundah (b) Ramagundam(c) Pykara (d) Neyveli

68. Which one of the following regions does not come underthe Mediterranean type of climate ?(a) Iberian Peninsula(b) California coast(c) Chilean coast(d) Eastern coast of South Africa

69. The main cause of faulting is(a) Tension (b) Wind(c) Tidal activity (d) Gravitational force

70. 'Pan American' refers to(a) North America (b) South America(c) Central America (d) All the above

71. Most primitive living vascular plants are(a) Brown algae (b) Cycas(c) Ferns (d) Sphagnum

72. Temporary wilting occurs in plants due to(a) Respiration (b) Transpiration(c) Photosynthesis (d) Absorption of water

73. Lichens are a symbiotic association of(a) Algae and Fungi(b) Bacteria and Fungi(c) Bacteria and Algae(d) Fungi and Higher plants

74. Photophobia is caused by the deficiency of(a) Vitamin B1 (b) Vitamin B2(c) Vitamin B4 (d) Vitamin B6

75. Which of the following is present only in plant cell?(a) Cell membrane (b) Mitochondria(c) Cell wall (d) Endoplasmic reticulum

76. The yellow colour of mangoes is due to the presence of(a) Chlorophyll (b) Anthocyanin(c) Anthoxanthin (d) Carotene

77. Lunar eclipse is caused by shadow of the(a) Earth on the Moon(b) Moon on the Sun(c) Earth on the Sun(d) Earth and the Moon on other stars

78. The largest planet in the solar system is(a) Venus (b) Mars(c) Jupiter (d) Earth

79. Asteroid belt is a region in the solar system that existsbetween the orbits of(a) Venus and Mars (b) Mars and Jupiter(c) Mercury and Earth (d) Jupiter and Uranus

80. Electrocardiograph (ECG) is used to measure(a) Blood Count (b) Heart Beat(c) Temperature (d) Electricity

81. USB stands for(a) Unique Serial Bus(b) Universal Serial Bus(c) Unary Serial Bus(d) Universal Secondary Bus

82. In computer network terminology. WAN stands for(a) World area network(b) Wide area network(c) Wide array net(d) Wireless area network

83. Which element produces hydrogen on reaction with strongalkali?(a) Si (b) C(c) P (d) S

84. Which metal does not react with dilute H2SO4 ?(a) Pb (b) Fe(c) Zn (d) Mg

85. The unit of rate of reaction is(a) Mol lit-1 sec-1 (b) Sec mol-1

(c) Moles sec-1 (d) Joules sec -1

86. Salt that dissolves in aqueous ammonia solution is(a) HgCl2 (b) PbCl2(c) Cu (OH)2 (d) Al (OH)3

87. Residence time of water molecule in the ocean is(a) 3.5 years (b) 3.5 million years(c) 35 years (d) 35000 years

88. Biotic environment includes(a) Producers (b) Consumers(c) Decomposers (d) All the above

89. A natural phenomenon that becomes harmful due topollution is(a) Global warming (b) Ecological balance(c) Greenhouse effect (d) Desertification

90. Decomposers include(a) Bacteria(b) Fungi(c) Both Bacteria and Fungi(d) Animals

91. Who said about religion that "it is the opium of the masses"?(a) Hitler (b) Stalin(c) Lenin (d) Marx

2014-6 SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering92. The first woman in the world to have climbed Mt. Everest

twice is(a) Bachendri Pal (b) Molly Chacko(c) Santosh Yadav (d) Theresia Kiesl

93. What is the basic foundation of Gandhian thought?(a) Political campaigns(b) Social movements(c) Religion and morality(d) Freedom of the individual

94. Amir Khusrow was a famous poet in the court of(a) Akbar (b) Shahjahan(c) Ibrahim Lodhi (d) Alauddin Khilji

95. In the year 1905, Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the(a) Servants of India Society (b) Asiatic Society(c) Brohmo Samaj (d) Bharat Sewak Samaj

96. Gandhiji believed that Satyagraha is a weapon of(a) the poor (b) the weak(c) the untouchables (d) the brave

97. Pt. Shiv Kumar Sharma is an exponent of(a) Mandolin (b) Santoor(c) Sitar (d) Veena

98. Patanjali is well-known for the compilation of(a) Yogasutra (b) Panchatantra(c) Brahmasutra (d) Ayurveda

99. Which of the following Presidents of America abolishedSlavery?(a) Abraham Lincoln (b) Thomas Jefferson(c) George Washington (d) Stanley Jackson

100. Who is the first woman cosmonaut of the world? -(a) Valentina Tereshkova (b) Maria Estela Peron(c) Svetlana Savitskaya (d) Kay Cottee

Civil and Structural Engineering101. Mild steel used in RCC structures conforms to

(a) IS : 432 (b) IS : 1566(c) IS : 1786 (d) IS : 2062

102. Which of the following types of lime is used for plasteringand white washing?(a) Quick lime (b) Slaked lime(c) Hydraulic lime (d) Fat lime

103. Which of the following acts as retarder for the concrete?(a) Calcium chloride(b) Calcium lignosulphonate(c) Calcium stearate(d) Aluminium powder

104. Identify the wrong statement.(a) Bulking of sand can go up to 40%.(b) Bulking of sand is maximum at 4.6% moisture content.(c) Bulking of sand is considered in weigh batching of

concrete mix.(d) Bulking of sand occurs due to free moisture film

formation over sand grain.

105. Strength based classification of bricks is made on the basisof(a) IS : 3101 (b) IS : 3102(c) IS : 3495 (d) IS : 3496

106. In paints, methylated spirit, naphtha and turpentine are usedas.(a) Base (b) Binder(c) Solvent (d) Extender

107. Coarse sand has a fineness modulus in the range of(a) 2.2 - 2.4 (b) 2.4 - 2.6(c) 2.6 - 2.9 (d) 2.9 - 3.2

108. Under heat and pressure, granite can transform into(a) quartzite (b) marble(c) slate (d) gneiss

109. Aluminium is anodized to protect it from weathering effectby forming a surface coat of(a) Aluminium carbide (b) Aluminium borate(c) Aluminium oxide (d) Red lead

110. Quartzite and marble are by nature(a) volcanic (b) plutonic(c) sedimentary (d) metamorphic

111. Most accurate method of estimation is based on(a) Building cost index estimate(b) Plinth area estimate(c) Detailed estimate(d) Cube rate estimate

112. The annual instalment (I) of the sinking fund (S) over nyears, at i rate of interest may be calculated from the formula(a) I = Si / (1 + i)n-1 (b) I = S (1 + 1)n-1/i(c) I = S (1 + i) n+1/(1 + i) (d) I = Si / (1 + i)n+1

113. The plan of a building is in the form of a rectangle withcentre line dimensions of the outer walls as 10.3 m × 15.3 m.The thickness of the walls in superstructure is 0.3 m. Thenits carpet area is(a) 150 m2 (b) 157.59 m2

(c) 165. 36 m2 (d) 170 m2

114. Pick up the item of work not included in the plinth areaestimate.(a) Wall thickness (b) Room area(c) Verandah area (d) Courtyard area

115. One brick thickness of wall is roughly equal to(a) 10 cm (b) 15 cm(c) 20 cm (d) 30 cm

116. A work costing ̀ 20,000 is termed as(a) Petty work (b) Minor work(c) Major work (d) Minor project

117. The density of cement is taken to be(a) 1000 kg/m3 (b) 1250 kg/m3

(c) 1440 kg/m3 (d) 1800 kg/m3

118. The damp proof course (D.P.C) of uniform thickness in abuilding having walls of different widths is measured in(a) m4 (b) m3

(c) m2 (d) m

SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering 2014-7119. Volume by Trapezoidal Formula Method is determined by

the formula .

(a)0 n

2 4 6 n 1A A

D A A A ...A2 -+ì ü+ + + +í ý

î þ

(b)1 n

0 1 3 n 1A A

D A A A ...A2 -+ì ü+ + + +í ý

î þ

(c)0 1

1 3 5 n 1A A

D A A A ...A2 -+ì ü+ + + +í ý

î þ

(d)0 n

1 2 3 4 n 1A A

D A A A A ...A2 -+ì ü+ + + +í ý

î þ120. The value of the property at the end of its useful life (without

being dismantled) is known as(a) Salvage value (b) Scrap value(c) Book value (d) Junk value

121. The multiplying constant for the tacheometer is generallykept as(a) 100 (b) 20(c) 40 (d) 60

122. The fundamental principle of surveying is to work from the(a) whole to part(b) part to whole(c) lower level to higher level(d) higher level to lower level

123. Radiation, Intersection and Resection are(a) Compass Surveying Techniques(b) Chain Surveying Techniques(c) Levelling Techniques(d) Plane Table Surveying Techniques

124. Which of the following statements in respect of a map Ahaving scale 1 : 1000 and another map B having scale 1 :5000 is true?(a) Map A is a large scale map compared to map B(b) Map B is a large scale map compared to map A(c) Map B is a more detailed map compared to map A(d) None of the above

125. The correction to be applied to each 30 m chain for a linemeasurement along a slope of q is(a) 30( l – cosq) (b) 30 (1 – sinq)(c) 30 (1 – tan q) (d) 30(1 – cot q)

126. Narrowly spaced contours lines on a map shows that thearea is(a) Flat (b) Steeply sloped(c) Vertical cliff (d) Overhand cliff

127. The length of the tangent of a curve whose radius is R andthe angle of deflection D is

(a) R tan 2D

(b) 2R sin 2D

(c) 2R tan 2D

(d) R sin 2D

128. If whole circle bearing of a line is 210° 0' 0", its value inquadrantal bearing system is(a) S 30° 0' 0'' W (b) N 30° 0' 0" E(c) S 30° 0' 0" E (d) N 30° 0' 0" W

129. The magnetic declination is the difference between(a) True Meridian and False Meridian(b) False Meridian and True Meridian(c) True Meridian and Magnetic Meridian(d) Magnetic Meridian and False Meridian

130. A staff reading taken on a point whose elevation is to bedetermined as a change point is called(a) foresight reading (b) backsight reading(c) intermediate sight (d) long sight

131. Clay is generally(a) cohesive (b) permeable(c) having large particle size (d) None of the above

132. The ratio Liquid limit - Water content

Plasticity Index for a soil mass is

called(a) Liquidity index (b) Shrinkage ratio(c) Consistency index (d) Toughness index

133. The volume of voids to the total volume of soil is known as(a) porosity (b) void ratio(c) air ratio (d) air content

134. A fundamental equation of void ratio (e), specify gravity(G). water content (W) and the degree of saturation (Sp) is

(a) e = p

WGS (b) W = p

eGS

(c) G = p

eWS (d) Sp =

eWG

135. Manometer is a device used for measuring(a) Velocity (b) Pressure(c) Density (d) Discharge

136. Capillarity is due toI. surface tensionII. cohesionIII. viscosityIV. vapour pressureV. weight density of liquid(a) II,.III (b) III(c) I (d) II, III, V

137. Flow of water through a passage under atmospheric pressureis called(a) Pipe flow(b) Uniform flow(c) Open channel flow(d) Non-uniform flow

2014-8 SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering138. The discharge through a V-notch varies

(a) proportional to head (H)(b) inversely proportional to angle q(c) proportional to H5/2

(d) inversely proportional to tan q/2139. The dimension for Angular velocity is

(a) T2 (b) T-1

(c) T1 (d) T-2

140. Which of the following flow constants does not have anyunit?(a) Chezy's C(b) Manning's N(c) Both Chezy's C and Manning's N(d) None of the above

141. Each term of the Bernoulli equation represents(a) energy per unit weight(b) energy per unit mass(c) energy per unit volume(d) specific energy

142. Pressure is terms of metres of oil (specific gravity = 0.9)equivalent to 4.5 m of water is(a) 4.05 (b) 5.0(c) 3.6 (d) 0.298

143. Typically, a hydroelectric plant will have following hydraulicmachine:(a) Hydraulic Turbine (b) Hydraulic Pump(c) Electric Motor (d) None of the above

144. Darcy-Weisbach equation to calculate the head loss due tofriction for flow through pipes is applicable when the flowthrough the pipe can be(a) laminar only(b) turbulent only(c) Both laminar and turbulent(d) Subscritical flow

145. The ratio of the quantity of water stored in the root zone ofthe crops to the quantity of water actually delivered in thefield is known as(a) water use efficiency(b) water conveyance efficiency(c) water application efficiency(d) water storage efficiency

146. For unlined canals, the freeboard is measured from the(a) full supply level to top of the bank(b) top of the bank to bed of the canal(c) full supply level to top of the dowel(d) None of the above

147. The ruling minimum radius of the curve for ruling designspeed V m3, coefficient of friction f, acceleration due togravity g m3 and superelevation e is given by(a) V2/(e – f)g (b) V2 (f – e)g(c) V2/(e + f) g (d) V2/(e + f) 2g

148. Camber in the road is provided for(a) counteracting the centrifugal force(b) effective drainage(c) having proper sight distance(d) avoiding overturning

149. The standard 5-day BOD at 20°C, when compared to ultimateBOD is about(a) 60% (b) 68%(c) 80% (d) 90%

150. The global warming is caused mainly by(a) NOX (b) SOX(c) CO2 (d) O2

151. The maximum shear force in a simply supported beam ofspan, L, subjected to a central point load, W is given by thefollowing expression:

(a)W2

(b) WL

(c)2WL

2(d)

2WL4

152.

CA B

30 kN

1m 2m

For simply supported beam shown in Fig., the magnitude ofvertical reaction at 'B' is(a) 20 kN (b) 18 kN(c) 15 kN (d) 10 kN

153. "Poisson's ratio" is defined as the ratio of(a) lateral strain to linear strain(b) linear strain to lateral strain(c) lateral stress to linear stress(d) linear stress to lateral stress

154. If 'A' is the area of cross-section and 'I' is the moment ofinertia of a given plane section, then radius of gyration (r) isgiven by the formula

(a)IrA

= (b)I

rA

=

(c)ArI

= (d)A

rI

=

155. Strain energy due to axial deformation is given by(s: resultant stressP : axial loadD : deformatione = strainE = modulus of elasticity)(a) s e (b) PD

(c)2

2Es

(d)1 P2

D

SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering 2014-9156. In a cantilever beam subjected to general loading, the

maximum bending moment is at(a) fixed end (b) free end(c) mid-span (d) quarter-span

157. Moment of inertia of rectangular section shown in Fig. aboutits horizontal centroidal axis is

b

d

(a)3db

12(b)

3db3

(c)3bd

12(d)

3bd3

158. Ratio of length of column to the minimum radius of gyrationof the cross-sectional area of the column is known as(a) Slenderness ratio (b) Buckling ratio(c) Crippling ratio (d) Compressive ratio

159. A linear force-deformation relation is obtained in materials(a) having elastic stress-strain property(b) having plastic stress-strain property(c) following Hooke's law(d) which are rigid elastic materials

160. The property of a material by which it can be beaten orrolled into plates, is called(a) malleability (b) ductility(c) plasticity (d) elasticity

161. Which of the beams given in the following Figs, is adeterminate beam?

(a)A B

(b) AB

(c) BA

(d) AC B

162. The effective slenderness ratio of a cantilever column is(a) 0.5 L/r (b) L/r

(c) 2 L/r (d) 2 L/r

163. The top diameter bottom diameter and the height of thesteel mould used for slump test are(a) 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm (b) 10 cm, 30 cm, 20 cm(c) 20 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm (d) 20 cm, 30 cm, 10 cm

164. The early high strength of rapid hardening cement is due toits(a) increased content of gypsum(b) burning at high temperature(c) increased content of cement(d) higher content of tricalcium

165. Di-calcium silicate (C2S):(a) hydrates rapidly(b) generates less heat of hydration(c) hardens rapidly(d) has less resistance to sulphate attack

166. Separation of coarse aggregates from concrete duringtransportation, is known as(a) bleeding (b) creeping(c) segregation (d) evaporation

167. The resistance of an aggregate to wear is known as(a) impact value (b) abrasion resistance(c) shear resistance (d) crushing resistance

168. If fineness modulus of a sand is 2.5, it is graded as(a) very fine sand (b) fine sand(c) medium sand (d) coarse sand

169. Water-cement ratio is measured ________ of water andcement used per cubic metre of concrete.(a) volume by volume (b) weight by weight(c) weight by volume (d) volume by weight

170. To prevent segregation. the maximum height for placingconcrete, is(a) 100 cm (b) 125 cm(c) 150 cm (d) 200 cm

171. An aggregate is said to be flaky, if its least dimension is lessthan

(a)23 mean dimension (b)

12 mean dimension

(c)35 mean dimension (d)

34 mean diameter

172. The fineness of cement can be found out by sieve analysisusing IS sieve number(a) 20 (b) 10(c) 9 (d) 6

173. For batching 1 : 2 : 4 concrete mix by volume the ingredientsrequired per bag (50 kg) of cement are(a) 100 litres of fine aggregate : 140 litres of coarse aggregate(b) 100 kg of fine aggregate : 200 kg of coarse aggregate(c) 70 kg of fine aggregate :: 140 kg of coarse aggregate(d) 70 litres of fine aggregate : 140 litres of coarse aggregate

2014-10 SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering174. Bulking is

(a) increase in volume of sand due to moisture which keepssand particles apart

(b) increase in density of sand due to impurities like clay.organic matter

(c) ramming of sand so that it occupies minimum volume(d) compactin of sand

175. The concrete cubes are prepared, cured and testedaccording to Indian Standards code number(a) IS : 515 (b) IS : 516(c) IS : 517 (d) IS : 518

176. Workability of concrete for a given water content is good ifthe aggregates are(a) angular aggregates (b) flaky aggregates(c) rounded aggregates (d) irregular aggregates

177. Generally, strength of concrete is considered negligible/verylow in(a) Compression (b) Tension(c) Fatigue (d) None of the above

178. As the cement sets and hardens, it generates heat. This iscalled(a) Heat of hydration (b) Latent heat(c) Heat of vaporisation (d) Sensible heat

179. In concrete while hand mixing is adopted, excess cement tobe added is(a) 4% (b) 10%(c) 14% (d) 20%

180. For constructing road pavements, the type of cementgenerally used is(a) ordinary Portland cement(b) rapid hardening cement(c) low heat cement(d) blast furnace slag cement

181. A very comfortable type of stair for usage is(a) straight (b) dog legged(c) open newel (d) circular

182. If the area of tension reinforcement provided is less thanthat required for a balanced section, then the RCC beam iscalled(a) over reinforced (b) neutral reinforced(c) under reinforced (d) bottom reinforced

183. In limit state of collapse for direct compression, the maximumaxial compressive strain in concrete is(a) 0.002 (b) 0.003(c) 0.0035 (d) 0.004

184. A reduction factor Cr to load carrying capacity for a longcolumn of effective length Le and width b is applied asobtained from following expression :

(a) eL

124b

- (b) eL

1.2536b

-

(c) eL

1.2548b

- (d) eL

1.560b

-

185. A T-beam behaves as a rectangular beam of a width equal toits flange if its neutral axis(a) falls within the flange(b) falls below the flange(c) coincides with the geometrical centre of the beam(d) falls below the centroidal axis of the beam

186. If tv is the nominal shear stress, tc is design shear strengthof concrete and tc max is the maximum design shear strengthof concrete, which of the following statements is correct?(a) If tv > tc max, section is to be designed for shear.(b) If tv > tc max, minimum shear reinforcement is to be

provided(c) If tv < tc max, minimum shear reinforcement is to be

provided.(d) If tv > tc, minimum shear reinforcement is to be

provided.187. The minimum clear cover (in mm) for the main reinforcement

is column, according to IS : 456-2000 is(a) 20 (b) 25(c) 40 (d) 50

188. The diameter of longitudinal bars of a RCC column shouldnever be less than(a) 6 mm (b) 8 mm(c) 10 mm (d) 12 mm

189. In an RCC section of effective depth 'd', if vertical stirrupsare provided to resist shear, their maximum spacingmeasured along the axis of the member as per IS :456-2000should not exceed(a) 0.25 d (b) 0.50 d(c) 0.75 d (d) 1.00 d

190. For a continuous slab of 3 m × 3.5 m size, the minimumoverall depth of slab to satisfy vertical deflection limit is(a) 5 cm (b) 7.5 cm(c) 10 cm (d) 15 cm

191. As per IS : 800, the factor of safety adopted with respect tothe yield stress of steel is(a) 1.45 (b) 1.5(c) 1.67 (d) 2.0

192. A tie is a(a) tension member (b) compression member(c) flexural member (d) torsion member

193. The slenderness ratio of lacing bars should not exceed(a) 120 (b) 145(c) 180 (d) 100

SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering 2014-11194. Bearing stiffeners are designed as

(a) beams (b) beam-ties(c) ties (d) column

195. The maximum allowable slenderness ratio for memberscarrying compressive load due to wind and seismic forceonly is(a) 180 (b) 250(c) 350 (d) 400

196. The throat in a fillet weld is(a) large side of the triangle of the fillet(b) hypotenuse of the triangle of the fillet(c) smaller side of the triangle of the fillet(d) perpendicular distance from the root to the hypotenuse

197. The size of a river is identified by(a) diameter of shank (b) diameter of head(c) length of shank (d) shape of head

198. Horizontal stiffeners are needed in plate girders if thethickness of web is less than(a) 6 mm (b) Depth/200(c) Span/500 (d) Flange thickness

199. Permissible stress may also be known as(a) ultimate stress (b) working stress(c) limit stress (d) yield stress

200. The maximum permissible stress for power driven field rivetis bearing on rivet is(a) 100 N/mm2 (b) 250 N/mm2

(c) 270 N/mm2 (d) 300 N/mm2

2014-12 SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering

Hints & Solutions1. (a) Dehradun is capital of Uttarakhand. Similarly Aizawl is

capital of Mizoram.2. (c) “Court” is the place where the judge gives his decision

on crime. Similarly, Hospital is the place where thedoctor diagnose the disease of the patient.

3. (c)

(–1)Y PQ X

(–1)

:(–1)

J AB I

(–1)

(–1)O UV N

(–1)

:(–1)

D JK C(–1)

:

4. (b)

A D G J B E H K D G J M G J M(+1)(+1)(+1)(+1)

: : P: : ?(+3)(+3)(+3)(+3)

(+2)(+2)

(+2)(+2)

5. (a) A C E B D F(+1)(+1)(+1)

Similarly

G I K H J L(+1)(+1)

(+1)

6. (a) C A T D D Y(+1)(+3)

(+5)

Similarly

B I G C L L(+1)(+3)

(+5)

7. (d) (1)3 : 1Similarly(10)3 : 1000

8. (c)7 : 56

7 + (7)2

: : 5 :30

5 + (5)2

?

9. (b) Here only 63 is not belonging to group because it isdivisible by 3.

10. (c) Mumbai, Kolkata and Cochin all are costal city. Similarly,Chennai is also a costal city.

11. (c)12. (a) All others, except (a) are root vegetables.

13. (d) H G F E

P O N M

D C B A

M S T U

(–1)

(–1)

(–1)

(+6)

(–1)

(–1)

(–1)

(+1)

(–1)

(–1)

(–1)

(+1)

M S T U is odd word

14. (d) G F I

V U X

P O R

L K M

(–1)

(–1)

(–1)

(–1)

(+3)

(+3)

(+3)

(+2)

LKM is odd word

15. (a) v w

y x

g f

c b

(+1)

(–1)

(–1)

(–1)

p q

m n

k l

r s

(+1)

(+1)

(+1)

(+1)

16. (a) Except (a), all others are not divisible by 2nd term.17. (c) In all the options, second number is square of first number

but in option (c), square of 12 is not 141. So, (c) is odd.18. (a) L C M of 25, 40, 56

2 25, 40, 565 25, 20, 282 5, 4, 282 5, 2, 14

5, 1, 7

= 2 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 7= 1400Smallest Number = 1400 + 13 = 1413.

19. (c) As per dictionary

Elocution, Embrace, Emplane, Empower, Equable.

SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering 2014-1320. (b) Meaning full words

Tilling ® Sowing ® Weeding ® Reaping.21. (b) Colour of Rainbow

= V I B G Y O RReverse order – R O Y G B I VAccording to option

4, 3, 1, 2, 522. (c) C

+2E

+2G J

+2L

+2N Q

+2S

+2U

Similarly, H +2

J +2

L23. (b)

B – 1,+2

D – 2,+2

F – 4,+2

H – 8,+2

J – 16,+2

L – 32

× 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2

24. (c)

C G J

(+4)

K O R(+4)

T X A(+4)

(+3) (+3) (+3)

F J M(+4)

(+3)

25. (d) 170 × 2 + 2= 342

10 × 2 + 2= 22

86 × 2 – 2= 170

42 × 2 + 2= 86

22 × 2 – 2= 42

2 × 2 + 2= 6

6 × 2 – 2= 10

2

26. (b)

22 + 4= 38

2

9 + 2= 13

213 + 3= 22

2

9

27. (b)8

25 = 8 × 3 + 1

3

4

5

21316

757 = 7 × 8 + 1

43 = 7 × 6 + 1

31 = 6 × 5 + 1 21 = 5 × 4 + 1

13 = 4 × 3 + 1

28. (a)

11 22 12111 + 5 + 4 × 3

= 2822 + 20 + 5 × 3= 42 + 15 = 57

121 + 25 + 6 × 5=146 + 30 = 1763 5 64 3 5

5 20 25

29. (a)63

97 1

3 1 7 3

Þ 63Þ 7 ́ 1 ́ 9 = 63

Þ 3 1 7 3 63´ ´ ´ =30. (b) After arranging the letters, we get word ‘ENGLAND’

which is the name of the country.31. (c) It is based on position of English alphabet.

B E A D I N G

2 5 1 4 9 14 7¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯

32. (d) A + G + E = 1 + 7 + 5 = 13Similarly, C + A + R = 3 + 1 + 18 = 22

33. (d) An electric train does not emit smoke.Therefore, no smoke will be going in any of the direction.

34. (a) 1 Þ 2 ́ 1– 1 = 12 Þ 2 ́ 2 – 1 = 33 Þ 3 ́ 2– 1 = 54 Þ 4 ́ 2– 1 = 75 Þ 5 ́ 2– 1 = 9

35. (b) 7 + 3 = 421 = (7 – 3) (7 × 3)11 + 7 = 477 = (11 – 7) (11 × 7)9 + 5 = 445 = (9 – 5) (9 × 5)6 + 2 = (6 – 2) (6 × 2) = 412

36. (a)18 34 36 54

+6 +12 +18

24

37. (b)

(Ram) Husband sister Brother(+)

Brother-in-law

(+) (–)Niece Girl

(–)Brother

(+)

Hence, girl is the niece of Ram.38. (c) All the above lines are symmetrical, as all these lines

divide the given figure into two mirror-image halves.39. (c) Let total Journey = x km.

Ist hour, he travelled = km.4x

Next hour, he travelled = km.2x

2014-14 SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering

Total distance travelled = km4 2æ ö+ç ÷è ø

x x

= 3 km4x

Remaining distance = 3 km4

æ ö-ç ÷è øxx

= km4x

It is given that, lastlast 30 min, he travelled = 80 km

Þ 804=x

x = 320 km.40. (c)41. (c)42. (b)

Regions Numbers1 2 3 4 5

Circle

Square

Triangle

û û û ü ü

û ü ü ü û

ü ü û û û

Only number 4 is present in the square and the circle.

43. (b) Information-CommunicationTechnology

InternetComputer

44. (b) Conclusions :

I. ( )II. ( )III. ( )

üüü

All follow given statements.

45. (c) Arguments :I. (û) It does not tell about real meaning.II. (ü ) Heavy bags spoil the posture of the

children.III. (û ) More load does not mean to get more

knowledgeIV. (ü) knowledge can not be gained by taking more

load.46. (c)47. (d)48. (a)49. (d)

50. (d)9

5

4

10

6

6

5

4

4

4 (5×4)=420

6 (10×6)=660

5 (9×4)= 536

51. (c) The difference between macro and micro wasintroduced in 1933 by the Norwegian, RagnarFrisch.Macroeconomics studies the behavior ofeconomic aggregates.Microeconomics studies thebehavior of individual economic units, which can beindividuals, families, businesses, and the markets inwhich they operate.

52. (b) Capital goods refers to goods which help in the furtherproduction of goods. These include factory buildings,machinery, equipments, tools etc.

53. (b) Net national product (NNP) is the market value of anation's goods and services minus depreciation.NNP = Gross National Product – Depreciation

54. (d) National income means the total value of goods andservices produced annually in a country. It shows therate of growth of an economy.

55. (b) The three most important characteristics of oligopolyare:(1) an industry dominated by a small number of large

firms,(2) firms sell either identical or differentiated products,

and(3) the industry has significant barriers to entry.

56. (a) The governor can dissolve the Vidhan Sabha. Thesepowers are formal and the governor while using thesepowers must act according to the advice of the Councilof Ministers headed by the chief minister.

57. (a) A supreme court was established at Fort William atCalcutta by Regulating Act,1773. The Regulating Actof 1773 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britainintended to overhaul the management of the East IndiaCompany's rule in India.

58. (d) 73rd Amendment of the Constitution of India, 1992provides Constitutional status to Panchayati Raj. TheAmendment Act has added part IX to the Constitutionof India. It consists of provisions from Article 243 to243-0.

59. (b) Under the Constitution of India (Article 72), thePresident of India can grant a pardon or reduce thesentence of a convicted person, particularly in casesinvolving capital punishment.

60. (a) Article 315 of the Constitution provides for separatePublic Service Commission for the Union and Stateswithout any formal linkage between the two.

SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering 2014-1561. (b) The Harappans worshipped Mother Goddess,

Pashupati or Lord Shiva, Trees, animals such as thebull, buffalo and tiger etc.

62. (c) The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March was amarch initiated by Mohandas Gandhi to illegallyproduce salt from seawater. It began on 12 March, 1930,and was a direct action campaign of tax resistance andnonviolent protest against the British salt monopolyin colonial India.

63. (a) Birbal was the court poet of Akbar. He was appointedby Akbar as a poet and singer in around 1556-1562. Hewas an advisor in the court of the Mughal EmperorAkbar.

64. (a) Shankaracharya established four great mathas at thefour corners of India which are Sringeri ( Karnataka),Jyotirmath, (Uttarakhand), Govardhana matha at Puri,(Odisha) and Dvaraka Pitha (Gujarat.)

65. (c) Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are two ancient citieslocated on the banks of the Indus and its tributary theRavi River in the northwestern region of the Indiansubcontinent. The name of Mohenjo-Daro means the"Mound of the Dead" because the center of the townis an artificial mound about 50 feet high surroundedwith a brick wall and fortified with towers.

66. (c) Hirakud Dam was built on Mahanadi river which is thelongest dam in India. It is located in the state of Odisha.

67. (d) Neyveli is a mining and power generation township inthe state of Tamil Nadu.

68. (d) The lands around the Mediterranean Sea form thelargest area where this climate type is found, but it alsofound in the United States, where it prevails in most ofCaliforniaand in southwestern Oregon, in parts ofWestern and South Australia, in southwestern SouthAfrica, sections of Central Asia, and in central Chile.

69. (a) Tensional stress is the main cause of faulting.70. (d) Pan-America refers to North America, Central America,

South America and the Caribbean.71. (c) Ferns are among the first vascular plants that

successfully invaded terrestrial habitats. They dispersemainly by spores and are regarded more primitive thanseed plants.

72. (b) Wilting is loss of turgor (tension of tissues) by plantsdue to disruption of the water balance; it occurs whenthetranspiration of water by leaves exceeds the amountentering the tissues. Wilting is manifested externallyby a drooping of the leaves and tops of the stems.

73. (a) A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algaeor cyanobacteria (or both) living among filaments of afungus in a symbiotic relationship.

74. (b) Signs & Symptoms of Vitamin B2 deficiency are:Cheilosis (chapping of the lips), Angular Stomatitis

(cracking in the corners of the lips), Photophobia(sensitivity to light), Dry itchy eyes, Depression,Anxiety, Memory loss, Neuropathy, Fatigue.

75. (c) Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that surrounds the cellmembrane. Animal cells do not have a cell wall.

76. (d) Mangoes and carrots are beautiful to look at becausethey contain rich deposits of carotene pigments. Thecarotenes come in many different variations, and rangein color from yellow to deep orange.

77. (a) Lunar eclipse is an eclipse in which the moon appearsdarkened as it passes into the earth's shadow.

78. (c) Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.

79. (b) Asteroids are found between the orbits of Mars andJupiter. An asteroid is a large, irregularly shaped objectin space that orbits our Sun.

80. (b) An Electrocardiograph (E.C.G.) is the most commoncardiac test carried out on cardiac patients. The E.C.G.takes a recording of the electrical activity of the heart(heart beat) onto paper.

81. (c) USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for a wiredconnection between two electronic devices, includinga mobile phone and a desktop computer.

82. (b) A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunicationsnetwork or computer networkthat extends over a largegeographical distance.

83. (d) A common characteristic of most Alkali Metals is theirability to displace H2(g) from water. Sulphur(S) is anexample of it.

84. (a) Pb does not dissolve in dilute H2SO4 because of surfacecoating of PbSO4.

85. (a) For order zero, the rate coefficient has units ofmol·L–1·s–1 (or M·s–1).

86. (c) Copper(II) ion reacts with stoichiometric quantities ofaqueous ammonia to precipitate light blue Cu(OH)2.

87. (c) Residence time of water molecule in the ocean is 35years.

88. (d) Biotic components usually include: Producers(plants),Consumers(animals) and Decomposers (fungi andbacteria).

89. (c) Greenhouse effect is an elevation in surfacetemperatures due to atmospheric gases absorbing andre-radiating thermal energy.The greenhouse effectinsulates the Earth's surface, making it hospitable tolife; however, human activities have increased theconcentration of these gases, causing global warming.

90. (c) Decomposers are organisms that break down dead ordecaying organisms, and in doing so, carry out thenatural process of decomposition. They includeBacteria and Fungi.

2014-16 SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering91. (d) "Religion is the opium of the people" is one of the

most frequently paraphrased statements of Germaneconomist Karl Marx.

92. (c) Santosh Yadav is an Indian mountaineer. She is thefirst woman in the world to climb Mount Everest twiceand the first woman to successfully climb Mt Everestfrom Kangshung Face. She first climbed the peak inMay 1992 and then did it again in May 1993.

93. (d) Political freedom of the individual is the second aspectof Gandhi's notion of Swaraj.

94. (d) Amir Khusrow is the prominent Persian poet andlaureate of Alauddin's court.

95 (a) The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune,Maharashtra, on June 12, 1905 by Gopal KrishnaGokhale.

96. (d) Satyagraha was evolved by Gandhi as an effectivesubstitute for violent and destructive ways of fightingevil in the form of injustice, oppression and all kinds ofexploitation.It is the weapon of the brave against allevil.

97. (b) Pandit Shivkumar Sharma is an Indian Santoor player.The Santoor is a folk instrument from Jammu andkashmir. He is credited with making the Santoor apopular Classical Instrument.

98. (a) Patanjali is the compiler of the Yoga Sutras, an importantcollection of aphorisms on Yogapractice.

99. (a) Abraham Lincoln abolished Slavery. The 13thamendment to the United States Constitution providesthat "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, exceptas a punishment for crime whereof the party shall havebeen duly convicted, shall exist within the UnitedStates, nor any place subject to their jurisdiction."

100. (a) Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to go intospace when she flew Vostok 6 in 1963. She spent almostthree days in space and orbited Earth 48 times.

101. (a) Mild steel used in RCC structures conforms to IS :432.

102. (d) Fat lime is the lime which has high calcium oxide (about95%) content which can set and become hard only inthe presence of carbon dioxide from atmosphere. Thistype of lime is perfect white in colour. It has highplasticity.It is commonly used for white washing and plasteringwall.

103. (b) In the field of concrete additives, the calcium lignousulPhonate can be applied as common water reducingadmixture and built material high performance waterreducing admixture.

104. (c) Increase in volume of fine aggregate due to presenceof moisture content is known as bulking. Fine sandbulks are more as compared to coarse sand. Extremelyfine sand particularly the manufactured fine aggregatebulk as much as about 40%.

Bulking of sand- qts effect and calculation as per IS2386.

Percentage of increase in volume overdry, roddedsand

Percentage of moisture addedby mass to dry, rodded sand

Fine sand

Median sand

Coarse sand0 5 10 15 20

40

10

0

20

30

105. (d)106. (c) The solvent or thinner (turpentine oil, naphtha,

methylated sprite) is added to the paint to modify theconsistency of paint to make its application easy andsmooth.

107. (d) (i) fine sand – 2.2 to 2.6(ii) medium sand – 2.6 to 2.9(iii) coarse sand – 2.9 to 3.2

108. (d) It is a metamorphic rock. On metamorphism shaletransform to slate.

109. (c)110. (d) Metamorphic rock is form high pressure and high temp.

Exp. Quartzite and marble.111. (c) Detailed estimate, is a complete schedule of all the

possible items which are lickely to occur is preparedand prepared unit costs are applied to these items.

112. (a)

113. (a) 15.3

10.3

0.3

0.3

length of carpet = l = 15.3 – 0.3 = 15width of carpet = b = 10.3 – 0.3 = 10Area of carpet = 15 × 10 = 150m2.

114. (d) The term ‘plinth area’ refers to the entire carpet areaalong with thickness of external walls of apartment. Itobviously includes the thickness of internal walls andcolumn.Plinth area = carpet area + wall thickness.

115. (c)116. (a) A Petty work is the one in which cost does not exceeds

to ̀ 20,000Minor work is the one in which cost can exceeds` 20,000 but not beyond to ̀ 100,000 and major workis the one in which cost exceeds ` 100,000.

SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering 2014-17117. (c)118. (c)119. (d)120. (a) Salvage value is the estimate real value of an asset at

the end of its use life. Salvage value is subtractedfrom the cost of fixed asset to determine the amount ofthe asset cost that will be depreciated.Salvage value is not discounted to its present value.Salvage value is also known as residual value.

121. (a) Multimal constant of the tacheometer is K and theadditive constant is e. Where K is the ratio of focallength of the object lens to stadia hair interval i.e. f/i.Tacheometry is the branch of surveying in which wedetermine the horizontal and vertical distance withangular measurements with an instrument.The multiplying constant should have a nominal valueof 100.

122. (a)123. (d) Plane table surveying techniques includes radiation,

intersection and resection. The method of surveyingin which the field work and plotting are donesimultaneously is called plan tabling.

124. (a) Map A is a large scale map compared to map 1 cm on amap B 1 cm an a map represents 10 m on the ground

then the representative of scale is 1

1000.

125. (a) 30(1 – cos q)

Ch C1B1DAq

l

B

Ch = B1C1 = AC1 – AB1= l– lcos q= l(1 –cos q)= 30 (1 – cos q)

126. (b) When the contour line are wide separated, it indicatesa flate ground and when they run close together. Itindicates a steep ground.When the contour line merge or cross one another onthe map. It indicates an overhanging cliff. Whenseveral contours coincide and the horizontalequivalent becomes zero. It indicates vertical cliff.

127. (a)128. (a) Whole circle bearing (W.C.B) = 210° 0¢ 0¢¢

quadrantal bearing = 210° 0¢ 0¢¢ – 180° 0¢ 00¢¢ = 30° 0¢ 0¢¢S 30° 0¢ 0¢¢ W

N

EW

S

210° 0 0¢ ¢¢30° 0 0¢ ¢¢

129. (c) Magnetic declination is difference between truemeridian and magnetic meridian.

130. (a) R.L = Bench marks + staff readingIntermediate sight is not the change point andforesight reading is a change point.

131. (a) Clay is cohesive and sand is cohesionless132. (c) Clay is very fine particles of dirt which float in a stream

or river and sink to the bottom.Consistency index

= ( )LLiquid Limit W Water Content

Plasticity index-

LC

p

W WI

I-

=

Liquidity index pLp

W W(I )

I

-=

133. (a) Porosity = vVvolume of void

total volume V=

Void ratio = vs

Vvolume of voidvolume of solid V

=

Air content = q

v

Vvolume of airvolume of void V

=

134. (a)135. (b) Manometer is device used for measuring pressure.

Pitot tube is used for measuring velocity.136. (c) The rise of water in thin tube inserted in water is caused

by force of attraction between the molecules of waterand glass wall. It is rise or fall.

137. (c)138. (c) Discharge through a v-notch.

5/2d

8 C 2g tan H15 2

qæ öq = ç ÷è ø

139. (b) S.I. unit of angular velocity is radians per secondalthough it may be measure in other unit such asdegree per unit. It is symbol w.Angular velocity = M0 L0 T–1.

140. (a)

141. (a) Bernoullis equation = 2

11

pvz2g w

+ +

= 2

22

pvz constant2g w

+ + =

z1 = potential head

2v2g = Kinetic energy

pw

= Pressure head or pressure energy..

2014-18 SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering142. (b)143. (a)144. (c)145. (c)146. (a)

147. (c)2Ve f

127R+ =

e = Rate of super elevation.f = Lateral friction coefficientV = Speed of vehicle in kmphR = Radius of curvature in meter

148. (b) The main objective of providing a camber is to makethe road surface durable, impervious and to drain offrain water from the road surface, as quickly as possible.The slope of the line joining the crown and edge ofroad surface is known as camber or cross slope.

149. (b)150. (c) Global warming is the increase of Earth’s average

Surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases.Such as carbon dioxide emission from burning fossilsflues or from deforestation, which trap heat that wouldotherwise escape from Earth.

151. (a) WS.F2

=

B.M = WL

4RA + RB = W

WA B

RBRA

B.M.D

W2

WL4

W2

L

DW

R W2

= - = W2

RA = W2

152. (d)

30KN

A B

RA RB1 m 2 m

RB = ?

Taking point of A

RB × 3 = 30 × 1

RB = 10KN

153. (a) Lateral strain to linear strain

Poission ratio (lC) = lateral strainlinear strain

154. (b)IrA

=

The distance from an axis at which the mass of bodymay be assumed to be concentrated and at which themoment of inertia will be equal to the moment at inertiaof the actual mass about the axis, equal to the squareroot of the quotient of the moment of inertia and mass.

155. (d)12

rD

Strain energy = 12

rD

156. (a)

157. (c) x

y

b

dy

x

3xx

bdI12

=

158. (a) Slenderness ratio = Lk

L = length of column

k = radius of gyration

Euler’s formula:-

2 2 2 2

2 2 2ET Eak EAp

L L Lk

p p p= = =æ öç ÷è ø

159. (b)

160. (b) It is the characteristics of a metal that allow it to bentand twisted. Partically any shape without cracking orreputing and beaten or rolled into very thin sheel.

SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering 2014-19161. (a)

162. (d)2Lr

l = 2L, one is fixed and other is free end.

163. (a) 10 cm

30 cm

20 cm

164. (d)165. (b) Calcium sillicate (C2S) ® The presence of dicalcium,

sillicate in cement hydrates slowly. It generates lessheat of hydration. It hardens more slowly and aftermore resistance of sulphate attack. It provides goodultimate strength of cement.

166. (c) Segregation in concrete is mixture of water, cementand aggregate.

167. (b)168. (b) Finess modulus of sand is 2.5. It is called fine sand.

169. (b)

170. (a)

171. (c)172. (c)173. (b) 100 kg of fine aggregate : 200 kg of coarse aggregate.

1 : 2 : 4 (M15 concrete)174. (a)175. (c)177. (c)178. (a) The chemical reaction between cement and water is

called hydration of cement or simply cementhydration. The rate of setting and hardening of cement,the rate of evolution of heat and resistance to sulphateattack are affected by the proportion of different cementcompound.

179. (b)

180. (b) It is also known as high early strength cement. It islighter the ordinary portland cement. Since the curingperiod for this cement is short, therefore it iseconomical. It is used where high early strength isdesired, for construction road pavement, for coldwether concreting.

181. (c)182. (c) under reinforced

Underreinforce

N.A

Strainbeam

A B

CD

183. (c)

digramtension

N.A

Compression0.0035

A

184. (c) eL

1.2548b

-

185. (a)

df

d

bw

N A

d

bf

186. (c) It Tv < Tcmax, minm– shear reinforcement is to be

provided.187. (c) For a longitudinal reinforcing bar in a column, not less

than 40 mm not less than diagmeter of such bar.188. (d) In case of columns of minimum dimension of 20 cm or

under, whose reinforcing bars do not exceed 12 mm acover at 25 mm to be used.

189. (c)190. (b)

2014-20 SSC Junior Civil and Structural Engineering191. (c)192. (a)193. (b) The slenderness ratio of lacing bars should not exceed

45.

Minimum thickness of lacing bar 7l

\40

<

for single lacing 7 \60

< l

194. (d) Bearing stifness are designed as column195. (b)196. (d) Perpendicular distance from the root to the

hypotenlise.

leg (w)

rootthrout

197. (a) The size of a rivet is identify by diameter of shank.198. (b)199. (b)200. (c)

Bending Moment (m) : Algebraic sum of moments of all transverseforces on either side of section of a beam.

Bending stress in beamsWhen a beam is subjected to pure bending (no shear force), thenbending equation is given by :

M E fI R y

= =

where,M – bending moment I – MI of section about neutral

axisE – young's modules R – Radius of neutral surface

after bendingf – stress at any point y – distance of fibre from neutral

axis

Ratio, Iy is called section modulus (Z)

Z = I My f

=

SIMPLE STRESS STRAIN RELATIONSHIPSStress : It is the force of internal resistance offered by a bodyagainst the deformation due to external loads.

Stress = 2Force (N / m )Area

Types of Stress1. Normal stress or direct stress (s) : Stress acting normal

to a section due to axial forces. (tensile or compressiveforces)

s =PA

2. Shear Stress (t) : Stress due to tangential forces.

t =FA

3. Bending Stress (fb) : Stress due to bending.

bf =MZ

Z = sectional modulus = IY

4. Torsional Stress : Stress due to torsion.C C T T

C

T

NA

• Types of Strain1. Longitudinal Strain or lateral strain

The ratio of deformed length to original length due tonormal forces acting on it. T1he normal forces can betensile or compressional.

Longitudinal Strain = Changein length

Actual length2. Shear strain

It is the change in angle in a member due to tangentialforce or shear force.

Shear strain = AA' DD'AB AB

f = =

3. Volumetric StrainRatio of change in volume to original volume

Volume strain = VV

d

A A' D D'

B CElastic constantsFrom the Hook’s law,

Stress µ straini.e., s µ e

Þse = constant

SECTION A : CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

MECHANICS & STRUCTURALANALYSIS MECHANICS 1

CH

AP

TE

R

A-2 Mechanics & Structural Analysis Mechanics1. Young's modulus (E)

Ratio of linear stress to linear strain is called young'smodulus

E = P / AL / L

s =e d \

PLLAE

d =

It is the slope of elastic region in stress strain curve.Esteel = 200 GPa.

2. Rigidity modulus (C or N or G)It is the ratio of shear stress by shear strain

C = te

3. Bulk modulus (k)It is ratio of direct stress to volumetric strain.

K = v

Pe

Relationship between elastic constantsl E = 2C (1 + m) … (i)l E = 3K (1 – 2m) … (ii)

l E =9KC

3K C+ …(iii)

where, m = poissons ratio =1m

m = lateralstrainlinearstrain

msteel = 0.27 to 0.30mconcrete = 0.2 to 0.27

m = 3K 2C6K 2C

-+

Points to be noted

If m < 13 ; E > K

m > 13

; E < K

For isotropic material (m = 0.25); E > K > CIsotropic material has 2 elastic constants (E, µ)Orthographic materials has 9 and anisotropic material has 21 elasticconstants.

STRAIN ENERGYIt is the energy strored by a member on which work was done todeform it.

Strain energy =2P (Al)

2E

Strian energy/unit volume =2P

2EElongation of members1. Due to external load

Ld = PLAE

P – applied loadL, A - length and c/s area of rod.

2. Rod of varying cross section

Ld = 31 21 1 2 2 3 3

LL LPA E A E A E

æ ö+ +ç ÷

è ø

PP

A E1 1 A E2 2 A E3 3

L1 L2 L3

3. Compound bar

Ld = 1 1 2 2

PLA E A E+

4. Due to self weight

Ld = WLAE

W = weight

5. Tapered body

Ld = 4PLEDdp D, d-diameter

L

PP

PRINCIPAL STRESSESA plane in which there is only normal stress (no shsear stress) iscalled principle plane and only normal stress acting in that planeis called principle stresses.At any point there are three principle planes and theircorresponding principle stresses will be there. Of these 3 stressesonly two one considered i.e. major and minor principle stresses.Let s1 = maximum principle stress

s2 = minor principle stresses.

1 2,s s =2

x y 2xxy

6y( )

2 2s + s s -æ ö± + tç ÷è ø

Maximum shear stress =2

2xxy

6y ( )2

s -æ ö± + tç ÷è ø

= 1 22

s - s±

Planes defining maximum or minimum principal stresses.

tan 2a = xy

x y

2t-

s - s

Inclination of other stress;a1 = a + 90°

Mechanics & Structural Analysis Mechanics A-3Plane of maximum shearing stress

stan 2a = x y

xy2s - s

t

MOHR CIRCLEFrom the basic equation of normal and shearing stresses.

x y

2s + s

s - = x y xycos 2 sin 22s - s

q - t q

x y

2s - s

t - = xysin 2 cos 2q + t q

From these equation we get,2

x y 2

2s + sæ ö

s - + tç ÷è ø

= 2

x y 2xy( )2

s - sæ ö+ tç ÷

è øThis is in form of a unit ((x – a)2 + y2 = R2)

\ R = 2

x y 2xy( )2

s - sæ ö+ tç ÷è ø

\ (s – c)2 + t2 = R2

c = x y2

s + s

This is the distance from origin along x axis.

tyx

sy

C

txy

sx sy+2

sx sy–2

sx

t

O O

SIMPLE BENDING THEORYPure bending occur when there is only BM, and no SF.Neutral axis (NA) pass through layer which does not undergochange in length while bending. It pass through centre of gravity(C.G) of cross section.Equation of pure bending

M E fI R y

= =

EI is called flexural rigidity

Curvature =1 MR EI

=

Section modulus, Z =I My f

=

M – BMI – Moment of inertial (MI) section about neutral axisR – radius of NA after bendingy – distance of fibre from NA

SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMSThe value of shear stress at any longitutional section of a beam ata distance y from NA is given by

q = F . AyIb

F – Shear force at the given sectionAy – MI of area above the section

I – MI of beam about.NASTRESSES IN THIN WALLED VESSELS1. Hoop stress or circumferencial stress (fh)

fh = Pd2t

where, p – internal fluid pressure. d – diameter of vessel. t – thickness of cylinder.

It is a tensile stress acting along circumference.If efficiency (h) of long riveted joint is considered.

fh = Pd2th

2. Longitudinal stress (fl)

fl

= Pd4t

If efficiency of circumferencial riveted joint is combined,

fl

= Pd4th

\ fh = 2 × fl(if both efficiences are equal)

STRAINS IN THIN WALLED VESSELS1. Hoop strain (eh)

eh =Pd 112tE 2m

æ öæ ö-ç ÷ç ÷è øè ø2. Longitudinal strain (el)

el =Pd 1 12tE 2 m

æ öæ ö-ç ÷ç ÷è øè ø3. Volumetric Strain (ev)

ev = 2eh + el

=Pd 5 22tE 2 m

æ öæ ö-ç ÷ç ÷è øè ø

If radial stress is considered ev increases by 3PmE

A-4 Mechanics & Structural Analysis Mechanics

UNIFORM TORSIONTorsion formulae

sfT CJ L R

q= =

Where,T – torque appliedq – modulus of rigidity of materialL – length of shaftfs – max. shear stressR – external radius of shaftJ – polar moment intertia

J = ( )4 4

1 2D D

32

-p for hollow circular shaft

= 4D

32p for solid circular shaft.

Variation of shear stressIf q is the shear stress induced at vadial distance r from the axis ofthe shaft, then,

sfq T Cr R J L

q= = =

The ratio JR is called torsional section modulus (Zp).

As value of Zp increases, torsional strength increases.CJ is called torsional rigidity (kg.cm2)

Angle of twist, q = TlCJ

Power transmitted by shaft, P = 2 NT

60p

Strain energy due to torsion :

For solid shaft, u =22

sfT l2CJ 4C

= × volume of shaft.

For hollow shaft, u = 22 2 2

s2

fT l (D d )2CJ 4C D

+= ´ × volume shaft.

STRAIN ENERGYStrain energy is the work done in straining the material, and isstored in form of energy in it.

u =12 .P..d

d =PLAE

\ u = 2P L

2AE

u =12 × stress × strain × volume.

BUCKLING OF COLUMN

Crushing load, cP = cF A´

fc – ultimate crushing stress.A – c/s area of column

Radius of gyration, r =IA

Slenderness ratio=Effective length

Least radiusof gyration

Critical load : The minimum load at which column starts buckling.

Critical load, PE = 2

2 EIlp ´

l – effective length of columnI – MI about axis of least resistance.E – Young's modulus.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSISStructure is any elastic body which resist the system of loads anddeformations acting on it. Structures may be either skeletal (rooftruss, framed building), surface structures (slabs, shells etc) orsolid structure (like foundation).

STATICALLY DETERMINANT STRUCTURESStatic equillibriumA plane frame structure is said to be in static equillibrium if

SH = SV = SM = 0Where, SH and SV are algebraic sum of horizontal and verticalexternal forces.SM is algebraic sum of all moments at any point.

Statically determinant structuresStructures which can be analysed with equations of staticequillibrium alone are called statically determinant structures.

i.e., SV = 0, SM = 0 and SH = 0

Statically indeterminate structuresThose structures whose reaction componants and internal stressescannot be found out by equations of static equillibrium alone.E.g.,

w1 w2 w

Static indeterminancyIt is the number of redundant forces that has to be removed totransform the structure to a statically determinant structure.

Degree of static indeterminancy (DS) : Equation additional tostatic equillibrium equations needed to analyse a staticallyindeterminant structure.

Ds = No. of unknowns – static equillibrium equationsDs = external indeterminancy + Internal indeterminancy. = se siD D+

Mechanics & Structural Analysis Mechanics A-5

seD = r – 6 for space frame

= r – 3 for plane frame

siD = m – (2j – 3) for pin joined plane frame

= m – (3j – 6) for pin joined space frame = 3c for rigid jointed plane frame = 6c for rigid jointed space frame

where,r – reaction componantsm – member forcesj – no. of joints of pin jointed framec – no. of cuts required to open the configuration or its no.

of boxes in the frame.

Analysis of statically determinate trusses (frames)Check for static determinancy

n = 2j – 3 for plane framen = 3j – 6 for space frame

where, n = no. of barsj = no. of joints

METHOD OF ANALYSIS1. Method of Joints

Forces are resolved in two perpendicular directions andequillibrium condition is applied. This can be applied onlyfor joints with two unknown forces.

2. Method of sectionIn this method, the structure is divided by an ideal surfaceinto two parts. Then the forces on the bars on either sideof the surface forms a system of forces in equillibrium andthe equations of static equillibrium is applied on any oneportion of the frame.This method can be applied to structures with limitednumber of members.

3. Tension coefficient method4. Graphical method

ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY DETERMINATEARCHESAn arch is a curved beam in which horizontal movement is partiallyor wholly restrained. Hence there is always a horizontal thrust atthe supports.Consider a 3-hinged archNumber of unknowns = 4No. of equations = 3 + 1 = 4 (3 static equillibrium and onemoment equation at C)\ It is a statically determinate structure.

Steps to analyse 3-hinged archl Find the vertically reactions VA and VB, similar to that of abeam.l The BM at C is zero.l If there is only vertical loads, then HA = HBl To find HA and HB, equate BM at C to zero and solve it.

If A and B are at different levels.l Take moment about C on forces on its either sides and get

equation of VA, H and VB, H respectively.l Total downward forces = VA + VBl Thus find value of H and then find VA and VB.

Rise

C

VBVA

HA HBA B

Span

Points to be noted– If a UDL of W/unit run is carried over whole span then :

l Horizontal thrust = 2Wl

8hl At any section, BM = 0, SF = 0l There will be axial compression in the arch.

C

A

B

– If arch is subjected to temperature, displacement of pointC is given by :

dh = 2 2l 4h t

4hæ ö+ ´aç ÷ç ÷è ø

Change in horizontal thrust due to temperature, change isgiven by:

dHH

= h

h-d

A

h

dh

l

Analysis of statically determinate cablesCable is assumed to have zero self weight and BM at every, sectionis zero.

A-6 Mechanics & Structural Analysis MechanicsSteps to analyse cable with 2 supports at same level.l Find the vertical reaction VA and VB by taking moment

about one support, similar to that of a simply supportedbeam.

l If there is only vertical loads, then HA = HB.

l If position of any point of chord is known, take SM = 0about this point to calculate horizontal reaction atsupports. Usually we take the lowest point.

VBVA

HA HB

RBRA

l Tension at the segments near to supports equal to resultantforces at support.

Note : We can analyse cable with support at two levels similar tothat of 3 hinged arch with support at different levels.

Analysis of cable with UDL all over its length.

VA = VB = wzl

HA = HB = 2w

8hl

VBVA

HA HB

w/unit m

q

Max tension, Tmax = 22 2

2 2 w wV H2 8h

æ öæ ö+ = + ç ÷ç ÷ ç ÷è ø è ø

l l

=2

2w 12 10h

æ ö+ ç ÷è ø

ll

l

Tmin = H (at lowest point)

Tension at any point, T =H

cot q

Length of cable = l + 28h

3lEffect of temperature

dh =23 . . t

16 hal

Change in stress due to change in temperature, df

dff

=2

2dH 3. . tH 16 h

l-= a

“Analysis of statically indeterminate structures”Strain energy (U) in linear elastic system due to :

(a) axial loading= 2P L

2AE

(b) Flexure loading= 2x

x0

m

2EIòl

dx.

(c) Shear stress= 2

0

VK2AGò

l dx,

k = form factor; k = 1.2 for rectangle

(d) Torsion = 2

0

T2JGò

l

In an elastic system, the deflection or rotation at any point causedby an external force or moment is equal to partial derivative ofstrain energy with reference to the force or couple at that point.

i.e.,V¶

¶w = d

VM

¶¶ =f

CASTIGLIANO'S SECOND THEOREMIt is based on principle of minimum strain energy and states thatin every case of static indeterminancy, where in an indefinitenumber of efficient values of redundant forces satisfy theconditions of static equillibrium, their actual values are those thatrender the strain energy stored to a minimum. i.e.,

UR

¶¶ = 0

UM

¶¶ = 0

Mechanics & Structural Analysis Mechanics A-7

1. Mohr’s circle for the state of stress defined by 30 00 30

é ùê úë û

MPa is a circle with(a) centre at (0, 0) and radius 30 MPa(b) centre at (0, 0) and radius 60 MPa(c) centre at (30, 0) and radius 30 MPa(d) centre at (30, 0) and zero radius

2. A long shaft of diameter d is subjected to twistingmoment T at its ends. The maximum normal stress actingat its cross-section is equal to

(a) zero (b) 316T

dp

(c) 332T

dp(d) 3

64Tdp

3. A thin-walled long cylindrical tank of inside radius r issubjected simultaneously to internal gas pressure p andaxial compressive force F at its ends. In order to produce‘pure shear’ state of stress in the wall of the cylinder,Fshould be equal to(a) ppr2 (b) 2ppr2(c) 3ppr2 (d) 4ppr2

4. If a beam of rectangular cross-section is subjected to avertical shear force V, the shear force carried by the upperone-third of the cross-section is

(a) zero (b)7V27

(c)8V27

(d)V3

5. The stiffness coefficient kij indicates(a) force at i due to a unit deformation at j(b) deformation at j due to a unit force at i(c) deformation at i due to a unit force j(d) force at j due to a unit deformation i

6. A metal bar of length 100 mm is inserted between tworigid supports and its temperature is increased by 10°C.If the coefficient of thermal expansion is 12 × 10–6 per °Cand the young’s modulus is 2 × 105 MPa, the stress in thebar is(a) zero (b) 12 MPa(c) 24 MPa (d) 2400 MPa

7. The maximum and minimum shear stresses in a hollowcircular shaft of outer diameter 20 mm and thickness 2 mm,subjected to a torque of 92.7 Nm will be(a) 59 MPa and 47.2 MPa(b) 100 MPa and 80 MPa(c) 118 MPa and 160 MPa(d) 200 MPa and 160 MPa

8. The shear stress at the neutral axis in a beam of triangularsection with a base of 40 mm and height 20 mm, subjectedto a shear force of 3 kN is(a) 3 MPa (b) 6 MPa(c) 10 MPa (d) 20 MPa

9. U1 and U2 are the strain energies stored in a prismatic bardue to axial tensile forces P1 and P2, respectively. Thestrain energy U stored in the same bar due to combinedaction of P1 and P2 will be(a) U = U1 + U2 (b) U = U1U2(c) U < U1 + U2 (d) U > U1 + U2

10. An axially loaded bar is subjected to a normal stress of173 MPa. The shear stress in the bar is(a) 75 MPa (b) 86.5 MPa(c) 100 MPa (d) 122.3 MPa

11. The shape of the cross-section, which has the largestshape factor, is(a) rectangular (b) I-section(c) diamond (d) solid circular

12. A vertical PQ of length L is fixed at its top end P and hasa flange to the bottom end. A weight W is droppedvertically from a height h (

A-8 Mechanics & Structural Analysis Mechanics17. A solid circular shaft of diameter d and length L is fixed

at one end and free at the other end. A torque t is appliedat the free end. The shear modulus of the material is G.The angle of twist at three free ends is

(a) 416TL

d Gp(b) 4

32TLd Gp

(c) 464TL

d Gp(d) 4

128TLd Gp

18. The number of independent elastic constants for a linearelastic isotropic and homogeneous material is(a) 4 (b) 3(c) 2 (d) 1

19. The effective length of a column of length L fixed againstrotation and translation at one end and free at the otherend is(a) 0.5 L (b) 0.7 L(c) 1.414 L (d) 2 L

20. The major and minor principal stresses at a point are3 MPa and –3 MPa respectively. The maximum shearstress at the point is(a) zero (b) 3 MPa(c) 6 MPa (d) 9 MPa

21. If a small concrete cube is submerged deep in still waterin such a way that the pressure exerted on all faces of thecube is p, then the maximum shear stress developedinside the cube is

(a) 0 (b)p2

(c) p (d) 2p22. The ratio of the theoretical critical buckling load for a

column with fixed ends to that of another column with thesame dimensions and material, but with pinned ends, isequal to(a) 0.5 (b) 1.0(c) 2.0 (d) 4.0

23. The following statements are related to bending of beams:I. The slope of the bending moment diagram is equal

to the shear force.II. The slope of the shear force diagram is equal to the

load intensity.III. The slope of the curvature is equal to the flexural

rotation.IV. The second derivative of the deflection is equal to

the curvature.The only FALSE statement is(a) I (b) II(c) III (d) IV

24. The Poisson’s ratio is defined as

(a)axial stress

lateral stress (b)lateral strainaxial strain

(c)lateral stressaxial stress

(d)axial strain

lateral strain

25. A simply supported beam is subjected to a uniformlydistributed load of intensity w per unit length, on half ofthe span from the end. The length of the span and theflexural stiffness are denoted as l and EI, respectively.The deflection at mid-span of the beam is

(a)45 wl

6144 EI(b)

45 wl786 EI

(c)45 wl

384 EI(d)

45 wl192 EI

26. The maximum value of Poisson’s ratio for an elasticmaterial is(a) 0.25 (b) 0.5(c) 0.75 (d) 1

27. In a linear elastic structural element(a) stiffness is directly proportional to flexibility(b) stiffness is inversely proportional to flexibility(c) stiffness is equal to flexibility(d) stiffness and flexibility are not related

28. A cantilever beam of tubular cross section consists oftwo materials, copper as outer cylinder and steel as innercylinder. It is subjected to temperature rise of 20°C andacopper > asteel. The stress developed in tubes will be(a) compression in steel and tension in copper(b) tension in steel and compression in copper(c) no stress in both(d) tension in both materials

29. The magnitude of only shear stress acting at a planestress situation is 7.5 N/mm2. The magnitude of principlestresses will be(a) +15 N/mm2 and –7.5 N/mm2(b) +7.5 N/mm2 and –15 N/mm2(c) +7.5 N/mm2 and –7.5 N/mm2(d) +10 N/mm2 and –7.5 N/mm2

30. The total elongation of the structural element fixed at oneend, free at the other end and of varying cross section asshown in the figure when subjected to a force p at freeend is given by

(a) PLAE

(b) PL3AE

(c) PL2.5AE

(d) PL2AE

31. The state of two-dimensional stresses acting on aconcrete lamina consists of a direct tensile stress, sx = 1.5N/mm2 and shear stress, t = 1.20 N/mm2, which causecracking of concrete. Then the tensile strength ofconcrete in N/mm2 is(a) 1.50 (b) 2.08(c) 2.17 (d) 2.29

32. A cantilever beam curved in plan and subjected to lateralloads will develop at any section.(a) BM and SF(b) BM and twisting moment(c) Twisting moment and SF(d) BM, twisting moment and SF

Mechanics & Structural Analysis Mechanics A-933. Pick the incorrect statement from the following four

statements.(a) On the plane which carries maximum normal stress, the

shear stress is zero(b) Principal planes are mutually orthogonal(c) On the plane which carries maximum shear stress, the

normal stress is zero(d) The principal stress axes and principal strain axes

coincide for an isotropic material34. If the principal stresses in a 2-D case are –10 mPa and 20 mPa

respectively, then maximum shear stress at the point is MPa(a) 10 mPa (b) 15 mPa(c) 20 mPa (d) 30 mPa

35. The maximum bending stress induced in a steel wire ofmodulus of elasticity 200 kN/m2 and diameter 1 mm whenwound on a drum of diameter 1 m is approximately equal to(a) 50 N/mm2 (b) 100 N/mm2(c) 200 N/mm2 (d) 400 N/mm2

36. For a given SF across a symmetrical I section, the intensityof shear stress is maximum at the(a) extreme fibres(b) centroid of the section(c) at the junction of the flange and the web, but on

the web(d) at the junction of the flange and the web, but on

the flange37. In a section, shear centre is a point through which, if the

resultant load passes, the section will be subjected to any(a) bending (b) tension(c) compression (d) torsion

38. The components of strain tensor at a point in the planestrain case can be obtained by measuring longitudinal strainin the following directions :(a) along any two arbitrary directions(b) along any three arbitrary directions(c) along two mutually orthogonal directions(d) along any arbitrary direction

39. The symmetry of stress tensor at a point in the body underequilibrium is obtained from(a) conservation of mass(b) force equilibrium equations(c) moment equilibrium equations(d) conservation of energy

40. If a beam of rectangular cross section is subjected to avertical shear force V, the shear force carried by the upperone-third of the cross section is

(a) 0 (b)7V27

(c)8V27

(d)V3

41. A cantilever beam of span L is subjected to a downwardload of 800 kN uniformly distributed over its length and aconcentrated upward load P at its free end. For verticaldisplacement to be zero at the free end, the value of P is(a) 300 kN (b) 500 kN(c) 800 kN (d) 1000 kN

42. A kern area of a solid circular section column of diameterD is a concentric circle of diameter ‘d’ equal to

(a)D8

(b)D6

(c)D4

(d)D2

43. The axial load carrying capacity of a long column of givenmaterial of cross sectional area A and length l is governed by(a) strength of its material only(b) its flexural rigidity only(c) its slenderness ratio only(d) both slenderness ratio and flexural rigidity

44. The Fixed End Moment (FEM) of a uniform beam of span land fixed at its ends subjected to a central point load P is

(a)Pl2

(b)Pl8

(c)P8

(d)p

1645. A beam fixed at the ends and subjected to lateral loads only

is statically indeterminate and degree of indeterminacy is(a) 1 (b) 2(c) 3 (d) 4

46. For linear elastic systems, the type of displacement functionfor the strain energy is(a) linear (b) quadratic(c) cubic (d) quartic

47. For a linear elastic structural system, minimization ofpotential energy yields(a) compactibility conditions(b) constitutive relation(c) equilibrium equation(d) strain displacement relation

48. Ratio of stiffness of a beam at the near end when the far endis hinged to the stiffness of the beam at the near end whenthe far end is fixed is

(a)12

(b)34

(c) 1 (d)43

49. The plastic modulus of a section is 4.8 × 104 m3. The shapefactor is 1.2. The plastic moment capacity of section is120 kNm. The yield stress of the material is(a) 100 mPa (b) 240 mPa(c) 250 mPa (d) 300 mPa

50. A three hinged parabolic arch ABC has a span of 20 m anda central rise of 4 m. The arch has hinges at the ends and atthe corner. A train of two point loads of 20 kN and 10 kN, 5m apart crosses this arch from left to right, with 20 kN loadleading. The maximum thrust induced at support 5 is(a) 25 kN (b) 28.13 kN(c) 31.25 kN (d) 32.81 kN

A-10 Mechanics & Structural Analysis Mechanics

1. (d) Principle stress, s11 = s22 (both 30)\ Radius of Mohr circle = s11 – s22 = 0In centre will be at (30, 0)

2. (b) J = 432p d

maxt =4

.2

32

g = ´pT T dJ d

= 316p

Td

sn =1 2 1 2( ) ( ) cos 2 sin 2

2 2s + s s - s+ q - t q

1 0,s = 2 0,s = 45q = °

(max) max 3160 0 1s = + - t ´ =pn

Td

3. (c) Consider a thin long cylindrical tank2s´ ´lt = .2 .p r l

\ 0s =prt

(tensile)

Due to pressure at longitudinal section2p ´r p = 2 zrtp ´ s

sz = 2prt

Due to compressive force, F

Longitudinal force =2

Frtp

\ Total longitudinal stress =2 2pr Ft rt

-p

(compressive)

t = 1 22

s - s

Þprt

= 2 2pr Ft rt

æ ö- -ç ÷è øp

Þ2

Frtp

=32prt

Þ F = 23ppr

4. (b) Variation of shear stress,

t =.V Aybl

Taking a height y from N. A.

t =

/ 2.2 2d d yV y b y

b

-æ ö æ ö- ´ +ç ÷ ç ÷è ø è ø´l

= 2 2( / 4 )

2-l

V d y

dF = . .t b dy =

22

4.

2

æ ö-ç ÷ç ÷è ø ´l

dV yb dy

Integrating

22

/2/2 2 3

/6 /6

4 7. . .2 2 4 3 27

æ ö-ç ÷ç ÷ é ùè ø= = - =ê ú

ë ûò

l l

dd

d d

dV yVb d y VF b dy y

6. (c) Stress = E × strain = d´ ll

E

= aE t=2 × 105 × 12 × 10–6 × 10=24 mPa

7. (b)rt

=TJ

16 mm

2m