730 Chapter 21 Chapter 21 Review and Assessment Key Terms 1. reparations 2. trench warfare 3. self-determination 4. propaganda 5. Militarism Comprehension and Critical Thinking 6. (a) German U-boats sank the Lusitania, killing more than 100 Americans, and the Zimmermann Telegram, advocating an invasion of the United States, was intercepted. (b) The United States declared war in both cases to protect its interests. In both cases a perceived naval attack increased support for war. However, the United States entered World War I much more reluctantly than it entered the Spanish-American War. 7. (a) American women volunteered for service in the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy Nursing Corps. They also took jobs that were traditionally held by men who were now fighting in the war. (b) Suf- fragists’ support of the war effort brought them broader support to give women full voting rights. 8. (a) German Americans’ patriotism was questioned and they faced discrimina- tion and sometimes violence. (b) Using the term “liberty cabbage” shows a dis- dain for things German, even German words. (c) Answers will vary, but stu- dents should use what they have learned in the text to develop their answers. 9. (a) Wilson wanted the United States to be in a strong position to influence the negotiations at the end of the war. (b) Possible answer: He succeeded par- tially, because he was unable to per- suade the Allies not to punish Germany harshly; however, he did persuade them to establish the League of Nations. 10. (a) Wilson believed that the League of Nations was necessary for preserving peace; Lodge believed it weakened the power of the United States. (b) Possi- ble answer: Washington’s advice “to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world” is closer to Lodge’s position. History Reading Skill 11. Answers will vary, but should reflect an understanding of the main ideas in each section and how the main ideas connect in a meaningful way. Writing 12. Students’ paragraphs should be based on information from the text. A sen- tence that clearly states the main idea should open the paragraphs and there should be supporting facts, reasons, and examples. 13. Students’ letters should contain accu- rate information based on what is in the text. CHAPTER 21 Review and Assessment 730 Chapter 21 World War I Key Terms Fill in the blanks with the correct key terms from this chapter. 1. The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany by making it pay _____. 2. In _____, armies fired at each other across a barren patch called no man’s land. 3. The principle of _____ meant that nations could choose their own form of government. 4. The use of _____ helped stir support for the war effort. 5. _____ led nations to place great pride and trust in their armies and navies. Comprehension and Critical Thinking 6. (a) Describe Describe the events that led the United States to declare war on Germany. (b) Contrast Review what you learned about the Spanish-American War. How were the rea- sons for declaring war on Spain similar to the reasons for declaring war on Germany? How were they different? 7. (a) Recall How did American women support the war effort? (b) Analyze Cause and Effect How did the role of women during the war affect their political status? 8. (a) Recall What problems did German Americans face during World War I? (b) Identify Bias How is the use of an expression such as “liberty cabbage” for “sauerkraut” an example of bias? (c) Apply Information Suggest one way that people can avoid such bias during wartime. 9. (a) Explain Why did Wilson want American forces to fight separately from French and British armies? (b) Evaluate Information Did Wilson’s plan succeed? 10. (a) Recall How did Wilson and Lodge disagree over the League of Nations? (b) Detect Points of View Recall what you learned about George Washington’s Farewell Address. Do you think Washington’s viewpoint was closer to that of Wilson or to that of Lodge? History Reading Skill 11.Identify and Connect Main Ideas Identify a main idea from each of the four sections in this chapter. Explain how these ideas connect to one another. If possible, find a connection to an earlier event or to a current event. Writing 12. Write two paragraphs about one of the follow- ing issues involving World War I: • Describe what happened on the “home front” during the war. • Evaluate the effectiveness of President Wil- son as a leader. • Take a stand about America’s entry into World War I. Your paragraph should: • begin with a sentence stating your main idea about your subject; • include facts, reasons, and examples from the chapter to develop your ideas. 13. Write a Letter: Imagine that you are an American soldier in France during World War I. Write a letter home describing your experiences. Skills for Life Recognize Propaganda Use the poster below to answer the questions. 14. (a) Who do you think created this poster? (b) What did the creator of the poster want people to do? 15. What propaganda techniques are used? 16. Do you think the poster was an effective form of propaganda? Why or why not?