SRI LANKA: RAPE OF TAMIL WOMEN, MEN AND CHILDREN BY THE SRI LANKAN ARMED FORCES AND THEIR COLLABORATORS

8/12/2019 SRI LANKA: RAPE OF TAMIL WOMEN, MEN AND CHILDREN BY THE SRI LANKAN ARMED FORCES AND THEIR COLLAB…

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March 9, 2014 SRI LANKA GUARDIAN

SRI LANKA: RAPE OF TAMIL WOMEN, MEN AND CHILDREN BY THESRI LANKAN ARMED FORCES AND THEIR COLLABORATORS

| by Brian Sn!ira"nMA (Cantab), MBBChir (Cantab), MBBS (Hons) (Lond),

MD (Lond), FRCP(Lond), FRACP

Brisban, A!stra"ia#E#$%"i& '%((ary

$h ra% o& $a'i" cii"ians (o'n, *ir"s and n 'n) in th Sri Lan+an orth and-ast b. th Sri Lan+an (Sinha"s) Ar'd Forcs (at a"" ""s), Po"ic, s%cia"isdPo"ic !nits s!ch as th Cri'ina" /nsti*ation D%art'nt (C/D), th $rroris'/nsti*ation D%art'nt ($/D), th Co"o'bo Cri' Diision (CCD), ationa"/nt""i*nc B!ra! (/B), and th Sri Lan+an /nt""i*nc Sric (S/S), %ro*orn'nt $a'i" %ara'i"itar. *ro!%s, and n Sinha"s or+rs r"ocatd or sntto th $a'i" aras to or+ on sra" %rocts, has no bco' a 'aor %rob"'#

ith th br!ta" (Sinha"s) 'i"itar. and %o"ic r!nnin* th orth and -ast, tratin*

th $a'i" cii"ians as th 3s%oi"s o& ar, and th ara as 3con5!rd trritor., bac+db. th 6orn'nt o& Prsidnt Mahinda Raa%a+sa that dos hat it "i+s tohor it "i+s ith no acco!ntabi"it., intrnationa" intrntion is 'andator. and!r*nt#

A "adin* or*anisation &or o'n in Sri Lan+a said, on 14 7!". 2018, that in SriLan+a a o'an is ra%d r. 90 'in!ts# ith ""doc!'ntd !ndrr%ortin*bca!s o& sha' or &ar, th act!a" n!'br o& %o%" s!bctd to ra% and s!a"io"nc in th $a'i" aras, is '!ch hi*hr#

Ra% is d&ind in th Ro' Stat!t o& th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" Co!rt (/CC)# Ra%is a ar cri' hn in&"ictd ith i'%!nit. b. ictorio!s ar'is# Broadr than ra%,an. &or' o& s!a" io"nc is %rohibitd !ndr both c!sto'ar. /ntrnationa"H!'anitarian La and Co''on Artic" 8 o& th 6na Conntions# /ntrnationa"h!'an ri*hts "a %rohibits s!a" io"nc#

S!a" io"nc consists o& actions o& a s!a" nat!r co''ittd ith a %rsonitho!t thir consnt, hich bsids inc"!din* th %h.sica" inasion o& th h!'anbod., 'a. inc"!d acts that do not i'%". %ntration or n an. %h.sica" contacthatsor# -a'%"s inc"!d &orcd n!dit. or ir*init. tsts# Corin* a broadran* o& *ndrbasd o&&ncs s!ch as ra%, s!a" s"ar., 'o"station, s!a"'!ti"ation, &orcd 'arria*, &orcd abortion, n&orcd %rostit!tion, &orcd %r*nanc.and n&orcd stri"isation, s!a" io"nc is d&ind as an. act o& a s!a" nat!r

that is co''ittd on a %rson !ndr circ!'stancs that ar corci#

Acts o& s!a" io"nc 'a. constit!t ar cri's or cri's a*ainst h!'anit.#

/n addition to dirct cri'ina" rs%onsibi"it. &or cri's co''ittd on th *ro!nd,co''andrs or othr s!%riors ('i"itar. or cii") 'a. b *!i"t. &or &ai"in* to %rnt or%!nish cri's b. thir s!bordinats#

$h incrasd (Sinha"s) 'i"itarisation o& th orth and -ast is on o& th 'osti'%ortant &actors (i& not the 'ost i'%ortant &actor) &or th "ar* n!'br o&doc!'ntd instancs o& ra% and s!a" io"nc !n"ashd on th "oca" ($a'i")%o%!"ation# $h coro""ar. is that !n"ss:!nti" th Ar'd Forcs ar r'od &ro' th

$a'i" aras, th 3%id'ic o& ra% i"" contin!#

1




$h Sri Lan+an *orn'nts %o"ic. o& %rotctin* cri'ina"s and a""oin* "oca"%o"iticians and othrs ho s!%%ort th r*i' in %or, to carr. o!t s!ch cri's ithi'%!nit. has co'%o!ndd th %rob"'#

$h cri'ina" !stic s.st' in th co!ntr. has co""a%sd# $hr ar srio!s concrnsabo!t th ind%ndnc o& th !diciar. and th ad5!ac. o& othr chc+s on-c!ti and Mi"itar.:Po"ic %or# $h incras in ra% cass is a si*n o&"a"ssnss#

/t is cr!cia" to a%%rciat that ra% and othr *ross io"ations o& h!'an ri*hts ar*oin* on toda. in th $a'i" orth and -ast, nar". &i .ars a&tr th nd o& thar'd con&"ict# $h c!rrnt %rob"' is d! to &o!r &actors; 1)$h 6oSL and its Ar'd Forcs b"iin* that th $a'i" %o%" ar th 3icti's o& ar# 2) $h SriLan+an Ar'd Forcs r!nnin* th $a'i" aras < bhain* "i+ an Ar'. o&=cc!%ation ith no acco!ntabi"it.# 8) $h co""a%s o& La and =rdr and n th !dicia" s.st'# 4) $h c"!sion o& intrnationa"". crdib" h!'an ri*hts *ro!%s,ind%ndnt obsrrs and th 'dia &ro' th ara b. th 6oSL#

As a doctor o& 'dicin in A!stra"ia, thr ha bn sra" Sri Lan+an as."!'s+rs r&rrd to ' ho ar in nd o& 'dica" attntion# Man. o& th' had bnra%d, and ha %h.sica" and %s.cho"o*ica" %rob"'s#

Sinc '!ch o& th ra% in th $a'i" aras is associatd ith th 2>.ar "on* ar inSri Lan+a, this is bri&". dscribd#

Wikileaks has r"asd a doc!'nt snt in 200> b. thn ?S A'bassador (Robrt=#B"a+ 7r) in Co"o'bo, to th ?SA, tit"d, Sri Lanka: GSL complicity in paramilitaryfactions’ Human Rights abuses.$h A'bassadors r%ort da"s ith to s%arat%arts o& th $a'i" orth and -ast !ndr to ($a'i") %o%", Do!*"as Dananda (in

7a&&na in th orth), and 3@ar!na (ina.a*a'oorth. M!ra"itharan) (in th -ast)# $hisis r%rod!cd#

$h *ro!nd sit!ation in th $a'i" orth and -ast is dscribd, and th o%tionsaai"ab" to th ($a'i") %o%" ho "i thr < 1)$o conca" th &act that th. habn ra%d# 2) $o str!**" and co% ith th cons5!ncs, inc"!din* %r*nanc.#8)$o s+ (%h.sica") r&!*# 4)$o co'%"ain# )# $o "a th co!ntr. i& %ossib"# >)$oco''it s!icid#

$h "*a" di'nsion is *on into in dtai" both /ntrnationa" La, Conntions and$ratis and Sri Lan+as Las and th Constit!tion#

Maor intrnationa" %!b"ications on Ra% in Sri Lan+a ar citd and disc!ssd#

$h !r*nt nd to ad'it A'nst. /ntrnationa", H!'an Ri*hts atch and/ntrnationa" Crisis 6ro!% into Sri Lan+a in *nra", th $a'i" orth and -ast in%artic!"ar, &or h!'anitarian rasons, is strssd# $his, o& co!rs, th Sri Lan+anr*i' i"" not a""o# Hnc th abso"!t nd &or intrnationa" %rss!r, ith &orc i&ncssar.# $h !s o& &orc is %r'ittd in th ? R2P (Rs%onsibi"it. $o Protct)#$h $a'i" cii"ians in th orth and -ast ar 'ost d&init". in nd o& %rotction# $h 5!stion o& addrssin* th %rob"' "oca"". and intrnationa"". ar st o!t#$h %!b"ication nds ith a sris o& s!**std actions#

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/ntrnationa" o'ns Da. 2014

$his %!b"ication is bin* r"asd on /ntrnationa" o'ns Da. 2014, March th#

$h ?nitd ations dc"ars an 3Ann!a" $h'# $h th' &or 2014 is “Inspiringhange!.

=n %"ac hr 3chan* is 'ost !r*nt". ndd is th $a'i" aras in Sri Lan+a <th orth and -ast < no !ndr 'i"itar. occ!%ation hr thr is an 3-%id'ic o&Ra% o& $a'i" o'n, *ir"s and n 'n, b. th (Sinha"s) Ar'd Forcs, Po"icand thir co""aborators# /t is a %"ac hr 3chan* is 'ost !n"i+". to occ!r, !n"ssthr is dcisi intrnationa" action < not 'r ords#

$his %a%r is to dra intrnationa" attntion to th ds%rat %"i*ht o& $a'i" o'nand *ir"s in th orth and -ast in th 3D'ocratic Socia"ist R%!b"ic o& Sri Lan+a asit is ina%%ro%riat". ca""d# /t is nithr 3d'ocratic nor 3socia"ist, b!t a $ota"itarianStat !ndr a ds%otic r*i' and a br!ta", '!rdro!s (Sinha"s) 'i"itar. that dos

hat it ants to hor it ants ith abso"!t i'%!nit. and no acco!ntabi"it.#/ntrnationa" h!'an ri*hts *ro!%s ar bannd &ro' ntrin* th ara so that hat isdon can b don itho!t ind%ndnt obsrrs# /t is a *ross io"ation o& h!'anri*hts itho!t itnsss#

A!stra"ian Par"ia'ntarian Christin Mi"n, th "adr o& th 6rns Part., *ot it ri*hthn sh said that “Sri Lanka has a "emocratically electe" "ictatorship engage" inthe abuse of its people# particularly the $amils!

Ds%it a scathin* r%ort on Sri Lan+a s!b'ittd to th ? Scrtar. 6nra" Ban+iMoon on 81 March 2011 b. a Pan" o& -%rts a%%ointd b. hi', nothin* hasbn don to addrss th sca"atin* ab!s o& h!'an ri*hts# So '!ch &or 3Inspiring

hange’.

$h th' &or 2018 as “% promise is a promise. $ime for action to en" &iolenceagainst 'omen.! /n Sri Lan+a th 3%ro'is (to nd io"nc a*ainst o'n) as nota %ro'is# 2018 sa a 'ar+d incras in th io"nc a*ainst $a'i" o'n, andth sit!ation is dtrioratin*#

/n 200, it as “(n"ing Impunity for )iolence against 'omen an" girls.! /n Sri Lan+a,th io"nc, inc"!din* so' o& th 'ost srio!s cri's inc"!din* ra%, tort!r,'!rdr and 3disa%%arancs o& $a'i" cii"ians is don ith abso"!t i'%!nit.# /t isnot 3ndin* i'%!nit. b!t 3contin!in* i'%!nit.#

/n 200, it as “Gen"er e*uality beyon" +,,-: uil"ing a more secure future!. $hathas bn %artia"". achid in that $a'i" o'n and 'n stand an 5!a" chanc o&bin* ra%d or s!a"". 'o"std# As &or 3a sc!r &!t!r, th &!t!r o& th $a'i"%o%" has nr bn 'or insc!r in 2,00 .ars o& rcordd histor.# $h on".%o%" ith a 3sc!r &!t!r ar ''brs o& Prsidnt Mahinda Raa%a+sas !ntaand scors o& his r"atis, and th (Sinha"s) Ar'd Forcs# $hir &!t!r is r.sc!r#

/n 199, it as “Women an" Human Rights! # /n Sri Lan+a, o'n in th $a'i" arasha no ri*hts, not n basic h!'an ri*hts# $h. do not n ha th ri*ht tos!ri, hich is a io"ation o& Artic" 8 o& th ?nirsa" Dc"aration o& H!'an Ri*hts;/(&eryone has the right to life# liberty an" security!. $h ?nirsa" Dc"aration did notstat 3-r.on, othr than th $a'i"s in Sri Lan+a, ha th ri*ht to "i&, "ibrt. andsc!rit.# $hat is hat it has co' to#

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Ra% is on". on o& a '!"tit!d o& h!'an ri*hts ab!ss s!&&rd b. th $a'i" %o%"#$his ab!s has s+.roc+td a&tr Prsidnt Raa%a+sa ca' into %or ino'br 200#

/t is ti' to 'o b.ond /$hemes’ and act to i'%"'nt ths th's# /& /change’dos not occ!r, th ? i"" bco' .t anothr ta"+sho% hr "itt" o& si*ni&icancha%%ns# $h ? is &ast bco'in* a ('aor) %art o& th %rob"'s in th or"d rathrthan th so"!tion#

/t is not that th ? dos not ha th %or to act# ? R2P1 (Rs%onsibi"it. toProtct < s "atr) *is th ncssar. %or to act# $h 5!stion is hthr th? and its 5!stionab" Scrtar. 6nra" ha th intntion to act# As &or thh!'anitarian crisis in Sri Lan+a, th ? Scrtar. 6nra" has 'or than a cas toansr# H as arnd in ar". 2009, that thr as *oin* to b a b"oodbath, b!to%td to do nothin* not n to *o to Sri Lan+a, sa.in* that thr as nothin* hco!"d do#

A&tr th b"oodbath, h "itra"". dro%%d in, arrid at a 3concntration ca'%, as*ar"andd, s'i"d, and "&t < sa.in* that h had not sn s!ch a disastr in his "i&#Co"d co'&ort &or th icti's#

/& th ? and its d!bio!s Scrtar. 6nra" do not act, it is ti' &or th or"d to actand brin* th %r%trators o& ar cri's and cri's a*ainst h!'anit. to boo+, andsto% th sca"atin* io"ation o& h!'an ri*hts in Sri Lan+a, !sin* &orc i& ncssar. (asis %r'ittd b. th ? R2P)# Histor. has shon that this is abo!t th on". a. toda" ith dictators, t.rants and cri'ina"s ho ha Stat %rotction and ar aboth "a#

Co!rts

$h /ntrnationa" Co!rt o& 7!stic (/C7) (th soca""d 3or"d Co!rt) is a %ossibi"it.# /tis th !dicia" or*an o& th ?nitd ations and co!ntris can b ta+n b&or it , b!ton". b. anothr ? co!ntr. < not b. indiid!a"s# /t sits in $h Ha*!, thr"ands#

$h ? H!'an Ri*hts Co''itt is 'or %ro'isin*# /t is not a Co!rt b!t a *ro!% o&1 or"d %rts ('ain". !d*s and "a.rs) ho sit in 6na# /t is th %rt bod.that 'onitors th co'%"ianc o& Stats ith th ? /ntrnationa" Conant on Cii"and Po"itica" Ri*hts (/CCPR) and "oo+s into hthr ths ha bn io"atd# /t is a%or&!" ? or*an ith dirct accss to th ?#

Sri Lan+a has si*nd th /CCPR# As s!ch, th H!'an Ri*hts Co''itt i""insti*at co'%"aints# An. indiid!a", or *ro!%, hos ri*hts ha bn io"atd canco'%"ain a*ainst Sri Lan+a, and th Co''itt i"" act (as it has in othr casshr co'%"aints ha bn "od*d)# -%nsi "a.rs and a co'%"icatd "*a"%rocss ar not ndd#

A"" that is ndd is an indiid!a" hos ri*hts ha bn io"atd, to a%%ar b&orth Co''itt and "od* a co'%"aint# /t 'i*ht h"% to ha a "a.r or a "*a" ta'b!t it is not r5!ird#

1 htt%;::#!n#or*:n:%rnt*nocid:adisr:rs%onsibi"it.#sht'"

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A"tho!*h not a 3Co!rt, to ha ons co'%"aint "oo+d into and crti&id b. a *ro!% o&1 !d*s and "a.rs ho 'a+ !% th H!'an Ri*hts Co''itt, is c"ar".i'%ortant#

/ do not +no h. this has not bn don# $h "ast that can b don is that s!ch aco'%"aint b "od*d no# /t sho!"d ha bn don &o!r .ars a*o# $h H!'anRi*hts Co''itt o!"d ha "oo+d into it and s!b'ittd a R%ort to th ? a "on*ti' a*o#

$h /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" Co!rt (/CC), is a"so an ind%ndnt instit!tion and not %arto& th ?nitd ations s.st' b!t 3'aintains a coo%rati r"ationshi% ith th ?##/t is th &irst %r'annt, trat. basd, intrnationa" cri'ina" co!rt *ornd b. thRo' Stat!t, stab"ishd to nd i'%!nit. &or th %r%trators o& th 'ost srio!scri's that ar o& concrn to th intrnationa" co''!nit.# /t sits in $h Ha*!# $ota+ Sri Lan+a and th %r%trators o& cri's a*ainst h!'anit. b&or th /CC is a%ossibi"it.#

Sri Lan+a is not a %art. to th Ro' Stat!t and is !n"i+". to si*n !%# Hor, th? Sc!rit. Co!nci" co!"d r&r th 'attr to th /CC# Hor , Sri Lan+a has3&rinds in th ? Sc!rit. Co!nci", s!ch as China, hich can, and i"", b"oc+ thisand an. othr action ta+n a*ainst Sri Lan+a#

$h ? H!'an Ri*hts Co!nci" (? HRC) sits in 6na r. thr 'onths# /t is !st a ta"+sho%# Co!ntr. r%rsntatis ar not h!'an ri*hts %rts b!t, in 'an.cass, %o"itica" "ac+.s# $h HRC has an o!tstandin* Had, Hi*h Co''issionraanth' Pi""a.# Pi""a. is on". th Had o& th HRC2 < not the HRC# Sh hasas+d &or an /nd%ndnt /ntrnationa" /nsti*ation into hat ha%%nd in thc"osin* sta*s o& th ar'd con&"ict in Sri Lan+a (1 Ma. 2009) &or .ars# Et nothin*has ha%%nd#

$h ? HRC can bst b !d*d b. hat ha%%nd a&tr th 'ass '!rdr o&tho!sands o& $a'i" cii"ians in th orth and -ast o& Sri Lan+a, hich ndd on 1Ma. 2009# =n Ma. 2> and 2, 2009, !st a + a&tr this o!tra*, th ? HRC in a3S%cia" sssion, c"ar". s%onsord b. Sri Lan+a, %assd a Rso"!tion co''ndin*Sri Lan+a8# H!'an Ri*hts atch s"a''d th Rso"!tion; “Sri Lanka: 01 Rightsouncil 2ails )ictims! #4

ith a rt!rn to sanit. in 2012 and 2018, ? HRC %assd to Rso"!tions critica" o&Sri Lan+a b!t sti"" *a ti' (a .ar ach ti') &or ra%, '!rdr, 3disa%%aranc andothr 'aor h!'an ri*hts io"ations in th $a'i" aras to contin!# $hsRso"!tions r 3atrd don to 'a+ th' %o"itica"". 'or acc%tab" so that

hat as &ina"". %assd as 5!it 'anin*"ss# -n ths 3atrd donRso"!tions ha bn i*nord b. Sri Lan+a#

/n a & +s ti' (nd o& March 2014), .t anothr 3Rso"!tion i"" b %assd onSri Lan+as h!'an ri*hts rcord, and %ossib". on th nd &or an /ntrnationa"/nd%ndnt /n5!ir.# hthr that too b 3atrd don, and n i& it is not,hthr it i"" si'%". b i*nord b. Sri Lan+a, r'ains to b sn# 6in th %astrcord, / a' not o%ti'istic#

2

A%%ointd &or a 4.ar tr' on 1 S%t 200, and tndd &or anothr 2 .ars in 20128 20 in &ao!r, 12 a*ainst, > abstntions4 htt%;::#hr#or*:ns:2009:0:2:sri"an+a!nri*htsco!nci"&ai"sicti's




$h Raa%a+sa !nta has a"rad. said that an intrnationa" insti*ation into arcri's is 3intr&rin* ith a sori*n Stat and is !nacc%tab"# /t has a"so said thatintrnationa" 3'dd"in* i"" 3co'%"icat th iss!# $hat, o& co!rs, is arrantnonsns# /ntrnationa" action to sto% ab!s i"" *rat". si'%"i&. th %rob"' (andn sto% it), not 3co'%"icat it# /& an i'%ortant Rso"!tion is %assd a*ainst Sri Lan+a and th Sri Lan+an r*i't""s th ? HRC to *t "ost, nothin* i"" ha%%n# $hr is no ta"+ o& cono'icsanctions bin* i'%osd on Sri Lan+a sho!"d Sri Lan+a si'%". i*nor th Rso"!tion#itho!t %na"tis, ths Rso"!tions ar !s"ss# Po%" "i+ 3Prsidnt MahindaRaa%a+sa and his a""%or&!" brothr, 6otaba.a Raa%a+sa, D&nc Scrtar. (inra"it. th "e facto Prsidnt < his brothr bin* on". th "e 3ure Prsidnt), i""%robab". as+ th ? HRC to *t "ost (as th. ha in th %ast), or sa. that th. nd'or ti' < nd"ss .ars o& ti' < 3to sort thin*s o!t, and that an. othr a"trnatiis an att'%t to 3b!"". a s'a"" co!ntr. or s!%%ort $a'i" $i*r 3trrorists (n i& th.ha bn cr!shd, on th 6orn'nts on c"ai')# /ncidnta""., ith a "and ara o&2,200 s5 'i"s, Sri Lan+a is not a %artic!"ar". s'a"" co!ntr. and is '!ch "ar*r than

'an. ? co!ntris#

/& non o& ths ar %ossib", thn Sri Lan+a i"" ha to b ta+n b&or th 3Bar o&3/ntrnationa" P!b"ic =%inion# $his 'ans a%%risin* th or"d o& hat is *oin* onbhind th c"osd and cnsord doors o& Sri Lan+a# A'nst. /ntrnationa" (A/),H!'an Ri*hts atch (HR) and /ntrnationa" Crisis 6ro!% (/C6), a'on* othrs,ha don an o!tstandin* ob# =!r d!t. is to *t this in&or'ation to th rst o& thor"d# $hat is asir said than don bca!s th intrnationa" 'dia ar notintrstd# $hr is no a. o& *ttin* this cr!cia" in&or'ation and car&!"".doc!'ntd idnc to th %o%" o!tsid Sri Lan+a < or &or that 'attr, n in SriLan+a, bca!s o& th si"ncin* o& th 'dia b. th 6orn'nt o& Sri Lan+a(6oSL)#

ith this "n*th., b!t ssntia", introd!ction as to hat is %ossib" and not %ossib", /i"" *t on to th %rob"' to b addrssd#

T) *+i(i$- ./ ra+ ./ Ta(i0 !.(n, 1ir0' an (n $h ra% o& $a'i" cii"ians (o'n, *ir"s and n 'n) in th Sri Lan+an orth and-ast b. th Sri Lan+an (Sinha"s) Ar'd Forcs (at a"" ""s), Po"ic, s%cia"isdPo"ic !nits s!ch as th Cri'ina" /nsti*ation D%art'nt (C/D), th $rroris'/nsti*ation D%art'nt ($/D), th Co"o'bo Cri' Diision (CCD), ationa"/nt""i*nc B!ra! (/B), and th Sri Lan+an /nt""i*nc Sric (S/S), %ro*orn'nt $a'i" %ara'i"itar. *ro!%s, and n Sinha"s or+rs r"ocatd or snt

to th $a'i" aras to or+ on sra" %rocts, has no bco' a 'aor %rob"'#

ith th br!ta" (Sinha"s) 'i"itar. and %o"ic r!nnin* th orth and -ast, tratin*th $a'i" cii"ians as th 3s%oi"s o& ar, and th ara as 3con5!rd trritor., bac+db. th 6orn'nt o& Prsidnt Mahinda Raa%a+sa that dos hat it "i+s tohor it "i+s ith no acco!ntabi"it., intrnationa" intrntion is 'andator. and!r*nt#

/''diat Action

$h r. "ast that can b don is th i((ia" ad'ission o& A/, HR and /C6into Sri Lan+a in *nra", th $a'i" orth and -ast in %artic!"ar, &or h!'anitarianrasons# $hr is no othr a. to n c!rb, "t a"on rrs, th sca"atin*io"ation o& h!'an ri*hts, inc"!din* ra%# $his, o& co!rs, th Sri Lan+an r*i' i""

>




not a""o# Hnc th abso"!t nd &or intrnationa" %rss!r, ith &orc i& ncssar.#$h !s o& &orc is %r'ittd in th ? R2P (Rs%onsibi"it. $o Protct) hich / ha'ntiond and i"" dtai" "atr# $h $a'i" cii"ians in th orth and -ast ar 'ostd&init". in nd o& %rotction#

$h 3Adancd -ditd rsion o& th R%ort o& ? Scrtar. 6nra" &or H!'anRi*hts to b s!b'ittd to th 2th Sssion o& th ? H!'an Ri*hts Co!nci" (?HRC) that startd on 8 March 2014, as r"asd on 24 Fbr!ar. 2014# /t is o&srio!s concrn that in this hi*h". co''ndab" R%ort, “4romoting reconciliationan" accountability in Sri Lanka! , thr is not a ord abo!t th abso"!t nd to ad'itths 'aor h!'an ri*hts or*anisations (on o& th' a ob" Pri innr) into SriLan+a to 'onitor th sca"ation o& h!'an ri*hts io"ations, inc"!din* ra% and othrsrio!s io"ations o& h!'an ri*hts# /t is a 'aor d&icinc. in this o!tstandin* R%ort#

/& this on act (th ad'ission o& A/, HR and /C6) is achid, it o!"d b 'ori'%ortant than %assin* a don !s"ss 3Rso"!tions hich is hat th ? HRC hasdon, and i"" a"'ost crtain". do in March 2014# /t i"" b anothr rcis in &!ti"it.

as ha bn so 'an. Rso"!tions %assd b. th ? and its ario!s bodis# $h.ar on". 3ta"+sho%s hich achi nothin*# /t is not abo!t to chan*# PrsidntRaa%a+sa and othr dictators +no this &!"" ""#

$h %ossib" "*a" action that can b ta+n as st o!t b. 6o&&r. Robrtson GC, a"adin* British barristr and a or"d a!thorit. on Cri's A*ainst H!'anit.# Addrssin* an /ntrnationa" Con&rnc in London rcnt". h said ;

“So it’s clear that soft po'er# arguments# the "iplomatic solutions# ha&e faile" to bringhome# to punish the perpetrators# or to bring pressure on the Sri LankanGo&ernment5.. 'e’&e got to ask 'hat reme"ies might there be in international la' tobring the perpetrators to account.!

hat h s!**std is s!''arisd at th nd o& this %!b"ication#

L*a" cons5!ncs

Ra% and s!a" io"nc (d&ind "atr) ar %rohibitd !ndr /ntrnationa"H!'anitarian La (/HL), /ntrnationa" H!'an Ri*hts La, and /ntrnationa" Cri'ina"La, %rdo'inant". thro!*h th %rohibition o& tort!r and cr!", inh!'an andd*radin* trat'nt#

Ra% and s!a" io"nc ar %"icit". "istd as ar cri's in on/ntrnationa"

Ar'd Con&"icts (/ACs) and cri's a*ainst h!'anit. b. th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina"Co!rt (/CC) Stat!t#

Sinc "*a" action 'a. "" b ncssar. to da" ith th %r%trators o& thscri's in Sri Lan+a, it is i'%ortant to *o into this in so' dtai"#

$h n!'brs a&&ctd

S%t'br 2th and 29th 2018,“%ccountability for $amil Genoci"e in Sri Lanka Its significance for the 'orl"!




3Women for Rights’ 6 # on o& th "adin* or*anisations &or o'n in Sri Lan+a, at a%rss con&rnc in Co"o'bo on 14 7!". 2018 said that in Sri Lan+a a o'an asra%d r. 90 'in!ts#

Sri Lan+a is th in th "ist co!ntris hr do'stic io"nc occ!rs# Cri's ca!sin*io"nc r"atin* to o'n and chi"drn ar on th ris# /n Sri Lan+a th citins "iin an niron'nt that has no rs%ct &or o'n# /t is sti'atd that 9 o& o'n!sin* %!b"ic trans%ort ar at ris+ o& bin* s!bctd to s!a" harass'nt#

$h n!'br o& %o%" bin* ra%d is incrasin*;

Ra%s 2002011

Ear $ota" n!'br ?ndra* (!ndr 1 .ars) 200 1,92 1,1 2009 1,>24 1,22

2010 1,4 1,14> 2011 1,1 1,4>8

Prsntin* ths shoc+in* &i*!rs in th Sri Lan+an Par"ia'nt, Cabint Ministr andChi& 6orn'nt hi%, Dinsh 6!naardna, said that th 'aorit. o& ra% casshad bn r%ortd &ro' @and., An!radha%!ra and Co"o'bo (a"" in th Sinha"sara), c"ar". indicatin* that th "ar* n!'br o& %o%" ra%d in th $a'i" aras hadnot bn inc"!dd# Prs!'ab". th Sri Lan+an a!thoritis do not s that th ra% o&$a'i" o'n, *ir"s and 'n in th orth and -ast sho!"d b inc"!dd in thstatistics# $h. s' to b 3non%o%"#

$his is si'i"ar to hat ha%%nd in 194 hn th P"antation $a'i"s o& /ndian ori*inr disn&ranchisd and dcitinisd b. th n". ind%ndnt co!ntr., C."on asit thn as# ar". a 'i""ion %o%", on snth o& th %o%!"ation o& th co!ntr. atthat ti', r 'ad 3non%o%"#

> .ars "atr, th indi*no!s $a'i" %o%!"ation in th orth and -ast, ho ha bnin th co!ntr. &or tho!sands o& .ars, ar bin* 'ad 3non%o%",

6ross !ndrr%ortin*

> htt%;::hr#or*#n%:abo!t!s: htt%s;::#co"o'bot"*ra%h#co':ind#%h%:r.90'in!tsao'anisra%dinsri"an+ara%andothrcri'sa*ainsto'nonthincrasahrc:




ith ""doc!'ntd !ndrr%ortin* bca!s o& sha' or &ar (s b"o), thact!a" n!'br o& %o%" s!bctd to ra% and s!a" io"nc in th $a'i" aras, is'!ch hi*hr# Sra" icti's (and itnsss) ar !ni""in* to disc!ss ra% or s!a"io"nc hn as+d abo!t ths iss!s b!t ar i""in* to disc!ss othr &or's o&'istrat'nt or !s tr's othr than 3ra%# Sra" icti's o& ra% sn b. ' saidthat th. had bn /stroke"’ or /hugge"’ b. ''brs o& th Ar'd Forcs# hn /said, Iyou mean you 'ere rape"! , th. a*rd# $h R%ort o& th Scrtar.6nra"s Pan" o& -%rts on Acco!ntabi"it. in Sri Lan+a (I? -%rt Pan"J)

statd;

“Rape an" se7ual &iolence against $amil 'omen "uring the final stages of the arme"conflict an"# in the aftermath# are greatly un"er8reporte". ultural sensiti&ities an"associate" stigma often pre&ente" &ictims from reporting such crimes# e&en to theirrelati&es9!

ith th c"!sion o& ind%ndnt h!'an ri*hts or*anisations s!ch as A/, HR and

/C6 &ro' th $a'i" aras, th act n!'br o& ra% icti's is not +non# Fro' thin&or'ation aai"ab", a"" that can b said is that it is r. hi*h < and risin*#

For a'%", th 7!dicia" Mdica" =&&icr in 7a&&na (in th $a'i" orth) r%ortd thatthr had bn > cass o& ra% and sr io"nc a*ainst o'n and *ir"chi"drn ho had %rsntd to his hos%ita" in Fbr!ar. and March a"on in 2012,co'%ard to a tota" o& 102 incidnts in 2010, and 12 in 201110# 7a&&na is &&cti". aPo"ic Stat r!n b. th Sri Lan+a (Sinha"s) Ar'd Forcs, and $a'i" th!*s hos"adr is in Prsidnt Raa%a+sas Cabint#

/n 2011, Women’s %ction 1et'ork (A) in a S!b'ission to th ? Co''ission onth Stat!s o& o'n11, statd that co''!nit.basd or*aniations had rcid

n!'ro!s r%orts o& *ndr basd io"nc in Sri Lan+a#

$h rason &or th sca"atin* %rob"'

$h incrasd (Sinha"s) 'i"itarisation o& th orth and -ast is on o& th 'osti'%ortant &actors (i& not the 'ost i'%ortant &actor) &or th "ar* n!'br o&doc!'ntd instancs o& ra% and s!a" io"nc !n"ashd on th "oca" ($a'i")%o%!"ation# $h coro""ar. is that !n"ss:!nti" th Ar'd Forcs ar r'od &ro' th$a'i" aras, th 3%id'ic o& ra% i"" contin!#

A bad sit!ation is 'ad ors b. th Sri Lan+an *orn'nts %o"ic. o& %rotctin*cri'ina"s and a""oin* "oca" %o"iticians and othrs ho s!%%ort th r*i' in %or,

to carr. o!t s!ch cri's ith i'%!nit.# /t ino"s %o%" &ro' th r. to% to thbotto' o& th *orn'nts hirarch. and th 'i"itar.:%o"ic#

$o co'%o!nd th %rob"', th cri'ina" !stic s.st' in th co!ntr. has co""a%sd#$hr ar srio!s concrns abo!t th ind%ndnc o& th !diciar. and thad5!ac. o& othr chc+s on -c!ti and Mi"itar.:Po"ic %or# $h insti*ati&!nction o& th %o"ic has no bn irt!a"". s!s%ndd and this acts in &ao!r o& thcri'ina"s# $h rs%onsibi"it. &or th co""a%s o& th %o"icin* s.st' "is &ir'". ith th*orn'nt, %artic!"ar". ith th %ro'!"*ation o& th 1th A'nd'nt to th

htt%;::#!n#or*:s:dh:in&oc!s:SriKLan+a:P=-KR%ortKF!""#%d& 9

-%rt Pan" R%ort (abo) sction 12 %a* 4410 I %larming rise of se7ual abuse in affna!. BBC 9 March 201211 htt%;::2#ohchr#or*:n*"ish:bodis:cda:cdas4#ht'

9






H r&rrd to a Co!rt cas b&or a Co"o'bo Ma*istrat hr a %o"itician aschar*d ith th ra% o& an !ndra* *ir"# $h cas as ithdran on th Attorn.6nra"s 3adic#

$his is s!ch a srio!s %rob"' that it 'rits &!rthr co''nt (s b"o)#

/& this is th sit!ation in th Sinha"s ara hr thr is sti"" a r'nant o& a "*a"s.st', on can i'a*in hat th sit!ation is in th $a'i" ara hich is !ndr th SriLan+an (Sinha"s) 'i"itar. < &&cti". 'i"itar. occ!%ation < hr th "*a" s.st'(and r. othr, &or that 'attr), is hat th 'i"itar. dcids# As / ha said, th SriLan+an 'i"itar. trats th $a'i" ara as 3con5!rd trritor., and th %o%" ($a'i"s)as th 3s%oi"s o& ar# $h Sri Lan+an Mi"itar. and Po"ic ar abo th "a#

$h s%in* %ors o& th Attorn. 6nra"

$h Attorn. 6nra" is th Sri Lan+an 6orn'nts chi& "*a" adisr# $hs%in* %ors o& th -c!ti Prsidnt ha bn adrs". co''ntd on b.

'an. obsrrs# o othr Prsidnt in th or"d has th %ors o& th Sri Lan+anPrsidnt# hat has sca%d s!ch scr!tin. ar th s%in* %ors o& th Attorn.6nra" (A6)#

$h Sri Lan+an A6 has r. id %ors or th insti*ation and %rosc!tion o&cri'ina" o&&ncs s!ch as ra% or n '!rdr# /nsti*ations carrid o!t b. %o"icand 'a*istrats ar s!bct to th A6s contro" and dirction# Si'i"ar"., dcisions toindict or not in cass o& srio!s o&&ncs, and th &ra'in* o& char*s and %rosc!tion"i &!"". ithin th A6s contro"#

$h A6 th!s ho"ds a cntra" %osition ithin th cri'ina" !stic s.st' and %"a.s acritica" ro"# $h &&cti rcis o& acco!ntabi"it. ithin th cri'ina" !stic s.st'

r5!irs th A6 to act &&cti". and ind%ndnt"., as "" as a "*a" &ra'or+that %r'its th A6 to %rocd# $h to cass citd b"o sho th d*r to hichth A6s ind%ndnc has bn co'%ro'isd and %o"iticisd#

$h ind%ndnc o& th A6s D%art'nt has bn a+ sinc th -c!tiPrsidntia" s.st' as stab"ishd b. Prsidnt 7#R 7a.aardn in 19# /t hasrcnt". bn &!rthr a+nd b. Prsidnt Mahinda Raa%a+sa "ctd ino'br 200# /t is a 'attr o& srio!s concrn hr th A6 ta+s on thabso"!t %or to insti*at, or not insti*at, ''brs o& th 6orn'nt, thirs!%%ortrs, or th 'i"itar., &or cri'ina" acts s!ch as ra% or '!rdr#

Fo""oin* th 2010 "ctions, a *att noti&ication sttin* o!t ach 'inistr.s

&!nctions and rs%onsibi"itis r'od both th A6s D%art'nt and th L*a"Dra&ts'ans D%art'nt, hos %ri'ar. tas+ is dra&tin* n "as, &ro' th Ministr.o& 7!stic hr th. sho!"d b# $hs d%art'nts no &a"" !ndr dirct%rsidntia" contro" b. irt! o& Artic" 44(2) o& th Constit!tion, and, / *athr, arn %h.sica"". "ocatd in th Prsidntia" Scrtariat

/nsti*ations and %rosc!tions in Sri Lan+a ha bn hi*h". s"cti and o&tnino"d ab!ss o& %or on th %art o& "a n&orc'nt, rathr than a &air and nhandd %!rs!it o& !stic# $h ?nitd ations H!'an Ri*hts Co''itt has *on so&ar as to ho"d that a dcision o& th A6 not to initiat cri'ina" %rocdin*s a*ainst%o"ic o&&icrs rs%onsib" &or dath in c!stod. as so arbitrar. as to a'o!nt to adnia" o& !stic#

11




/nsti*ations o& a""*ations a*ainst stat o&&icia"s ha o&tn ta+n traordinar.a'o!nts o& ti', i& th. ar co'%"td at a""# icti's 'a+in* s!ch a""*ations haro!tin". bn harassd b. "a n&orc'nt %rsonn" &o""oin* &i"in* o& a co'%"aint#?ns!r%risin*"., th. 'a+ no co'%"aints#

D"a.

As th rcnt". %!b"ishd ?S Stat D%art'nt 0S State ;epartment. ureau of;emocracy# Human Rights an" Labor: ountry Reports on Human Rights 4racticesfor +,<=. Sri Lanka <+ states >p 6=?:

“%n a&erage rape case took si7 to <+ years to be resol&e"!.

So, th icti' or co'%"ainant has to han* aro!nd &or a dcad to s !stic# $his isin stri+in* contrast to th 1 th Constit!tiona" A'nd'nt to *i Prsidnt Raa%a+san 'or %ors than th s%in* %ors h a"rad. has, hich as %assdthro!*h th Co!rts and Par"ia'nt in "ss than 2 ho!rs

$h "*a" s.st' on Sri Lan+a is in no h!rr. to addrss io"ations o& h!'an ri*hts,hor srio!s th. 'a. b# hr %o"iticians ar th c!"%rits, it 'i*ht nr baddrssd#

Brathta+in* h.%ocris.

Li+ so 'an. actions b. th 6oSL and its ario!s instit!tions in Sri Lan+a, thr isbrathta+in* h.%ocris.# $h B!ra! &or th Prntion o& Ab!s o& o'n andChi"drn (BPC), stab"ishd b. th Po"ic, cond!cts aarnss %ro*ra's in schoo"and at *rassroots "", nco!ra*in* o'n to &i" co'%"aints# /n March 2018, th6orn'nt r%ortd that trainin* in th %rntion and 'ana*'nt o& *ndr

basd io"nc as a"so %roidd b. th P!b"ic Ha"th Midis and Pri'ar. Ha"thCar or+rs 6ro!%s# Po"ic a"so contin!d to stab"ish o'ns b!ra!s in Po"icstations#

hat is not r%ortd is that o'n ho nt to th Po"ic stations to *t thncssar. in&or'ation or h"% r ra%d b. th %o"ic o&&icrs#

on o& ths 'as!rs ar intndd to addrss th %rob"' o& ra% or s!a"io"nc or thir cons5!ncs# $h. ar, "i+ so '!ch in Sri Lan+a, 'r 3indodrssin*, or ho%s (b. so' 6=s) that ha not or+d#

S!a" harass'nt is a cri'ina" o&&nc carr.in* a 'ai'!' sntnc o& &i .ars

in %rison# $hos ho +no th ra"it. o& th sit!ation on th *ro!nd in Sri Lan+aac+no"d* that s!a" io"nc is ids%rad# As ith do'stic io"nc,disc!ssion o& th %rob"' is not co''on# /& this tr' in %rison is i'%"'ntd in SriLan+a, th ai"s i"" b &!"" and or&"oin* ith %r%trators o& ra% and s!a"o&&ncs# $h %ossibi"it. o& ai" is not ta+n srio!s"., s%cia"". b. th Ar'd Forcs,Po"ic or th Raa%a+sa hnch'n and s!%%ortrs# /t si'%". dos not ha%%n#

Rass!rin*"., i& th. do co''it ra% or an. srio!s io"ation o& h!'an ri*hts, th Attorn. 6nra"s d%art'nt is "i+". to co' to thir rsc! as has a"rad. bnstatd# So, a"" is "", hatr th cri' < b it ra%, s!a" '!ti"ation, '!rdr oran. othr cri'# /t is ho .o! +no that 'attrs, not hat .o! do#

12 htt%;::#stat#*o::dr":r"s:hrr%t:h!'anri*htsr%ort:ind#ht'.arN2018Od"idN220404ra%%r

12

http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=220404#wrapper





$hat is th 3;emocratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka !ndr its a"'ost R*a" Had,Prsidnt Mahinda Raa%a+sa, his brothrs and n!'ro!s r"atis, ho haabso"!t %or to do hatr th. ant to ho' r th. ant ith noacco!ntabi"it.# $o 5!stion th' is trason, and da"t ith as s!ch# $o 5!stion hatis *oin* on is, b. d&inition, to s!%%ort th $a'i" $i*rs, hthr th. ist or not# /&th. do not ist, th. i"" ha to b rincarnatd b. th Sri Lan+an r*i' ho3nds th'# $o ha n'is, ra" or i'a*inar., is an ssntia" 3r5!ir'nt &or a$ota"itarian r*i' or a dictatorshi%# /& th. ar not thr, th. ha to b cratd#

$hs ar not o%inions to b dbatd b!t &acts to b &acd and addrssd# $oaddrss ths %rob"'s is a"'ost i'%ossib" ith a t.rannica" r*i' ith abso"!t%or r!nnin* th co!ntr. and co'%"t contro" o& th 'dia, th Ar'd Forcsr!nnin* riot, hoo"i*ans and th!*s ho ar %art o& *ornanc, a "*a" s.st' inchaos, and co!ntris s!ch as China that i"" s!%%ort th Sri Lan+an r*i' <&inancia"". and intrnationa"". (s%cia"". in th ?), &or thir on *o%o"itica" andcono'ic *ains# $o addrss th %rob"' o& ra% a"on, or an. o& th othr 'aorh!'an ri*hts io"ations, is i'%ossib"# $hr is a '!ch 'or that has to b don#

$hat said, th i''diat ad'ission o& A/, HR and /C6 i"" 'a+ a di&&rnc#

Ra% and s!a" io"nc < WHERE

Ra% and s!a" io"nc ha occ!rrd, and contin!s to occ!r in sra" %"acs <'ain". in th $a'i" orth and -ast#

1# /n th "ar* n!'br o& Sri Lan+an Ar'. and a. ca'%s that ha o%nd a""or th orth and -ast

2# /n Po"ic stations8# /n ca'%s &or /ntrna"".dis%"acd %rsons (/DP) < thr ar sti"" s!ch ca'%s

hatr th dnia"s o& th 6oSL4# /n intrro*ation cntrs < th. too ar sti"" thr# /n 6orn'nt Hos%ita"s * th @i"inochchi hos%ita"># /n th ho's o& $a'i" %o%" in th orth and -ast s%cia"". hr thr

ar no 'a"s# /n th co''!nit. at "ar* in th orth and -ast

$hr dos not s' to b an. ara in th $a'i" orth and -ast hr $a'i" o'nand *ir"s (and n 'n) ar sa& &ro' bin* ra%d or &ro' s!&&rin* s!a" io"nc#/& th 6oSL dnis this, can A'nst. /ntrnationa" and H!'an Ri*hts atch chc+this o!t

$h "ar* n!'br o& cass o& ra% o& $a'i" o'n and *ir"s in th /DP ca'%s hasbn "" doc!'ntd in th ? -%rt Pan" R%ort, th HR R%ort /We 'ill

teach you a lesson’ and th /C-P r%ort, a'on* othrs#

18




$h Mani+ Far' and othr /DP sits r c"osd ca'%s, *!ardd b. th 'i"itar. ands!rro!ndd b. barbdir# At th nd o& th ar'd con&"ict, so' 80,000 $a'i"and M!s"i' %o%" r dtaind in ths ca'%s b. th 6oSL, and not a""od to"a# $hr r sr rstrictions %rntin* intrnationa" or*anisations &ro'ntrin* ths ca'%s or s%a+in* ith th /DPs in %riat#

Eo!n* $a'i" &'a"s r ta+n to iso"atd aras in ths ca'%s 3&or insti*ationor 35!stionin*# $h. r *nra"". ta+n in at ni*ht and rt!rnd in th 'ornin*#$hr is orh"'in* idnc that th. r r%atd". ra%d or s!a"".assa!"td < !s!a"". b. th Ar'd Forcs ho ran th ca'%s# hat ha%%nd in ths ca'%s has bn dtai"d in th R%orts / ha r&rrd tob!t th. on". doc!'nt a tin. &raction o& hat has bn don and hat contin!s tob don# $hr is a "ot 'or that has not bn r%ortd bca!s o& th r"!ctanc o&th icti's to s%a+ o!t bca!s o& sha' or &ar# / ha !st hard &ro' a SriLan+an ho has isitd th orth and -ast that thr ar 'an. %o%" ho ar%r%ard to tsti&. as to hat has ha%%nd (and is ti"" occ!rrin*) b!t no on ho'

th. can tr!st# $his is h. it is 'andator. &or A/ and HR to o%n a 3r%ortin* cntrin th ara#

/ntrro*ation

$hr is *ood idnc that ra% has ta+n %"ac, and sti"" ta+s %"ac, d!rin*3intrro*ations# $h ? -%rt Pan" rco*nisd that a d"ibrat "ac+ o&trans%arnc. b. th Sri Lan+an 6orn'nt had rs!"td in thr bin* r. "itt"in&or'ation on conditions at ario!s %"acs s%cia"". th s%arat 3s!rrnd sitso& &or'r ''brs o& th Libration $i*rs o& $a'i" -"a' (L$$-); $h ? -%rtPan" statd that ths circ!'stancs;

3allege" L$$( ca"re highly &ulnerable to &iolations such as rape 5 'hich coul" becommitte" 'ith impunity.’ <=

@i"inochchi Hos%ita" $h nts that ha occ!rrd in th @i"inochchi Hos%ita" ar %artic!"ar". a"ar'in*#So' 0 *ir"s r +%t in th doctors 5!artrs b. da., and b. ni*ht, r ta+n toa "ar*r b!i"din* !sd as a *!st ho!s &or Sri Lan+an Ar'. =&&icrs# $h *ro!nd&"oor as th =&&icrs 'ss ha""# $h *ir"s r ta+n !%stairs and s!a"". ab!sd#

$hr is no %oint in '. r%atin* hat has a"rad. bn %!b"ishd in intrnationa"r%orts c%t to sa. that hat as co''ittd r ar cri's and cri's a*ainst

h!'anit. that d'and insti*ation and %rosc!tion, in an /ntrnationa" Co!rt# Ra% and s!a" io"nc < BY WHOM

$hs cri'ina" acts r co''ittd (and contin! to b co''ittd) b. a ran* o&%o%" 'ain". &ro' th Sri Lan+an Ar'., a., Po"ic, and othrs ho or+ ithth'# $h. inc"!d thos ho or+ in th Po"ic, $rroris' /nsti*ation D%art'nt($/D), Cri'ina" /nsti*ation D%art'nt (C/D), th Co"o'bo Cri' Diision (CCD),th ationa" /nt""i*nc B!ra!(/B) and th Sri Lan+an /nt""i*nc Sric (S/S)#$h &o!rth &"oor o& th $/D in Co"o'bo has bn dscribd as /the torture facility inolombo run by the $I;!.

18 ? Scrtar.6nra"s R%ort %ara 1>

14




=n o& th dds rcordd b. ' “Sri Lanka@ Genoci"e# rimes against Humanity#)iolation of International La'!# shos th notorio!s Po"ic C/D I4th F"oorJ andidnc o& hat nt on (and sti"" *os on) thr#

$hos ho *o to Sri Lan+a, s%cia"". %o"iticians, sho!"d isit th C/D I4 th F"oorJ inCo"o'bo# $h. i"" a"'ost crtain". b to"d that it is not a to!rist attraction or that it istoo dan*ro!s bca!s Ithr ar trrorists thrJ# $hr 'ost crtain". ar trrorists 6orn'nt trrorists ho in&"ict trror in a"" ho ar bro!*ht thr#

/n addition, thr is idnc o& ra% o& $a'i" o'n and *ir"s b. $a'i" %ara'i"itar.*ro!%s hos "adrs ar in Prsidnt Raa%a+sas Cabint (s b"o), and b.Sinha"s or+rs in th $a'i" aras ho s' to no. %rotction &ro' th(Sinha"s) Mi"itar. and Po"ic#

/ ha dscribd (s b"o) icti's sn b. ' hr so' o& th ra%ists ro&&icrs in th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs# $h /C-P r%ort a"so has &irsthand itnssacco!nts &ro' to .o!n* $a'i" o'n ho r r%atd". ra%d and s!bctd to

s!a" io"nc b. th C/D# =n dscribd so' o&&icrs in 'i"itar. !ni&or' arin**o"d insi*nia or bad*s, indicatin* that th. r o& hi*hr ran+#

/t is i'%ossib" to b"i that this as not +non to thos at th to% < inc"!din*''brs o& th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt# $h c"ai' b. th 6oSL that a"" this asdon b. 3ro*! "'nts in th Ar'd Forcs is arrant nonsns#

/'%!nit.

A"tho!*h ra% and s!a" io"nc r id". +non and tnsi". r%ortd,thr is "itt" idnc that an. st%s ha bn ta+n to sto% this or %rosc!t thosrs%onsib"# $hr is no idnc that it i"" ha%%n in th &!t!r# /t is 'andator. that

th ncssar. action b ta+n intrnationa""., hthr th 6oSL a""os this or not#Both ra% and s!a" io"nc co''ittd in th sttin* o& a 3ar ar ar cri's andcri's a*ainst h!'anit.# As s!ch, th /ntrnationa" co''!nit. has a d!t. to act#

Dstr!ction o& idnc

$hr is no itnss tsti'on. that th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs ar dstro.in*&ornsic idnc# H!'an r'ains &ro' 'ass b!ria" sits in th &or'r con&"ict onar bin* h!'d and cort". dstro.d# $his hi*h"i*hts th !r*nt nd &or anintrnationa"".'andatd insti*ation and th i''diat ad'ission o& intrnationa"".crdib" h!'an ri*hts *ro!%s s!ch as A/, HR and /C6 into th ara# $his is !r*ntand i'%rati#

Co""ction and doc!'ntation o& idnc

/ncrasin*"., o'n and 'n, s%cia"". thos ho ha "&t th co!ntr. (r&!*sand as."!' s+rs) ar i""in* to co' &orard and s%a+ o& thir %rinc o&s!a" io"nc# /t is cr!cia" that this (no) radi". aai"ab" idnc o& cri'ina" actsb %ro%r". co""ctd and doc!'ntd sinc it i"" b i'%ortant &or intrnationa" "*a"action i&:hn it is ta+n to char* thos rs%onsib"# $his action i"" b da"t ith"atr#

Crib0 r+.r"' .n Ra+

a) International Reports on Rape

1




$hr ha bn &i i'%ortant rcnt R%orts on Ra% in Sri Lan+a# (1) /ntrnationa" Crisis 6ro!% (/C6) “Sri Lanka: Women’s Insecurity in the 1orth an"(ast! <A# Asia R%ort o 21 (20 Dc'br 2011)# A s!''ar. o& th i'%ortant3Rco''ndations in this R%ort ar in A%%ndi 1#

(2) H!'an Ri*hts atch (HR) R%ort IWe 'ill teach you a lesson! Se7ual)iolence against $amils by Sri Lankan Security 2orces! <- . (Fbr!ar. 2>, 2018)# $hisis a 'aor %!b"ication# $h A%%ndi in this R%ort *is dtai"s o& tort!r and ra%hich '!st b rad in dtai" sinc so' o& th &acts ar "*a"". i'%ortant# /t is th'ost car&!"". doc!'ntd r%ort o& ra% and tort!r in Sri Lan+a r %!b"ishd# As!''ar. o& th 3Rco''ndations is in A%%ndi 2#

(8) “Wiki leaks! hich has dtai"d acco!nts o& ra% snt b. th ?S A'bassador inSri Lan+a to th ?SA#

(4) Minorit. Ri*hts 6ro!% (MR6) /ntrnationa"# $his is th "adin* intrnationa"

h!'an ri*hts or*anisation to sc!r th ri*hts o& thnic, r"i*io!s and "in*!istic'inoritis and indi*no!s %o%"s# /t has 'or than 10 %artnrs in or 0co!ntris# $h 1> =ctobr 2018 r%ort is on th $a'i" aras o& Sri Lan+a;

“Li&ing 'ith Insecurity: Barginalisation an" se7ual &iolence in north an" east SriLanka! 1>#

() H!'an Ri*hts atch or"d R%ort 20141

$his has !st bn %!b"ishd# $hr is srio!s concrn %rssd on s!a" io"ncin Sri Lan+a and th ino"'nt o& th Ar'd Forcs# Short tracts &ro' this 'ostrcnt intrnationa" %!b"ication i"" b 5!otd "atr#

b) International human rights and legal Reports

$hr ha a"so bn si othr i'%ortant intrnationa" %!b"ications;

(1) ? Scrtar. 6nra"s -%rt Pan" R%ort Report of the Secretary8General’s4anel of (7perts on %ccountability in Sri Lanka >“01 (7pert 4anel!?1 $his is a'assi 19>%a* R%ort b. thr intrnationa" "*a" %rts19 a%%ointd b. th ?Scrtar. 6nra" Ban +iMoon, in 7!n 2010# $h. s!b'ittd th R%ort on 81March 2011# H sho!"d ha handd it to th ?nitd ations i''diat".# H hasdon nothin* to dat (March 2018)#

(2) A'nst. /ntrnationa" S!b'ission to th ? ?nirsa" Priodic Ri (=cto2012);

14 htt%;::#crisis*ro!%#or*:n:r*ions:asia:so!thasia:sri"an+a:21sri"an+ao'nsinsc!rit.inthnorthandast#as%1 htt%;::#hr#or*:r%orts:2018:02:2>:i""tach.o!"sson01>htt%;::#*oo*"#co'#a!:!r"saNtOrctNO5NOsrcNsOso!rcNbOcdN2OdN0CDMGFABO!r"Nhtt%8A2F2F#'inorit.ri*hts#or*2Fdon"oad#%h%8Fid8D129>OiNA2?ra=@&iAaKoHGCAO!s*NAFGCH>"*0L+n8QrE*1&1.ABSonOsi*2NFb&r4-7s-+MhdB4t49AOb'Nb#14>9,d#d6/ 1

htt%;::#hr#or*:or"dr%ort:2014:co!ntr.cha%trs:sri"an+a%a*N11 htt%;::#!n#or*:s:dh:in&oc!s:SriKLan+a:P=-KR%ortKF!""#%d& 19 Mar!r+i Dar!s'an < (/ndonsia) <Chair, Stn Ratnr (?SA), Eas'in Soo+a (So!th A&rica)

1>




/Sri Lanka. Reconciliation at a crossroa"s: ontinuing impunity# arbitrary "etention#torture an" enforce" "isappearances’ +, C

(8) Asian H!'an Ri*hts Co''itt (AHRC);

/$he State of Human Rights in Sri Lanka in +,<< Sri Lanka: International HumanRights %gencies faile" to notice the ollapse of Sri Lanka’s 4ublic Institutions ofustice’ +<. /t is an i'%rssi 99%a* %!b"ication#

(4) /ntrnationa" Co''ission o& 7!rists

I %uthority 'ithout accountability. $he risis of impunity in Sri Lanka! ++ o'br2012# $his is a 'aor 1>0 %a* r%ort on th dri&t to a!thoritarianis' in Sri Lan+a#

() P!b"ic /ntrst Adocac. Cntr (P/AC) < /ntrnationa" Cri's -idnc Proct(/C-P)28

P/AC is an ind%ndnt non%ro&it La and Po"ic. or*anisation basd in S.dn., A!stra"ia# /t is &!ndd b. th So!th a"s P!b"ic P!r%os F!nd andCo''ona"th:Stat Co''!nit. L*a" Srics#

P/ACs I/ntrnationa" Cri's -idnc ProctJ (/C-P) has !st %!b"ishd a 'aor28B%a* R%ort (> Fbr!ar. 2014) < ISri Lan+a; “Islan" of ImpunityDIn&estigation into international crimes in (Sri Lan+a)J# /t is on o& th 'ostda'nin* indict'nts o& hat has *on on, and is sti"" *oin* on, in Sri Lan+a#

/t has an tnsi "*a" ana".sis ith 'or than 2,000 r&rncs# /t cors thast arra. o& h!'an ri*hts io"ations, and tnds crtain instancs, s!ch as th'!rdr o& th L$$- "adrs ho had s!rrndrd, *oin* into &ar *ratr dtai"

than th R%ort o& th ? Scrtar. 6nra"#

$h R%ort i"" a"'ost crtain". b s!b'ittd to th nt ? H!'an Ri*htsCo!nci" 'tin* in 6na (March 2014), hr th h!'an ri*hts sit!ation in SriLan+a i"" b ta+n !%#

c) Reports from Sri Lanka

$hr ar to %!b"ications:s!b'issions &ro' ithin Sri Lan+a;

(1) /Situation Report. 1orth an" (ast’ +A b. th M'brs o& Par"ia'nt ho r%rsntth %o%" in th ara th $a'i" ationa" A""ianc ($A), tab"d in th Sri Lan+an

%ar"ia'nt on 21 =ctobr 2011# /t is a co'%rhnsi r%ort o& th *ro!nd ra"itis#

(2) /Submission to the /Lessons Learnt an" Reconciliation ommission’ >LLR? b.th Most R Dr Ra.a%%! 7os%h, Ro'an Catho"ic Bisho% o& Mannar in th $a'i"orth st# M. boo+"t on Bisho% 7os%h sts o!t so' o& hat h %rsntd2#

20 htt%;::r"i&b#int:sits:r"i&b#int:&i"s:rso!rcs:asa8002012n#%d& 21 htt%;::r"i&b#int:sits:r"i&b#int:&i"s:rso!rcs:F!""20R%ortK408#%d& 22 htt%;::#r&or"d#or*:%d&id:0a8>b2#%d& 28 /ntrnationa" Cri's -idnc Proct (/C-P) IIslan" of ImpunityD /nsti*ation into /ntrnationa"Cri's in (Sri Lan+a). > 7!n 2014, %ara 1#84 % 11htt%s;::#co"o'bot"*ra%h#co':%contnt:!%"oads:2014:02:hr#%d&

24 htt%;::dbs.ara#co':dbs:archis:292 htt%s;::#co"o'bot"*ra%h#co':ind#%h%:h.bisho%os%handhisro'ancatho"icc"r*.habntar*td:

1

https://www.colombotelegraph.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/here.pdf





d) Other important documents

(1) International riminal ourt E (lements of rime+6

$his is a r. i'%ortant %!b"ication b. th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" Co!rt (/CC) that stso!t hat i"" b !d*d as an /ntrnationa" cri'ina" act b. th /CC# /t is i'%ortant inthat '!ch o& hat has bn don in Sri Lan+a d!rin* and a&tr th ar'd con&"ict arintrnationa" cri's hich can b ta+n !% in th /CC and thos ho ar rs%onsib"char*d#

(2) 0S State ;epartment. ureau of ;emocracy# Human Rights an" Labor: ountry Reports on Human Rights 4ractices for +,<=. Sri Lanka +F

$his is a dtai"d and acc!rat R%ort on H!'an Ri*hts that has !st bn r"asd(Fbr!ar. 2014)# A"" ths ann!a" ?S Stat D%art'nt Co!ntr. R%orts ar ""orth radin*# $h on &or 2018 is no c%tion#

Ra+ an S#%a0 &i.0n$ Ra+

Ra% is d&ind in th Ro' Stat!t o& th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" Co!rt (/CC)2;

“Rape is a form of se7ual &iolence "uring 'hich the bo"y of a person is in&a"e"#resulting in penetration# ho'e&er slight# of any part of the bo"y of the &ictim# 'ith ase7ual organ# or of the anal or genital opening of the &ictim 'ith any ob3ect or other part of the bo"y!.

Lt ' t!rn to th 5!stion o& corcion, consnt and rsistanc o& th icti'# $h

3standard i is that;

“the in&asion 'as committe" by force# or threat of force or coercion such as thatcause" by fear of &iolence# "uress# "etention# psychological oppression or abuseof po'er# against such person or another person# or by taking a"&antage of acoerci&e en&ironment# or the in&asion 'as committe" against a person incapableof gi&ing genuine consent!.

$his "*a" d&inition o& Ra% has o"d or ti'# hi" th ar". !ris%r!dnc&oc!sd on corcion or &orc or thrat o& &orc, in th cas o& unarac +9 an"others# th $ria" Cha'br conc"!dd that in ra% it;

Iun"erstan"s that the actus reus of the crime of rape in international la' isconstitute" by: the se7ual penetration# ho'e&er slight: >a? of the &agina or anus ofthe &ictim by the penis of the perpetrator or any other ob3ect use" by the

perpetrator@ or >b? of the mouth of the &ictim by the penis of the perpetrator@'here such se7ual penetration occurs 'ithout the consent of the &ictim.

2> htt%;::#r&or"d#or*:docid:4&&ddd2#ht'"2 htt%;::#stat#*o::dr":r"s:hrr%t:h!'anri*htsr%ort:ind#ht'.arN2018Od"idN220404ra%%r 2 Official Records of the Review Conference of the Rome Statute of the InternationalCriminal Court, Kampala,May 31-une 11 !"1"# International Criminal Court, $%lements ofCrime,& ICC-'I(S-)%*-"3-""!+11%n, !"11,http.++www/icc-cpi/int+0R+rdonlyres+332!3(-44(-5"%C-4(67-58792(%63(8+"+%lementsOfCrimes%n/pdf

29 4rosecutor & unarac (/ntrnationa" Cri'ina" $rib!na" &or th For'r E!*os"aia, $ria" Cha'br, Cas o /C$E9>28$, 22 Fbr!ar. 2001)#

1






Con&ir'in* this a%%roach, th A%%a"s Cha'br rco*nisd that &orc, or ththrat o& &orc, %roids c"ar idnc o& nonconsnt in ra%# $h!s th r is n or 5 !ir ' n t o & r s ist an c o n t h %a r t o & th icti'# Moror, 'ost cass o& ra%as a ar cri' or a cri' a*ainst h!'anit. ar co''ittd in corcicirc!'stancs hr *n!in consnt is not %ossib"#

S#%a0 &i.0n$2 N. +)y'i$a0 $.n"a$" n$''ary

Broadr than ra%, an. &or' o& s!a" io"nc is %rohibitd !ndr both c!sto'ar./ntrnationa" H!'anitarian La and Co''on Artic" 8 o& th 6na Conntions#/ntrnationa" h!'an ri*hts "a %rohibits s!a" io"nc 'ain". thro!*h th%rohibition o& tort!r and cr!", inh!'an or d*radin* trat'nt or %!nish'nt#

Accordin* to th /ntrA'rican Co!rt o& H!'an Ri*hts, s!a" io"nc consists o&actions o& a s!a" nat!r co''ittd ith a %rson itho!t thir consnt, hichbsids inc"!din* th %h.sica" inasion o& th h!'an bod., 'a. inc"!d acts that do

not i'%". %ntration or n an. %h.sica" contact hatsor#

-a'%"s o& s!a" io"nc inc"!d &orcd n!dit. or ir*init. tsts#

$h ? S%cia" Ra%%ort!r on s.st'atic ra%, s!a" s"ar., and s"ar."i+%ractics in ar'd con&"ict charactrisd s!a" io"nc as nco'%assin* /any&iolence# physical or psychological# carrie" out throughout se7ual means or bytargeting se7uality’ and inc"!ds sit!ations hr on %rson is &orcd to %r&or's!a" acts or har' anothr %rson in a s!a" 'annr#

A"" o& ths (and 'or) ha bn don b. th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs, th Po"icand othrs or+in* ith th' or +non to th'# $his has bn ""doc!'ntd in

sra" intrnationa" r%orts, s%cia"". b. HR#

Acts o& s!a" io"nc 'a. constit!t ar cri's or cri's a*ainst h!'anit.#S!a" io"nc as s!ch as not inc"!dd in th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" $rib!na" &orth &or'r E!*os"aia (/C$E) and th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" $rib!na" &or Randa(/C$R) Stat!ts# onth"ss, both trib!na"s con&ir'd in thir cas "a that s!a"io"nc can constit!t a cri' a*ainst h!'anit., and th ar cri' o& io"ations o&Co''on Artic" 8 %rohibitions o& 3o!tra*s !%on %rsona" di*nit. and 3cr!"trat'nt#

Corin* a broad ran* o& *ndrbasd o&&ncs s!ch as ra%, s!a" s"ar.,'o"station, s!a" '!ti"ation, &orcd 'arria*, &orcd abortion, n&orcd

%rostit!tion, &orcd %r*nanc. and n&orcd stri"isation, s!a" io"nc as d&indas an. act o& a s!a" nat!r that is co''ittd on a %rson !ndr circ!'stancs thatar corci# Moror, s!a" io"nc can cor cond!ct that dos not ino"%h.sica" cond!ct, s!ch as &orcd n!dit. in %!b"ic# $h /CC Stat!t %"icit". inc"!dds!a" io"nc as both a cri' a*ainst h!'anit., and a ar cri'#

/n cass o& s!a" io"nc, th /CC sha"" b *!idd b. and, hr a%%ro%riat, a%%".th &o""oin* %rinci%"s;

(a) Consnt cannot b in&rrd b. rason o& an. ords or cond!ct o& a icti' hr&orc, thrat o& &orc, corcion or ta+in* adanta* o& a corci niron'nt!ndr'ind th icti's abi"it. to *i o"!ntar. and *n!in consnt

19




(b) Consnt cannot b in&rrd b. rason o& an. ords or cond!ct o& a icti' hrth icti' is inca%ab" o& *iin* *n!in consnt

(c) Consnt cannot b in&rrd b. rason o& th si"nc o&, or "ac+ o& rsistanc b., aicti' to th a""*d s!a" io"nc

(d) Crdibi"it., charactr or %rdis%osition to s!a" aai"abi"it. o& a icti' or itnsscannot b in&rrd b. rason o& th s!a" nat!r o& th %rior or s!bs5!nt cond!cto& a icti' or itnss#

A"tho!*h Co''on Artic" 8 o& th 6na Conntions dos not %"icit". 'ntions!a" io"nc, it %rohibits 3io"nc to "i& and %rson, inc"!din* 3cr!" trat'ntand tort!r, and 3o!tra*s !%on %rsona" di*nit., in %artic!"ar h!'i"iatin* andd*radin* trat'nt# $h "attr %rssion inc"!ds an. &or' o& s!a" io"nc# /n th S%cia" Ra%%ort!rs Fina" R%ort on S.st'atic Ra%, S!a" S"ar. andS"ar.Li+ Practics d!rin* Ar'd Con&"ict80, s!a" io"nc inc"!dd s!ch acts as

&orcin* a %rson to stri% na+d in %!b"ic, '!ti"atin* a %rsons *nita"s, or s"icin* o&& ao'ans brasts# Artic" 8 %rohibitions o& 3o!tra*s !%on %rsona" di*nit. and 3cr!" trat'nt corsa ran* o& *ndrbasd o&&ncs s!ch as ra%, s!a" s"ar., 'o"station, s!a"'!ti"ation, &orcd 'arria*, &orcd abortion, n&orcd %rostit!tion, &orcd %r*nanc.and n&orcd stri"isation#

S!a" io"nc as d&ind as an. act o& a s!a" nat!r that is co''ittd on a%rson !ndr circ!'stancs that ar corci# Moror, s!a" io"nc can corcond!ct that dos not ino" %h.sica" cond!ct, s!ch as &orcd n!dit. in %!b"ic# $h/CC Stat!t %"icit". inc"!dd s!a" io"nc as both a cri' a*ainst h!'anit., and

a ar cri'#

$h /CC -"'nts o& Cri's d&in 3s!a" io"nc as hr a %r%tratorco''ittd an act o& a s!a" nat!r a*ainst on or 'or %rsons or ca!sd s!ch%rson or %rsons to n*a* in an act o& a s!a" nat!r b. &orc, or b. thrat o&&orc or corcion, s!ch as that ca!sd b. &ar o& io"nc, d!rss, dtntion,%s.cho"o*ica" o%%rssion or ab!s o& %or, a*ainst s!ch %rson or %rsons oranothr %rson, or b. ta+in* adanta* o& a corci niron'nt or s!ch %rsonsor %rsons inca%acit. to *i *n!in consnt#

For s!a" io"nc to a'o!nt to a cri' a*ainst h!'anit. or a ar cri', thcond!ct '!st b o& co'%arab" *rait. to othr o&&ncs# $his it 'ost crtain". is in

Sri Lan+a#

S#%a0 (%"i0a"i.n

$h /C-P R%ort has this to sa.;

11#84 % local employee of an international agency i"entifie" the mortuary at aGo&ernment Hospital as the hol"ing place of large numbers of bo"ies of "ecease"an" mutilate" $amil 'omen in 2ebruary an" Barch +,,9. He obser&e" at least +,,bo"ies# of mainly $amil 'omen an" young girls# on three or four occasions 'hen he&isite" the facility "uring this perio". He reporte" that many of the bo"ies of the'omen 'ere nake" an" bore physical e&i"ence of rape an" se7ual mutilation# 'ith

80 ? Doc# -:C#4:S!b#2:199:18, 22 7!n 199#

20




knife 'oun"s in the nature of long slashes# bite marks or "eep scratches on thebreasts# an" &aginal mutilation by kni&es# bottles an" sticks. $he bo"ies also typicallybore signs of gunshot 'oun"s to the forehea"# 'hich appeare" to ha&e been inflicte"at close range "ue to the lack of peripheral "amage!. As th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" Co!rt has statd in (lements of rimes of the RomeStatute!# ths ar intrnationa" cri's hich i"" b actd on b. th /CC# /t is'andator. that action b instit!td in th /CC &or th ncssar. "*a" action#

Ca'' r+.r" ". (

As a doctor o& 'dicin in A!stra"ia, thr ha bn sra" Sri Lan+an as."!'s+rs r&rrd to ' ho ar in nd o& 'dica" attntion# So' o& th' ar in A!stra"ian dtntion cntrs, othrs in co''!nit. dtntion#

$hos in dtntion cntrs cannot b accssd dirct". bca!s o& th c"osddoors%o"ic. o& th Britishbasd 3sc!rit. &ir', Serco# hich r!ns A!stra"ias dtntion

cntrs# Serco has a hi*h". 5!stionab" r%!tation, not on". in A!stra"ia b!t n inBritain81# $h %rsti*io!s /Sy"ney Borning Heral"! ns%a%r ran a rcnt artic"“What is Serco hi"ingD! =+ $h. ar crtain". hidin* a "ot# Serco i"" not a""o o!tsid'dica" accss to dtains, hor '!ch th. ar in nd o& 'dica" h"%#

/ as ab" to accss so' o& th dtains b. *ttin* th' (Hind!s) to c"ai' thatth. r Christians and antd to attnd Ch!rch# $h. ca' ith to Serco*!ards ho sat in th car# / arrid at th ch!rch, atchd c"os". b. th *!ards#hn th sric as or / too+ th dtains to th str. and too+ thir histor.#

$h., and othrs ho' / sa on ario!s othr occasions, had a"" bn ra%d# /naddition to hain* srio!s %h.sica" in!ris, 'ost r srio!s". d%rssd and hat

so' o& th' antd as h"% 3to nd it a""# $h. said that i& th. r snt bac+ toSri Lan+a, th. o!"d b tort!rd or +i""d# So th. 'i*ht as "" nd it hr#

Most R Dr Ra.a%%! 7os%h, Bisho% o& Mannar, has snt a circ!"ar "ttr as+in* !sto !r* th A!stra"ian *orn'nt not to snd as."!' s+rs bac+ to Sri Lan+asinc a"" o& thos ho had arrid in his %arish had bn arrstd, tort!rd, +i""d orhad 3disa%%ard#

/ sa so' o& th as."!' s+rs (thos in co''!nit. dtntion) in '. o&&ic# $h.r &ri*htnd, r. &ri*htnd, s%cia"". hn th. or+d o!t that / as aSinha"s (sinc / ndd an intr%rtr)#

hat / hard &ro' th' con&ir'd hat has bn %!b"ishd in th H!'an Ri*htsatch R%ort; IWe 'ill teach you a lesson! Se7ual )iolence against $amils by SriLankan Security 2orces!. $h A%%ndi to th R%ort doc!'nts cass o& ra%and tort!r in dtai"#

A"'ost a"" o& th %o%" r&rrd to ' had bn ra%d# Man. had s!&&rd ana"ra%, othrs r &orcd to s!b'it to ora" s, and on had n bn ra%d at bothnds si'!"tano!s". in hat / can on". dscrib as an 3or*. o& s!a" io"nc#

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21




Man. had srio!s %s.chiatric iss!s in addition to 'dica" %rob"'# So' r nars!icid < a %rob"' hich s'd to b o& no i'%ortanc to Serco or th A!stra"ian*orn'nt.

=n o& th' (ho' / i"" ca"" 37ohn) said thin*s that 'i*ht b "*a"". i'%ortant and'a+s nonsns o& th c"ai' b. th 6orn'nt o& Sri Lan+a (6oSL) that th ra%as don b. ro*! "'nts in th Ar'.# /t a"so ino"s %o%" o!tsid th Ar'dForcs, in th chain o& co''and a"" th a. to th to%#

37ohn said that thr 'n too+ hi' to th "oca" aa" had5!artrs in Mannar, in thorth st# His c"oths r r'od and a a. 'an as abo!t to ra% hi' hna &o!rth %rson a"+d in# $h a. 'an stood bac+ and sa"!td hi'; “Sir# you gofirst! # H did# B&or h "&t h to"d his s!bordinats “Bake sure you "o a goo" 3ob.ur boss Gota (r&rnc to 6otaba.a Raa%a+sa, D&nc Scrtar. and thPrsidnts brothr) tol" us not to spare them! # H addd, “Bake sure that this man> 37ohn) is brought back tomorro' since there 'ill be t'o other fficers 'ho 'ill /'antto ha&e a go’ ! # =n co!"d ca"" this an 3=&&icia" =rdr &or S#

Si'i"ar c"ai's ha bn 'ad b. othr as."!' s+rs ho ha bn ra%d b.th Ar'.s th Diision in th orth -ast# $h. sa. that th ra%ists (''brs o& th Ar'd Forcs), r to"d b. thir 3boss “"o 'hate&er you 'ant to "o to them!. $hCo''andin* =&&icr o& this Diision as Bri*adir Shandra Si"a# H as, a&trth con&"ict, %ro'otd to Maor 6nra", and is no th D%!t. Pr'anntR%rsntati to th ?nitd ations in Eor+ /t is i'%ossib" to b"i that thBri*adir did not +no hat as *oin* on, or that h as !nab" to %rnt it# $hris a 3Chain o& Co''and rs%onsibi"it., hich has "*a" cons5!ncs (s b"o)#

/ i"" not *o into th !st%!b"ishd r%ort o& th a""*d 3actiitis o& th Sri Lan+anD%!t. Pr'annt R%rsntati to th ? in Eor+# / i"" on". dra attntion

to hat is in th %!b"ic do'ain in Lanka 1e's 'eb== hich 'i*ht b o& i'%ortanc toth s!bct bin* da"t ith in this %!b"ication# / do not +no hat ha%%nd in thato&&ic in Eor+, an.'or than / +no hat ha%%nd in Prsidnt Bi"" C"intonso&&ic#

hat / do +no is that Co''odor $hisara Sa'arasin*h, Had o& th Sri Lan+ana. (20092011), is no 3His -c""nc. $h Sri Lan+an A'bassador to A!stra"iaH 'i*ht "i+ to %"ain hat ha%%nd to 37ohn and th icti' dscribd in dtai"b"o#

$hos in co''!nit. dtntion r bro!*ht to '. o&&ic hr a %ro%r histor. co!"db ta+n and th %rson a'ind#

$h HR R%ort doc!'nts that a 20 .ar o"d $a'i" o'an as ra%d b. aBri*adir &or 8 'onths# Cass r%ortd to ' a"so ino"d hi*hran+in* 'i"itar.=&&icrs#

$h orst cas

$h orst cas (o& 'an.) as a 2 .ar o"d $a'i" 'an &ro' Mannar ho' / i"" ca""3Ptr# H had no connction ith th Libration $i*rs o& $a'i" -"a' (L$$-, $a'i"$i*rs), not that it 'attrs#

88 htt%;::#"an+ans%a%rs#co':ns:2012:1:8Ks%ac#ht'"

22




/n 2009, h and his &athr r &ishin*, hn th a. &ird a sh"" hich hit thboat# H s!staind a bro+n "&t &'!r (thi*h) and "&t tibia ("or "*)#

$h a. arrstd th', dro%%d his &athr on th sashor and too+ hi' to tha. ca'% (not th hos%ita")# hn h r*aind conscio!snss his "* asbanda*d# hi" in th a. ca'%, h sa.s that h as r%atd". ra%d (an!s),so'ti's b. on, so'ti's b. 'or, a. %o%"# H as in th ca'% &or so'10 'onths (S%t'br 2009 to 7!". 2010) d!rin* hich h sa.s h as ra%d a"ar* n!'br o& ti's#

A&tr 10 'onths in th a. ca'% h as snt ho'# H did not t"" an.on abo!tth '!"ti%" ra%s or th rcta" b"din* bca!s o& sha' and &ar# H as as+dto r%ort r*!"ar". to th a. ca'%, and as ra%d ach ti'# H as to"d that i& hdid not co' bac+, th. o!"d ra% his *ir"&rind#

Ds%it th &act that h did *o bac+, his *ir"&rind as r%atd". ra%d at hr ho'#

=n on occasion 3Ptr as ta+n to a roo' and a%%roachd b. a 3hi*h"" aa"=&&icr (bca!s hn othrs ca' into th roo' th. sa"!td hi')#

H as ra%d b. th 3hi*h"" =&&icr and sra" othrs ho r&rrd to th=&&icr as Ith bossJ#

3Ptr trid to "a Mannar, b!t &o!nd that th a. s'd to +no hat h asabo!t to do# H "atr &o!nd that his &athrs sistr had bn in&or'in* th a. o& hisand his *ir"&rinds hrabo!ts &or a "on* ti' &or %a.'nt#

Fo!r da.s b&or h "&t, th a. *ot in&or'ation (%robab". &ro' his &athrs sistr)that h as abo!t to "a# $his ti' th. ca' &or hi', too+ hi' to th a. ca'%

and tort!rd hi'# $h. insrtd a %"astic %i% into his rct!' and a barbd ir %!tdon th %i%# $h %i% as ithdran "ain* th barbdir in th rct!'# $his(th barbd ir) as ithdran and insrtd sra" ti's, in hat / can on".dscrib as 'indbo**"in* sadis'# H as to"d Iyou are getting out# this is 'hat you"eser&e!.

/n S%t'br 2012, h %aid Sri Lan+an Rs 1#2 'i""ion (abo!t AT 12,000) to a %o%"s'!**"r in Sri Lan+a, *ot on a boat hich ca' &ro' *o'bo (btn Co"o'boand Mannar on th st coast), to Cocos /s"and# A&tr 4 or da.s, h as ta+n toChrist'as /s"and, and a 'onth "atr &"on to th Darin dtntion cntr (ic+ha'Point) in 'ain"and A!stra"ia#

A&tr 'onths thr, bca!s o& a dtrioratin* 'nta" stat, h as trans&rrd toth $ooon* (Priat) 'nta" hos%ita" in Brisban# r 'ad aar o& his%rsnc hr a&tr sra" +s# A &rind o& 'in, a &or'r Cons!"tant6.naco"o*ist, a $a'i", had to ta+ hi' sra" %ac+ts o& 'nstr!ation %adsbca!s o& rcta" b"din*# / as as+d to s hi' and / did# $h %hoto*ra%h o& hisri%%d an!s is too drad&!" to r%rod!c hr#

$hr r '!"ti%" %r&orations o& th rct!' consistnt ith his c"ai' o& barbdir bin* insrtd into th rct!'# $h HR R%ort a"so doc!'nts a cas hra barbdir as insrtd into th rct!'#

H c"ar". ndd s!r*ica" attntion &or th ri%%d an!s (in addition to %s.chiatrictrat'nt)# ?nab" to %roid ithr, h as snt to i""aood dtntion cntr inS.dn.# H has had s!r*r. and is no in Co''!nit. dtntion ith an A!stra"ian

28




&a'i". at a "ocation hich / +no b!t i"" not disc"os# H is sr". dist!rbd'nta"".#

His *ir"&rind, ho bca' his i&, !nab" to %!t !% ith r%atd ra%s, bca' an!n and sca%d to /ndia hr sh "is ith a r"ati# Sh is !nab" to *t to A!stra"ia bca!s o& A!stra"ias inh!'an r&!* %o"ic., hich is a *ross io"ation o&th R&!* Conntion, si*nd and rati&id b. A!stra"ia#

/ ha a dischar* s!''ar. *in to hr in th District 6nra" Hos%ita", Mannarhr sh as ad'ittd on 1 7!n 2018#

“ (a' s!%%rssd b. ') %ge +- years. She ga&e a history of se7ual assault by anunkno'n group of people. She complaine" of lo'er ab"ominal pain# blee"ing per&aginam# pain in her genitals an" breasts. n e7amination there 'ere multiplesimple linear abrasions o&er lo'er an" upper limbs an" face. oth breasts sho'e"multiple contusions an" bite marks an" 'ere &ery ten"er. $he genitalia sho'e" the&ul&a to be oe"ematous (so""n). oth labia ma3ora (th trna" &'a" *nita"ia)

'ere s'ollen. Speculum e7amination sho'e" an acti&e blee"ing site about =cm inthe &aginal &ault!. His -c""nc., th Sri Lan+an A'bassador in A!stra"ia, &or'r Had o& th SriLan+an a., Co''odor $hisara Sa'arasin*h, 'i*ht "i+ to thro so' "i*ht onthis sinc thr is orh"'in* idnc that th I!n+non *ro!% o& %o%"J r''brs o& his a.# =n th 3Chain o& Co''and rs%onsibi"it., h is cri'ina""."iab", as as th 7a%ans 6nra" $o'o.!+i Ea'ashita, ho as char*d,conictd and c!td in 194> &or &ai"in* to %rnt atrocitis don b. thos !ndrhis co''and (s b"o)# Sa'arasin*h cannot c"ai' 3di%"o'atic i''!nit. hn&acd ith s!ch srio!s char*s# H has to ansr#

$h 'nta" 'a+!% o& th ra%ists

Asid &ro' th o!tra*o!s acts that ha bn co''ittd, th 'nta" 'a+!% o&th ra%ists '!st b "oo+d at# /t is c"ar that it is %atho"o*ica" sinc it is "" b.ondhat can b r*ardd as 3nor'a"# /t o!"d not b !nrasonab" to ca"" th'3%atho"o*ica" ra%ists, !st as thr ar 3%atho"o*ica" "iars, 3%atho"o*ica" '!rdrrs,and sria" '!rdrrs#

hat is so orr.in* is that it is ths %o%" &ro' th Ar'd Forcs (a'on* othrs)ho ar bin* stt"d in th $a'i" aras b. th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt# /t is this thatis o& n *ratr concrn than th 3Sinha"isation o& th $a'i" aras#

T) H%(an Ri1)"' Wa"$) 3HRW4 R+.r"

?sin* th /CC d&inition o& Ra%, th HR R%ort84 car&!"". doc!'ntd casso& ra% and s!a" ab!s b. th Sri Lan+an Mi"itar., Po"ic and thos or+in* ithth'# A"" icti's r $a'i"s, 41 o'n, 81 'a"s, and 8 bo.s !ndr 1 .arso& a*# $his is on". a s'a"" &raction o& th act!a" n!'brs as th R%ort 'a+s c"ar;

Iecause of >Sri Lankan? go&ernment access restrictions Human Rights Watch 'asnot able to con"uct research openly in Sri Lanka. %s a result# 'e 'ere able to reachonly a small number of the "etainees hel" by the Sri Lankan authorities5..!

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“5.this report represents only a fraction of the total cases55.We recei&e" manyother cases of se7ual &iolence from Sri Lanka 'hich 'e 'ere unable to in&estigateoursel&es or in 'hich &ictims 'ere unable# afrai"# or un'illing to seek assistance orspeak of their abuse# an" these cases ha&e not been inclu"e" here.!

$h %!b"ication is i'%ortant "*a"".;

“5.the report contains "etaile" "escriptions of F- cases of rape an" se7ual abuse"ocumente" by Human Rights Watch. We ha&e me"ical "ocumentation in 6F of theF- cases# an" obtaine" other in"epen"ent corroborating information in the remainingeight cases! =- .

An i'%ortant &indin* is that th s.st'atic ra% o& $a'i"s contin!s toda., nar". &i.ars a&tr th nd o& th ar'd con&"ict# 7a's Ross, L*a" and Po"ic. Dirctor,HR, co''ntin* on 3.o!t!b said;

IWhat 'e foun" 'as that this abuse not only 'as 'i"esprea" "uring the final months

of the fighting 'hich en"e" in Bay +,,9 but ha&e continue" in the years since then#an" the Go&ernment has taken no action either to stop the abuse or punish thoseresponsible!.

$h cass ar so "" doc!'ntd that th. can b !sd as idnc in an. Co!rtcas #* th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" Co!rt, i& "*a" action is "a!nchd, not on". a*ainstthos ho co''ittd ths cri's b!t a*ainst thos ho r in char* (a"" th a.to th to%)# $h r%ort c"ar". stats this;

“$he Sri Lankan go&ernment has an obligation not only to pre&ent such &iolations#but also to in&estigate cre"ible allegations of abuse an" prosecute those responsible.fficials 'ho kne' or shoul" ha&e kno'n of such abuses an" faile" to take action#

are criminally liable as a matter of comman" responsibility.! $h r%ort doc!'nts th dan*rs &acin* $a'i"s ho ha o"!ntari". rt!rnd to SriLan+a, or as."!' s+rs ho ha bn snt bac+ to Sri Lan+a b. othr co!ntris,(s!ch as A!stra"ia and th ?@)#

C.n"in%in1 ab%'

/t is cr!cia" to a%%rciat that ra% and othr *ross io"ations o& h!'an ri*hts ar*oin* on toda. in th $a'i" orth and -ast, nar". &i .ars a&tr th nd o& thar'd con&"ict# / ha car&!"". aoidd sa.in* Ith nd o& th con&"ictJ bca!s thcon&"ict btn th 6oSL and th $a'i" %o%" is an.thin* b!t or# $o c"ai'

othris is to b b"ind to th *ro!nd ra"it. in th $a'i" orth and -ast#

A n!'br o& cass o& ra% and tort!r in th HR R%ort IWe 'ill teach you alesson! Se7ual )iolence against $amils by Sri Lankan Security 2orces! occ!rrd ""a&tr th nd o& th ar'd con&"ict (1 Ma. 2009)#

Man. o& th cass sn b. ' r %o%" ho had bn ra%d and tort!rd a&trth nd o& th ar'd con&"ict#

$h /C-P Islan" of ImpunityD r"asd > Fbr!ar. 2018, had this to sa.;

8 Pa* 18 o& th R%ort#

2




“<.A+ % 'itness# 'ho 'as "etaine" by the Sri Lankan 4olice’s riminalIn&estigations ;epartment >I;? as recently as %pril +,<+# reports being sub3ecte" totorture# se7ual &iolence an" multiple rapes. n one occasion# the 'itness reportsbeing physically assaulte" by another officer 'hile she 'as being rape". $he 'itnessalso state" that 'hile in I; "etention she hear" other men an" 'omen crying an"screaming out in pain e&ery "ay!.

$h ra%in* and brandin* o& 3@!'ar (March 2018)

A %artic!"ar". dist!rbin* cas as o& a $a'i" 'an ho had arrid in A!stra"ia as anas."!' s+r# $o conca" his idntit., h i"" b ca""d 3@!'ar# H &"d Sri Lan+aa&tr bin* intrro*atd and acc!sd o& "in+s to th $a'i" $i*rs and arrid in A!stra"ia in 200# His &a'i". oind hi' in A!stra"ia in 2012#

/n March 2018, h ndd to rt!rn ho' as his !nc" &"" i""# Lss than a + a&trh arrid in Sri Lan+a, h and his brothr r abd!ctd at *!n%oint b. to 'n ina hit an# $h 'n c"ai'd to b ar'. int""i*nc o&&icrs and *ri""d hi' abo!t

"in+s to th $a'i" $i*rs, hich h dnid#

H as b"ind&o"dd and ta+n to a dar+ roo' ith Udrid b"oodU on th a""s# $h.ra%d hi' r%atd". and tort!rd hi' &or thr da.s# =n th &o!rth and &ina" da. o&his orda", 3@!'ars ca%tors brandd his bac+ ith hot irons#

His !nc" %aid a T20,000 brib to his ca%tors, and h *ot bac+ to A!stra"ia#

Soon a&tr h rt!rnd @!'ar sa his "oca" doctor ho r&rrd hi' &or !r*nt%s.chiatric trat'nt &or his tra!'a# $h doctor as so horri&id b. @!'ars in!risthat h a"so so!*ht h"% &ro' th $a'i" R&!* Co!nci"# $h Co!nci" cons!"td

Lo!is 'an, an %rt adisr on th 'nta" ha"th o& as."!' s+rs#

Ms 'an sa.s @!'ars is a Ucre"ible story U# Sh said, He pro&i"es "etail an" is&ery preoccupie" 'ith some of the minute "etails of the actual atrocities that 'ere performe" on him 'hich is &ery typical... of the accounts 'e get from people 'hoha&e been through these sorts of e7periences.

6ordon iss, ho as th ?nitd ations s%o+s'an in Sri Lan+a d!rin* th cii"ar, and is no in A!stra"ia, as contactd# H a*rd @!'ars stor. is b"iab"#

H said, $here ha&e been a series of reports in 3ust the last fe' months from the 0Sstate "epartment# from Human Rights Watch# from the 01 high commissioner for

human rights# "etailing this kin" of treatment VV#ne has to remember that the people in charge of Sri Lanka at the moment ha&e got a long history stretching backto the <9J,s of using torture an" ab"uction in or"er to suppress segments of the population.

$h A!stra"ian Broadcastin* Cor%oration (ABC) as contactd# A R%ortrintrid 3@!'ar8> and aird on th ABC $ F.=, Report on 2 A%ri" 2018 8# /tshod th crisscross brandin* o& his bac+ hich had c"ar". bn rcnt". b!rnt#$o sa. it as 3shoc+in*, o!"d b a *ross !ndrstat'nt#

8>

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Br!ta"it. sadis'

$h shr br!ta"it. o& th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs is dscribd in on o& th cassr%ortd b. HR;

“$'o officials hel" my arms back K'hile a thir" official hel" my penis an" inserte" a

metal ro" insi"e. $hey inserte" small metal balls insi"e my penis. $hese ha" to besurgically remo&e" after I escape" from the country!.

HR statd that “% me"ical report corroborates his account! #

Anothr incidnt is dscribd in th /C-P R%ort “Islan" of Impunity! =J ;

“ne 'itness# 'hose statement 'as taken by I(4# 'as tol" "irectly by a seniorS2s >Security 2orces? officer that he ha" personally participate" 'ith his officers

in the gang rape of female L$$( 'ho ha" surren"ere".

$he S2s officer also"escribe" to the 'itness that after they rape" each 'oman# they kille" them bytying one of their legs to a tree an" the other to a tractor 'hich 'as "ri&en a'ayfrom the tree# causing the 'oman’s bo"y to be torn apart.!

? Hi*h Co''issionr &or H!'an Ri*hts < 2018 isit

Conc"!din* hr sn da. isit to Sri Lan+a, ? Hi*h Co''issionr &or H!'anRi*hts, aanth' Pi""a., h"d a %rss con&rnc in Co"o'bo on 81 A!*!st201889# R&rrin* to s!a" io"nc, sh said;

8 /ntrnationa" Cri's -idnc Proct (/C-P) IIslan" of ImpunityD /nsti*ation into /ntrnationa"

Cri's in (Sri Lan+a). > 7!n 2014, sction 11#80, %a* 1htt%s;::#co"o'bot"*ra%h#co':%contnt:!%"oads:2014:02:hr#%d& 89 htt%;::#ohchr#or*:-:s-nts:Pa*s:Mdia#as%/sMdiaPa*Ntr!OLan*/DN-

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“I 'as &ery concerne" to hear about the &ulnerability of 'omen an" girls# especiallyin female8hea"e" househol"s# to se7ual harassment an" abuse. I ha&e raise" thisissue 'ith se&eral ministers# the pro&incial go&ernors an" senior militarycomman"ers 'ho atten"e" my meeting 'ith the Secretary of ;efence. I challenge"them to rigorously enforce a Mero tolerance policy for se7ual abuse.!

$h British action (or th "ac+ o& it )

=n 29 Ma. 2012, $h Scrtar. o& Stat &or Fori*n A&&airs and $rad, i""ia'Ha*!, "a!nchd th British 6orn'nts 3Initiative on preventing sexualviolence in conflict.’ hi" h r&rrd to o'n in Dar&!r and Srbrnica, h didnot !ttr a ord abo!t th tnsi ra% o& $a'i" o'n and *ir"s in Sri Lan+a#

=n 2 o'br 2018, it as ta+n !% a*ain in th British %ar"ia'nt# 3SexualViolence in onflict’. Fori*n Scrtar., i""ia' Ha*!, s%o+ (at "n*th)#

Sri Lan+a, hr ra% is ra'%ant, as not n 'ntiond# Ha*! +n %r&ct".

"" hat as *oin* on in Sri Lan+a bca!s his Pri' Ministr, Daid Ca'ron,had !st isitd Sri Lan+a &or th Co''ona"th Hads o& 6orn'nt Mtin*(CH=6M), 11 o'br 2018, and had isitd th $a'i" aras# / +no that th'aor %rob"' o& ra% o& $a'i" o'n and *ir"s b. th Sri Lan+an 'i"itar. as'ntiond to hi'#

/n addition, thr ar sra" acco!nts b. intrnationa"". crdib" or*anisations s!chas H!'an Ri*hts atch, hich / ha citd, to doc!'nt hat Ha*! chos toi*nor#

Fina""., a ''br o& th =%%osition, Si'on Danc!+ (Rochda") (Lab);

I % lot of se7ual &iolence is occurring in Sri Lanka# an" it has been going on for sometime. Is the 2oreign Secretary really comfortable 'ith 4resi"ent Ra3apaksa playingsuch a lea"ing role in the ommon'ealth at the momentD!

Mr Ha*! as 3co'&ortab" to rais ths iss!s ith Sri Lan+a b!t not ncssari".to act

Mr Ha*!; “I am comfortable that it 'as right to raise all these issues in SriLanka55If 'e ha" not been to Sri Lanka# 'e 'oul" not ha&e been able to "oanything of this: to secure the communi*uN@ to make a speech on se7ual &iolence@ toraise the issue 'ith the Sri Lankan Go&ernment an" to ha&e co&erage all o&er the Sri

Lankan me"ia. $he ans'er is that I am comfortable that 'e "i" the right thing toraise this issue in a big 'ay in Sri Lanka.!

So it ndd# At "ast it as doc!'ntd that thr is 3a "ot o& s!a" io"nc in SriLan+a# Es, indd, h 'i*ht "" ha raisd Ithis iss! in a bi* a. in Sri Lan+aJ#H did not sa. hat h and his *orn'nt o!"d do i& Sri Lan+a said; I6t "ostJ#

$h A!stra"ian Pri' Ministrs o!tra*o!s co''nt (2018) and actions

=n 1 o'br 2018, th A!stra"ian Pri' Ministr $on. Abbott, in Co"o'bo toattnd CH=6M, to"d r%ortrs that hi" his *orn'nt "eplores the use of torture

'e accept that sometimes in "ifficult circumstances "ifficult things happen #

2




$h dis*rac&!" A!stra"ian Pri' Ministr

$his is an o!tra*o!s co''nt# $h !s o& tort!r is nr !sti&iab"# $hr is nra 3di&&ic!"t circ!'stanc hr tort!r sho!"d b acc%td# /n an !n%rcdntdaction, "adin* ri*hts *ro!%s, H!'an Ri*hts atch, th H!'an Ri*hts La Cntr, A'nst. /ntrnationa" A!stra"ia, A!stra"ian La.rs &or H!'an Ri*hts, and thCastan Cntr &or H!'an Ri*hts, ca""d &or a rtraction o& th r'ar+s 'ad b. th

A!stra"ian Pri' Ministr # H is not abo!t to do so# Abbott as harti". a%%"a!dd and had 3rdcar%t trat'nt &ro' th Sri Lan+anPrsidnt, Mahinda Raa%a+sa# hn h "&t Sri Lan+a a&tr CH=6M th band%"a.d “WaltMing Batil"a!.

/n contrast, th co!ra*o!s British Pri' Ministr, Daid Ca'ron, ho cha""n*dth Sri Lan+an 6orn'nts &ai"!r to addrss th a""*ations o& cri'ina" acts d!rin*th thnic con&"ict, and said that h o!"d ta+ this !% at th nt ? H!'an Ri*htsCo!nci" 'tin* in 6na (March 2014) i& Sri Lan+a did not act, as to"d b.Prsidnt Raa%a+sa that 3 people in glass houses shoul" not thro' stones

$o *t bac+ to th A!stra"ian Pri' Ministr $on. Abbott and his /''i*rationMinistr, th. ha !st (in th %ast 'onth) a%%ointd a &or'r Sri Lan+an Ar'.=&&icr, Dinsh Prra, as th actin* Had o& th notorio!s Man!s /s"and DtntionCntr in Pa%!a 6!ina# /t is a thoro!*h". ina%%ro%riat a%%oint'nt#

$his dtntion cntr has at "ast 80 Sri Lan+an $a'i" 'a"s# $h $a'i"s bin* h"dthr ha &"d %rsc!tion at th hands o& th Sri Lan+an 'i"itar.# /t is co'%"t".ina%%ro%riat &or an.on ith "in+s to th Sri Lan+an 'i"itar. to b in char* o& th"&ar and ""bin* o& !"nrab" as."!' s+rs, s%cia"". $a'i"s#

/t is not th actiitis o& on 'an, Dinsh Prra, that is in 5!stion# /t is th a. that A!stra"ia ta+s car o& as."!' s+rs ho ar in its c!stod.# $h %"acin* o& an 'i"itar. co''andr &ro' a so!rc co!ntr. &or r&!*s "i+ Sri Lan+a, hi*h"i*hts A!stra"ias co'%"t insnsitiit. to th r. ra" ris+s and s!&&rin* that thos as."!'s+rs ar &"in*#

A 'or srio!s %rob"' is that th rcords o& th $a'i"s bin* dtaind i"" bradi". aai"ab" to Prra# 6in his obio!s contacts ith his &rinds in th SriLan+an Ar'd Forcs, this in&or'ation co!"d b snt to th'# $his co!"d hadisastro!s cons5!ncs &or thos ho th as."!' s+rs ha "&t bhind in SriLan+a# /t is an initation to th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs to co''it cri's, inc"!din*ra%# i"" th A!stra"ian *orn'nt 'onitor this =& co!rs it i"" not# $h A!stra"ian 6orn'nt "in i"" %rdictab". b that ra% in Sri Lan+a is a do'stic

%rob"' &or Sri Lan+a to da" ith#

29




A!stra"ia acc%tin* a 'an ho has 5!stions to ansr on ar cri's as th SriLan+an A'bassador, and no a%%ointin* anothr Ar'. =&&icr as th actin* had o&a dtntion cntr that has r. !"nrab" $a'i"s, ca""s &or an intrnationa" %rotstand cond'nation o& A!stra"ia##H!'an Ri*hts atch or"d R%ort 201440

$his is th 'ost rcnt intrnationa" R%ort on s!a" ab!s in Sri Lan+a# $hr ari'%ortant r&rncs to s!a" io"nc and th Sri Lan+an 'i"itar.#

“$orture an" other ill8treatment of persons in custo"y by the security forces has beena 'i"esprea" problem both "uring an" since the arme" conflict. Human RightsWatch publishe" ne' e&i"ence in 2ebruary that rape an" se7ual &iolence has been akey element of broa"er torture of suspecte" L$$( members an" supporters e&ersince the 'ar’s en". $he torture is use" to obtain “confessions! of L$$( in&ol&ement#an" to instil terror in the broa"er $amil population to "iscourage in&ol&ement 'ith theL$$(.

$he go&ernment re3ecte" these fin"ings an" claime" they 'ere fabrications byin"i&i"uals seeking to embellish their o&erseas asylum claims. Human Rights Watchis una'are of any go&ernment in&estigations into the reporte" se7ual abuse!.

As &or th Sri Lan+an 'i"itar., th R%ort *os on;

“$he go&ernment conten"s to ha&e consi"erably "ecrease" its military presence inthe north an" east# but cre"ible accounts in"icate that military personnel stillfre*uently inter&ene in ci&ilian life. $he ;efence Binistry an" army 'ebsites bothregularly post articles about the role of the military in ci&ilian affairs that appearinten"e" to e7ert control o&er the local population an" "e&elopment. In"epen"entobser&ers of pro&incial council elections in September e7presse" concern aboutmilitary campaign acti&ities in fa&or of the ruling party there# an" the resultingheightene" sense of insecurity an" tension among the $amil population ahea" of theelections.

Women an" girls in the north an" east remaine" especially &ulnerable to se7ualharassment an" &iolence that the army neither pre&ente" an" may ha&e contribute"to. Women’s rights groups 'orking in $amil areas reporte" particular "ifficulty"ocumenting abuses because of an oppressi&e military presence.!

Ra+ 5 a !ar $ri(

6o&&r. Robrtson GC

6o&&r. Robrtson, a British barristr and a or"d a!thorit. on h!'an ri*hts, in hisa!thoritati boo+, rimes against Humanity. $he struggle for Global usticeA<# hasthis to sa.;

/5..international la' has been slo' to recognise rape for the 'ar crime it in&ariablyconstitutes 'hen inflicte" 'ith impunity by &ictorious armies!.

/ntrnationa" Cri'ina" $rib!na" &or Randa (/C$R) in 199#

40 htt%;::#hr#or*:or"dr%ort:2014:co!ntr.cha%trs:sri"an+aW htt%;::#hr#or*:or"dr%ort:2014:co!ntr.cha%trs:sri"an+aW41 Pn*!in Boo+s Ltd, 0 Strand, London C2 =RL, -n*"and, 2nd -d 2002, %a* 100

80

http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/sri-lanka











Ra+ an ".r"%r Ra% is a &or' o& tort!r (as as %ointd o!t b. 6o&&r. Robrtson GC at th rcnt(2 S%t'br 2018) 'tin* in London on 6nocid in Sri Lan+a hich / har&rrd to#

$h ?nirsa" Dc"aration o& H!'an Ri*hts as ado%td b. th ? 6nra" Ass'b". on 10 Dc'br 194# Artic" ;

“1o one shall be sub3ecte" to torture or to cruel# inhuman or "egra"ing treatment or punishment!.

/t as &o""od in 194 b. th 3$ort!r Conntion (Conntion a*ainst $ort!r and=thr Cr!", /nh!'an and D*radin* $rat'nt or P!nish'nt (CA$)# Sri Lan+aaccdd to CA$ in 1994 and it has an ob"i*ation !ndr Artic" 4 o& CA$ to cri'ina"istort!r !ndr its do'stic "a#

CA$ d&ins tort!r as

“any act by 'hich se&ere pain or suffering# 'hether physical or mental# isintentionally inflicte" by or at the instigation of a public official on a person for such purpose as obtaining from him or a thir" person information or confession# punishinghim for an act he has committe" or is suspecte" of ha&ing committe"# or intimi"atinghim or other persons!.

$h %rohibition o& tort!r is "" stab"ishd in intrnationa" "a# /t is an abso"!t%rohibition in n!'ro!s h!'an ri*hts tratis, and is %rohibitd !ndr Co''on Artic" 8# $h %rohibition o& tort!r is a"so rco*nisd as a r!" o& c!sto'ar.intrnationa" "a, a'o!ntin* to a !s co*ns nor'#

Both !ndr c!sto'ar. intrnationa" "a and th /CC Stat!t, tort!r is a ar cri'and a cri' a*ainst h!'anit.#

$hr is orh"'in* idnc &ro' sra" %!b"ications b. intrnationa"". crdib"h!'an ri*hts or*anisations that tort!r is ids%rad in Sri Lan+a, s%cia"". in th$a'i" orth and -ast, no !ndr th Sri Lan+an 'i"itar. and %o"ic (orh"'in*".Sinha"s < 99#9 and 9 rs%cti".)#

A 'dica" di'nsion

3$ort!r c"ar". has a 'dica" di'nsion, in addition to a "*a" on# As s!ch, it is

r"ant to 5!ot &ro' th Be"ical 2oun"ation for the are of )ictims of $orture#“2ree"om from $orture!.

/n th rcnt". %!b"ishd 2012:2018 Ann!a" Ri, Sri Lan+a s!r*d ahad tobco' th to% co!ntr. o& ori*in &or thos r&rrd to 2ree"om from $orture in 2012#=& 1,801 %o%" r&rrd in 2012 &or tort!r rhabi"itation and &ornsicdoc!'ntation, 22 r o& Sri Lan+an nationa"it., th ast 'aorit. o& th' SriLan+an $a'i"s#

82




Ra+ a' a !ar $ri( an $ri( a1ain'" )%(ani"y

$h /ntrnationa" Cri's -idnc Proct (ICEP), a %roct o& th P!b"ic /ntrst Adocac. Cntr (PIAC), in an tnsi R%ort %!b"ishd on > Fbr!ar. 2014had this to sa.42;

“$he Sri Lankan Go&ernment has "enie" or ignore" cre"ible allegations of rapean" se7ual &iolence committe" by S2s >Security 2orces? members in the finalmonths of the conflict an" the post8conflict perio". Secon"8han" 'itness accountsobtaine" by I(4 are consistent 'ith cases reporte" by Human Rights Watch> !R" ? an" the 01 (7pert 4anel. $hese in"icate that S2s members committe"rape an" se7ual &iolence in the conte7t of the Sri Lankan %rmy’s screening

process# in I;4 camps an" surren"ee "etention facilities# "uring interrogationsan" at Go&ernment hospitals. Such con"uct coul" amount to 'ar crimes an"crimes against humanity!.

Ra+ an Gn.$i

Pro&ssor Francis Bo.", Pro&ssor o& /ntrnationa" La, ?nirsit. o& /""inois Co""*o& La, ho r%rsntd nar". 40,000 ra%d “Women of osnia! and ar*!d thircas in th or"d Co!rt &or th R%!b"ic o& Bosnia and Hr*oina a*ainstE!*os"aia# H on to or"d Co!rt =rdrs o& Proisiona" Mas!rs o& Protctionon thir bha"&#

/n his boo+ Genoci"e in Sri LankaA=# Pro&ssor Bo." has rittn tnsi". on ra%and *nocid in Sri Lan+a# H has 'ad a 'aor contrib!tion or a %ro"on*d%riod o& ti' to addrss th 'o!ntin* %rob"' o& th io"ation o& h!'an ri*hts in SriLan+a and on th abso"!t nd to char* th cri'ina"s hor th. ar#

ids%rad and s.st'atic ra% o& th $a'i"s b. th 6oSL and its Ar'd Forcsio"ats Artic" //(b) o& th 194 6nocid Conntion, to hich Sri Lan+a is acontractin* %art.# $h r"ant %art o& artic" // stats;

“In the present on&ention# genoci"e means any of the follo'ing actscommitte" 'ith intent to "estroy# in 'hole or in part# a national# ethnical# racialor religious group as such:

>b? ausing serious bo"ily or mental harm to members of the group@5.!

C.((an r'+.n'ibi0i"y

/n addition to dirct cri'ina" rs%onsibi"it. &or cri's co''ittd on th *ro!nd,co''andrs or othr s!%riors ('i"itar. or cii") 'a. b *!i"t. &or &ai"in* to %rnt or%!nish cri's b. thir s!bordinats# Cri'ina" rs%onsibi"it. is an stab"ishd %rinci%"o& c!sto'ar. intrnationa" "a and has bn incor%oratd into th Ro' Stat!t44#

$h /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" $rib!na" &or th For'r E!*os"aia (/C$E), stab"ishd b.th ? Sc!rit. Co!nci" on 2 Ma. 1998, had ca!*ht !st on cri'ina" (a &oot so"dirat that) a&tr to .ars# /C$E &ina"". "i&td th %rotction o&&rd to th Bosnian Srb

42 /ntrnationa" Cri's -idnc Proct (/C-P) IIslan" of ImpunityD /nsti*ation into /ntrnationa"Cri's in (Sri Lan+a). > 7!n 2014, %ara 1#84 % 11htt%s;::#co"o'bot"*ra%h#co':%contnt:!%"oads:2014:02:hr#%d&

48 44 /CRC C!sto'ar. /ntrnationa" H!'anitarian La, R!" 18, Ro' Stat!t art#2

88






"adrshi%# $h $rib!na" %rosc!tor r'indd th Co!rt o& th !r'br* r!"in* thatIa plea of hea" of state immunity 'ill not constitute "efence# nor 'ill it mitigate punishment!# and th 3Co''and Rs%onsibi"it. r!" &or 'i"itar. and %o"itica" "adrs#

/t as a%%"id in th tria" o& th 7a%ans 6nra" $o'o.!+i Ea'ashita# H had&ai"d in his d!t. as Co''andr o& 7a%ans &orcs in th Phi"i%%ins to %rntth' &ro' co''ittin* atrocitis# H as trid and conictd b. a 'i"itar. Co!rt in thPhi"i%%ins# H a%%a"d to th ?S S!%r' Co!rt hich rctd th a%%a";

“ a person in a position of superior authority shoul" be hel" in"i&i"ually responsiblefor gi&ing the unla'ful or"er# a crime# an" he shoul" also be hel" responsible forfailure to "eter the unla'ful beha&iour of subor"inates if he kne' they ha" committe"or 'ere about to commit crimes yet faile" to take necessary an" reasonable steps to pre&ent their commission or to punish those 'ho ha" committe" them!.

H as c!td b. han*in* in th Phi"i%%ins on 28 Fbr!ar. 194># 7!st &or thrcord, Ea'ashitas Chi& o& Sta&& in th Phi"i%%ins, A+ira M!tY, as c!td on 28

Dc'br 194 a&tr hain* bn &o!nd *!i"t. o& ar cri's b. th /ntrnationa" Mi"itar. $rib!na" &or th Far -ast#

3Co''and rs%onsibi"it. 'a+s th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs Co''andr, &or'r6nra" Sarath Fons+a, his 'an. Ar'd Forc Co''andrs ('an. o& th' noSri Lan+an 3di%"o'ats in so' co!ntris and n in th ?), his non'i"itar.bosss, inc"!din* 6otaba.a Raa%a+sa, D&nc Scrtar., and Mahinda Raa%a+sa,Co''andrinChi& o& th Ar'd Forcs (and th Prsidnt o& th co!ntr.),cri'ina"". "iab"#

T) War

Sinc '!ch o& th ra% in th $a'i" aras is associatd ith th 2>.ar "on* ar inSri Lan+a, it is instr!cti to 'a+ so' bri& co''nts on this#

/t is a ar btn th Sinha"sdo'inatd Sri Lan+an 6orn'nt and th $a'i" people < not, as is %o%!"ar". b"id, on". a*ainst th Libration $i*rs o& $a'i"-"a' (L$$-), a 'i"itant $a'i" *ro!%# / i"" da" ith this i'%ortant %oint "atr#

$h Sinha"sB!ddhist thnor"i*io!s cha!inis' o& a s!ccssion o& Sinha"sdo'inatd *orn'nts has bn to *t th %o"itica" s!%%ort o& th 'aorit.Sinha"s (4 o& th co!ntr.) and B!ddhist (0), b. discri'inatin* a*ainst th$a'i"Hind! 'inorit.# $his anti$a'i" discri'ination in th =&&icia" Lan*!a*(chan*d &ro' -n*"ish to Sinha"s on".), d!cation (ntr. into ?nirsitis) and

'%"o.'nt, as rsistd b. th $a'i" %o%", &irst b. nonio"nt %rotsts and,hn ths &ai"d, b. a rsort to an ar'd str!**" to &r th $a'i" %o%" &ro'Sinha"s do'ination#

/t as a "ibration str!**" no di&&rnt &ro' that o& th A&rican ationa" Con*rss(AC) in a%arthid So!th A&rica, and "ibration str!**"s a*ainst o%%rssion in 'an.sit!ations don th a*s#

hat has *on on, and, dist!rbin*"., is sti"" *oin* on, is a srio!s io"ation o& h!'anri*hts o& th $a'i" %o%", and n thir ri*ht to "i&, th 'ost &!nda'nta" h!'anri*ht < *!arantd b. Artic" o& th ?nirsa" Dc"aration o& H!'an Ri*hts#

$h 6oSL has 'ad a 'oc+r. o& th ?nirsa" Dc"aration hich it has si*nd andrati&id# $h h!'an ri*hts o& th $a'i" %o%" in th orth and -ast has ta+n a

84

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_staff_(military)


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Mut%C5%8D

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Mut%C5%8D






bashin*, and hat is ors, th io"ations ha sca"atd a&tr th 3nd o& th ar'dcon&"ict#

$hr has a"so bn a srio!s io"ation o& th ? Conntion on $ort!r, thConntions on th Ri*hts o& th Chi"d, $h Conntion on th -"i'ination o& A""For's o& Discri'ination a*ainst o'n, and n th 6nocid Conntion# $hishas bn don, and continues to b don, ith intrnationa"". crdib" h!'an ri*hts*ro!%s, h!'anitarian a*ncis, ind%ndnt obsrrs and th 'dia dnid accssto th ara hr th orst io"ations o& h!'an ri*hts ar occ!rrin* (th $a'i" orthand -ast)#

/t is i'%ortant to strss that th $a'i" $i*rs, th %o"itica"".acti B!ddhist 'on+s,on o& ho' assassinatd th &athr o& th %rio!s Prsidnt, Chandri+aBandaranai+ @!'arat!n*a, Pri' Ministr S##R#D# Bandaranai+, th Sinha"ssoca""d 3Marists in th 7anatha i'!+thi Pra'!na (7P), ho assassinatd hrisionar. h!sband, and th Sinha"s hoo"i*ans and th!*s ho ar r!nnin* a'o+ith th b"ssin*s o& th Prsidnt Mahinda Raa%a+sas *orn'nt, ha not

si*nd intrnationa"". bindin* Conntions and A*r'nts# $h 6oSL has si*ndths, and has a "*a" and 'ora" rs%onsibi"it. to hono!r th'# $his has notha%%nd# /ndd th. ha bn &"o!td#

T) A1na ./ Sri Lan6a-' r%0in1 Ra7a+a6'a 7%n"a

$h "ction o& Mahinda Raa%a+sa as Prsidnt o& Sri Lan+a (19 o'br 200)had srio!s cons5!ncs &or th $a'i" %o%", s%cia"". thos in th orth and-ast, th ara o& historica" habitation o& th $a'i"s# /t as c"ar that h and his n'or r!th"ss brothr, 6otaba.a Raa%a+sa < a &or'r ''br o& th Ar'd Forcsho had rtird %r'at!r". and had *on to th ?SA in sarch o& *rnr %ast!rs,rt!rnd to Sri Lan+a to s!%%ort his brothrs "ction#

hn Mahinda Raa%a+sa as "ctd Prsidnt, h a%%ointd 6otaba.a as hisD&nc Scrtar.# $h. r dtr'ind to cr!sh th L$$-, hatr th cost intr's o& cii"ian ($a'i") "is#

/n Sarath Fons+a, th Ar'. Chi&o&Sta&&, th. &o!nd a "i+'indd 'i"itar. 'an#=n > Dc'br 200, "ss than thr +s a&tr th "ction o& Mahinda Raa%a+saas Prsidnt, Fons+a as a%%ointd as th Ar'. Co''andr#

$h Raa%a+saFons+a co'bination as %r%ard to dstro. th L$$-, irrs%ctio& ($a'i") cii"ian cas!a"tis# -n tho!*h th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt !ndrRaa%a+sa and th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs !ndr Fons+a, had th !"ti'at

obcti o& dstro.in* th L$$-, th idntiar. 'atria" indicats that th cii"ian($a'i") %o%!"ation as th %ri'ar., rathr than an incidnta", obct o& th attac+#

$his conc"!sion is basd on th 'ans and 'thods o& ar&ar !sd, th n!'br o&cii"ian cas!a"tis, th "ac+ o& %rca!tionar. 'thods ta+n b. th Ar'd Forcs, thconsistnt and s!staind brachs b. th 6oSL and its Ar'd Forcs o& th 3Laso& ar and th dastatin* &&ct that ths attac+s had in th cii"ian %o%!"ation#

hthr or not a cii"ian %o%!"ation as th %ri'ar. obcti o& th attac+ has bnst o!t b. th a%%a"s Cha'br in th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" $rib!na" &or th For'rE!*os"aia#4 A%%".in* ths critria, thr is no do!bt that th %ri'ar. obcti asth dstr!ction o& th $a'i" cii"ian %o%!"ation in th orth and -ast#

4 4rosecutor & unarac /C$E9>28A, 1> 7!n 2002

8




$hr is orh"'in* idnc that th %o"ic. o& th Raa%a+sa !nta, (th6orn'nt o& Sri Lan+a) is to 'a+ '!"tithnic, '!"ti"in*!a", '!"tic!"t!ra",'!"tir"i*io!s Sri Lan+a into a Sinha"aB!ddhist nation# /& this 'ant 6nocid o& th$a'i" %o%" or co''ittin* ar cri's, th Raa%a+saFons+a co'bination co!"dnot car "ss

L*a""., to co''it s!ch a cri', th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" Co!rt Stat!t r5!irs thatthr '!st b a 3Stat or =r*anisationa" %o"ic.# Hor, both th /ntrnationa"Cri'ina" $rib!na" &or th For'r E!*os"aia and th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" $rib!na"&or Randa ha assrtd that a %o"ic. "'nt is not r5!ird !ndr thir rs%ctistat!ts or c!sto'ar. intrnationa" "a#

A"" that is r5!ird is that a %art. to th con&"ict * th 6oSL, has th ca%abi"it. to%r&or' acts hich in&rin* on basic h!'an a"!s or has th ca%abi"it. to co''itids%rad and s.st'atic attac+s a*ainst a cii"ian %o%!"ation# $his th 6oSL andth Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs crtain". had#

$h /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" Co!rt has dc"ard4> that a %o"ic. to co''it s!ch anattac+ r5!irs that th Stat or or*anisation 3acti". %ro'ots or nco!ra*s s!chan attac+ a*ainst a cii"ian %o%!"ation#4

$hr is idnc that th attac+s b. th 6oSL and its Ar'd Forcs r%r%tratd %!rs!ant to a Stat %o"ic. to co''it s!ch a cri'# /n %artic!"ar, th'i"itar. attac+s r !ndrta+n !ndr th a!thorit. o& th hi*hst 'i"itar. andcii"ian co''and# $h Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs r a so%histicatd 'i"itar. &orc!ndr th co''and o& 6nra" Fons+a, and !ndr th !"ti'at co''and o& thCo''andrinChi& (Prsidnt Raa%a+sa)# F!rthr, th Ar'. dirct". r%ortd toth Scrtar. o& D&nc (6otaba.a Raa%a+sa) and thr is so' idnc that h

(6otaba.a) con.d ordrs dirct". to th &i"d co''andrs#

$h sta* as no st &or a 'assi assa!"t on th ($a'i") cii"ian %o%!"ation# hatas no 3ncssar. as to r'o intrnationa" obsrrs &ro' th ara so that thcri' co!"d b co''ittd itho!t itnsss# $his as don on S%t'br 200,hn th 6oSL anno!ncd that it no "on*r ns!r th sa&t. o& h!'anitarianor+rs in th orth and -ast and r5!std a"" intrnationa" sta&& o& th ? andothr 6=s (non*orn'nt or*anisations) to "a th ara# $his as ds%it th&act that th o&&nsi o& th Ar'd Forcs as th bi**st thrat to ths or+rs#

$h attac+s "a!nchd b. th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs r both s.st'atic andids%rad# $h ids%rad nat!r o& th attac+s is idnt &ro' th *o*ra%hica"

sca" o& th attac+s as "" as &ro' th "ar* n!'br o& cii"ian cas!a"tis#

/n addition, thr is orh"'in* idnc that th 6oSL and th Ar'd Forcssr". rstrictd &ood and 'dica" s!%%"is to th ara, hich rs!"td in a "ar*n!'br o& cii"ian daths (in addition to thos ca!s b. tnsi 'i"itar. attac+s)#

-n a&tr th nd o& th ar'd con&"ict (1 Ma. 2009), hn th 3rason %!t&orard &or th %!"sion o& th intrnationa" or*anisations as no "on*r %rsnt, th6oSL r&!sd to a""o intrnationa" or*anisations into th ara or to th dtntioncntrs st !% b. th 6oSL &or th cii"ian %o%!"ation#

4> /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" Co!rt, -"'nts o& Cri's, ?## Doc# PC/CC:2000:1:Add#2 (2000)#4 /CC -"'nts o& Cri', Artic" , /ntrod!ction, %oint 8#

8>




$hr is indis%!tab" idnc that tort!r, disa%%arancs, ra% and othr &or's o&s!a" io"nc a*ainst ($a'i") cii"ians occ!rrd (and contin! to occ!r) in %o"icstations, ar'. ca'%s, dtntion cntrs and n cii"ian ho's in th $a'i" orthand -ast !ndr th contro" o& th Ar'd Forcs and th Po"ic#

$h Sinha"s Ar'd Forcs and Po"ic ar notorio!s". br!ta", inc"!din* i''o"ationson bachs, bodis d!'%d in rirs and dca%itatd hads st!c+ on %i+s# $h$a'i"s ha not bn th on". rci%ints o& this *orn'nt crac+don# $ns o&tho!sands o& .o!n* Marist Sinha"s r s"a!*htrd in th 191 and a*ain in19#

As s!ch, it is not s!r%risin* hat ths br!ta" r*i's, Raa%a+sas bin* th orst,ha don to th $a'i"s# $h &ina" assa!"t on th $a'i"s b*an in 7an!ar. 200hn th Raa%a+sa r*i' b*an th a""o!t assa!"t on th $a'i" orth and -ast#

/n 7an!ar. 2009 6orn'nt Forcs ca%t!rd th L$$- ad'inistrati had5!artrsin @i"inochchi# /n Fbr!ar., Raa%a+sa rctd intrnationa" ca""s &or a t'%orar.

cas&ir a'id h!'anitarian concrns &or cii"ians tra%%d in th con&"ict on asr5!ird b. th 6na Conntions and th 3R!"s o& ar# /n March, ? H!'anRi*hts Co''issionr ai Pi""a., %rssd *ra concrns on h!'an ri*htsab!ss#

B. th 'idd" o& Ma. 2009, th Raa%a+sa *orn'nt had orr!n th &ina" %atch o&L$$- h"d trritor., th $i*r "adr as dad and th $i*rs had "aid don thirar's# /t is cr!cia" to a%%rciat this bca!s onc ar's ha bn "aid don, thosho had don so r hors "e combat (o!t o& co'bat) and, on intrnationa" "a,ntit"d to s%cia" %rotction < not to b th icti's o& '!rdr, ra%, s!''ar.c!tions tc# /& hors "e combat is io"atd, it is a srio!s ar cri'#

ith no intrnationa" obsrrs, th n!'br dad and dis%"acd is !nc"ar# $h ?sti'ats !% to 40,000 cii"ians +i""d in th "ast 'onths o& th con&"ict b!t "oca"*orn'nt sti'ats ar that so' 1>0,000 %o%" ar !nacco!ntd &or# $his %!b"ication i"" not addrss th sca"atin* io"ation o& th h!'an ri*hts o& th$a'i" %o%" d!rin* th con&"ict and a&tr it had ndd, b!t i"" &oc!s on !st on <th ra% o& $a'i" o'n, *ir"s and 'n, in th $a'i" aras b. th 3ictorio!sSinha"s Ar'd Forcs, Sinha"s ad'inistrators, or+rs and othrs c!rrnt".r!nnin* th ara, or or+in* in it# $h Las that ar bin* brachd

/t is i'%ortant to st o!t th "*a" di'nsion (nationa"". and intrnationa"".) hich thSri Lan+an *orn'nt and its Ar'd Forcs and Po"ic ha brachd, and arcontin!in* to brach#

T) L1a0 i(n'i.n

H!'an ri*hts ar %rotctd b. a) /ntrnationa" La, Conntions and $ratisb) ationa" (Sri Lan+an) La and th Constit!tion#

Both ha bn, and ar bin*, io"atd in Sri Lan+a#

A) /ntrnationa" La

8




H!'an ri*hts ar %rotctd b. to sts o& "as, d%ndin* on hthr or not thr isan ar'd con&"ict (trna" or intrna")#

/& thr is no ar'd con&"ict, H!'an Ri*hts La a%%"is# /& thr is an ar'd con&"ict,H!'anitarian La a%%"is#

Both bodis o& "a %rohibit acts o& s!a" io"nc#

H!'an Ri*hts La

Sri Lan+a has si*nd sra" 'aor h!'an ri*hts tratis;

1# /ntrnationa" Conant on Cii" and Po"itica" Ri*hts (/CCPR)4

2# Conntion a*ainst $ort!r and =thr Cr!", /nh!'an or D*radin* $rat'nt or P!nish'nt (IConntion a*ainst $ort!rJ)49

8# Conntion on th -"i'ination o& a"" For's o& Discri'ination a*ainst o'n (C-DA)0

4# Conntion on th Ri*hts o& th Chi"d (CRC)1

# =thr H!'an Ri*hts La2

/ntrnationa" H!'an Ri*hts La (to b s%ci&ic < /CCPR), contains %rotction &ro'ra% and othr &or's o& s!a" ab!s thro!*h its %rohibition on tort!r and othr i""trat'nt, and discri'ination basd on s8# $h ? has ra&&ir'd ths %rinci%"ss%ci&ica"". in r"ation to "i'inatin* io"nc a*ainst o'n#4

/t a"so nshrins th ri*ht to &&cti r'd., hich ob"i*ats th Stat to %rnt,insti*at, and %!nish srio!s h!'an ri*hts io"ations#

Stats '!st a"so %roid r%aration to icti's o& H!'an Ri*hts io"ations, s!ch as

co'%nsation &or da'a*s#>

Sri Lan+a is a"so ob"i*d !ndr h!'an ri*hts "a to %roid r%rod!cti, s!a" and'nta" ha"th srics, to icti's o& tort!r, s!a" assa!"t and othr &or's o& cr!",inh!'an and d*radin* trat'nt# $his has not ha%%nd#

4 /CCPR 6#A rs 2200A (QQ/), ?## Doc A:>81> (19>>), ntrd into &orc March 28, 19># Sri Lan+aaccdd to it on 11 7!n, 190#49 Conntion a*ainst $ort!r < 6#A#Rs 89:4>, ?##Doc# A:89:1, ntrd into &orc 7!n 2>, 19#Rati&id b. Sri Lan+a on Fbr!ar. 2, 1994#0 C-DA < ado%td Dc'br 1, 199, 6#A# rs 84:10, 84 6A=R S!%%# (o 4>) at 198, ?##Doc#

A:84:4>, ntrd into &orc S%t'br 8, 191, rati&id b. Sri Lan+a on =ctobr , 191#1 CRC < 6#A#rs# 44:2, ann, 44 ?##6A=R S!%%# (o 49) at 1>, ?##Doc#A:44:49 (199), ntrdinto &orc S%t# 2, 1990# Rati&id b. Sri Lan+a on 7!". 12, 1991#2 * Standard Mini'!' R!"s &or th $rat'nt o& Prisonrs, ado%td A!*#80, 19, b. th First?nitd ations Con*rss on th Prntion o& Cri' and th $rat'nt o& =&&ndrs, ?##Doc# A:C=F:>11, ann 1, -#S#C rs >>8C, 24 ?##-SC=R S!%%# (o 1) at 11 ?## Doc#-:804 (19),a'ndd -#S#C# rs#20>, >2 ?## -SC=R S!%%# (o#1) at 8, ?## Doc -:9 (19)8 /CCPR %rohibits tort!r and othr cr!", inh!'an, or d*radin* trat'nt (art#), and %rotctso'ns ri*ht to b &r &ro' discri'ination basd on s (art# 2(1) and 2>)#4 ? Dc"aration on th -"i'ination o& io"nc A*ainst o'n Dc'br 20, 1998, 6#A#r&# 4:104, 4?## 6A=R S!%%# (o# 49) at 21, ?## Doc#A:4:49 (1998)# S ? H!'an Ri*hts Co''itt, 6nra" Co''nt 81, at!r o& th 6nra" L*a" =b"i*ation onStats Partis to th Conant, ?## Doc# CCPR:21:R#1:Add#18 (2004), %ara#1#?%datd St o& Princi%"s &or th Protction and Pro'otion o& H!'an Ri*hts thro!*h Action to Co'bat

/'%!nit. (I/'%!nit. Princi%"sJ), ?##> ? H!'an Ri*hts Co''itt, 6nra" Co''nt 81, at!r o& th 6nra", L*a", =b"i*ation o&Stats Partis to th Conant, ?## Doc# CCPR:C:21:R#1:Add#18(2004), %ara 1>#

8




/n its Dc'br 2011, th Co''itt A*ainst $ort!r in its IConc"!din*=bsrations to Sri Lan+aJ statd;

I %s a matter of urgency# the ommittee calls upon the State party to take imme"iatean" effecti&e measures to in&estigate all acts of torture an" ill8treatment an" prosecute an" punish those responsible 'ith penalties that are consistent 'ith thegra&ity of their act.

It calls upon the State party to ensure that torture is not use" by la' enforcement personnel an" members of the military.

In a""ition to these measures# the State party shoul" unambiguously reaffirm theabsolute prohibition of torture an" publicly con"emn practices of torture#accompanie" by a clear 'arning that anyone committing such acts of other'isecomplicit or participating in torture 'ill be hel" personally responsible before the la'for such acts an" 'ill be sub3ect to criminal prosecution an" appropriate penalties-F ! #

/ntrnationa" H!'an Ri*hts La a"so %roids %rotction to indiid!a"s in c!stod.d!rin* an intrna" ar'd con&"ict# $hs inc"!d th ri*ht to b %ro'%t". noti&id o&th rasons &or arrst, to th %rs!'%tion o& innocnc, to b bro!*ht %ro'%t".b&or a !dicia" a!thorit. and b in&or'd o& an. cri'ina" char*s, to ha accss toCo!ns", and to co''!nicat and 't ith &a'i". ''brs# $his is not don in SriLan+a#

$hos dtaind on cri'ina" char*s '!st b %ro'%t". trid b&or a Co!rt that 'tsintrnationa" &air tria" standards, or b r"asd# $his is &ar &ro' hat ha%%ns in SriLan+a and th sit!ation is *ttin* ors#

$h /CCPR %r'its th s!s%nsion or rstriction (dro*ation) o& crtain d! %rocss

ri*hts d!rin* a stat o& 'r*nc.# Stats ha &r5!nt". 'is!sd 3stats o&'r*nc. as an c!s to dn. &!nda'nta" ri*hts# Accordin* to th ? H!'anRi*hts Co''itt, th %rt bod. that 'onitors Stat co'%"ianc ith th /CCPR,an. 'as!r o& dro*ation '!st b “limite" to the e7tent strictly re*uire" by thee7igencies of the situation! 9#

$h &!nda'nta" r5!ir'nts o& a &air tria" '!st a"a.s b rs%ctd in ordr to%rotct a*ainst tort!r, ra% and othr nondro*ab" ri*hts; Ithe right to take procee"ings before a ourt to enable the ourt to "eci"e 'ithout "elay on thela'fulness of "etention!

$h ar'd con&"ict btn th 6oSL and th L$$- has 't th critria o& a non

intrnationa" ar'd con&"ict !ndr th 1949 6na Conntions# $h 6oSL and thL$$- r bo!nd b. Co''on Artic" 8 hich a%%"is to intrna" ar'd con&"icts andc!sto'ar. intrnationa" h!'anitarian La#

$h Sri Lan+an *orn'nt has si*nd and rati&id a"" &o!r 6na Conntions o&1949 in 199# For th %!r%oss o& this %!b"ication it is on". th 4 th that is r"ant;

Conc"!din* =bsrations o& th Co''itt A*ainst $ort!r, Sri Lan+a, Dc'br , 2011, ? Doc CA$:C:L@A:C=:84

/CCPR, art 9 and 149 H!'an Ri*hts Co''itt, 6nra" Co''nt o#29; Stats o& -'r*nc. (artic" 4), ? Doc

CCPR:C:21:R#1:Add#11 (2001), r%rintd in Co'%i"ation o& 6nra" Co''nts and 6nra"Rco''ndations Ado%td b. H!'an Ri*hts $rat. Bod., ?#Doc HR/:6-:1:R#> at 1>(2008),%ara# 1>#

89




6na Conntion / For th Protction o& Cii"ians in ti's o& ar

$his Conntion sc!rs h!'an trat'nt o& %rsons in occ!%id trritor. andthos ho ha bn intrnd on s!s%icion o& ino"'nt in rsistanc 'o'nts#$hs %rsons ar ntit"d to rs%ct &or thir &a'i"., c!sto's and r"i*ion, ando'n ar *!arantd %rotction &ro' ra% and &orcd %rostit!tion#

Acts o& s!a" io"nc co''ittd as %art o& a ids%rad or s.st'atic attac+a*ainst cii"ians ar cri's a*ainst h!'anit. and sho!"d b %rosc!td as s!ch#

$h Protoco" Additiona" to th 6na Conntion o& A!*!st 12, 1949, r"atin* to thProtction o& icti's o& on/ntrnationa" Ar'd Con&"icts (Protoco" //), as notsi*nd b. Sri Lan+a b!t 'an. o& its %roisions ar rco*nisd as c!sto'ar./ntrnationa" La

/ntrnationa" H!'anitarian La

C!sto'ar. /ntrnationa" H!'anitarian "a has bn st o!t in th /ntrnationa"Co''itt o& th Rd Cross (/CRC)>0,

/ntrnationa" H!'anitarian La has "on* %rohibitd tort!r and cr!" or inh!'antrat'nt# As has bn 'ntiond, Co''on Artic" 8 to th 1949 6naConntion %rohibits Icruel treatment an" torture! and Ihumiliating an" "egra"ingtreatment! 6<

$hr&or, d!rin* th 2> .ar ar'd con&"ict hich ndd on 1 Ma. 2009, Sri Lan+aas ob"i*atd to abid b. intrnationa" h!'anitarian "a, hich r*!"ats thcond!ct o& hosti"itis and %rsons a&&ctd b. ar'd con&"icts, inc"!din* cii"ian and

ca%t!rd co'batants# Ra% and othr &or's o& s!a" io"nc ar %rohibitd#>2

In"rna"i.na0 Trib%na0'

/ntrnationa" $rib!na"s, %artic!"ar". th /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" $rib!na" &or th &or'rE!*os"aia, r!"d that *ra brachs a%%". not on". to intrnationa" con&"icts b!t tointrna" ar'd con&"icts# $hs %roisions ar considrd c!sto'ar. intrnationa""a, a""oin* ar cri's %rosc!tion b. th ?nitd ations or th /ntrnationa" Co!rto& 7!stic#

Ra+

As has bn statd, /ntrnationa" "a has bn s"o to rco*nis ra% as th arcri' it inariab". is hn in&"ictd ith i'%!nit. b. th ictorio!s ar'.# A"tho!*hc"ar". %rohibitd b. th b. 6na Conntion / (s abo), and as a &or' o&tort!r b. a"" h!'an ri*hts conntions, 3s%oi"s o& ar ra% as not ta+n srio!s".!nti" !d*'nt as handd don b. th $rib!na" &or E!*os"aia hich / ha !str&rrd to#

>0

C!sto'ar. /ntrnationa" H!'anitarian La (Ca'brid* ?nirsit. Prss, 200#>1 Co''on Artic" 8 to th 6na Conntion, 1(a) and (c)>2 C!sto'ar. /ntrnationa" H!'anitarian La, r!" 98, citin* Co''on Artic" 8, Protoco" //, art 4(2)

40




Stats ar thr&or !ndr c"ar intrnationa" "a to ns!r that 'i"itar. co''andrsand thos in char* o& th', hthr th. b 'i"itar. or cii"ians, ta+ a"" thncssar. st%s to %rnt and %!nish s!a" ab!s o& cii"ians# $hos ho do noti"" b cri'ina"". "iab" th's"s, as "" as th so"dirs ho co''it ra%# =n thno &ir'". stab"ishd 3Chain o& Co''and < th Ea'ashita %rinci%" < (hich / hadscribd in dtai" ar"ir), so i"" thos cii"ians * th %o"iticians and b!ra!cratsho contro" th Ar'd Forcs#

/& thr as an. do!bt, it as stt"d in $h /ntrnationa" Cri'ina" $rib!na" &orRanda (/C$R) in 199# /t dc"ard ra% as a ar cri'#

/ ha a"rad. da"t ith th 7anPa!" A+a.s! cas# H as char*d in th /C$R,&or not ta+in* th ncssar. st%s to sto% th atrocitis# H as conictd andsntncd to "i& i'%rison'nt on 2 =ctobr 199#

hat a"" ths 'an is that hn cri's o& s!a" io"nc ar co''ittd d!rin* anar'd con&"ict, th. can b %rosc!td as ar cri's# Stats ha an ob"i*ation to

insti*at a""*d ar cri's b. thir nationa"s, inc"!din* (indd, s%cia"".) b.''brs o& th ar'd &orcs and %o"ic, and %rosc!t thos rs%onsib">8

Acts o& s!a" io"nc co''ittd as %art o& a ids%rad or s.st'atic attac+a*ainst cii"ians ar cri's a*ainst h!'anit. and ha to b da"t ith as s!ch#

$o rstat this r. i'%ortant %oint, /ntrnationa" La has trid to r*!"at ars into a.s# /nitia"". b. rstrictin* th !sti&ication &or a*in* th' ( 3us a" bellum? and,hn th. &ai"d, b. %rscribin* r!"s &or cond!ctin* th' h!'an". >3us in bello <or/ntrnationa" H!'anitarian La)#

$h Ha*! Conntion (199, !%datd and %andd 190) as a'on* th &irst

&or'a" 3r!"s o& th Las o& ar# $his has bn io"atd b. a"'ost r. co!ntr.#

H!'anitarian La (1949) &o""od# $h tr' 3h!'anitarian "a i'%"is a 3h!'anar, hich is a contradiction in tr's# ars a"a.s s' 3!st to thos ho di&i*htin* &or th' or ar %r%ard to snd %o%" to di &i*htin*# Stats that arcii"id no!*h to abid b. ths Las ar !n"i+". to start th'# $hos ho arnot, and start ars, ar !n"i+". to abid b. hat arrin* %artis can and cannot doto %risonrs o& ar, and 'ost i'%ortant"., hat th. '!st do &or th %rotction o&nonco'batant cii"ians d!rin* th ar or in occ!%id trritoris#

Sri Lan+an ationa" La and th Constit!tion

$h La in Sri Lan+a %rohibits ra% and do'stic io"nc, b!t is not n&orcd# $h"a s%ci&ica"". addrsss s!a" ab!s and %"oitation, and contains %roision inra% cass &or an 5!itab" b!rdn o& %roo& and strin*nt %!nish'nt#

Sri Lan+as Constit!tion *!arants &!nda'nta" h!'an ri*hts, inc"!din* th ri*ht to"i&, "ibrt., th sc!rit. o& %rson, th ri*ht to a &air trai" and th %rohibition o& tort!r#

$hat said, th Constit!tion did not %rss". rco*nis th ri*ht to "i& ti"" 2008# $hishad si*ni&icant i'%"ications &or th %rohibition o& tort!r and othr cr!", inh!'an ord*radin* trat'nt or %!nish'nt# Hor, in 2008, th Sri Lan+an S!%r'Co!rt in&rrd th Ri*ht to Li& as &"oin* &ro' Artic" 8 (4) o& th Constit!tion hich%roids that Ino person shall be punishe" 'ith "eath or imprisonment e7cept by

>8

41




r"er of a competent ourt ma"e in accor"ance 'ith proce"ure establishe" byLa'!.

$h Constit!tion o& th D'ocratic Socia"ist R%!b"ic o& Sri Lan+a (19) %rohibitstort!r !ndr Cha%tr 8, artic" 11; “no person shall be sub3ecte" to torture or cruel#inhuman or "egra"ing treatment or punishment!.

Artic" 11 is an ntrnchd sa&*!ard and as s!ch can on". b a'ndd itha%%roa" o& a tothirds 'aorit. o& M'brs o& Par"ia'nt or b. a si'%" 'aorit. ina %!b"ic R&rnd!'#

-'r*nc. Proisions

/t is i'%ortant to *o into this sinc a n!'br o& srio!s h!'an ri*hts io"ations,inc"!din* ra% and tort!r, ha bn co''ittd !sin* th 3-'r*nc. Proisions#

-'r*nc. Proisions (-'r*nc. R*!"ations < -R) and th Prntion o&

$rroris' Act (P$A) ha bn in %"ac intr'ittnt". sinc 191# $h Sri Lan+anConstit!tion in Artic" 1, a!thoriss th Prsidnt to iss! -'r*nc. R*!"ations,a'ndin* or s!s%ndin* th o%ration o& an. La, c%t th %roisions o& thConstit!tion#

S!ch -'r*nc. Las and R*!"ations ha bn !sd to s!%rsd Constit!tiona"*!arants#

$h Constit!tion 'a+s th P!b"ic Sc!rit. =rdinanc (PS=) (introd!cd b. thBritish co"onia" a!thoritis in 194), %art o& Sri Lan+a La# Sction o& th PS='%ors th -c!ti to iss! -'r*nc. R*!"ations that 'a. a!thorisdtntion o& s!bcts itho!t char* or tria", a!thoris ntr., sarch and si!r o&

%ro%rt. a'nd an. "a(othr than th Constit!tion) or s!s%nd th o%ration andcrat s%cia" co!rts to %rosc!t o&&ndrs#

$h PS= and -Rs nactd b. ario!s Sri Lan+an *orn'nts ha bn id".criticisd b. nationa" and intrnationa" "*a" %rts &or contradictin* /ntrnationa"h!'an ri*hts standards and !ndr'inin* th ri*hts nshrind in Sri Lan+asConstit!tion#

-'r*nc. R*!"ations ha consistnt". diatd &ro' intrnationa" standards s!chas th /CCPR, and th Conntion a*ainst $ort!r# S%ci&ica"". -Rs ar in con&"ictith /CCPR;

Artic" > on th &rdo' &ro' arbitrar. d%riation o& "i&, Artic" on th %rohibition o& $ort!r and Cr!" and /nh!'an or D*radin*$rat'nt or P!nish'nt, Artic" 9(1) on th ri*ht o& "ibrt. and sc!rit. and th %rohibition o& arbitrar. arrstand dtntion, Artic" 9(2) on th ri*ht to b in&or'd o& th rasons &or ons arrst, Artic" 9(8) onth ri*ht to b %ro'%t". %rod!cd b&or a !d*, Artic" 9 (4) on th ri*ht to ta+ %rocdin*s b&or a Co!rt, Artic" 9 () on th ntit"in* o& a icti' o& a h!'an ri*hts io"ation to co'%nsation Artic" 14 on th ri*ht to a &air trai"#

42




hi" Sri Lan+a on sra" occasions s!b'ittd its dro*ation &ro' /CCR to th ?Scrtar. 6nra" !ndr Artic" 4, it has o&tn &ai"d to indicat th s%ci&ic %roision&ro' hich it has dro*atd and th rasons &or its dro*ation>4#

/n A!*!st 2011, ith '!ch &an&ar, th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt &ina"". "i&td th Stato& -'r*nc. b!t a"'ost i''diat". (A!*!st 29, 2011), Prsidnt MahindaRaa%a+sa introd!cd n r*!"ations !ndr th P$A# ?ndr ths n r*!"ations,a!thoritis can sti"" dtain s!s%cts itho!t char* &or !% to 80 da.s, %ndin*iss!anc o& dtntion !ndr th P$A or r'and b. a Ma*istrat>#

$h 6orn'nt %assd a n "a on 7an!ar. 2018, hich a""os Po"ic to ho"ds!s%cts &or !% to 4 ho!rs itho!t a arrant# $his is 'or than no!*h ti' &or ra%and tort!r to occ!r# $h icti' can b r"asd in 4 ho!rs and rarrstd

Prsons 'istratd !ndr -Rs or P$A ar !n"i+". to co' &orard and 'a+ ano&&icia" co'%"aint bca!s o& i''!nit. %roisions in ths "as# $h -Rs %roidi''!nit. &ro' %rosc!tion o& 6orn'nt o&&icia"s ho co''it ron*&!" acts hn

th. i'%"'nt th r*!"ations# L*a" %rocdin*s ar %rohibitd i& an o&&icia" actd“in goo" faith an" in the "ischarge of his official "uties! and %rosc!tors and Co!rtsintr%rt this "an*!a* broad".>>#

A Prsidntia" dircti to th Sc!rit. Forcs, initia"". %!b"ishd in 7!". 200>, andrcirc!"atd in A%ri" 200, instr!ctd th Sc!rit. Forcs to rs%ct basic h!'anri*hts# $hos dirctis s%ci&. Sc!rit. Forcs ob"i*ation, inc"!din* %roidin*s!s%cts o& th rasons &or arrst, idnti&.in* th's"s hi" carr.in* o!t tharrst and a""oin* arrstd %rsons to in&or' &a'i". ''brs o& thir hrabo!ts#$h dirctis a"so instr!ct th Sc!rit. Forcs to in&or' th ationa" H!'an Ri*htsCo!nci" (HRC) ithin 4 ho!rs o& an. arrst and a""o th Co''ission !ni'%ddaccss to a"" dtains#>

$h Scrtar. o& D&nc (6otaba.a Raa%a+sa, th Prsidnts brothr) rcirc!"atdth Prsidntia" dircti on %rotctin* F!nda'nta" Ri*hts o& Prsons Arrstdand:or Dtaind>#

Hor it is id". +non in Sri Lan+a and abroad>9 that ths dirctis r'ainon". on %a%r < ith no "*a" &orc and no %na"tis &or nonco'%"ianc#0

$h 6orn'nt has r&or'd Sri Lan+as ra% "as to bttr addrss th ra% o&dtains# B*innin* in 199, th 6orn'nt %!t in %"ac a "*a" &ra'or+ hichin %rinci%", sho!"d ha a""od 'or &&cti %rosc!tion o& a""*d ra%ists#

>4 Asian Cntr &or H!'an Ri*hts, $he State of i&il an" 4olitical Rights in Sri Lanka (?nirsit. o&Michi*an Prss 2008 ?SA)

> IPrntion o& $rroris' (dtains and r'ands) R*!"ation o 4 o& 2011J, $h Prntion($'%orar. Proision) Act o 4, o& 199# Rad ith %ara*ra%h 2 o& Artic" 44 o& th Constit!tion,nothin* in &act chan*d# /t as 3b!sinss as !s!a"#>> -'r*nc. (Prntion and Prohibition o& $rroris' and S%ci&id $rrorist Actiitis) R*!"ation o o& 200>, art# 1 a si'i"ar %roision is &o!nd in P$A art 2>>

> Stat'nt b. th Ministr. o& D&nc, P!b"ic Sc!rit., La and =rdr, A%ri" 2, 200 <htt%;::#d&nc#"+:n#as%&na'N200042K02>9 /ntrnationa" Crisis 6ro!% ISri Lan+as H!'an ri*hts CrisisJ Asia R%ort o 18, 7!n 14, 200 <

htt%;::#crisis*ro!%#or*:Z:'dia:Fi"s:asia:so!th#asia:sri"an+a:18KsriK"an+aKsKh!'anri*htsKcrisis#ash#0

48




A'on* th chan*s to th %na" cod as th inc"!sion o& a n %roision (sction8>4 (2)) rco*nisin* th %hno'na o& ra% in c!stod. and *an* ra% as actsconstit!tin* *ra cri's# $h 'ini'!' and 'ai'!' %!nish'nt &or ra% inc!stod. as a &or' o& a**raatd ra% is 10 .ars and 20 .ars i'%rison'nt,rs%cti".#1

W)a" Sri Lan6a )a' n." .n

1# Sri Lan+a has not si*nd th stron*". nco!ra* th Sri Lan+an *orn'ntto si*n th ? Dc"aration o& Co''it'nt to -nd S!a" io"nc in Con&"ict#

2# Sri Lan+a has not si*nd th Ro' Stat!t, stab"ishd to nd i'%!nit. &orth %r%trators o& th 'ost srio!s cri's that ar o& concrn to thintrnationa" co''!nit.#

8# $h ? 6nra" Ass'b". Rso"!tion 2>8 sssion 4 had to =%tiona" Protoco"s;

1# =n th ino"'nt o& chi"drn in ar'd con&"ict# $hat as %ro'%t". si*nd#2# =n th sa" o& chi"drn, chi"d %rostit!tion and chi"d %orno*ra%h.# $hat asnot si*nd# Sri Lan+a c"ar". 3nds chi"drn &or %rostit!tion to 3sricth to!rist trad# / ha da"t ith this in so' dtai" "atr#

8i.0a"i.n' by Sri Lan6a

hn s!a" io"nc is co''ittd as %art o& Ar'd con&"ict, th. can b %rosc!tdas ar cri's# Stats ha an ob"i*ation to insti*at a""*d ar cri's b. thirnationa"s, inc"!din* ''brs o& th Ar'd Forcs and Po"ic, and %rosc!t thosrs%onsib"#

$h ob"i*ation o& Stats to %rosc!t srio!s brachs o& /ntrnationa" H!'anitarianLa is o!t"ind in ach o& th 6na Conntions and in /CRC C!sto'ar./ntrnationa" H!'anitarian La#2

$h Sri Lan+an 6orn'nt has io"atd r. on o& th /ntrnationa" Conntionsit has si*nd, H!'anitarian La and n its on Las and Constit!tion#

$h 80,000 $a'i" 'n, o'n and chi"drn "oc+d !% in raorir &ncd ca'%sb. th 6oSL r, in a sns, 3%risonrs o& ar (hr ra% b. th Ar'd Forcsas co''on)# $h 800,000 $a'i"s r"asd to ho's that no "on*r ist in thorth and -ast, no r!n b. th 'i"itar., "i in an 3occ!%id trritor. hr ra% andab!s b. th 'i"itar. is a dai". occ!rrnc#

$his dos not 'an that th H!'anitarian La and its Conntions ar !s"ss i&th. can b &"o!td# $h. do st standards, th brach o& hich i"" b a %ro%a*andaind&a"" &or th o%%osin* sid# $h %art. that i*nors th' do so at its %ri" bca!sno ith idos, dds and t"ision, ths o!tra*s i"" %!t %rss!r on %o"iticians3to do so'thin*, b. a. o& intrntion#

/n this a. th co""cti an*r o& ordinar. %o%" in distant co!ntris can rs!"t in3&orcin* a r"!ctant ? to intrn, or n &or h!'anitarian intrntion itho!ts%ci&ic ? a%%roa", i& th. ar r*!"ar". and s.st'atica"". &"o!td#1 Pna" Cod (A'nd'nt) Act o#22 o& 199 and 29 o& 199 th Cod o& Cri'ina" Procd!r

(A'nd'nt) Act, o 2 o& 199 th 7!dicat!r (A'nd'nt) Act o 2 o& 199 and th -idnc(S%cia" Proisions) Act o& 1999#2 R!" 1

44




$his is h. it is so i'%ortant &or th (?@) Chann" 4 idos Sri Lanka’s killing fiel"s#Sri Lanka. War rimes unpunishe"# and th 'ost rcnt, 1o 2ire Oone. illing 2iel"sof Sri Lanka (r"asd [9 Fbr!ar. 2018), to b shon as id". as %ossib", and aso&tn as %ossib"# /t shos $a'i" o'n and *ir"s, b"ind&o"dd and bo!nd, bin*c!td b. th Sri Lan+an 'i"itar., and co''nts b. th so"dirs ho rcorddths 3ar tro%his hich stron*". s!**std that th. had bn ra%d b&or th.r c!td#

/n th dds / ha rcordd o& th atrocitis, / as %rss!rd to r'o a scnhich shod a .ar o"d *ir" ra%d b. th Ar'd Forcs, and hr 9 .ar o"dbrothr *!ttd and han*d# / as to"d that this o!"d 3b !nacc%tab" &or %!b"icdis%"a.# / &oo"ish". ithdr this and sra" othr si'i"ar scns hn '. rs%onssho!"d ha bn that th %!r%os o& th dds r to shoc+ th or"d and that i& itis acc%tab" &or th Sri Lan+an 'i"itar. to do s!ch thin*s, it '!st a"so b acc%tab"&or th or"d to s this#

($h o'an as ra%d b&or bin* +i""d# A

bad* s!ch as thos orn b. =&&icrs o& th Ar'd Forcs as &o!nd on th *ro!nd)

T) $%rrn" +r.b0(

$h ntir %rob"' is d! to &o!r &actors;

1# $h 6oSL and its Ar'd Forcs (9 Sinha"s), b"iin* that th $a'i"%o%" ar th 3icti's o& ar, to b !sd or ab!sd#

2# $h Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs r!nnin* th $a'i" aras < bhain* "i+ an Ar'. o& =cc!%ation ith no acco!ntabi"it.#

8# $h co""a%s o& La and =rdr, and n th !dicia" s.st'# Hood"!'sand th!*s do as th. %"as, ith no 5!stions as+d and ith n "ssaction b. th 6orn'nt to contro" th'#

4# $h c"!sion o& intrnationa"". crdib" h!'an ri*hts *ro!%s, ind%ndntobsrrs and th 'dia &ro' th ara b. th 6oSL#

$h 6na Conntions a%%". to con&"icts btn nations# $h Sri Lan+an con&"ictis btn to nations, th Sinha"s nation and th $a'i" nation# $hos ho

4




cha""n* this (!s!a"". th Sinha"s str!**"in* to d&nd th ind&nsib" actions o&th 6orn'nt), sho!"d b r'indd that n i& thir contntion is corrct (that it isa con&"ict in on nation), th 6nocid Conntion sti"" a%%"is#

Co''on Artic" 8 r"ats to nonintrnationa" con&"icts Icontaine" 'ithin theboun"aries of a single country!. Modrn ar&ar contin!s to o", and th "insbtn co'batants and cii"ians ar b"!rrd * Sri Lan+a (S!dan and Co"!'bia)#Co''on Artic" 8 da"s ith ths sit!ations, s!%%"'ntd b. Protoco" 2 (19)#

$hs st o!t 'ini'a" "*a" standards that '!st b &o""od &or intrna" con&"icts# H%(an Ri1)"' in Sri Lan6a

Dnia" o& th 3Ri*ht to Li&# $ort!r and Ra%, ar a'on* th 'ost srio!s io"ationso& h!'an ri*hts# $his is o& no concrn to th 6oSL that considrs h!'an ri*hts anirr"ant iss!, an a"in conc%t and a 'ans that strn co!ntis !s to 3%!nishth Sri Lan+an *orn'nt# $h Sri Lan+an *orn'nt i is not h"d b. 'an.

cii"isd co!ntris#

ictor /an, on o& Sri Lan+as 'ost rs%ctd o!rna"ists, a Sinha"s, had this tosa. in his boo+, $he Pueen of ;eceit:

“I ha&e ne&er consi"ere" Sri Lanka to be a particularly ci&iliMe" country. It hasinstea" appeare" to me to be a particularly immoral country# 'hose lea"ersembo"ie" ini*uity an" baseness!

=& a"" s!ch 3"adrs th co!ntr. has r had, th c!rrnt on, Mahinda Raa%a+saand his a""%or&!" (!n"ctd) brothr, 6otaba.a, '!st b, b. &ar, th orst# $hrs!"t is that th ab!s o& h!'an ri*hts, 'ass '!rdr, tort!r and ra%, ha hit n

hi*hts# $his is o& srio!s concrn, as is th dis'ant"in* o& d'ocrac. and itsr%"ac'nt b. a!thoritarianis', and th co!ntr. ra%id". s"idin* into a $ota"itarianStat !ndr on &a'i"., th Raa%a+sas#

/rrs%cti o& hat th 6oSL thin+s abo!t h!'an ri*hts, thos o& !s ho b"ithat '!st b %rotctd, '!st con&ront th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt on ths iss!s#

T.r"%r is %rohibitd abso"!t".# Artic" o& th ?nirsa" Dc"aration;

I1o one shall be sub3ecte" to torture or cruel or "egra"ing treatment or punishment!

/n intrnationa" "a, it has o"d into a 3us cogens %rohibition (a %rinci%" or nor'

&ro' hich dro*ation is not %r'ittd), hich r. Stat has a d!t. to thintrnationa" co''!nit. to o!t"a and to %!nish# Ra% is torture or cruel or"egra"ing treatment , and hnc %rohibitd b. Artic" o& th ?nirsa" Dc"aration#

Antitort!r "*is"ation ca' into &orc in Sri Lan+a in 1994# Hor, it is id".i*nord ith on". 8 conictions &or tort!r ds%it h!ndrds, i& not tho!sands, o& ""doc!'ntd cass sinc th "*is"ation ca' into &orc#

Ra+2 Ra% is cri'ina"isd !ndr Sction 8>8 o& th Sri Lan+an Pna" Cod# SriLan+a has a"so si*nd th ?nirsa" Dc"aration o& H!'an Ri*hts, and th 4 th

6na Conntion, o& 194#

4>




/n addition, thr is a s%ci&ic Conntion, I2or the 4rotection of ci&ilian 4ersons intimes of War!. $his Conntion *!arants %rotction &ro' ra% and &orcd%rostit!tion#

/& th 6oSL ar*!s that thr is no "on*r a 3ar, and thr&or th 6naConntions do not a%%"., it '!st b cha""n*d# $h Sri Lan+an *orn'nt is sti""at ar, not ith th $a'i" $i*r 'i"itants, b!t ith th $a'i" %o%" in th orth and-ast#

$h ra% o& $a'i" o'n and *ir"s, and n o& $a'i" 'n and bo.s, b. th SriLan+an Ar'd Forcs, occ!rrd not on". d!rin* th ar, b!t a"so in th3concntration ca'%s ("a!*hab". ca""d 3"&ar i""a*s b. th 6oSL) hr so'80,000 $a'i" 'n, o'n and chi"drn ho s!rid th 'assacr r ro!ndd!% and h"d bhind raorir &ncd ca'%s r!n b. th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs#

=& srio!s concrn is that this *ross io"ation o& h!'an ri*hts has *on on, inddhas sca"atd, sinc th nd o& th &i*htin*, and a&tr 'ost o& th dtains r

r"asd &ro' th ca'%s#

$h. r r"asd to a hai". 'i"itarisd, dastatd "and (th orth and th -ast)ith irt!a"". nothin*# /t has bn r%ortd that th. r *in si %o"s, a tar%a!"inand to tin shts and as+d to b!i"d th's"s a ho'# /t as bar". %ossib" torct a sh"tr that co!"d +% o!t th rain, "t a"on ''brs o& th 'i"itar.# ith'ost o& th &a'i"is hadd b. &'a"s (th 'a"s hain* bn +i""d or "oc+d !%),hat %rotction th &a'i". 'i*ht ha had &ro' a 'a", is not thr# $o ha o'nand chi"drn in acco''odation hich cannot b sc!rd, and an !ndisci%"ind'i"itar. ho co!"d do hat th. ant ith no acco!ntabi"it., is a rci% &or ra%#?ns!r%risin*"., ra% is at %id'ic ""s#

7a&&na in th orth, onc th c!"t!ra" ca%ita" o& th $a'i"s, has bco' th 3ra%ca%ita" o& Sri Lan+a# $o sa. that it is 'i"itarisd and a 3%o"ic stat is an!ndrstat'nt# $hr is on ''br o& th 'i"itar. &or r. 8 cii"ians#

/n addition to th Conntions a"rad. citd, thr ar to 'or that s%ci&ica"".%rotct o'n and chi"drn#

T) C.n&n"i.n .n ") E0i(ina"i.n ./ A00 F.r(' ./ Di'$ri(ina"i.n a1ain'"W.(n (191), rati&id b. 'ost co!ntris#

$his Conntion, to*thr ith th 4 th 6na Conntion and th rco*nition o&ra% as a &or' o& tort!r b. a"" h!'an ri*hts Conntions, 'a+s ra% a ar cri'#

T) C.n&n"i.n .n ") Ri1)"' ./ ") C)i0 (199)

IIn all actions concerning chil"ren# 'hether un"ertaken by public or pri&ate social'elfare institutions# courts of la'# a"ministrati&e authorities or legislati&e or"ers# thebest interests of the chil" shall be a primary consi"erate! For th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs and thos ho or+ ith th' to ra% chi"drn canhard". b in Ithe best interests of the chil"!. or is th &orcd s%aration o& chi"drn&ro' thir %arnts or thos ho car &or th', hich is bin* don in Sri Lan+a, and&or that 'attr, in A!stra"ia in its dis*rac&!" hand"in* o& $a'i" (and othr) as."!'s+rs# $h 6oSL has ta+n $a'i" (Hind!) chi"drn &ro' or%hana*s in th orthand snt th' to th Sinha"s So!th, inc"!din* B!ddhist t'%"s or ho's r!n b.Sinha"s B!ddhists# $his s%aration &ro' $a'i" c!"t!r, "an*!a* and r"i*ion

4




cannot b in 3th bst intrsts o& th chi"d# /t is a io"ation o& th Ri*hts o& th Chi"d#$hr is a"so idnc that ths chi"drn ar bin* ab!sd b. thos to ho' th.ar snt, inc"!din* B!ddhist t'%"s or ho's r!n b. th'#

$hr is a %oint o& intrst in th Conntion on th Ri*hts o& th Chi"d# $hr arto =%tiona" Protoco"s#

=n is th Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed

conflict. $hat as %ro'%t". si*nd b. th 6oSL, (hich did not %rnt it bin*srio!s". io"atd b. th 6oSL)#

$h othr is th =%tiona" Protoco" on th sa" o& chi"drn, chi"d %rostit!tion and chi"d%orno*ra%h. $hat Protoco" as not n si*nd b. th 6oSL# $h rason as that ito!"d srio!s". a&&ct th to!rist trad hr so' to!rists 3nd s!ch 3srics# /tis sti'atd that thr ar at "ast 20,000 chi"drn or+in* as do'stic srants (tob !sd and ab!sd b. thir 3'astrs), or as chi"d %rostit!ts in th to!rist ind!str.#

$hr ar &, i& an., ho ha ta+n this !% ith th 6oSL hn it c"ai's to bconcrnd abo!t th Ri*hts o& th Chi"d#

T) Gr.%n 'i"%a"i.n in ") Ta(i0 N.r") an Ea'"

/t is not %ossib" to a%%rciat th %rob"' o& ra%, or hat can b don abo!t it,itho!t an !ndrstandin* o& th *ro!nd sit!ation d!rin* th ar (ith intrnationa"obsrrs and h!'an ri*hts *ro!%s c"!dd &ro' th ara b. th 6oSL), thsit!ation in th ca'%s r!n b. th 'i"itar., and no, in th ($a'i") orth and th -ast*nra"". hich is do'inatd in r. %ossib" a. b. th (Sinha"s) Ar'd Forcsand Po"ic# As has bn 'ntiond, intrnationa" obsrrs and crdib" h!'anri*hts *ro!%s ar sti"" c"!dd &ro' th ara#

1# $h contin!in* c"!sion o& h!'an ri*hts obsrrs

A"" intrnationa" h!'anitarian and h!'an ri*hts or*anisations and obsrrs r%""d b. th 6oSL &ro' th orth and -ast in S%t'br 200# $h. r'ainc"!dd, ds%it th nd o& th ar'd con&"ict in Ma. 2009# $h 6oSL has *in norason, not n a bo*!s rason, &or this# /t dos not thin+ it ncssar. to do so#

hat as cond!ctd b. th 6oSL as a *nocida" ar itho!t itnsss# hat isbin* cond!ctd toda. is a srio!s io"ation o& h!'an ri*hts o& th $a'i" %o%"itho!t itnsss#

$h Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs (99 Sinha"s), and Po"ic (9 Sinha"s), can dohat th. ant to th $a'i" (and M!s"i') %o%", ith abso"!t i'%!nit.# Ra% ison". a %art, a"bit an i'%ortant %art, o& th s%ctr!' o& h!'an ri*hts that is bin*io"atd bhind th c"osd and cnsord doors o& Sri Lan+a# o &ori*n *orn'nthas d'andd an %"anation &or this#

2# A 'i"itar. Stat#

$h Sri Lan+an Mi"itar. (orh"'in*". 'a"s and Sinha"s), contro" r. as%cto& cii"ian "i& in this $a'i" ara# $ho!sands o& &a'i"is ar hadd b. &'a"s, th'a"s hain* bn +i""d, "oc+d !% or dtaind in ca'%s (to this r. da.)# $h

co'bination o& a thoro!*h". !ndisci%"ind 'i"itar. ith abso"!t %or and a "ar*n!'br o& !"nrab" &'a"s in insc!r %"acs (s b"o), to b 3!sd and

4




ab!sd ith no acco!ntabi"it., is a rci% &or ra% and th ab!s o& h!'an ri*hts#?ns!r%risin*"., ra% has rachd %id'ic ""s#

/n 7!n 2012, th ?HCR r%ort on /DPs statd that thr as a *nra"id snso& insc!rit. in th north and ast, s%cia"". a'on* o'n, ho hadd or a5!artr o& ho!sho"ds in th orthrn Proinc# $h r%ort a"so statd that a"'ost >0%rcnt o& /DPs intrid "id ithin a 'i" o& an ar'. ca'%#

8# $ort!r and Ra%

$ort!r and othr i""trat'nt o& dtains, and n ''brs o& th %!b"ic ho *oith thir co'%"aints to th Ar'. or th Po"ic is an ongoing %rob"' in Sri Lan+a, in%artic!"ar in th $a'i" aras# -r. +non 'thod o& tort!r is bin* !sd to &orccon&ssions, to act as a dtrrnt to co'%"aints, as a d'onstration o& abso"!t%or, and, in so' instancs, !st 3&or th &!n o& it#

An intrnationa" bod., Co''itt a*ainst $ort!r (CA$), has a %riodic ri o& th

/'%"'ntation o& th Conntion a*ainst $ort!r and =thr Cr!", /nh!'an ord*radin* $rat'nt and P!nish'nt# /n =ctobr 2011, A'nst. /ntrnationa"s!b'ittd its concrns, Sri Lanka: riefing to ommittee against $ortureF=# adastatin* 80%a* doc!'nt# As s!ch, / do not nd to da" ith it hr#

$h isib" idnc o& this as sn in th (?@) Chann" 4 s illing 2iel"s ofSri Lanka. A $a'i" .o!th as tid to a tr and s"icd ith a %n+ni&, s"ic b. s"icti"" h did# /& th obct i& th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs as to +i"" th .o!th, h co!"dha bn shot# $h. %r&rrd to s"ic hi'#

$h sa' ido shos !nar'd bo!nd $a'i" *ir"s c!td# $h co''nts (inSinha"s) indicatd that th. had bn ra%d b&or th. r +i""d# =& n

*ratr concrn as hat / as to"d b. so' ho sca%d (and ar no in dtntioncntrs in A!stra"ia) and r itnsss to a"" this, that so' o& th o'n rc!td and thn ra%d b. th Ar'd Forcs#

$h 3Situation Report: 1orth an" (ast Sri Lanka! tab"d in th Sri Lan+an Par"ia'nton 21 =ctobr 2011 b. $a'i" ''brs o& %ar"ia'nt, has this to sa.;

/Se7ual &iolence E Bost "isturbing are the increasing number of se7ual assaultscarrie" out against 'omen an" girls in the affna# Bullaiti&u an" ilinochchi "istricts#by go&ernment officials an" the military. $he brutality 'ith 'hich these assaults arecarrie" out is especially "isturbing.!

hat is o& srio!s concrn is that it is th %r%trators o& ths cri's that ar nobin* stt"d in th $a'i" aras b. th 6oSL#

A &!rthr %oint o& concrn is that th ario!s %rocts in th $a'i" orth and -ast arbin* handd or to Sinha"s contractors &ro' th So!th ho brin* thir on(Sinha"s) or+ &orc (o&tn !n'%"o.d Sinha"s .o!ths)#

$h R%ort r&rrd to4 has this to sa.;

“$he labour force generally stays near the site ne7t to the >$amil? &illages an" has pro&en to be a threat of molestation an" harassment to local >$amil? 'omen an"

8 ASA 8:01:20114 Situation Report: 1orth an" (ast Sri Lanka. +< ctober +,<< < tab"d in th Sri Lan+an Par"ia'nt

49




girls. Reports also in"icate that 'hen such complaints of harassment an"molestation are ma"e the complainants are often threatene" an" sometimes abuse"by the military personnel concerne". $here are also reports of complaints to the police being generally met 'ith inaction 'hen the allege" perpetrators are eithersecurity forces or labourers or 'orkmen from the South!.

4# Forcd Contrac%tion and Stri"isation o& $a'i" o'n and *ir"s $his is srio!s %rob"', &or hich thr no is d&init idnc, a"tho!*h it hasbn +non &or so' ti'# $hr is c"ar idnc o& io"ations o& o'nsr%rod!cti ri*hts in th $a'i" orth#

For so' ti' thr ha bn r%orts o& th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt sndin* ha"thor+rs to i""a*s in th orth as+in* o'n to brin* thir chi"drn to 'dica"c"inics 3to b i*hd and chc+d# $rans%ort as %roidd#

hn th. arrid, th. *ot a "ot 'or than a chc+ o& thir babis# $h. r

o&&rd stri"isation# $hos ho r&!sd r to"d that i& th. did, thir chi"drn o!"dnot b tratd in that c"inic in th &!t!r#

$hos ho said that th. o!"d ha to as thir h!sbands r to"d that i& thirh!sbands o%%osd it, th. (th h!sbands) o!"d b stri"isd#

I$he Social %rchitects! >$S%? ar a *ro!% o& ritrs, int""ct!a"s and %ro&ssiona"sho s+ to %roid in&or'ation on a ran* o& to%ics r"atd to Sri Lan+a# $h. rit!ndr th %s!don.' I$h Socia" ArchitctsJ bca!s o& th ris+ o& rta"iationa*ainst thos ho s%a+ o!t a*ainst th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt#

/n ar". S%t'br 2018, actiists in @i"inochchi in th orth, discord that %!b"ic

ha"th or+rs had ad'inistrd a s!bdr'a" contrac%ti dic, 7ad"", too'n &ro' th rai", @ranchi and a"aid%%! i""a*s in th orth d!rin* a3n!trition c"inic# $his as itho!t in&or'd consnt &ro' th o'n#

$SA dcidd to do a &i"d tri% to th thr aras 'ntiond and a"so to?'ai.a"%!ra' and Ma"ai.a"a%!ra' hr /ntrna"". Dis%"acd Po%" (/DP) hadb*!n to rb!i"d thir %ostar "is# $h. intrid 2 o'n &ro' a*s 148,''brs o& th Sri Lan+an Ministr. o& Ha"th, @i"inochchi, &i"d ha"th or+rs andco''!nit. "adrs# $h. r !ndr constant 'i"itar. s!ri""anc thro!*ho!t thtri%#

$h. con&ir'd that %!b"ic ha"th or+rs !sd corci tactics to coninc o'n

to acc%t 7ad"" i'%"ants#

htt%;::*ro!ndis#or*:2018:10:11:aboth"aio"ationso&o'nsr%rod!ctiri*htsinnorthrnsri"an+a:

0

7ad""i'%"ants inar'




/n o'br 2012, a 2> .ar o"d $a'i" o'an in @i"inchchi did 10 +s a&tr thad'inistration o& th contrac%ti# S!bs5!nt tsts shod that th o'an asto 'onths %r*nant at th ti' o& th i'%"ant#

$his is an *r*io!s disr*ard &or 'dica" thics and constit!ts a srio!s io"ationo& a o'ans ri*ht to in&or'd consnt, r%rod!cti a!tono'. and ha"th#

$h or"d Ha"th =r*anisation (H=) and th /ntrnationa" Con&rnc onPo%!"ation D"o%'nt (/CPD) c"ar". d&ins r%rod!cti ri*hts as Itherecognition of the basic right of all couples an" in"i&i"uals to "eci"e freely an"responsibly the number# spacing an" timing of their chil"ren an" to ha&e theinformation an" means to "o so# an" the right to attain the highest stan"ar" of se7ualan" repro"ucti&e health. $hey inclu"e the right of all to make "ecisions concerningrepro"uction free of "iscrimination# coercion an" &iolence!. $h c"ar intntion o& th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt, that is rs%onsib" &or a"" this, is to

c"a'% don on th births o& $a'i" chi"drn < %art o& a idr intntion o& co''ittin*6nocid o& th $a'i"s#

/t is s!ch i""*a" actiitis b. th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt that %"ains h.intrnationa"". rco*nisd h!'an ri*hts *ro!%s s!ch as A'nst. /ntrnationa",H!'an Ri*hts atch and /ntrnationa" Crisis 6ro!%, ha bn bannd &ro' isitin*this ara# $hr is si'%". too '!ch to hid#

# Dstr!ction o& $a'i" cii"ian %ro%rt.

$h 6oSL not on". cr!shd th $a'i" $i*r 'i"itants, b!t s"a!*htrd th $a'i" people in th orth and -ast and dstro.d thir ho's, b!sinsss, schoo"s, and

th ntir in&rastr!ct!r in th ara#

$his is a &"a*rant io"ation o& H!'anitarian La as s%ci&id in th 4 th 6naConntion that / ha a"rad. da"t ith# $h Sri Lan+an *orn'nt (not th $a'i"$i*rs) has si*nd ths Conntions# $his dos not 'an that ar'd 'i"itant &orcs(s!ch as $a'i" $i*rs) can do hat th. ant, b!t th Sri Lan+an 6orn'nt (andits Ar'd Forcs) has a s%cia" rs%onsibi"it. to %rotct cii"ians# $hat as 'ostcrtain". not don, indd th o%%osit#

ors sti"", a&tr th &i*htin* as or, and th $a'i" $i*rs cr!shd (19 Ma. 2009),th 6oSL Ar'd Forcs nt on to b!""do hatr as "&t standin*, inc"!din*$a'i" ho's# $h rs!"t as an ara that as "itra"". &"attnd#

># 3Concntration ca'%s

$hos ho s!rid th s"a!*htr (so' 80,000 cii"ians), r ro!ndd !% and%!t in 3concntration ca'%s &ncd b. raorir and *!ardd b. th Sinha"s'i"itar.# $h. r a'!sin*". ca""d 3"&ar i""a*s b. th 6oSL# $hr isdoc!'ntd ra% o& $a'i" o'n and *ir"s in ths ca'%s b. th Ar'd Forcs#So' o& thos ho *ot %r*nant r abortd in 6orn'nt hos%ita"s#

$hr ar c"ai's that so' &'a"s in th Mani+ Far' ca'%s r &orcib".stri"isd, %rs!'ab". to b 3!sd a*ain itho!t th &ar o& *ttin* th' %r*nant#

1




$hr is no a id". h"d b"i& that &ood %rod!cts so"d b. th Ar'. "&ar storsar 'id ith dr!*s that co!"d ca!s stri"it.# $hat is *nocid#

$h 6oSL i"", o& co!rs, dn. ths b!t ith th ""doc!'ntd rcord o&abso"!t "is co'in* &ro' th 6orn'nt, s!ch dnia"s si'%". cannot b acc%td# $hs srio!s cri's a*ainst h!'anit. '!st b insti*atd b. ind%ndntintrnationa" insti*ators, not b. th 6oSL hos o&&icia"s and '%"o.s ha acas to ansr#

# R"asd, b!t not to thir ho's

Facin* 'o!ntin* intrnationa" %rss!r, th 6oSL r"asd 'ost, b!t not a"", o& thdtains# $h 6orn'nts on &i*!r (1 st 7!". 2011), 2,4>> %o%" had bn3rt!rnd or 3rstt"d &ro' ths ca'%s, "ain* so' 12,>00 %o%" sti"" in thsca'%s#

hat th 6orn'nt c"ai's do not ra" is that or 200,000 %o%" ho habn rt!rnd or rstt"d in th orth and -ast, ha not bn rt!rnd to thir%"acs o& ori*in# $h. contin! in 3transit ca'%s or ha bn co'%""d to ta+sh"tr ith host &a'i"is# $h. ar !nab" to rt!rn to thir ho's as "ar* aras i&"and ha bn ta+n or b. th 'i"itar. &or 'i"itar. ca'%s or as hoc IHi*h Sc!rit.XonsJ#

$ho!sands o& &a'i"is !nab" to rt!rn to thir ho's, "i in ca'%s itho!t th 'ostbasic &aci"itis#

# /nsc!r sh"trs

$hos ho ha bn r"asd ha bn *in si %o"s, a tar%a!"in and to tinshts ith hich th. ar %ctd to 'a+ a 3ho'# ith this 'atria" it is bar".%ossib" to constr!ct a sh"tr to +% o!t th rain, and crtain". not s!&&icint to +%o!t (Sinha"s) so"dirs and or+'n bro!*ht &ro' th Sinha"s So!th ho ar"itra"". sar'in* in th ara# S'a"" ondr that ra% o& $a'i" o'n and *ir"s is a'aor %rob"'#

3Ho!ss &or th $a'i"s in th O- Ho!ss &or th Sinha"s in th O-

9# -cono'ic &actors contrib!tin* to &orcd %rostit!tion

2




$h Sri Lan+an *orn'nt considrs h!'an ri*hts an irr"ant iss! and on". ta"+sabo!t 3d"o%'nt# $h conc%t o& 3d"o%'nt dos not inc"!d th h!'anri*hts o& th $a'i" %o%" in th ara# =n th contrar., th 3d"o%'nt o& th orthand -ast has rs!"td in a si*ni&icant incras in th io"ation o& h!'an ri*hts o& th%o%" 'ost in nd o& %rotction and hr th d"o%'nt o& that hich has bndstro.d sho!"d ha bn a %riorit.#

D"o%'nt is r. d&init". occ!rrin* in th $a'i" orth and -ast b!t a"" ths%rocts ha bn &or th 3d"o%'nt o& th 'i"itar., s%cia"". cono'ica""., andSinha"s bro!*ht &ro' th So!th to or+ on ths %rocts or n !ndrta+ th'#$h "oca" $a'i" %o%" ar ithr "&t o!t o& a"" this or acti". discri'inatd a*ainst insra" aras hich ha bn thir traditiona" 'ans o& s!ria" < &ishin* anda*ric!"t!r# Sinha"s &ishr'n bro!*ht to th ara b. th 6orn'nt nco!ra*dto *o thr, ar bin* *in &inancia" incntis that ar not a&&ordd to th "oca"($a'i"s)#

$h rs!"t is not on". %h.sica" insc!rit. b!t cono'ic insc!rit.# $his has rs!"td in

&orcd %rostit!tion as a 'ans o& s!ria"# $his is a io"ation o& th 4th

6naConntion, si*nd b. Sri Lan+a, hich, as / ha statd ar"ir, *!arants%rotction &ro' ra% and &orcd %rostit!tion#

IS!ria" sJ

$hr ar incrasin* r%orts o& th %ra"nc o& Is!ria" s,J hr !"nrab"o'n n*a* in s!a" acts &or 'ontar. and othr +inds o& s!%%ort andco'%nsation, s%cia"". &ro' th Ar'd Forcs and Po"ic#

$h Sri Lan+an 6orn'nt sti'ats that thr ar 'or than >0,000 o'nhadd ho!sho"ds in th $a'i" orth in 2012# $his is a"'ost crtain". an

!ndrsti'at# o'n bar cono'ic b!rdns onc carrid o!t b. thir &athrs,h!sbands or brothrs# Port. and th "ac+ o& o%tions ar driin* o'n and *ir"s toado%t co''rcia" s as an inco' *nrator#

For cnt!ris, th $a'i" orth has had a %atriarcha" and hi*h". consrati socia"str!ct!r, "in+d to Hind!is', th %rdo'inant r"i*ion in th orth a'on* $a'i"s#$h "oss o& so 'an. o& th traditiona" bradinnrs ('n), tota" disr!%tion o&o'ns "i"ihood, and th absnc o& a rt!rn to nor'a"c., ar +. rasons &oro'n t!rnin* to s or+#

A t.%ica" co''nt sts o!t th %rob"'# A 29 .ar o"d $a'i" s or+r in@i"inochchi in th orth, idod at th a* o& 20, said;

“I "o not 'ant to be a se7 'orker. I come from a respectable Hin"u family. By fatheran" husban" both "ie" "ue to the 'ar. I am the el"est in a family of three girls. Iha&e to pro&i"e for my mother# t'o sisters an" my only son.!

$h Sri Lan+an (Sinha"s) *orn'nt co!"d not car "ss#

$h R%ort o& th Scrtar.6nra" on Chi"drn and Ar'd Con&"ict &o!nd thatso' o'n r &orcd to %r&or' s!a" acts in chan* &or &ood, sh"tr orassistanc in ca'%sD># $his R%ort a"so stats that IWithin the internally"isplace" person sites# e7ploitation of 'omen an" girls appeare" to be

> 18 A%ri" 2010# A:>4:42S:2010:11, %ara 14

8




perpetrate" by &arious actors through promises of fa&ours# money or marriagean" through threats.FF

$h 'assi 'i"itar. %rsnc (Sinha"s 'n) and (Sinha"s) 'n &ro' th So!thta+in* obs in th b!i"din* boo' in th orth, ar 'aor rasons &or th incras inco''rcia" s#

Shanthini aira'!tt!, a co''!nit. or+r in 7a&&na, said that th incrasd n!'bro& Sri Lan+anborn $a'i"s &ro' th dias%ora isitin* thir %"ac o& ori*in sinc thnd o& th ar'd con&"ict, has a"so incrasd th d'and &or co''rcia" s#

Accordin* to "oca" *ro!%s, th n!'br o& o'n n*a*d in s or+ in th orth issaid b as 'an. as ,000, considrd b. so' to b a consrati sti'at#

S or+ has a"a.s bn taboo in th $a'i" aras, hr &or *nrations, o'nr disco!ra*d &ro' "ain* thir ho's c%t &or a*ric!"t!ra" %!rs!its ord!cation#

$his "on*stab"ishd tradition and c!"t!r has cr!'b"d bca!s ith th "oss o&tho!sands o& 'a"s, o'n ha to &nd &or th's"s# IStructures ha&e change"an" the tren"s are changing# causing the emergence of fresh social concerns. $here'oul" ha&e been the occasional se7 'orkers in the &illages but not to the e7tent thatit became kno'n to the community!# said Shanthini aira'!tt!#

“$here is no point in s'eeping this issue (o& o'n t!rnin* to s or+) un"er thecarpet of cultural conser&atism. It is happening! said Shrn Saroor, &o!ndr o& thMannar o'ns D"o%'nt Fdration and th Mannar o'n &or H!'anRi*hts and D'ocrac., hich or+ ith con&"icta&&ctd o'n in th orth#

$his as chod b. Saroa Siachandran, Dirctor o& th 7a&&nabasd Cntr &oro'n and D"o%'nt# $his or*anisation cond!ctd a s!r. &ro' 2010 to dato& 1,00 &'a"hadd ho!sho"ds in th orth# Sh said that th s trad asIslo'ly taking root in a region that boasts of tra"ition an" culture!.

10# S!a" -%"oitation o& Chi"drn;

$h *orn'nt adocatd *ratr intrnationa" coo%ration to brin* %rsons *!i"t.o& s!a" %"oitation o& chi"drn to !stic# $h "a %rohibits s!a" io"ationsa*ainst chi"drn, d&ind as %rsons .o!n*r than 1, %artic!"ar". in r*ard to chi"d%orno*ra%h., chi"d %rostit!tion, and th tra&&ic+in* o& chi"drn#

%ara 11

4




Pna"tis &or io"ations r"atd to %orno*ra%h. and %rostit!tion ran* &ro' to to &i.ars i'%rison'nt# $hs %na"tis 'an nothin* hr th s!a" io"ations arco''ittd b. th Ar'd Forcs, Po"ic or thos ho s!%%ort th 6oSL#

Sri Lan+as ationa" Cri' Protction A!thorit. (CPA) arnd in 2011 o& anincras in chi"d s!a" %"oitation r"atd to th ra%id *roth o& to!ris'# $h*orn'nts to!rist %o"ic and th CPA cond!ctd is"andid aarnss%ro*ra's &oc!sin* on chi"drn, tra" *!ids, and th coasta" co''!nitis c"os toto!rist dstinations#

$h D%art'nt o& Probation and Chi"d Car Srics %roidd %rotction to chi"drnho r icti's o& ab!s and s!a" %"oitation and or+d ith "oca" 6=s that%roidd sh"tr# $h CPA cratd an !ndrcor o%ration in th so!thrn coasta"

r*ion to idnti&. s!a" to!ris' %r%trators and icti's# As a %rnti 'as!r,th CPA a"so i'%"'ntd an aarnss %ro*ra' cond!ctd at a"" schoo"s#

Ds%it a"" this actiit., thr is not th s"i*htst do!bt that chi"d s to!ris' is on thris# $h 6oSL is ha%%. to t!rn a b"ind . sinc th 6orn'nt 3nds th to!ristdo""ar, irrs%cti o& hat th to!rists do# /& th ra% o& chi"drn is hat th to!rists3nd, action b. th 6orn'nt is 'ost !n"i+". to occ!r#

11# $h 36ras Di"s

$his is a r"ati". rcnt and 'ost dist!rbin* %hno'non that has *nratd a*rat da" o& &ar in th cii"ian %o%!"ation, in addition to bin* a b"atant io"ation o&

h!'an ri*hts#

$hr ha bn sra" incidnts rcnt". in th orth, -ast and othr aras o& SriLan+a hr ordinar. citins ha &acd thrats to thir sa&t. b. !nidnti&idindiid!a"s ho ha in!rd and '!rdrd cii"ians, and ho ha co''on". co'to b +non as 36ras Ea+as (6ras Di"s)# /ndiid!a"s (!s!a"". &ro' th Ar'dForcs, Po"ic, or hoo"i*ans or+in* ith th'), ha r'od thir c"oths and*rasd th's"s (so that hn th. ar ca!*ht, th. s"i% o&&)# /n this 3s"i%%r.stat, th. ha co' into ho's and ha ra%d o'n#

$hs attac+s rs!"td in 'ass %aranoia, &ar and o!tra* in th orth and -astinc"!din* in 7a&&na, P!tta"a', Mannar, $rinco'a", Battica"oa and A'%ara# P!b"ic

%rotsts r!%td in rs%ons to th id". b"id ino"'nt o& th %o"ic and thar'd &orcs in th 3*ras di"s %hno'non# Protsts r!%td or th r&!sa" o&




th %o"ic and othr a!thoritis to a%%rhnd th s!s%cts# $h %rotsts r 'tith io"nt rta"iation &ro' th a!thoritis, ith th 'i"itar. and %o"ic arrstin* anddtainin* scors o& ths indiid!a"s#

/n addition to this, th %o"ic and 'i"itar. a"so carrid o!t br!ta", h!'i"iatin* andd*radin* attac+s a*ainst ths %o%"# $h sr br!ta"it. ith hich thsassa!"ts r carrid o!t ha rs!"td in srio!s in!ris and n in dath# =&tn,indiid!a"s ho r not n ino"d in th %rotsts r arrstd and assa!"td#

(12)# ? $ra&&ic+in* in Prsons ($/P)

For a scond consc!ti .ar, Sri Lan+a is on th $ir 2 atch List &or &ai"in* to%roid idnc o& incrasin* &&orts to co'bat sr &or's o& h!'an tra&&ic+in*,%artic!"ar". in th ara o& "a n&orc'nt th *orn'nt &ai"d to arrst,%rosc!t, or conict an. %rson &or tra&&ic+in* o&&ncs and contin!d to %!nishso' icti's o& tra&&ic+in* &or cri's co''ittd as a rs!"t o& bin* tra&&ic+d SriLan+a has not rati&id th 2000 ? $/P Protoco"#

Sri Lan+a is a so!rc and dstination co!ntr. &or 'n and o'n tra&&ic+d &or th%!r%oss o& ino"!ntar. srit!d and co''rcia" s!a" %"oitation Sri Lan+an'n and o'n 'i*rat i""in*". to th Prsian 6!"&, Midd" -ast, and -ast Asia toor+ as constr!ction or+rs, do'stic srants, or *ar'nt &actor. or+rs, hrso' &ind th's"s in sit!ations o& ino"!ntar. srit!d hn &acd ithrstrictions on 'o'nt, ithho"din* o& %ass%orts, thrats, %h.sica" or s!a"ab!s, and dbt bonda* chi"drn ar tra&&ic+d intrna"". &or co''rcia" s!a"%"oitation and, "ss &r5!nt"., &or &orcd "abor#

T) "iki#Leaks r0a'' .n Sri Lan6a

Wikileaks has r"asd a doc!'nt snt in 200> b. thn ?S A'bassador (Robrt=#B"a+ 7r) in Co"o'bo, to th ?SA, tit"d, Sri Lanka: GSL complicity in paramilitaryfactions’ Human Rights abuses.

/t is too "on* to r%rod!c in &!"" hr, b!t is on th nt# A"tho!*h it da"s ith h!'anri*hts ab!s and is thr&or r"ant hr, / i"" 5!ot on". th %arts s%ci&ica"".da"in* ith ra%, %rostit!tion and chi"d ab!s#

$h A'bassadors r%ort da"s ith to s%arat %arts o& th $a'i" orth and -ast!ndr to ($a'i") %o%", Do!*"as Dananda (in 7a&&na in th orth), and 3@ar!na(ina.a*a'oorth. M!ra"itharan) (in th -ast)#

Dananda is an MP &or 7a&&na, had o& a 3%o"itica" %art. th -"a' Po%"sD'ocratic Front (-PDP) (th &or'r -"a' Po%"s Ro"!tionar. Libration Front(-PRLF, a ria" to th $a'i" $i*rs)# H as a%%ointd Ministr o& Socia" Sricsand Socia" "&ar b. Prsidnt Raa%a+sa# H r!ns a irt!a" &i&do' in D"&t, anis"and o&& 7a&&na, and n tnds this &i&do' to %arts o& th 7a&&na Pnins!"a#

3@ar!na, a &or'r $a'i" $i*r "adr ho bro+ aa. &ro' th L$$-, as snt toLondon on a 3di%"o'atic %ass%ort, as arrstd, trid, conictd and ai"d in Britain#=n his rt!rn to Sri Lan+a at th r5!st o& th 6oSL, h as %ro'%t". no'inatd b.Prsidnt Raa%a+sa as an MP, and a%%ointd th Ministr o& ationa" Rhabi"itation# A'nst. /ntrnationa" %rssd its o!tra*# @ar!na r!ns a &i&do' in th -ast#

Hr is hat A'bassador B"a+s co''!nication sa.s abo!t Dananda and th-PDP#

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I-PDP; UPo"itica" Part.U and Para'i"itar.14# (S) VV A"tho!*h r*istrd as a &or'a" %o"itica" %art., th -PDP r'ains a&ard %ara'i"itar. *ro!%, i"din* nono&&icia" %or or %arts o& th 7a&&na%nins!"a and s%cia"". th o&&shor is"ands ith th tacit a%%roa" o& th Sri Lan+a Ar'.#

-tra7!dicia" @i""in*s ith th Mi"itar.s S!%%ort 1# (S) Working in concert 'ith SL% sol"iers statione" in the affna peninsula# the(4;4 is able to con"uct e7tortion# ab"uctions# e7tra83u"icial killings an" othercriminal acts 'ithout fear of conse*uences# accor"ing to numerous sources.QQQQQQQQQQQQ to"d !s abo!t -PDPs ino"'nt in tra!dicia" +i""in*s in7a&&na# /nd%ndnt"., QQQQQQQQQQQQ con&ir'd '!ch o& QQQQQQQQQQQQsacco!ntV## hi" %o"ic insti*ations ar co''on, th. a"'ost nr "ad toarrsts# QQQQQQQQQQQQ a"so to"d !s o& a QQQQQQQQQQQQ doctor

QQQQQQQQQQQQ ho %r&or's &orcd abortions, o&tn !ndr th *!is o& a r*!"archc+!%, on $a'i" o'n s!s%ctd o& bin* a"i*nd ith th L$$-# 1># (S) QQQQQQQQQQQQ Chi"d $ra&&ic+in*1# (S) QQQQQQQQQQQQ said h b"is that -PDP is o%ratin* chi"d tra&&ic+in*rin*s in 7a&&na ith a bas on D"&t is"and, hich th -PDP Uons#UQQQQQQQQQQQQ %"aind that bca!s o& th "ar* n!'br o& idos in 7a&&na,'n associatd ith th -PDP, o&tn &ro' ni*hbo!rin* i""a*s, ar !sd to sd!co'n ith chi"drn, s%cia"". *ir"s, ith th %ro'is o& cono'ic %rotction# A&trstab"ishin* a r"ationshi%, th 'n thn ta+ th chi"drn, so'ti's b. &orc andso'ti's ith th %ro'is that th. i"" b %roidd a bttr "i&# $h chi"drn ar

so"d into s"ar., !s!a"". bo.s to or+ ca'%s and *ir"s to %rostit!tion rin*s, thro!*h-PDPs ntor+s in /ndia and Ma"a.sia# QQQQQQQQQQQQ 'aintains that chi"drnar o&tn s'!**"d o!t o& th co!ntr. ith th h"% o& a corr!%t C!sto's and/''i*ration o&&icia" at Bandaranai+ /ntrnationa" Air%ort in Co"o'bo#

1# (S) QQQQQQQQQQQQs stor. as %artia"". ri&id b. QQQQQQQQQQQQ hostatd that th -PDP or+s in concrt ith th Sri Lan+a Ar'. (SLA) to o%rat$a'i" %rostit!tion rin*s &or th so"dirs# QQQQQQQQQQQQ statd that .o!n* o'nr ta+n and &orcd to ha s ith btn &i and tn so"dirs a ni*ht#So'ti's th. ar %aid a%%roi'at". a do""ar &or ach Usric#U $h .o!n*o'ns %arnts ar !nab" to co'%"ain to a!thoritis &or &ar o& rtrib!tion andbca!s doin* so o!"d r!in th *ir"s r%!tation, 'a+in* it i'%ossib" &or th' r

to 'arr.# Fa'i"is ha b*!n arran*in* 'arria*s &or thir da!*htrs at a r..o!n* a* in th ho%s that th -PDP and so"dirs i"" b "ss "i+". to ta+ th'# /naddition to tra&&ic+in* in chi"drn, QQQQQQQQQQQQ dtai"d ho th -PDP o%ratsan i""icit a"coho" s'!**"in* rin* !sin* chi"d U'!"s#U

2# (S) $h 6SL ss sra" adanta*s in a""oin* %ara'i"itar. *ro!%s to o%rat inth co!ntr.VV Fr5!nt abd!ctions b. %ara'i"itaris +% critics o& th 6SL &ar&!"and 5!it# ?"ti'at"., th 6SLs obcti is to t!rn @ar!na and -PDP "adrDo!*"as Dananda into %ro6SL %o"itica" "adrs in th -ast and orth,rs%cti".# $h *orn'nt ho%s this i"" ns!r "on* tr' contro" or thsaras n i& so' &or' o& do"!tion is instit!td#

8# (S) /n th 'anti', ths %ara'i"itar. *ro!%s *i th 6SL a 'as!r o&dniabi"it.# QQQQQQQQQQQQ to"d !s that so' 'i"itar. co''andrs in 7a&&na ant




to c"a'% don on %ara'i"itaris b!t ha ordrs &ro' D&ns Scrtar. 6othaba.aRaa%a+sa to not intr&r ith th %ara'i"itaris on th *ro!nds that th. ar doin*Uor+U that th 'i"itar. cannot do bca!s o& intrnationa" scr!tin.# =nQQQQQQQQQQQQ con&idd to QQQQQQQQQQQQ that th D&ns Ministr. hadinstr!ctd hi' not to intr&r ith U'i"itar. int""i*ncU o%rationsJ# (nd o& 5!ot)

Hr is hat A'bassador B"a+ rot abo!t 3@ar!na

I># (S) $h @ar!na *ro!% is %robab". th 'ost acti Sri Lan+an %ara'i"itar. inabd!ctions and tra!dicia" +i""in*s#

# (S) QQQQQQQQQQQQ con&ir'd that @ar!na has tndd his actiitis to 7a&&na&ro' his bas in th -ast# QQQQQQQQQQQQ has doc!'ntd QQQQQQQQQQQQabd!ction cass in 7a&&na QQQQQQQQQQQQ, 'an. o& hich h b"is ar thrs%onsibi"it. o& th @ar!na *ro!%#

-tortion and Prostit!tion Rin*s

9# (S) @ar!na dos not ha th intrnationa" &!ndraisin* ntor+ a'on* th $a'i"Dias%ora that th L$$- has b!i"t or th %ast 2 .ars# As a rs!"t, h has rsortdto a id ran* o& cri'ina" actiitis#

11# (S) QQQQQQQQQQQQ a"so %"aind that @ar!na o%rats %rostit!tion rin*s o!to& th /DP ca'%s to Uta+ car o&U 6SL so"dirs, statin* that th o'n Uhad nochoicU b!t to ac5!isc to @ar!na cadrs d'ands# QQQQQQQQQQQQ andQQQQQQQQQQQQ ind%ndnt". dscribd ho o'n ar &orcd into %rostit!tion,or to *i !% thir chi"drn to tra&&ic+rs# $h 'thods ar si'i"ar to thos in 7a&&na(%aras 11)# Fa'i"is so'ti's tr. to arran* thir da!*htrs 'arria*s at tha* o& 12 or 18 in th ho% that it i"" rd!c th "i+"ihood o& thir bin* &orcd into

%rostit!tion#

12# (S) A"tho!*h th 6SL has consistnt". dnid s!%%ortin* @ar!na,QQQQQQQQQQQQ a""od Po"=&& to "istn to ta%s o& his intri ith 6othaba.a#$h D&ns Scrtar. as &&!si in his %rais &or @ar!na#J (nd o& 5!ot)# $o c"ai' that th ?S *orn'nt dos not +no abo!t th or*anisd ra% o& $a'i"o'n and *ir"s, chi"d %rostit!tion and othr cri's a*ainst h!'anit., and thino"'nt o& th 6oSL in a"" this, is c"ar". nonsns#

T) $.n'9%n$'

$hr ar incrasin* n!'brs o& r%orts o& .o!n* $a'i" *ir"s bco'in* %r*nant toSinha"s so"dirs, and n to Sinha"s stt"rs arriin* in th ara# $hr is!ndo!btd". a bra+don in th socia" &abric s%cia"". hr .o!n* ad!"ts ha toda" ith th socia" and cono'ic hardshi%s hich i"" ha a "on* tr' dtri'nta"i'%act on th &!nctionin* o& ths co''!nitis# $h 6oSL co!"d not car "ss#

$hr is not th s"i*htst do!bt that thr is an incras in %s.chiatric %rob"'s inth $a'i" aras o& %o%" (o'n and 'n) bin* !nab" to co% ith th sca"atin*io"ation o& thir h!'an ri*hts ith no "i*ht at th nd o& th t!nn"#

hat o%tions ar aai"ab" &or th icti's o& Ra% (and othr h!'an ri*hts io"ations)in th $a'i" aras

1# $o conca" th &act that th. ha bn ra%d#




2# $o str!**" and co% ith th cons5!ncs, inc"!din* %r*nanc.#8# $o s+ (%h.sica") r&!*#4# $o co'%"ain## $o "a th co!ntr. i& %ossib"># $o co''it s!icid#

Conca"in* th &act o& ra%#

$h "is o& .o!n* $a'i" ra% icti's ar shattrd, as in thir c!"t!r, ir*init. ishi*h". %rid and critica" &or 'arria*# $h socia" cons5!ncs o& ra% ar sosrio!s, that 'an. o'n and *ir"s in %artic!"ar, o%t to conca" th &act that th.ha bn ra%d# $h %s.cho"o*ica" da'a* that co!"d, and dos occ!r, rs!"ts insrio!s 'nta" %rob"'s and in "on*tr' %s.chiatric %rob"'s, n s!icid#

$hr can b srio!s &a'i". %rob"'s# / a' aar o& sra" cass hr thh!sband o& a o'an ho has bn ra%d, has "&t hr bca!s sh has bn ra%d#

Co%in* ith th cons5!ncs

3Co%in*, 'nta"". and %h.sica"". < th "attr inc"!din* co%in* ith th addition o& .tanothr chi"d to a &a'i"., a"rad. str!**"in* to co%#

$ra!'a co!ns""in* is an ssntia" %art o& 3co%in* 'nta"".# $his is not a %riorit. o&th 6oSL# Dist!rbin*"., thr ar r%orts that th 'i"itar. has r&!sd to a""oco!ns""ors into th ara# C"ar instr!ctions ha bn rcid &ro' th*orn'nt to Ch!rchs and non*orn'nt or*anisations %rohibitin* th %roisiono& an. +ind o& co!ns""in* to thos s!&&rin* %s.cho"o*ica" or 'otiona" da'a*#

/n&anticid and chi"d abandon'nt in th orth and -ast has bn r%ortd

thro!*ho!t 2011# $hr is no idnc that this is dcrasin* < on th contrar.,ds%it att'%ts b. th 6oSL and its Ar'd Forcs to s!%%rss in&or'ation, thr isin&or'ation "a+in* o!t that it is incrasin*# Ado%tin* o!t th chi"d is an o%tion, b!t to ho' and hr $h &orcd s%arationcan and dos ha a sns o& *!i"t ith th %ctd 'nta" %rob"'s#

$o 35!itn incrasin* d'ands &ro' thos in Sri Lan+a and o!tsid, th 6oSL"a!nchd a n %ro*ra' to 3assist 'othrs and chi"drn in th ara# $h6orn'nt has &ai"d to %rod!c %rcis dtai"s o& this %ro*ra' b!t thr arr%orts in th Mdia that th %"an is to r'o chi"drn &ro' th car o& !nd'othrs or ar idos and instit!tiona"is th' < in th Sinha"s So!th, or n

3%ort th'# Sho!"d this ha%%n (and thr is idnc that it is ha%%nin*), ito!"d b a *ross io"ation o& th 3Ri*hts o& th Chi"d and th ?nirsa" Dc"aration o&H!'an Ri*hts#

$o s+ r&!*

R&!* hr /n th orth /n th So!th /& hat ha%%nd in th So!th rcnt". isan indication, it is not rass!rin*# 3$rem %ivasa’ (Ho!s o& Lo) is an or%hana* and a sh"tr &or dstit!t and

!nd %r*nant o'n in Morat!a, a s!b!rb nar Co"o'bo, in th Sinha"sSo!th# /t is r!n b. Sistr Mar. -"ir, an /ndian n!n ho b"on*s to th Missionariso& Charit. &o!ndd b. th ob" La!rat, Mothr $hrsa# =n 2> o'br 2011,actin* on on sin*" anon.'o!s t"%hon ca"", th Po"ic and th ationa" Chi"d

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Protction A!thorit. (CPA), soo%d don and arrstd Sistr Mar., and char*dhr ith 3chi"d tra&&ic+in*# Sh has bn r'andd and hr %ass%ort i'%o!ndd#

/& thos ho r!n an or%hana* or a r&!* &or !nd or dstit!t 'othrs, &ac s!ch%rob"'s in th Sinha"s So!th, it is an n 'or di&&ic!"t and dan*ro!s o%rationin th $a'i" orth and -ast !ndr th h" o& th Sinha"s 'i"itar.#

$hr is orh"'in* idnc, con&ir'd b. th i+iLa+s, that a ($a'i") Ministrand his %o"itica" %art. in Prsidnt Raa%a+sa *orn'nt is doin* this on a "ar*sca" in 7a&&na hich is irt!a"". th &i&do' o& this Ministr# Et no on has 3soo%ddon to arrst an.on ds%it orh"'in* idnc, /t s%a+s o"!'s &or tha. Prsidnt Raa%a+sas D'ocratic Socia"ist R%!b"ic, &!nctions#

$o co'%"ain

$o co'%"ain to th (Sinha"s) Po"ic is n ris+ir, and srs no %!r%os# hnco'%"aints o& 'o"station and ra% ar 'ad to th %o"ic, thr is no action hn

th a""*d %r%trators ar ithr th sc!rit. &orcs or or+'n &ro' th Sinha"sSo!th# /ndd, it co!"d b ors# $h co'%"ainant is so'ti's ab!sd b. th'i"itar. or thir dtai"s ta+n, &or a noct!rna" 3isit &ro' th 'i"itar.#

$o "a th co!ntr. i& %ossib"

$h "!c+. & ith th ncssar. 'on., can contact a 3%o%" s'!**"r, *t on a"a+in* boat, ris+ thir "is and tr. to *t to A!stra"ia (or "shr), to b "oc+d !%in drad&!" dtntion cntrs as i""*a" r&!*s# $h. 'i*ht sin+ to th botto' o& thocan < th 3/ndian =can so"!tion to th r&!* %rob"'#

/& th. arri in ths h""ho"s in Ma"a.sia, /ndonsia and A!stra"ia, th. can %ct

to sta. .ars and b s!bctd to &!rthr io"ations o& h!'an ri*hts, in io"ation o& thR&!* Conntion (hich A!stra"ia < b!t not th othr co!ntris in th ara hassi*nd)# Ra% is not !n+non in ths dtntion cntrs# $h A!stra"ian *orn'ntco!"d not car "ss#

An a"trnati is to sca% to th Midd" -ast as do'stics or or+rs# $h ra% o&o'n and *ir"s ($a'i" and Sinha"s) is ""doc!'ntd# A sin*" a'%", o&'an. h!ndrds, i"" s!&&ic#

=n 9 7!n 2011, 6"oba" Labo!r and H!'an Ri*hts r"asd a r%ort, I Se7ual4re"ators an" Serial Rapists run 'il" at Wal8Bart Supplier in or"an!. Eo!n* SriLan+an o'n sin* c"oths &or 3C"assic th "ar*st *ar'nt &actor. in 7ordan

%rod!cs c"oths &or a"Mart, Hans, $ar*t and Mac.s, ha bn ro!tin". andr%atd". ra%d# $hos ho *t %r*nant ar &orcib". rt!rnd to Sri Lan+a or +i""d#

$h 6nra" Mana*r, Ani" Santha, snds a an to brin* &o!r or &i .o!n* o'n tohis hot", hr h ra%s th'# $hos ho r&!s to b ra%d, ar batn andd%ortd# =n Ban*"adsh o'an rcnt". d%ortd &ro' th 3C"assic &actor., saidthat an. o& th or+rs thr i"" tsti&. that Ani" Santha r*!"ar". ra%s o'n &ro'Sri Lan+a#

C"assic *ar'nts ntr th ?S d!t.&r !ndr th ?S7ordan Fr $rad A*r'nt#

S!icid

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S!icid is, o& co!rs, an a"trnati# / cannot &ind &i*!rs to doc!'nt this (hich isnot s!r%risin*, *in th "" o& cnsorshi% and 'i"itar. r%rssion), b!t / a' aarthat thr is an incrasin* incidnc o& s!icid in th $a'i" orth and -ast, ra%bin* on rason &or this#

F%na(n"a0 /a$".r' r'+.n'ib0 /.r Ra+

$h thr &!nda'nta" &actors rs%onsib" &or th %id'ic o& ra% ar;

• $h s%in* %or o& th Prsidnt, Mahinda Raa%a+sa, (and no hisbrothr 6otaba.a Raa%a+sa, s!%%osd". th 3D&nc Scrtar.) ho hast th's"s abo th 7!diciar. and th La#

• $h co""a%s o& La and ordr < ith th thoro!*h". corr!%t and d.s&!nctiona"Po"ic and Ar'd Forcs, and a %o"iticisd (or inti'idatd) 7!diciar.#

• Co'%"t a%ath. o& th %!b"ic thro!*h &ar or !st a "ac+ o& concrn#

Prsidntia" %ors#

$h 19 Constit!tion *is th -c!ti Prsidnt abso"!t %or# An att'%t to"i'it so' o& this %or (th 1th A'nd'nt to th Constit!tion) as n*atd b. th1th A'nd'nt, r!shd thro!*h th S!%r' Co!rt as an 3!r*nt Bi"", and r!bbrsta'%d b. Raa%a+sas stri" Par"ia'nt#

$h Sri Lan+an Prsidnt can do hatr h "i+s to ho'r h "i+s, th7!diciar. inc"!dd# /& h dcids that a ra%ist cannot b conictd, h i"" not b#hat 'attrs is hthr th cri'ina" s!%%orts th r!"in* r*i', not hat h hasdon#

$h co""a%s o& La and ordr

A rcnt (2011) 100%a* ri o& this b. th Asian H!'an Ri*hts Co''ission,“Sri Lanka: International Human Rights %gencies faile" to notice the ollapse of theSri Lanka’s 4ublic Institutions an" of ustice! , "oo+s at this in dtai"#

/t sa.s, IV#the international community has faile" to grasp the real situation in SriLanka an" has faile" to "e&elop an effecti&e strategy to ensure protection for thehuman rights of the people.

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/t r&rs to th sri" 7!diciar. b. sttin* o!t th %ors o& th Prsidnt and thrs!"t, I$he result is that the 3u"iciary is incapable of protecting the rights of thein"i&i"ual as against the po'ers of the state!.

Po"iticians and n thir chi"drn co''it ra% (and othr 'aor cri's) ithabso"!t i'%!nit.# So do othrs ho ha in&"!nc or "in+s ith th Raa%a+sa&a'i". and thir s!%%ortrs#

$h a%ath. o& th %!b"ic

$hr is ids%rad a%ath. rathr than a sns o& o!tra* a'on* cii"ians, at a""""s, in Sri Lan+a#

$h c%tion is Fr andana Manat!n*a, a Sinha"s Catho"ic %rist in th So!th,ho has d&id this c!"t!r o& si"nc and i'%!nit. in incidnts o& ra% and tort!r#H has cha""n*d r"i*io!s "adrs to !s thir 'ora" a!thorit. to adocat &orh!'an ri*hts# H has *on &!rthr and has or*anisd o"!ntrs to co""aborat ith

a*ncis to doc!'nt ab!s, s!%%ort icti's d!rin* tria"s, and in&"!nc socita"attit!ds

Ra% in th &or'r L$$-r!n "e facto IStat o& $a'i" -"a'J

$h 5!stion at iss! is hthr th $a'i" %o%" in th orth and -ast ar bttr o&&no, !ndr th 6oSL and its Ar'd Forcs, or !ndr th L$$-# hr ra% isconcrnd, th. ar &ar ors o&& no#

/n ordr to a%%rciat this, it is ncssar. to *o bac+ to th ti' hn th ara as!ndr th contro" o& th L$$-#

For a dcad %rior to Ma. 2009, th Libration $i*rs o& $a'i" -"a' (L$$-, $a'i"$i*rs) ran a "e facto Stat# / ha not bn to this ara and can on". 5!ot hatPro&ssor @ristian Sto++, Pro&ssor o& Socio"o*. and H!'an 6o*ra%h., ?nirsit.o& =s"o, ora., to"d ' hn / 't hi' in X!rich# hat h to"d ' as "atr%!b"ishd b. hi'#

$h 'ost stri+in* &at!r as a ""or*anisd "*a" s.st' and an c""nt %o"icsric, as a rs!"t o& hich srio!s cri'ina" actiit. as rar, and ra% irt!a"".!n+non# $his is in 'ar+d contrast to th rst o& th co!ntr. r!n b. th 6oSL#

$h 7!dicia" s.st' o& th "e facto $a'i" Stat, (-"a' !dicia" s.st'), inc"!ddsra" District Co!rts, to Hi*h Co!rts, to tr. crtain cri'ina" cass s!ch as

'!rdr, ra% and arson, a Co!rt o& A%%a", and an a% S!%r' Co!rt#

Partic!"ar car as ta+n to ns!r that th Co!rts r !st# Ds%it thir r"ati.o!th, th 7!d*s r %rcid b. th %!b"ic as %ro&ssiona" and th ntir7!dicia" s.st' carrid s!bstantia" "*iti'ac. and %!b"ic con&idnc#

Pna"tis r strict, ar.in* &ro' &ins to ai" tr's, b!t a"so inc"!din* rar cass o&ca%ita" %!nish'nt &or ra% and crtain t.%s o& '!rdr# $h. r, in *nra", 'orsr than thos i'%osd b. th Sri Lan+a *orn'ntr!n Co!rts hich a"so&!nctiond in th sa' ara#

uil"ing the $amil (elam State E (merging State Institutions an" 2orms of Go&ernance inL$$( controlle" areas of Sri Lanka# 8rd or"d G!artr".# /SS 0148>9, 2>(>) s 1021104,200>

>2




Critics ha 5!stiond th a!tono'. o& th Co!rts in r*ard to th L$$-# Hor,ds%it th 'or sr %na"tis that r i'%osd, th %o%" had so '!chcon&idnc in th &&icinc. and &airnss o& ths Co!rts, that th. o%td to ta+ thirc"ai's to th Co!rts r!n b. th "e facto Stat rathr than Co!rts r!n b. th 6oSL#

$h Po"ic ($a'i" -"a' Po"ic) as th othr +. instit!tion &or 'aintainin* "a andordr# /t as &or'd in 1991 b. B# adsan, a rtird o&&icr &ro' th Sri Lan+an%o"ic# (adsan as "atr c!td b. th Sri Lan+an 'i"itar. on th ordrs o&6otaba.a Raa%a+sa, th Prsidnts brothr, ds%it th &act that h hads!rrndrd th Ihit F"a*J incidnt9)#

$h 3$a'i" -"a' Po"ic stab"ishd "oca" %o"ic stations thro!*ho!t L$$-contro""daras, ith assi*nd d!tis o& %rntin* and dtctin* cri', r*!"atin* tra&&ic anddiss'inatin* in&or'ation abo!t cri' %rntion to th cii"ian %o%!"ation, both to*i th' "*iti'ac. a'on* th $a'i" %o%!"ation and as a strat*. to %rnt cri'#

$his co''!nit. ino"'nt ith th Po"ic as a +. &actor bhind th "o cri'rats in th orth-ast in th "e facto Stat r!n b. th L$$-#

Critics o& L$$-, ar*! that th Po"ic &orc as an int*ra" %art o& th L$$- ar'd&orcs, i'%".in* that th "o cri' rat as d! to a!thoritarian contro" rathr thanco''!nit. %o"icin*# /n ithr cas, it is a &act that th %o"ic and !diciar. 'aintainda hi*h d*r o& r!" o& "a, hich is ac+no"d*d b. both L$$- s!%%ortrs ando%%onnts#

$h 6oSL had a "ot to "arn &ro' this, *in th co'%"t". corr!%t %o"ic &orc (saidto b th 'ost corr!%t in th or"d), and a !dicia" s.st' in disarra., in th rst o&th co!ntr.#

Sar&o"aya is Sri Lan+as "ar*st %o%"s or*anisation# =r th "ast 0 .ars it hasst !% a ntor+ o& so' 1,000 i""a*s in th Sinha"s So!th# Latr it asn*a*d in r"i& &&orts in th artorn orth# Sar&o"aya %!b"ishd a co''nt onth sa&t. o& o'n and chi"drn in th L$$-r!n "e facto Stat in th anni#

$he hea" of the 01I(2 programme in the )anni# an %ustralian 'ith longe7perience in Sri Lanka# "escribe" the chil"ren there as being "ifferent from thosethat she ha" seen else'here in the 1orth (ast. It 'as only in the )anni that chil"rencoul" be seen to play freely# frolicking an" 3umping into an" s'imming in the 'atertanks an" irrigation channels. utsi"e &isitors 'ere amaMe" at the or"er#organiMation# sanitation an" acti&ity. $he Sar&o"ya lea"er from the south remarke"

that in the 'hole of Sri Lanka it 'as only in the L$$( controlle" areas that 'omenfelt safe to 'alk by themsel&es late in the night. 0nlike in the rest of Sri Lanka#military 'eapons# check points# barbe" 'ire an" roun" ups 'ere not &isible.

$hr .o! ha it &ro' %o%" ho ar not $a'i" $i*rs#

$hr is not th s"i*htst do!bt that hr "a and ordr, s%cia"". srio!s o&&ncss!ch as ra% ar concrnd, th cii"ian %o%!"ation in th orth and -ast, ar &arors o&& no, a&tr th d'is o& th L$$- and its r%"ac'nt b. th thoro!*h".corr!%t and !ndisci%"ind Sri Lan+an (Sinha"s) Ar'd Forcs and Po"ic, and thhi*h". d!bio!s !dicia" s.st'# Ra% i& no a &act o& "i&, and is don ith abso"!t

9 Maor 6nra" Sarath Fons+a, th Ar'. Co''andr, ho said h as %r%ard to tsti&. to this in aCri'ina" Co!rt, as ai"d on a tr!'%d!% char* b. th Raa%a+sa r*i'# H is !n"i+". to *t o!t#

>8




i'%!nit.# $his is on rason h. th 6oSL i"" not a""o h!'an ri*hts or*anisationsinto th ara# /t is this that 'a+s th o!t"oo+ &or th %rntion o& ra% so b"a+#

$h Sri Lan+an Pna" Cod (Sction 8>8) hich cri'ina"iss ra%, is on". a bit o&%a%r and is tratd as s!ch b. th Sri Lan+an r*i', and dist!rbin*"., b. th L*a"s.st'#

T) Sri Lan6an G.&rn(n"-' r'+.n'

As o!"d b %ctd, th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt has dnid a""*ations o& ra%and s!a" io"nc in 6orn'ntcontro""d aras, c"ai'in* that th a""*ations ar&abricatd or L$$- %ro%a*anda to s%rad a &a"s i'a* o& th Sri Lan+an Ar'dForcs#

So' o& ths dnia"s ar hi"ario!s# Lt ' 5!ot &ro' th rcnt". r"asd /C-P%!b"ication Islan" of Impunity8 In&estigation into International crimes >in Sri Lanka?.

<<.<< “$he Go&ernment has "o'n playe" allegations of rape an" se7ual&iolence at I;4 camps. When a foreign 3ournalist raise" allegations 'ith4rofessor Ra3i&a Wi3esinha# 'ho 'as at the time the 4ermanent Secretary tothe Binistry of ;isaster Banagement an" Human Rights# 4rof Wi3esinharespon"e"# /We recei&e" a report that a sol"ier 'ent into a tent at <<pm an"came out at =am. It coul" ha&e been se7 for pleasure# it coul" ha&e been se7for fa&ours# or it coul" ha&e been a "iscussion on %ncient Greek philosophy#'e "onQt kno'.’

/t is %rcis". bca!s “'e "on’t kno'! that an ind%ndnt intrnationa"in5!ir. is ndd# / do not thin+ that th c"ai' that it as to disc!ss Ancint6r+ %hi"oso%h. is b"iab"#

<<.<+ $he Sri Lankan High ommissioner to In"ia# 4rasa" ariya'asam#respon"e" to HRW’s report on torture an" se7ual &iolence by claiming there'as no e&i"ence to substantiate its claims. He state"# //0ntil 'e "o a properin*uiry# 'e ha&e to belie&e that these are all sob stories for the sake ofobtaining asylum or refugee status in a "e&elope" country.’ He 'ent on tolabel HRW’s report /a 'ell8time" effort’ to "iscre"it Sri Lanka.

A*ain, this is hat so 'an. %o%" (inc"!din* th ? H!'an Ri*hts Co''issionr,ai Pi""a.), ant Ia %ro%r in5!ir.J# So ar on th sa' %a* as th Sri Lan+anHi*h Co''issionr to /ndia

$h Sri Lan+an A'bassador to ?SA co''nts;

7a"i.a ic+r'as!ri.a (a +ins'an o& Prsidnt Raa%a+sa and not so'on ith anab!ndanc o& brain c""s), as as+d &or his co''nts on th /ntrnationa" Crisis6ro!% R%orts assrtion that assa!"t on o'n in Sri Lan+a is on th ris# $h A'bassador dnid th r. istnc o& ra% or io"nc a*ainst o'n in SriLan+a < “Rapes# this an" that not taking any place in Sri Lanka! # / a' not s!r hatth A'bassador 'ant b. Ithis and thatJ#

Hain* dnid that ra% is not ta+in* %"ac in Sri Lan+a, h ad'its that is dos ist,b. sa.in* that “Like any other country# 'e ha&e# like couple of cases! # H nt on to

sa. that that Sri Lan+a has so 'an. o'n in +. %ositions o& a!thorit., that it is

>4




i'%ossib" to thin+ an. o'an is a icti' o& io"nc# H said; “<,, I "on’t agree'ith the report! #

$h LLRC

$h 6oSL has r%atd". c"ai'd that its soca""d ILssons Larnt andRconci"iation Co''issionJ (LLRC) is a"" that is ncssar. and that intrnationa"insti*ation and action is nithr a%%ro%riat nor ncssar.#

Ds%it a n!'br o& r%orts o& ra% and s!a" io"nc obtaind b. th ? -%rtPan", th Chann" 4 idos, and icti's doc!'ntd in dtai" b. th HR r%ort(We 'ill teach you a lesson?, ra% and s!a" io"nc r "ar*". i*nord b. thLLRC# /t crtain". dos not n*a* in "oo+in* into ths a""*ations# /ts on".r&rnc to ra% and s!a" io"nc as to do!bt th a!thnticit. o& th Chann" 4r%ort#

$his o'ission, a'on* othrs, is idnc that th LLRC is a sha' Co''ission, .t

anothr o& a sris o& sha' Co''issions "a!nchd b. th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt tob"!&& &ori*n *orn'nts and aid donors#

T) b0a"an" 0i' ./ ") Sri Lan6an Pr'in"

A srio!s %rob"' has bn donri*ht "is o& Prsidnt Raa%a+sa, his !nta in SriLan+a and his A'bassadors abroad# Raa%a+sa has dis'issd orh"'in*idnc o& ar cri's sa.in* that th Ar'. as ino"d in a Ihumanitarianoperation 'ith Mero ci&ilian casualties!.

=n th &irst annirsar. o& th nd o& th con&"ict, Raa%a+sa said that his troo%s ntto ar 'ith a gun in one han" an" the Human Rights harter in the other!.

R%atin* this in 2011, h said, “I 'ill recall 'hat I sai" in the past that our troops'ent to the battlefront carrying a gun in one han"# the Human Rights harter in theother# foo" for the innocent "isplace" on their shoul"ers# an" lo&e of their chil"ren intheir hearts. $hey "i" not target any communities or religions# an" "i" not marchahea" 'ith hatre" to'ar"s anyone.J

$oda., th. ar not 'archin* an.hr, b!t ar han*in* aro!nd ra%in* $a'i"o'n and *ir"s in th orth and -ast

$o cit a rcnt a'%" o& Raa%a+sas donri*ht "is, on 19 7an!ar. 2014, o%nin*a cancr hos%ita" in $h""i%%ahai in th $a'i" ara, h said that thr r on".

12,000 Sri Lan+an so"dirs in th orth#

Crdib" so!rcs %!t th &i*!r o& th occ!%.in* 'i"itar. at a 'ini'!' o& 18>,000# At"ast 8>,000 so"dirs ar in th 7a&&na %nins!"a and 100,000 ar in th anni'ain"and#

Raa%a+sa is not on". th -c!ti Prsidnt, b!t th Ministr o& D&nc and thCo''andrinChi& o& th Ar'd Forcs# H '!st +no that hat h said as ab"atant "i#

hat a"" this 'ans is that not a ord !ttrd b. th Sri Lan+an Prsidnt or an. o&his cronis (inc"!din* Sri Lan+an A'bassadors abroad) can b b"id#

>






ords '!st ha 'anin*# /& IResponsibilit& to $rotect (R2P) is to ha an.'anin*, thn not to act i"" 'a+ ths 'r ords# R2P ar a st o& %rinci%"sdran !% at th or"d S!''it in 200, ado%td b. th ?nitd ations 6nra" Ass'b". and ra&&ir'd (in A%ri" 200>) b. th ? Sc!rit. Co!nci"#

$h. ar basd on th %rinci%" that sori*nt. is not a %rii"* b!t a rs%onsibi"it.#/& a Stat &ai"s to %rotct its citins &ro' *nocid, ar cri's, thnic c"ansin* andcri's a*ainst h!'anit., thn th intrnationa" co''!nit. has to intrndi%"o'atica""., and i& this &ai"s, thn 3as a "ast rsort, ith 'i"itar. &orc# $h SriLan+an Stat has &ai"d to %rotct a si*ni&icant sction o& its citins &ro' thscri's, and contin!s to do so# $hr&or, action is 'andator.#

A$"i.n

/n th A%%ndi o& this %a%r / ha r%rod!cd th %a%r on th sa' s!bct b.th /ntrnationa" Crisis 6ro!% (Dc'br 2011) and thir rco''ndd actions#

Ad'irab" tho!*h th. ar, th rco''ndations i"" b rctd in toto b. th SriLan+an 6orn'nt, a""oin* in tri!'%ha"is'# or i"" Sri Lan+as 3/ntrnationa"Partnrs or to th I? and M'br StatsJ i"" b# $hat is ra"it. < realpolitic’.

Realpolitic sti"" r!"s hn h!'an ri*hts, inc"!din* ra% and tort!r, co's !%a*ainst s!%r%or intrsts# -a'%"s ar si'%". too n!'ro!s to rco!nt#

/t '!st b r''brd that th na' o& th *a' is &or intrnationa" %"a.rs to *t a&ootho"d in Sri Lan+a &or th contro" o& th cono'ica"". cr!cia" /ndian =can astridhich Sri Lan+a is "ocatd# 7!st as oi" is th 3%rob"' in th Midd" -ast, it is SriLan+as *o*ra%hica" %osition astrid th /ndian =can that is th 3%rob"' &or th$a'i"s#

/t is co!ntris s!ch as China, /ndia, and n th ?S, that s!%%"id th ncssar.'on. and a%ons &or th 6oSL to cr!sh th $a'i"s# $h. no ant th 3s%oi"s o&ar < a &ootho"d in Sri Lan+a, !st as th Sri Lan+an Ar'd Forcs ant thir sharo& th 3s%oi"s o& ar < th 3ri*ht to %"!ndr th $a'i" orth and -ast &or %rsona"&inancia" *ain, ith th 3ri*ht to ra% $a'i" o'n and *ir"s as a bon!s# $h SriLan+an *orn'nt co!"d not car "ss#

/t is an rcis in &!ti"it. to %"ad ith t.rants, rit "ttrs, or snd 'issions, to%"ad ith th' not to b cr!"# or is it orthhi" %assin* rso"!tions# As 6o&&r.Robrtson has %!t it, “the roa" to hell is pa&e" 'ith goo" on&entions!.

$his 3d&nsi stanc has nr or+d ith t.rants < th Raa%a+sas ar noc%tion#

$h a. &orard is to *t on th o&&nsi and hit hr it h!rts# An. othr strat*.i"" b "i+ %o!rin* atr on a d!c+s bac+#

Action is ndd, both in Sri Lan+a, and n 'or so, o!tsid that co!ntr. to &orcth r*i' to addrss th %rob"'(s)#

1# Action ithin th co!ntr. is di&&ic!"t, i& not i'%ossib", ith a $ota"itarian br!ta"r*i' in %or# $hat said, th 3Midd" -ast S%rin* dos d'onstrat hatis %ossib"# A cr!cia" %oint is that in a"" th co!ntris hr t.rants ha bnorthron, it has bn a "oca" !%risin* b!t aidd &ro' o!tsid# S!ch o!tsidaid 'i*ht not b &orthco'in* in Sri Lan+a# onth"ss, a %ro%a*anda

>




ca'%ai*n in th Sinha"a So!th that hat has ha%%nd (and is ha%%nin*) toth $a'i"s 'i*ht "" ha%%n to th' to'orro (i& it has not stard a"rad.)#

An o!tstandin* *ro!% o& $a'i"s ho "ab" th's"s I$a'i" Cii" Socit.has rcnt". rittn a IP!b"ic M'oJ hich cha""n*s th %o"iticians to 3doso'thin*# $h. inc"!d hi*h". co''ittd %o%" s!ch as th Ro'anCatho"ic Bisho% o& Mannar, th Most R Dr Ra.a%%! 7os%h# $h. ar "i+".to %"a. a critica" h!'anitarian ro" in th orth and -ast#

$hr ar a"so concrnd Sinha"s, ho can ra"". th or+in* c"asss in thSinha"s So!th, hich i"" %os a srio!s thrat to th t.rants in %or#

2# Action ta+n o!tsid th co!ntr. is cr!cia"# -ssntia"". this 'ans to thin*s#1) to ta+ th cri'ina"s to Co!rt and char* th' ith cri's a*ainsth!'anit.# 2) to iso"at th r*i' (as as don in a%arthid So!th A&rica)hich rs!"td in th dis'ant"in* o& that drad&!" r*i'# Disc!ssin* this on arcnt isit to So!th A&rica / as to"d that on". to thin*s or+d in

dis'ant"in* th a%arthid r*i' trad sanctions and th s%orts bo.cott,s%cia"". cric+t#

$hr is not th s"i*htst do!bt that a bo.cott o& *oods and srics in and o!t o& SriLan+a is ssntia", until th h!'an ri*hts ab!s is sto%%d, and h!'anitarianor*anisations, h!'an ri*hts *ro!%s and intrnationa" obsrrs ar ad'ittd to thorth and -ast# $his '!st b "" or*anisd and cond!ctd# $his is not so'thin*that can b d"a.d, *in th ra%id". dtrioratin* h!'an ri*hts sit!ation#

$hr is a"so no do!bt that cri'ina" %rocdin*s '!st b initiatd# /t is i'%rati ton*a* "a.rs s!ch as 6o&&r. Robrtson GC ho has a ast %rinc in thisara, so that th cri'ina"s (%ast and %rsnt) can b h"d acco!ntab" (as ha%%nd

in th &or'r E!*os"aia and Randa tria"s / ha r&rrd to)#

Mr Robrtson da"t ith so' o& this in an intri in London hich / ha rcorddin '. dd, Sri Lanka; Genoci"e# rimes against Humanity# )iolation of InternationalLa'.

H said;

“ 'he !uman Rights ouncil is a highly politicise" bo"y. It is ma"e up not of e7pertson human rights# but of paltering "iplomats. (urope only has se&en seats 5 Weha&e countries like Russia an" hina ob&iously concerne" to keep their o'n internal problems "o'n an" a'ay from international o&ersight.

Ho'e&er that’s not the en" of the story in the 01 sense. 01 officials can still lookinto it. Sir ohn Holmes is concerne". u"ge 1a&i 4illay 'ants to con"uct anin&estigation.

Bore importantly# there is the (% !uman Rights ommittee 'hich sits in Gene&a.It is a kin" of court an" in"i&i"uals can complain to it. 0nusually# Sri Lanka hasactually signe" up to the International on&ention on Human Rights 'hich has thisbo"y that in&estigates complaints. So any in"i&i"ual can complain against Sri Lanka.!

So there is certainly going to be an in*uiry# I 'oul" ha&e thought# by Human Rightsommittee.

%n" there are other possibilities 8 the on&ention on $orture# the on&ention on

>






Chad, ho had tort!rd and +i""d so' 40,000 %o%" in Chad, sca%d to Sn*a"and as "iin* thr#

$hos ho antd Habr h"d acco!ntab", co!"d not, bca!s th. r not a3Stat# Hor, B"*i!' (a Stat) too+ !% th cas and too+ Sn*a" to th or"dCo!rt and had th' cond'nd and &orcd to %!t Habr on tria"#

/t is %ossib" that th $a'i" %o%" can *t so' Stat Canada or Ma!riti!s (both o&hich too+ s!ch a stron* stanc a*ainst th 6oSL &or its h!'an ri*hts rcord andbo.cottd CH=6M), or B"*i!' or Ho""and or a s.'%athtic -!ro%an Stat, to ta+Sri Lan+a to th or"d Co!rt#

$his c"ar". ino"s %o"itica" %rss!r hich can b 'o!ntd#

T) UN H%(an Ri1)"' C.((i""

As has bn 'ntiond ar"ir, this is not a Co!rt b!t a *ro!% o& 1 or"d %rts

('ain". !d*s and "a.rs) ho sit in 6na and dcid hthr Cii" and %o"itica"Ri*hts ha bn io"atd# /t is a %or&!" ?nitd ations or*an ith dirct accss toth ?nitd ations#

Sri Lan+a has si*nd th 1st =%tiona" Protoco" to th /ntrnationa" Conant on Cii"and Po"itica" Ri*hts, hich a""os co'%"aints (*ro!% or n indiid!a" co'%"aints) tob bro!*ht to th H!'an Ri*hts Co''itt &or io"ation o& Cii" and Po"itica" ri*hts#

/& ths co'%"aints ar !%h"d b. this ? bod., it can rs!"t in a ran* o& r'dis,inc"!din* co'%nsation, &or thos a&&ctd#

a) $his can, as 'ntiond, b a *ro!% co'%"aint < sa. b. ''brs o& th

%atriat $a'i" co''!nit. on bha"& o& th %o%" in th $a'i" orth and-ast hos ri*hts ha bn io"atd#

b) /t can b an indiid!a" co'%"aint b. an a&&ctd indiid!a", as "on* as h:shis %r%ard to tsti&. b&or th H!'an Ri*hts Co''itt and b s%ci&ic asto hat ha%%nd, hn and b. ho'#

$h 'ost snsib" action is &or so' or*anisation to *t a %or&!" "*a" ta'to*thr that can do th ncssar. rsarch (hich is radi". aai"ab" &ro' as."!'s+rs and a"so &ro' H!'an Ri*hts atch < doc!'ntd in th A%%ndi o& thir%!b"ication <IWe shall teach you a lesson! ) and s!b'it it to th ? H!'an Ri*htsCo''itt#

/ ha *on into this in so' dtai" inc"!din* th costs ino"d hich ar n*"i*ib"*in th %ro&icinc. o& th "*a" %rtis ino"d#

Ur1n$y ./ A$"i.n an ") a$"i.n n

Li& &or $a'i" o'n and *ir"s in th Sri Lan+an orth and -ast is no so dan*ro!sthat it can b ca""d a crisis# /n 'or than si dcads that / ha bn ino"d inaddrssin* this %rob"' o& 5!a"it., di*nit. and sa&t. o& th $a'i" %o%", / cannotr''br a ti' hn "i& has bn so dan*ro!s &or $a'i" o'n and *ir"s in thorth and -ast# $hr is an abso"!t nd to act and to do so itho!t &!rthr d"a.#

/ i"" st o!t hat has to b don i''diat".;

0




1# $h i''diat ad'ission o& A'nst. /ntrnationa", H!'an Ri*hts atch and/ntrnationa" Crisis 6ro!% into th orth and -ast#

2# /& this is b"oc+d b. th Sri Lan+an 6orn'nt (hich it i"" b), thn it i""ha to b don b. &orc < b. th ? or a &ori*n co!ntr. < th 'ost obio!sbin* /ndia#

8# $h ? i"" ha to a%%". th R2P# $hr is %roision in R2P &or tha%%"ication o& &orc 3as a "ast rsort# $hat ti' has no co'#

4# $hr is a cas &or a ? 3rsc! o%ration and th ta+in* or o& th SriLan+an orth and -ast as a ? ad'inistrd 3%rotctorat at "ast &or th'o'nt# As th ? Forcs 'o in, th Sri Lan+an 'i"itar. i"" ha to 'oo!t#

# /ndia < th 'aor r*iona" %or < i"" ha to b coo%td b. th ? to do

so' o& this !ndr th ? &"a*#

># An i''diat intrnationa" insti*ation i"" ha to b "a!nchd to "oo+ atnot on". hat has ha%%nd b!t hat is ha%%nin* ri*ht no# $o stat thatthis is an 3intrna" %rob"' that Sri Lan+a i"" ha to addrss, is abso"!tnonsns# /t i"" not ha%%n#

# An intrnationa" cri'ina" insti*ation has to b "a!nchd to char* thosrs%onsib" &or cri'ina" actiit., %ast or %rsnt, irrs%cti o& thir thnicit.,stat!s or %osition#

# A bo.cott o& *oods and srics in and o!t o& Sri Lan+a < as as don

a*ainst A%arthid So!th A&rica < i"" ha b don at onc, and 'aintaind!nti" th srio!s ab!s o& h!'an ri*hts cass and intrnationa" h!'an ri*hts*ro!%s ad'ittd to th co!ntr. in *nra", th $a'i" aras in %artic!"ar#

9# Po%" o!tsid Sri Lan+a i"" ha to b a%%risd o& hat is *oin* on bhindth c"osd and cnsord doors o& Sri Lan+a# $h 6oSL has 'o!ntd a'assi disin&or'ation ca'%ai*n, hirin* so' o& th 'ost %nsi &ir's inth or"d# $o a "ar* tnt this disin&or'ation ca'%ai*n has bn3s!ccss&!" in that th ast 'aorit. o& %o%" o!tsid Sri Lan+a b"i thdonri*ht "is b. th 6oSL and th hai". cnsord 'dia#

10# /t '!st b strssd that i&, as th Sri Lan+an *orn'nt c"ai's, 3$a'i"

trroris' has bn cr!shd, and 3a"" is "" in th $a'i" aras, it is i'%ossib"to !sti&. th contin!in* c"!sion o& intrnationa"". rco*nisd h!'an ri*htsor*anisations &ro' th ara#

11# A"" &ori*n aid to Sri Lan+a '!st b %!t on ho"d !nti" th h!'an ri*hts ab!sscas < so'thin* that '!st b con&ir'd b. A/ and HR#

/t is si'%". not *ood no!*h to ho% that th ? H!'an Ri*hts Co!nci" i"" act# /thas not don so &or 'or than 4 .ars and to ho% that it i"" do so no is co'%"t".!nra"istic# $hr is no %"ac &or 'or and 'or 3Rso"!tions !r*in* Sri Lan+a toaddrss th %rob"'# /t i"" not ha%%n# $h abso"!t inco'%tnc o& th H!'anRi*hts Co!nci" has bn d'onstratd .ar in .ar o!t &or &i .ars# $o ho% thatthis i"" chan* is an rcis in &!ti"it.#

1




A British co"onia" constr!ct has co""a%sd, as ha so 'an. co"onia" constr!ctsacross th or"d# $h %ric &or this has bn %aid b. th $a'i"s# $h %id'ic o&ra% o& $a'i" o'n and *ir"s is !st on o& a '!"tit!d o& h!'an ri*hts ab!ss o&th $a'i" %o%"# Britain has 'or than a s"i*ht rs%onsibi"it. &or th chaos in SriLan+a#

/& Britain as %art o& th %rob"', it '!st a"so b %art o& th so"!tion# $hat has notha%%nd# /ndd, Britain contin!s to +% Sri Lan+a in th British Co''ona"thds%it th o!tra*o!s h!'an ri*hts ab!s that has occ!rrd#

An ntir thnic *ro!%, th $a'i"s in th orth and -ast o& Sri Lan+a ar casin* toist as a %o%" and ar s!&&rin* indscribab" 'isr.# $h or"d cannot r'ain!naar o& this# A d'ocrac. has bn r%"acd b. a '!rdro!s $ota"itarian Stat!ndr on &a'i". < a 3Fa'i". a!tocrac. that can do hat it ants to an.on ith noacco!ntabi"it.#

/& th Sri Lan+an r*i' *ts aa. ith this, it i"" b tri!'%h o& i" hr 3*ood

'n ha don nothin*# $h or"d has atchd as t.rant a&tr t.rant hasstab"ishd t.rannica" r*i's# Sri Lan+a cannot b addd to this "ist# /& it is, thn thrst o& th or"d i"" ha to o%n its doors to as."!' s+rs &"in* a t.rannica"r*i'#

Brian Sniratn Brisban, A!stra"ia# March 2014

A%%ndi 1 /ntrnationa" Crisis 6ro!% (/C6)

2




Sri Lanka* "omen’s Insecurit& in the %orth and +ast, J, # Asia R%ort o 21 (20 Dc'br 2011)#

R-C=MM-DA$/=S

$h &o""oin* rco''ndations s!%%"'nt and co'%"'nt Crisis 6ro!%scontin!in* ca""s < as st &orth in Crisis 6ro!% Asia R%ort \209, Reconciliation inSri Lanka: Har"er than (&er , 1 7!". 2011 < &or an intrnationa" in5!ir. into tha""*d ar cri's and cri's a*ainst h!'anit. co''ittd b. both th L$$- and*orn'nt &orcs in th &ina" sta*s o& th ar, as "" as &or th rstoration o& thr!" o& "a and an nd to corr!%tion, i'%!nit. and a!thoritarianis' thro!*ho!t thco!ntr.# hi" th *orn'nt has %ro'otd th Sri Lan+an 6orn'ntsLssons Larnt and Rconci"iation Co''ission (LLRC) as th cornrston o& its%ostar acco!ntabi"it. %rocss, srio!s d&icincis in its ind%ndnc, 'andatand itnss %rotction ca%acit. ha cri%%"d it# $h LLRCs r%ort, hichac+no"d*s i'%ortant *riancs and 'a+s a n!'br o& snsib"

rco''ndations, !"ti'at". &ai"s to 5!stion th *orn'nts rsion o& ntsith an. ri*o!r# $h!s, in tr's o& acco!ntabi"it., th 5!stion r'ains; is th*orn'nt i""in* and ab" to ho"d acco!ntab" thos rs%onsib" &or a""*dcri's $o dat it has &ai"d to d'onstrat that it is#

T. ") G.&rn(n" ./ Sri Lan6a: 1# Ac+no"d* that o'n and *ir"s in th north and ast &ac srio!s thrats tothir cono'ic and %h.sica" sc!rit. and co''it to rd!c thos thrats, inc"!din*b.;

a) rd!cin* th 'i"itar. %rsnc in thos aras s!bstantia"". b. c"osin*'i"itar. ca'%s and chc+%oints, rt!rnin* a"" %ro%rt. sid b. th 'i"itar. tori*ht&!" onrs, ndin* th 'i"itar.s ino"'nt in co''rcia" actiitis, &!"".d'obi"isin* troo%s < inc"!din* insti*atin* and %rosc!tin* a""*d ab!ss < and rint*ratin* so"dirs ith thir &a'i"is and into thir co''!nitis

b) do"in* %or to %roincia" and "oca" *orn'nt str!ct!rs and o&&icia"sin th north and ast, inc"!din* b. %ditin* "ctions &or th orthrnProincia" Co!nci" and dcntra"isin* dcision'a+in* on cono'icd"o%'nt

c) r&or'in* th %o"ic %rsnc in thos aras b. rcr!itin* 'a" and &'a"$a'i"s and M!s"i's at a"" ran+s and *iin* th' ra" a!thorit. to bttr r&"ctth %o%!"ations srd, and b. trainin* th %o"ic to antici%at and rs%ond toth sc!rit. nds o& o'n and *ir"s, inc"!din* as r*ards *ndrbasdio"nc and

d) %rioritisin* rconstr!ction and d"o%'nt %rocts that i"" %rotct thri*hts o& and '%or o'n in thos aras, inc"!din* b. co''ittin**orn'nt &!nds (s Rco''ndation b"o &or s!**std %rocts)#

2# Ris *orn'nt %o"icis that ar incrasin* o'ns !"nrabi"it. in thnorth and ast, inc"!din* b.;

a) ndin* hat is sti"" in &&ct a stat o& 'r*nc. and 'i"itar. r!" andns!rin* antitrroris' "as and %ractics ar bro!*ht into "in ithintrnationa" "*a" standards

b) 'a+in* aai"ab" to &a'i". ''brs th na's and "ocations o& a""indiid!a"s dtaind &or s!s%ctd ino"'nt in th L$$-, inc"!din* thos in

0 htt%;::#crisis*ro!%#or*:n:r*ions:asia:so!thasia:sri"an+a:21sri"an+ao'nsinsc!rit.inthnorthandast#as%

8




rhabi"itation cntrs %roidin* dtains ith accss to "a.rs andns!rin* basic d! %rocss ri*hts and a""oin* th /ntrnationa" Co''itto& th Rd Cross (/CRC) to 'onitor conditions o& dtntion and &aci"itat&a'i". isitation and co''!nication ith dtains in a"" %arts o& th co!ntr.

c) sto%%in* a"" ad hoc isits b. th 'i"itar. to o'ns ho's as "" as a""

s!ri""anc o& a""*d &or'r L$$- cadrs !n"ss it is d'onstratd thro!*ha crdib" !dicia" %rocss that th. %os a thrat to %!b"ic sa&t. andothris ndin* th rcis o& cii"ian &!nctions b. th 'i"itar.

d) iss!in* acc!rat dath crti&icats or dc"arations o& absnc &or thosho r +i""d or nt 'issin* in th con&"ict, itho!t co'%ro'isin* thri*hts o& &a'i". ''brs to s+ &!rthr in&or'ation or r'dis

) %r'ittin* &!"" &rdo' o& 'o'nt and ass'b". in th north and ast,inc"!din* &or "oca" o'ns or*anisations and

&) rd!cin* rstrictions on and i'%roin* accss &or h!'anitarian and cii"socit. *ro!%s, and a""oin* th' to incras ""s o& assistanc < inc"!din*to addrss %s.chosocia" iss!s, r%rod!cti ha"th and *ndrbasdio"nc < ith in%!t &ro' "oca" co''!nitis and "oca" o'ns *ro!%s#

T. Sri Lan6a-' In"rna"i.na0 Par"nr', in$0%in1 C)ina, Inia, ;a+an, ") U2S2,UK, EU an UN:

8# -a"!at a"" aid, inst'nt and n*a*'nt in "i*ht o& th ris+s o& a rt!rn tocon&"ict and o& incrasin* o'ns insc!rit. in th &or'r ar on, and insist on'tin* intrnationa" standards and ns!rin* th hi*hst ""s o& trans%arnc.,trna" 'onitorin* and nondiscri'inator. co''!nit. %artici%ation in sttin*%rioritis#

4# Hi*h"i*ht consistnt". in %!b"ic and %riat co''!nications th iss!s that a&&cta"" o& Sri Lan+as thnic co''!nitis, inc"!din* *roin* a!thoritarianis','i"itarisation, a+ r!" o& "a, i'%!nit., corr!%tion and r%rssion o& dissnt, as ""as *ndrbasd io"nc and cono'ic in5!itis &or o'n#

# Conn a hi*h"" 'tin* o& donors and othr d"o%'nt %artnrs, inc"!din*th or"d Ban+ and Asian D"o%'nt Ban+, as "" as co''!nit. "adrs andactiists +no"d*ab" abo!t o'ns iss!s in th north and ast, to a*r !%onand rati&. ith th *orn'nt a stron* st o& %rinci%"s &or th d"ir. and'onitorin* o& assistanc < inc"!din* acco!ntabi"it. &or %ast and contin!in* h!'anri*hts ab!ss and to &!"". &!nd a concrt st o& rconstr!ction and d"o%'nt%rocts to b co'%"td in 2012 that i"" h"% %rotct and '%or o'n in th

north and ast, s!ch as;a) a co'%rhnsi, ind%ndnt assss'nt o& th nds and!"nrabi"itis o& this %o%!"ation

b) %ditd constr!ction o& sa&, %r'annt ho!sin* and sanitation &aci"itis&or thos at *ratst ris+ o& io"nc

c) trainin*, 5!i%'nt and %ro&ssiona" s!%%ort &or 'obi" ha"th c"inicssta&&d in %art b. "oca" &'a" rsidnts

d) s!%%ort to and %rotction &or "oca" o'ns *ro!%s to stab"ish o'nscntrs &or 'tin*s, trainin* and co""cti or+ s%acs

) a nationid %ro*ra' "d b. /CRC and "oca" non*orn'nta" %artnrs tor*istr and trac 'issin* %rsons and &aci"itat &a'i". accss to dtains

4




&) initiatis to start co""ctin* co'%rhnsi data on, and bttr rs%ond to,*ndrbasd io"nc, inc"!din* a nationid io"nca*ainsto'n h"%"in, th a%%oint'nt o& !dicia" 'dica" o&&icrs (7M=s) &or r. district, andth stab"ish'nt o& o'n&rind". ds+s in a"" %o"ic stations so o'ncan 'a+ co'%"aints in thir on "an*!a* and in th %rsnc o& &'a"o&&icrs

*) trainin* on *ndrbasd io"nc and nationa" do'stic io"nc "as &ora"" *orn'nt o&&icia"s and %o"ic o&&icrs in th north and ast and

h) trainin* on *ndrbasd io"nc and nationa" do'stic io"nc "as,r%rod!cti ha"th d!cation and s!%%ort, %s.chosocia" s!%%ort andd'obi"isation co!ns""in* &or c!rrnt and, as ndd, &or'r ''brs o& thsc!rit. &orcs < %roidd b. 5!a"i&id "oca" or intrnationa" %rts, not b.othr nationa" 'i"itaris#

T. ") UN an M(br S"a"':

># -ndors th &indin*s and rco''ndations o& ario!s ? bodis r*ardin* Sri

Lan+a, inc"!din* th &orthco'in* r%ort o& th Scrtar.6nra"s S%cia"R%rsntati on Con&"ictr"atd S!a" io"nc th Scrtar.6nra"s!%co'in* ri o& ? actions d!rin* th &ina" sta*s o& th ar, as anno!ncd inS%t'br 2011 th o'br 2011 r%ort o& th Co''itt A*ainst $ort!r th A%ri" 2011 r%ort o& th Scrtar.6nra"s Pan" o& -%rts on Acco!ntabi"it., andth Fbr!ar. 2011 r%ort o& th Co''itt on th -"i'ination o& Discri'inationa*ainst o'n < and ns!r that th ? s.st', inc"!din* th co!ntr. ta' in SriLan+a, or+s toard &!"&i"'nt o& ths rco''ndations#

# $a+ action on ths &indin*s and rco''ndations, inc"!din* at th H!'anRi*hts Co!nci" sssion in March 2012 and d!rin* Sri Lan+as scond ?nirsa"Priodic Ri in S%t'br 2012#

# -ns!r, in %artic!"ar, that th ? co!ntr. ta' in Sri Lan+a ta+s a stron* stand tod'and accss and s%a+ o!t abo!t %rotction concrns, inc"!din* &or o'n and*ir"s in th north and ast, and that a"" ? sta&& and sta&& &or ?&!ndd %ro*ra'sor+in* in th north and ast ar ad5!at". traind on th %ostar nds andconcrns o& o'n in thos aras and to n*a* th %rtis o& "oca" o'ns*ro!%s#

9# Ri Sri Lan+as contrib!tions to ? %ac+%in* o%rations and r&rain &ro'acc%tin* n %artici%ation o& its troo%s !nti" thr is a crdib" insti*ation o& tha""*ations a*ainst th 'i"itar. in th ? %an" o& %rts r%ort#

C.0.(b.>Br%''0', ? D$(br ?@@

A%%ndi 2 H!'an Ri*hts atch 2> Fbr!ar. 2018




$his is on o& th 'ost i'%ortant %!b"ications r %!b"ishd on this s!bct# /t is nota %a%r that can b s!''arisd, nor sho!"d it b# /t is ssntia" radin*&or an.on intrstd on th s!bct# =& %artic!"ar i'%ortanc is th A%%ndi hich doc!'nts in dtai" th s!a" ab!s o& ($a'i")%o%"#

/t is "*a"". i'%ortant sinc i& "*a" action is ta+n, th idnc doc!'ntd can b!sd in a char* o& cri's a*ainst h!'anit. or n *nocid# HR has thncssar. %a%rs hich i"" %rs!'ab". b %rod!cd hn ncssar.#

W Wi00 Ta$) Y.% a L''.n

Sexual Violence against 'amils b& Sri Lankan Securit& -orces

@. Rco''ndations

H!'an Ri*hts atch !r*s th Sri Lan+an 6orn'nt to;

• /nsti*at a"" a""*ations o& ra% and othr s!a" io"nc b. Sri Lan+ansc!rit. &orcs, inc"!din* &ro' th ar'd con&"ict %riod as "" as th .arssinc# Prosc!t thos rs%onsib" &or ths cri's, inc"!din* %rsons ithco''and or othr s!%rior rs%onsibi"it., in %rocdin*s that 'tintrnationa" &air tria" standards# P!b"ici th o!tco' o& s!ch %rosc!tions,inc"!din* b. %roidin* in&or'ation on th %!nish'nts 'td o!t, and thrdrss and co'%nsation %roidd to icti's

• R%a" th Prntion o& $rroris' Act (P$A), and abo"ish th s.st' o&dtntion itho!t char* or tria"

• /''diat". "i&t accss rstrictions i'%osd b. th Prsidntia" $as+ Forc onRstt"'nt, Rconstr!ction and Sc!rit. in th orthrn Proinc (P$F) sothat 'dica" %rsonn", co!ns""ors, and 6=s %roidin* %s.chosocia"

s!%%ort and ind%ndnt 'dica" a'ination and trat'nt can rachicti's o& h!'an ri*hts io"ations• R"as a"" indiid!a"s ho ha bn arrstd !ndr 'r*nc. or anti

trroris' "as, !n"ss th. ar char*d ith rco*nid cri'ina" o&&nss#Cond!ct %ro'%t tria"s that 't intrnationa" d! %rocss standards

]1^ ?HCR -"i*ibi"it. 6!id"ins &or Assssin* th /ntrnationa" Protction ds o& As."!'S+rs&ro' Sri Lan+a, Dc'br 21, 2012 21,2012,_ HCR:-6:L@A:12:04,_ aai"ab" at;htt%;::#!nhcr#or*:r&or"d:docid:0d1a02#ht'" (accssd Dc'br 2, 2012)#

]2^? Scrtar.6nra", R%ort o& th ? Scrtar. 6nra"s Pan" o& -%rts on Acco!ntabi"it. in Sri

http://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/02/26/we-will-teach-you-lesson-0

http://www.hrw.org/node/113787/section/3#_ftnref1


http://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/02/26/we-will-teach-you-lesson-0



SRI LANKA: RAPE OF TAMIL WOMEN, MEN AND CHILDREN BY THE SRI LANKAN ARMED FORCES AND THEIR COLLABORATORS

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