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SLOVENSKÁREČ

ROČNÍK 68 – 2003ČÍSLO 6

Martin Ološtiak

NORMA, ÚZUS, KODIFIKÁCIA VO VZŤAHU K ANGLICKM AN!RO"ON#MÁM V SLOV$N%IN$

OLOŠTIAK, M.: Norms, Usage, o!"#"$a%"o& a&! '&g("s) A&%)ro*o&+ms "& S(oa-. S(oe&s-re/, 68, 2003, No. 6, **. 32 – 331. ra%"s(aa4.

T)e ma"& o5e$%"e o# %)e *a*er "s %o $)ara$%er"7e '&g("s) *erso&a( &ames 'N4 "& S(oa- 9"%)regar! %o %)e &o%"o& o# (a&gage &orms, sage a&! $o!"#"$a%"o&. 'N o$$*+ %)e *er"*)er+ o# *er"*)er+"& %)e s+s%em o# S(oa- (a&gage; %)"s #a$% "s re#(e$%e! "& a(( #ea%res o# (a&gage &orms &orms are *re<!om"&a&%(+ "&)ere&%, "m*("$"%, o5("ga%or+, s%a5(e a&! ar"a5(e4.

T)e !+&am"$ $)ara$%er o# (a&gage "s ma&"#es%e! "& ar"a5"("%+. =+&am"sm a&! ar"a5"("%+ are "&<)ere&% #ea%res o# #ore"g& *ro*er &ames "& S(oa-. T)e !egree o# ar"a5"("%+ "s !e*e&!e&% o& %)e "&%er("&<g"s%"$, "&%ra("&g"s%"$ a&! e>%ra("&g"s%"$ $"r$ms%a&$es, a&! "% "s a(so "&%erre(a%e! 9"%) %)e $o&$e*% o#o5("ga%or"&ess, 9)"$) "s 5ase! o& %)e a%%"%!es o# a s*ee$) $omm&"%+. T)e s"g&"#"$a&% ro(e "s a(so *(a+e! 5+ ?$o

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F Pa(om -(a!e 5!eme e&oa *o7or&os &am a7+-om &ormm, a<a- 7)a!om &a s-%o/&os, He a7+- e so$"(&+ #e&omJ&, &"e-%or$) *r*a!o$)

 e !V(eH"%J 5ra !o Qa)+ a &orm+ "rom 7m+s(e s(oa.. '>"s%e "a$ero -o&$e*$" &or"em,2 *r"/om, a-o !7a . Š"-ra, %"e%o &7o<

r+ sQ *o!m"e&e&J %m, ?&a -%ore o&%o(og"$-e Qro&" sa %"e%o e&%"%+ Ca7+-oJ &orm+ – M. O.D *(a%WQ@ Š"-ra, 0, s. 04. e!&m %a-m%o *G(om, - -%orJmsmere $)*a&"e *om &orma, e a7+-o s+s%Jm a !r)m *G(om e Q7s; a7+<-oJ &orm+ %e!a +%raQ s%re!& /(&o- oser"oe %r"!e  systém – norma –reč/úzus *omos(o *raHs-e -o(+ "!e o eo5e$&J $)*a&"e &orm+4, *o*r"%om saaHe a o 7a) úzus – norma – kodifikácia "!e o s*"so&Q &orm; Ne5es-,6, s. 26, 3 – 0; *oro. a Ne5es-, 2; No-, X4.

. Yore$- !e#"&e a7+-oQ &orm a-o ?*ra"!(o *re a7+-oJ s*ra&"e,-%orJ moHWe ro7(", /o e !a&om a7+-oom ra7e s*r&e, )o!&J a /o &e<

s*r&e@ Yore$-, 82, s. X04. Ta-J%o $)*a&"e &orm+ 7a)r&e re/oQ -om&"-

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?!o5rJ@, Q/e(&J – a!e-%&e, Qs*e&J a e#e-%&e - %om *oro. =o(&-, 04.  

 Norma %e!a a7+-oe -om&"-$"" *(& a Q(o) a5s%ra-$", -ore-$", !"re-%,-%orJ smerWQ a7+-oJ s*ra&"e -om&"-a&%o.

F %e%o *r$" sa *r"mr&e *o)+5eme *r"es%ore s*"so&e a %a&!ar!&e a<r"e%+1 &ro!&J)o a7+-a Yore$-, X4. r" Pa(e *e$"#"-$"" %o)%o *r"es%or s" *omVHeme Qa)am" . os-a 04 o +me!7e& -om&"-a/&$) s#Jr s o)a!om&a e!&o%("J Q%ar+ &ro!&J)o a7+-a. o!a %o)o a%or ro7("e !e 7-(a!&J-om&"-a/&J s#Jr+ I. o#"$"(& a ere&Q s#Jr – $e(os*o(o/e&s- s%+-; II.ere&Q&eere&Q &eo#"$"(& s#Jr – 5eH& !oro7m"ea$ s%+-4 a es H$) s#Jr *o!a %Jm+ -om&"-$"e . )os*o!rs-a, s*o(o/e&s-, *o("%"$- a orga&"7a/& /"&<

&os, 2. maso "orm$"a a *ro*aga&!a, 3. e!a a *o*(ar"7$"a e!+, . orga&"7o<a& -a, 1. me(e$- ("%era%Qra a 6. es%e%"$-J *Vso5e&"e – !"a!(o, #"(m a*.4. Na7-(a!e %o)o s" mame #&goa&"e $!7$) a&%ro*o&m6 &am $e(os*o(o/e&s-e-om&"-$"", %. . o#"$"(&e a ere&e -om&"-a/&e s#Jre. o!a %Jm+ -om&"-<$"e e %o &am maso "orm$"a – o5(as masme!"(&e -om&"-$"e %o%"H *a%r sQ/as&os%" - )(a&m -a%a(+7%orom "& s*"so&e s(oe&/"&+ &a*r. Š"-ra,04. S%re!o5o!om &)o 7m e %e!a % o5(as &ro!&J)o a7+-a, -%or sa +<7&a/e re(a%&e e-o m"ero &ormoa&os%". F+$)!7ame *r"%om 7 *o7&mo- .Yore$-J)o X, s. X4, -%or )oor, He &a&"H s%*eW &ormoa&os%" e *r" "&%er< *erso&(&e -om&"-$"" a &a+ *r" masoe -om&"-$"" &ormoa&os mas<mJ!"$) sa sQ/as&os%" os(a5e4.

S*"so& ar"e%a &ro!&J)o a7+-a m *res%H&+ $)ara-%er, *oHa sa o#"<$"(&e -om&"-a/&e s#Jre mJ!", -o(s%o, a!m"&"s%ra%a a%P.4. F &ae a7+<-oe!&e %ra!$"" sa s*"so&Jm a7+- e&oa(a a e&e4 e- *o7or&os, X *r"</om sa !o !&e&J)o !Wa +-r+%a("7oa(" !a 7-(a!&J *rs%*+ - s*"so&e s(oe&</"&e: ?&orma%""s%"$-@ a so$"o("&g"s%"$- O&!reo"/, Xa4. TQ%o !"erge&%&osre#(e-%e a . =o(&- X4, -%or )oor o !e!-%&om a *ragma%"$-om %a&!ar<!e. oem )o!&o%"a$" %a&!ar!  e $)o!"s-om e)o aHoa&"a o -(%Qre s*"so&e

 . Š"-ra 04 aHe o !o$) rea("7$"$) &orm+: &a Qro&" "&!""!(&e)o a7+-oJ)o e!o<m"a )oor o ?-o&-rJ%&e@ rea("7$"" &orm+ a &a Qro&" s*o(o/e&s-J)o a7+-oJ)o e!om"a o ?a5s%ra-%<&e@ rea("7$"". Na 7-(a!e *omoe a&a(Gg"e &a*r. 7 #o&e%"-+ a #o&o(Gg"e #G&a – #o&Jma4 5+ sa %e%osQ"s(os%" !a(o aHoa o ?&orme@ a-o -o&-rJ%&e rea("7$"" a o ?&ormJme@ a-o a5s%ra-%&om ?"!e@

#&goa&"a a7+-oe &orm+.1 Term& varieta $)*eme 7)o!e s . os-om 0, 34; *oro. a S(a&/o – So-o(o

4.6 oem cudzie antroponymá A4 *oHame a-o )+*ero&+mm; soe 7"s%e&"a !o-(a!me &a<

m &a ma%er"(" anglických antroponým/antropoleém AA4.X oro. &a*r. 75or&-+ 7 a7+-oe!&$) -oere&$": K(%Qra s*"so&e s(oe&/"&+ 6X4, \ %e<

Gr"e s*"so&e s(oe&/"&+ X4, A-%(& o%7-+ a7+-oJ -(%r+ so$"a("s%"$-J s*o(e/&os%" X4,a7+-o *o("%"-a a a7+-o -(%Qra 864, S*"so& s(oe&/"&a a a7+-o -(%Qra 14.S(oe&s- re/, 68, 2003, /. 6 6X 

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s(oe&/"&+; )o!&o%"a$" %a&!ar! !e#"&e a-o e("/"&, "!e(, 7or, *o!a -%orJ)o sa)o!&o% a7+-o QroeW -om&"-%o.4

.. Š*e$"#"$-os, &"e-%or$) *r*a!o$) aH e>-(7&os, e>o%"$-os A sa *reae a o e%-$) a%r"5Q%o$), -%orm" sa a7+-oJ &orm+ +7&a/Q. F5ero<o "!e o %"e%o a%r"5Q%+: inherentnos! " implic i tnos! " záv#znos! " ustálenos!a variantnos!   Ne5es-, 8, 64.

... $nherentnos! o!rHa samo7remQ s-%o/&os, He &orma e samom a7+-, e e)o sQ/aso. A- $)*eme "&)ere&%&os %a-m%o s*Vso5om, 7-o&"%e sa!os%a&eme - o%7-e 7a) &orm+ - s+s%Jm a - a7+- Ne5es-, 6, s. 1 &.4.Fo 7a) - s+s%Jm moH&o *oe!a, He &orma e s*o(o/e&s-o rea("7$"o a7+<

-oJ)o s+s%Jm, *r"/om s+s%Jmoos sa &ero& &orme – *re aHoa&"e o A e *o7or)o!& m"e&-a o as+me%r"$-os%" me!7" &ormo a s+s%Jmom.8 A s%oa &a *er"<#Jr"" *er"#Jr"e a7+-oJ)o s+s%Jm, "$) *e$"#"$-os sa *reae o ra7oe " <7&amoe s%r&-e O(o%"a-, 2004. Ta-"s%o 7&"-aQ$e &orm+ - *om *o7r" O(o<%"a-, 20034, -%orJ sa *(a%WQ *r" A, ?*reras%aQ@ a7+-o s+s%Jm s(oe&/"&+; *re!oe%-m "!e o 7e&Q m"er ar"a&%&os%" &am o 7-oe ro"&e *oro...4.

. .2 .  $mplici tnos!  e *o!a I. Ne5es-e o*. $"%., s. 2X4 ?&e]!omoa&7&a(os% s*"so&J &orm+@. M"era e!ome&"a s" a7+-o$) *r-o s*"so&e ar"e%+7"s o! rV7&+$) #a-%oro %er"%or"(&+$), so$"(&+$), "&!""!(&+$) a ".4. Im*("$"%<&oso sa &orma (" o! -o!"#"-$"e, -%or e e>*("$"%&. Ko!"#"-$"a e 7sa)om

7o&-, e %o !o "s%e m"er+ me(, "&%"%$"o&(&+ -ro-, 7a%"a /o &orm+ sQ a7+<-oom e!om &a rV7&+$) s%*Wo$) *r"ro!7e&m s*Vso5om "&%er"or"7oa&J. I&%er"<or"7$"o sa %e!a a7+-o *ro- *os%*&e s%a &ee!omoa&m "m*("$"%&e *r%om&m a7+-oom e!om -om&"-a&%a4.  ro$es "&%er"or"7$"e -(a!a&"a4 a7+-o$) *r-o !o a7+-oJ)o e!om"a *re5"e)a *o!s%a%e !oa-o: . *r"ro!7e&m s*Vso5om o&%oge&e%"$-m osooa&m s" re/", *o/Qa&m, &a*o!o5<Woa&m, s*o&%&&+m )oore&m4; 2. 7mer&m /e&m. KePHe *r" A sa *ro$es"&%er"or"7$"e &e*(a%We o&%oge&e%"$-+, o %o !V(eH"%e" Q(o) 7o)ra ?me( o&<%oge&J7a@, %. . ?/e&"e sa@ &a*o!o5Woa&m 7oro.0 MVHe s %"eH o *(a%&e&"e

8 ?Na e!&J s%ra&] e s+s%Jm "r &eH &orma, *ro%oHe 7a)r&e " &erea("7oa&J moH&os%", &a s%ra&]!r)J e &orma o5em&], *ro%oHe e!&om s%r-%r&m e(eme&% m^He o!*o!a% " &]-o("- ar"a&%@

Ne5es-, 6, s. 1, $"%Q$ N. N. Seme&-oQ4. \a$)oa&"e s*"so&e &orm+ e a- "a$

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7&a(os% *rs(&J)o $!7"e)o a7+-a, *ra!a, o5me!7e&e m"ere 7)a!om &ao&omas%"$- s%a%s (as%&J)o me&a.

..3. o!s%a%o s*o(o/e&s-e *o!m"e&e&os%" e *re *oHa%eo a7+-a záv#znos! &orm+, *r"/om, *o!a I. Ne5es-e $. !., s. 4, s" moH&o *re!s%a" %a<-Q%o *os%*&os: pravidelnos! →  zvyklos! %konsenzus& →  záv#znos! . \7&os egara&%om re(a%&e4 e!&o%&os%" -G!, -%or *o!m"eWe Qs*e&os -om&"-$"e.r" *oro&a& A s !om$o (e>"-o a*e(a%&o " *ro*r"(&o4 e 7remJ, He #or<m(&a s%r&-a A sa *o$"e a-o me&e 77&, a %o &am *re so &es%<(e&os, +*(aQ$ 7o s+s%JmoJ)o m"es%a $!7$) *ro*r" a-o %a-$). r"ro!7e&e,%%o 77&os a a ar"a&%&os4 &"e e a&" *re AA a-o $e(o- ro&a-.

S o)a!om &a 77&os sa !V(eH"%o s%a a o%7-a *os%oo - a7+-oe &or<me. ?\"soa&"e *os%oo - a7+-oe &orme %a- mVHeme $)*a *re!oe%-m a-o7"soa&"e m"er+ e 77&os%"@ Ne5es-, o*. $"%., s. X4. A *r" $!7$) me&$) *(a% e!&o!$)J *ra"!(o, He /(oe- 7a &orm(&+$) o-o(&os% &emVHe ma o5e-%<&+ &7or &a %o, /o !os%a%o/&e &e*o7&, &eo(!a. A *re me!7ero"% a(e5o &"a- a7+-o -om*e%e&$"a s*Vso5e, He *os%oe 5eH&$) *oHa%eo a7+-a - o%7-e$!7$) m"e& &"e sQ !os%a%o/&e +-r+%a("7oa&J, a(e5o sa *o$"e (e& 7*or& )o!<&o%a %$)%o *os%oo, 7a(oHe& &a*r-(a! &a )o!&o%e& ?%o%o me&o &e"em +s(o"@.Kom&"-a&%" s" %o%"H e!omQ &am aH-os%", s -%orm" sa *r" *oHa& a7+<-o$) *ros%r"e!-o s%re%aQ, -ePHe ?)oor"a$" *oHaQ so %7. ma%er"&s- a7+- a%oma%"7oa&e a e)o #&goa&"e e *re &"$) samo7remJ@ Zr!-, X, s.

664.... Me!7" Pa("e (as%&os%" &orm+ *a%r ustálenos!    a variantnos! , 

-%orJ *re!s%aQ !e s%ra&+ e!&e m"&$e. A5+ a7+- mo)o( *(&" 7-(a!&Q !oro7<m"ea$" #&-$", ms sa r"a!" !os%a%o/&e s%a5"(&m" &ormam". Na !r)e s%ra&esa o s(oo )(s" *oH"a!a-a, a5+ a7+- *rH&e reagoa( &a &es%(e sa me&"a$m"moa7+-oQ s-%o/&os. T%o *oH"a!a-a sa o!rHa r/"%e m"ere ar"a&%&os%", *rH&os%" &or"em. F a7+- sa *reaQ o5e %e&!e&$"e, *re%o sa ("&g"s%"-e 7a"e!<(" *om+ pru'ná sta(ilita, pru'ná ustálenos!" pohy(livá rovnováha.

 Na Qo! sa &Q-a )+*o%J7a, He m"era s%(e&os%" a ar"a&%&os%"4 A 7)a!om&a rV7&e -om&"-a/&J s"%$"e a rV7&os a7+-o, 7 -%or$) !o s(oe&/"&+ (e>Jm+m"grQ, *r"ro!7e&e, &"e e ro&a-. Feo5e$&e *(a%, He #orm(&e"e o#"$"(&e"e4%+*+ -om&"-$"e sa +7&a/Q a(e5o 5+ sa ma(" +7&a/oa4 s%(e&eo a7+<-oo &ormo.

.... Us%(e&os A a $!7$) *ro*r" eo5e$&e e 7&a/&e re(a%&+ *oem. Na*r-(a! S. O&!reo"/ 814 o!*orQ/a &7o amer"$-J)o mes%a )os *ngeles +<s(ooa +los end'elis,. =&es a- a &a*r"e- %om%o o!*orQ/a&" s(o&os Los

 '. a("&+ 20004 &am"es%o ar"a&%&os%" )oor o *rH&os%".S(oe&s- re/, 68, 2003, /. 6 6 

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A&ge(es masmJ!"$) -o(e; 7a7&ame&a(" sme *o!o5+ +los end'els," +los end'e-l.s," +los end'ls,. Far"a&%&os a-o *ro%"-(a! s%(e&os%" sa *r"%om ma&"#es%e &a rV7<&+$) Qro&"a$): o! *oro&a&"a Q7 e!&o%("$) masmJ!" aH *o e!&o%("$)mo!er%oro. =om&"eame sa, He ar"a&%&os L2  %om%o *r*a!e &"e e aH %a-re(ea&%&, *re%oHe s" -om&"-a&%" &ems"a V5e$ e!om". T"e%o a Pa("e !V-a<7+ moHWQ -o&-rJ%& o&+m"$-Q s"%$" AA s(oe&/"&e o7&a/" a%r"5Q%m" dy-namicky sta(ilná a sta(ilne dynamická. I!e o %o, He A sa &"-!+ &e!os%a&Q 7 *er"#J<r"e *er"#Jr"e !o $e&%ra a7+-oJ)o s+s%Jm. os&+ 7 *er"#Jr"e *er"#Jr"e - $e&%r(&e<m &"e $e&%r(&+m4 o5(as%"am sQ 7-o&"%J &am *r" #re-e&%oa&$) (e>Jma$)hakespeare4. A *re!s%aQ s(oe&/"&e &a!+&am"$-e *ro- s %m sQ"s "$)

+me!7e&"e rm$" *er"#Jr"e *er"#Jr"e4. UePme e!&o -o&%a%oa&"e 7 ra"!"e(s(oe&s-J)o *rao*"s 84, -%orJ sa %-a *sa&"a s(o (as%&$) m"e&4 $!7"e)o *Vo!: ?r" me&$) em" 7&m+$) oso5&os% sa niekedy C7ra7&"( M. O.D &a<m"es%o *Vo!&$) *o!V5 ro!&$) -rs%&$)4 m"e& a *r"e7"s- *oHaQ !om$e *o!o5+, &a*r. 0ristoforo 0olum(us – 1ri2tof 1olum(us@ s. 364. rs(o-oJ 7me<&o niekedy *(& sJma&%"-e e!e&e #orm($"e !V(eH"%Q #&-$"; *o-a7e %o%"H&a r/"%Q %e&!e&$" &"e *ra"!(o_4 *ra-%"$-om *oHa& $!7$) (as%&$) m"e&r/"%J)o !r) ?em" 7&me oso5&os%"@4. \roeW e %%o -o&%a%$"a re(a%""7oa<& %om 7m+s(e, He &"e e%-+ oso5&J me&, -%orJ 5+ sme mo)(" 7ara!" !o e<!e&e -a%egGr"e, !a&om /asoom +me!7e& ro- +!a&"a S: 8, res*. 20004 *o!s%Q*"(" a&a(og"$- a!a*%a/& *ro$es. \ %o)o +*(a, He Q7s %e%o o5(as%" &"e e

)omogJ&&+, a(e !+&am"$-+ s%a5"(& a s%a5"(&e !+&am"$-. e!&o7&a/&J *ra"!(#&goa&"a A s+s%Jmoe ro"&e %e!a &a%era7 a&" &emoH&o s%a&o". Na 7-(a!ema%er"(oJ)o -or*s, ma*Q$e)o !a& o&+m"$- *r"es%or %erm& F. (a&ra4,moH&o ?(e&@ *o-7a &a r/"%J %e&!e&$"e "&%egra/&oem"-a; *o(+("&g(&a "&%er#ere&$"a; ar"a&%&os o $)o!"s-oom a7+<-4;

2  Fs(o&os%&J ar"a&%+ %o*o&+ma Los A&ge(es sQ &a*r-(a!: SOSOC( s b&! c(":7,ɒ ̍ Ʒ  ( s bdgc(":7 , ( s bd! (":7, ( s bd! c("sDɒ ̍ ɒ ̍ Ʒǝ ɒ ̍ Ʒ

X0

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54 intralingvál ne činitele Q7s s(oe&/"&e; $)ara-%er e!&o%("$) a7+<-o$) ro& C*(+ s(o&os%" &a s-(oWoa&"e; *(+ or%ogra#"e &a s(o&osa &ao*a-D4;

4 e tral ingválne č ini te le #re-e&$"a; *o*(r&os me!7" r/"%o e<-oo s-*"&o; /aso #a-%or; o(!a&"e *rs(&J)o $!7"e)o a7+-a4.

A-o "!"e, !o )r+ s%*Q /"&"%e(e %roa-J)o !r), *r"/om "$) )"erar$)" &"e e e!&o!$)J s%a&o". KaH! $!7"a a&%ro*o4(e>Jma sa +7&a/e e!"&e/&o-o"gr$"o e!e&$) /"&"%eo, o e-%oroe sQ)re -%or$) sa *ro#"(e e <s(e!& *o!o5a. re%o sa !om&"eame, He s%(e&J A moH&o +me!7" e!"&e e<o5e$&e %e!a *omer&e g&e4: s%(e&J a&%ro*o&+mm $!7"e)o *Vo! *re(o is-

tým "&%egra/&o"s%Q *omer&e s%r"-%&J *ra"!( &emoHWQ$e e-Q "&%er*re%a/&Q o&os.Far"a&%&os, - -%ore *r" s-(oWoa& !o$)!7a, m soe *r/"&+ *o!s%a%e m"momor#o(og"$-e ro"&+. r" AA "!e &am o !Vs(e!o- as+me%r"e me!7" 7-ooa gra#"$-o *o!o5o  9aleigh: ge&. 9aleigha – 9aleigho4.

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6; Le&)ar!%, 82. r" *re!"-$"" e %e!a s-m&e Q/e(&J 5ra !o Qa)+ !"a(e-<%"$-Q *oa) 7a) e!&o%("J)o a eo5e$&J)o. =V(eH"% e a #a-%, He *rog&G7o<a&"e *re!s%ae &"e(e&4 a7+-oe!e !e("-%& 7(eH"%os, H"a!a s" ma>"m(&es-m&J &asa!e&"e 5e7 5a(as% a5so(%"7$"e e!&o%("$) ao. NemoH&o sa %o<%"H s*o("e)a &a s%o*er$e&%&Q *re!"-%& s"( 7ero, - -%orm sa s-m&-!o*ra$e. To, /o a7+-oJ s*o(o/e&s%o *r"me a-o ?!o5rJ@, #&-/&J, -om&"-a<%&e e#e-%&e, &ems 5+ H!+ s+s%JmoJ, a&a(og"$-J =o(&-, 4, &ao*a-,mVHe %o 5+ H"e(&J, a&om(&e, &es+s%JmoJ. r"&$"*"(&e %e!a *(a%, He *rog&G7< eme s+s%Jmoo, a&a(og"$-+, eo5e$&e, *re%oHe a&om("e sQ a&om("am" *re *re so "!"os+&-ra%"$-os, &e*re!!a%e&os.

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6 a7+-o *ro- $!7e *roe&"e&$"e sa ro7("/&m s*Vso5om a ro7("/&e m"ere "&%egre !os+s%Jm L2. I&%egr$"a e %e!a sa!o *re5eraQ$e)o a7+-a a *(a%WQ sa *r" &e 7-o&"%os%" *r"ro!7e<&J %om%o a7+-. ra!aHe, "&%er("&g(&a ?*Q@ sa &erea("7e &ara7 ?% a %era7@4, a(e *re5"e)a s%*<Wo"%o, *r"/om e!&o%("J #7+ sa *re(&aQ, %or"a "s%J -o&%"&m. . Zr!-o" 4 +$)!7a, He -o&<%a-%o 7a) sa rea("7e %ro$) #7a$): 4 interferencia, 24 adaptácia, 34 integrácia. I&%er#ere&$"a

&e7&ame& a%oma%"$-+ a!a*%$", *re%oHe &am !Vs(e!- *r"ame)o -o&%a-% sa mVHe -om&"-<$"" +s-+%&Q m&o)o e#emJr&+$) /as%o o-a7"o&(&+$)4 *r-o *oH"%$) a! )o$, -%orJ sa &"-!+ &e!os<%a&Q !o s+s%Jm L2. A!a*%$" a%or *oaHe ?7a &e+)&%&Q *o!m"e&- *os%*&e "&%egr$"e C*re7a<%$) e!&o%"e-D !o (e>"-+ *r"maQ$e)o a7+-a@ Zr!-, o*. $"%., s. X4. o!o5&e O. OrgoWo 84aHe o 4 interferencii, 24 transferencii a 34 integrácii. I&%er#ere&$" $)*e a-o ?*ro%&J *(a%Wo<a&"e ga("$"7mo re/"@ a %ra&s#ere&$" a-o ?*ro$es *re&"-a&"a ga("$"7mo !o a7+-oJ)o s+s%Jm@ Or<goWo, o*. $"%., s. X4; "&%egr$"a, *os(e!& #7a, e ?*o%r!e&m@ "a$ /" me&e s+s%JmoJ)o 7a/(eWoa<&"a a7+-o$) *r-o L2. AH *os(e!&e #7e %e!a moH&o )oor" o s%*&" 7!om$&e&"a "s%J)o a7+<S(oe&s- re/, 68, 2003, /. 6 X3 

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ra%"s(aa, Fe!a X, s. 66 – 68.ZUR=ÍK, .: a7+- /ase s+&$)rG&"a, !"a$)rG&"a, *rog&os%"$-J as*e-%+4. I&: K *r"&$*om mar>"s<

%"$-e a7+-oe!+. Re!. S. O&!reo"/. ra%"s(aa, a7+-oe!& Qs%a h. Š%Qra SAF 81, s. X2 – X1.ZUR=ÍK, .: I&%egra/&J *ro$es+ *r" (e>"-(&+$) *re7a%"a$). a7+-oe!& /aso*"s, JK, ,

s. 1 – 0.YOR'Kn, .: O -o!"#"-$"". C="s-s& *rs*eo-.D I&: K(%Qra s*"so&e s(oe&/"&+. Re!. . R<

H"/-a. ra%"s(aa, F+!aa%es%o SAF 6X, s. 61.YOR'Kn, .: F$)o!"s- - %eGr"" s*"so&J)o a7+-a. I&: \ %eGr"e s*"so&J)o a7+-a. Re!.

. RH"/-a. ra%"s(aa, Fe!a X, s. 3 – 2.YOR'Kn, .: S*o(o/&os a a7+-. ra%"s(aa. Fe!a 82. 2 s.NA, '.: \ !"s-s"e o 7a) s*"so&J)o a7+-a a &re/. S(oe&s- re/, 5L, 11, s. 20.KAČALA, .: r"s*Vso5oa&"e $!7$) m"e& a -o!"#"-$"a "$) s(o&os%". I&: S(oe&/"&a – e$

 *o("%"$-̀ Mar%"&, Ma%"$a s(oe&s- , s. 6 – 10.KOČIŠ, Z.: oem a7+-oe &orm+ a &ormoa&os%". I&: \ %eGr"e s*"so&J)o a7+-a. Re!. . RH"/<-a. ra%"s(aa, Fe!a X, s. 32 – 2.

KRlh, l.: re5era&"e $!7$) s(o 7 )a!"s-a #o&e%"-+ a or%oe*"e. I&: S%!"a A$a!em"$a S(oa$a.M . Re!. . M"s%r-. ra%"s(aa, A(#a X8, s. 20 – 21.

KRlh, l.: ra"!( s(oe&s-e s(o&os%". 2. +!. ra%"s(aa, S(oe&s-J *e!agog"$-J &a-(a<!a%es%o 88. 632 s.

KUČ'RA, . – \'MAN, .: Fs(o&os% a s-(oWo& $"7$) oso5&$) me& /e%"&]. A&g("$-oso5& mJ&a. Yra!e$ Kr(oJ, Ea!eams 8. s.

L'NYAR=T, .: Koro&%a/& #o&e%"-a a&g("$-$) a s(oe&s-$) )(so-. ra%"s(aa, U&"er7"%aKome&s-J)o 8. 32 s.

L'NYAR=T, .: Fs(o&os -o&$oe s(a5"-+ ?s*o()(s-a p

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OLOŠTIAK, M.: a7+-o s+s%Jm a $!7"e a&%ro*o&+m s(oe&/"&e &a ma%er"(" a&g("$-$)a&%ro*o&m.4 a7+-oe!& /aso*"s, K5, 200, s. 8 – .

OLOŠTIAK, M.: K *ro5(ema%"-e a!a*%$"e a&g("$-$) oso5&$) m"e& s(oe&/"&e. I&: ro5(Jm+a!a*%$"e $!7$) m"e& s(oe&/"&e. Fe!e$- sem"&r ra%"s(aa . – 20. O-%G5er 20004. '!. h.Kr("-. ra%"s(aa, Fe!a 2002, s. 20 – 26.

OLOŠTIAK, M.: Z&goa&"e $!7$) *ro*r" -om&"-$"". I&: Kom&"-$"a a %e>%. \5or&- *rs*e-o 7 a7+-oe!&e -oere&$"e -o&a&e *r" *r(eH"%os%" H"o%&J)o 5"(ea !o$. )=r. Zra&%"-aR/-a, S$. reo 1. – 6. &oem5ra 200 reo, N-a 2003, s. 22 – 28.

OLOŠTIAK, M.: Far"a&%&os a&g("$-$) m"e& s(oe&/"&e. re!&ese&J &a qI. -o(o-" m(a!$) a7+-oe!$o. S*"s- No Fes 28. – 30. &oem5ra 200 %(a/"4.

ON=R'OFIČ, S. re$.4: S(o&- s(o&os%" $!7$) m"e&. CYo&7-o, M. – Rom*or%(, M.:Č%eme e s*r&]̀ ra)a, A$a!em"a 8. 3 s.D – I&: K(%Qra s(oa, 3M , 83, s. 26 – 2.

ON=R'OFIČ, S.: A-o +s(ooa &7o mes%a Los A&ge(es. K(%Qra s(oa, 3N, 81, s. 16 – 1X.ON=R'OFIČ, S.: O &"e-%or$) *ro5(Jmo$) s(oe&s-e or%oe*"e. S(oe&s- re/, K, 88, s. 00

 – 08.ON=R'OFIČ, S. Xa4: So$"o("&g"s%"$- s. ?&orma%""s%"$-@ *o)a! &a a7+-. I&: S(oe&/"<

&a &a -o&$" 20. s%oro/"a, e &orm+ a *ers*e-%+. So$"o("g"s%"$a S(oa$a. . '!. S. O&!reo"/. ra%"<s(aa, Fe!a X, s. 1 – 60.

ON=R'OFIČ, S. X54 re$.4: Čes- s(o&- s(o&os%" $!7$) m"e& *o !r)-r%. CYo&7<-o, M. – Yo&7-, Z. – Rom*or%(, M.: Č%eme e s*r&]` S(o&/e- s(o&os%" $"7$) me&. 2. +!.ra)a, A(5a%ros 6. 320 s.D – I&: K(%Qra s(oa, 3, X, s. 360 – 361.

ON=R'OFIČ, S. re$.4: rr/-a s(o&os%" a s-(oWoa&"a 5r"%s-$) (as%&$) m"e& /e%"&].CK/era, . – \ema&, .: Fs(o&os% a s-(oWo& $"7$) oso5&$) me& /e%"&]. A&g("$- oso5& mJ<&a. Yra!e$ Kr(oJ, Ea!eams 8. s.D – I&: K(%Qra s(oa, 5, 8, s. 238 – 20.

ON=R'OFIČ, S.: K s(o&os%" -rs%&$) m"e& s(oe&/"&e. I&: F(as%&J me& a7+-a s*o(o/&os%". . s(oe&s- o&omas%"$- -oere&$"a. a&s- +s%r"$a 6. – 8. Q(a 2000. \os%. . Kr-o

a M. Ma%&. ra%"s(aa – a&s- +s%r"$a, a7+-oe!& Qs%a h. Š%Qra SAF – Za-(%a )ma&"%&$)"e! a e!agog"$- #a-(%a UM 2000, s. 61 – X3.OREOOFl, O.: Ea("$"7m+ s(oe&/"&e. ra%"s(aa, S%"m( 8. 21 s.AULIN, '.: Norma s*"so&e s(oe&/"&+ a 7sa!+ e -o!"#"-oa&"a. S*"s+ SS. 22000. ra%"<

s(aa, S(oe&s- a7+-oe!& s*o(o/&os *r" SAF – a7+-oe!& Qs%a h!o%a Š%Qra SAF 2000. 3X s.ra"!( s(oe&s-J)o *rao*"s. 2., !o*(&e&J a *re*ra$oa&J +!a&"e. ra%"s(aa, Fe!a 8. 1X6

s.SLANČOFl, =.: re!&-+ 7o s(oe&s-e %+("s%"-+. reo 2000200 &e*5("-oa&J4.SLANČOFl, =. – SOKOLOFl, M.: Far"e%+ )oore&e *o!o5+ s(oe&/"&+. I&: S%!"a A$a!em"$a

S(oa$a. 5. Re!. . M(a$e-. ra%"s(aa, S%"m( , s. 221 – 20.SKALIČKOFl, A.: Zo&e%"-a so/as&J a&g("/%"&+. 2. +!. ra)a, SN 82. 288 s.ŠIKRA, .: a7+-oJ &orm+ a "$) o!ra7 o e!om &os"%eo a7+-a. I&: =+&am"$-J %e&!e&$"e

a7+-oe -om&"-$"". \os%a"( . os-. ra%"s(aa, a7+-oe!& Qs%a h. Š%Qra SAF 0, s. 0 –0X.

t'LLS, . .: Lo&gma& ro&&$"a%"o& ="$%"o&ar+. . F+!. Nor%) or-s)"re, Lo&gma& Ero*0. 802 s.

S(oe&s- re/, 68, 2003, /. 6 X 

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Milan Ma&t'n

 AD($K!)VUM ZÁZRIV – "RO"RIUM ZÁZRIVÁV SLOV$N%IN$

MATlN, M.: A!e$%"e zázrivý a&! ro*er Name Oázrivá "& S(oa- La&gage. S(oe&s- re/,68, 2003, No. 6, **. 336 – 33. ra%"s(aa4.

T)e a%)or o# %)"s ar%"$(e %ra$es 5a$- ge&es"s o# S(oa- a!e$%"e zázrivý a&! %)e &ame o# %)e "(<(age Oázrivá4 Ye $ame %o %)e $o&$(s"o&, %)a% %)e #ormer (e>"$a( mea&"&g o# Oázrivá 9as &o% $o&&e$%e!9"%) %)e 5as"$ mea&"&g o# er5s zrie! , zazrie!  %o see4 as "% 9as assme! #ormer. T)ere "s more ("-e(+ re<(a%"o& 9"%) 9or!s zázrivý" zázrivos!" zázros!  %)a% e>"s%e! "& o(!er S(oa- 9"%) %)e mea&"&g @%o e&+@a&! @ea(os+@. T)e &ame o# %)e "((age Oázrivá )a! mo%"a%"o& "& %)e mea&"&g @%)e "((age %)a% s)o(! 5e e&"e!@.

F s(a"s%"-e &"e e eo5e$&e 7&me, He s%ar"a s(oe&/"&a *o7&a(a s(o zázri-vý, zázrivos!" zázros!" *re%oHe "$) &es-Vr $e(-om &a)ra!"(" s(o závistný" závistlivý" závis!4 A *rame&&e 7-(a!&" Y"s%or"$-J)o s(o&-a s(oe&s-J)o a7+-a sa %"e%os(o +s-+%Q "5a &"e-o-$) !o-(a!o$)4

r!a&J me&o zázrivý *o7&me "5a 7 *re-(a! Mag!e5rs-J)o *ra 7 r. X3,7 %7. "("&s-e -&")+, a %o *o/e%e&e *o!o5e: P zazrzyQem czloQieku< ktery cz-loQiek gest zazrzyQy a Q tem (ude nagden a przesQiedssen" zostane (ezectnya nespraQedlyQy K$)ar, 3, s. 4. O *o/e%e&e *o!o5e )oorme *re%o, He 7os%are /e%"&+ s(oo zázRivý &"e e !o(oHe&J. \&me e a- 7o s%are *o%"&+ *o!o< 5e zaSrzyQy" zaSryQy a-o s+&o&+m& ra7 - ?7a7!ros&+@ Karuo9"$7 – Kr+vs-" – N"e!w9"e!7-", 2X13, s. 3664.

\ a!e-%a o!o!e&J *o!s%a%&J me&o zázrivos! e s%are s(oe&/"&e !o(oHe&J7 r-o*"s&J)o s*e&/-a &5oH&$) *es&"/"e- 7 r. X23 – 2:  Ieg nam Qernych pritelu" gednotu" prizniQost" o(rat Qssech neprateluQ" zhlad mrzku zazriQost< za-opatrug QdoQy" syrotky" z(edoQanych" nemocnych y Qyhnanych" Ptče opraQdo-Qy4 =r) !o-(a! e 7 &5oHe&s-J)o %ra-%% ?ra9!a 9r+ Kr+s%o9eg -a%o("$-ega&e5 9sseo5e$&eg@, -%or +"e( %(a/o Ko"$"a$) r. X12: ne ze zlosti" ne ze za- zryQosti" ale z lasky to Q2ecko pochazeti musy.

 N"e-o-o !o-(a!o 7o s%are s(oe&/"&+ moH&o &s a &a *o!s%a%&J me&o zá-

 zros! , -%orJ 5o(o 7&me a 7o s%are *o%"&+  zazroTU" !&es zazdroTU4 a 7o s%are-ra"&/"&+ xyxzy{|} " !&es xyx~z•{|}4. =a sQ o* 7o "("&s-e -&")+ 7 r. X3:kterehoz (y pak o(zaloQali (ezpraQie ane(o pomluQali skrze zazrost" gde gemu o zyQot ; a(y Q zadney zazrosti ne(yl" gestly (y on chtiel ssanoQati proti praQu K<$)ar, 3, s. , 24. fa("e !a !o-(a!+ sQ 7 -a(&s-+$) %(a/ 7 r. X12, e!e& 7os*e&-a s &7om ?Y(as7 *o5os&o)o s*J&+a@:  :ridzi" zasni v serdtzu nasém

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oheny sveteg lyú(osztzi szve" polam zázrosztz" het zaseny" a(i sme mi edné (ulyiv tvoe (oszke lyú(osztzi4 =r) !o-(a! e 7 -&"H-+ Ha(mo s &7om ?Se%o)o="!a -r(+a a *roro-a s7%o " *e!7esa%7 €so(%ar"@: :rovadz Vse mnye" o laszki :a-nyeW E szvé sveté szpravodlyivosztzi" nyech vidzá moo zázrosztzi" se mnye v szvé pravé tzesztze silnye prosztzis nyezmilynye *oro. K"r(+, 13, s. 2X34.

S(oo zázros! 7a$)+%a a I!"o%"$o& . R"5a+a 7 r. 8084 a(-o"/o /es-o$er*oa&J 7 !"e(a Š. R+s.

 Na*o-o& " F. Ma$)e- o soom '%+mo(og"$-om s(o&- a7+-a /es-J)oa s(oe&s-J)o 1X, s. 1884 *r" )es(e zR.ti +-(a! a s(oe&s-J s(o zázrivec" zá- zro>" zázros! a zazdros! .

=o sQ/as&os%" sa ra7&e"e 7a$)oa(" s(oes zazrie!" zazera! s 7&amom,

-%or sa S(o&- s(oe&s-J)o a7+-a 7a*"se a-o ?&e*r"a%es-+, 7(os%&e sa !a; 5+ 7amra/e&, &e*re%"o sa %r", g&"@, K(a(oom s(o&- e%e a-o ?7(os%<&], 7"s%"] )(e!]%"@. o!o5 zazerám 7s-a&Q o! . Ko((ra s*om&a )es(e zázRiti&gma&&, !7aQ o so"$) s(o&-o$) Š. a&/o"/ 814 a . Loos 8X4.\-(a!& 7&am s(oa zrie! X"!"e@ sa *r" !7a&$) !er"%o$) &e+s-+%e. Fs(o&$) /ea!"a$) o5"!o$) s(oa&s-$) s(o"es vidie! a zrie! sa 7&amo s%r&<-a ro7a(a *o!o5&e vidie! – závidie! – závis! – závistlivý" zrie! – zázri! – zázros! – zázrivý4.

* * *

'%e *re! !a!s"a%"m" ro-m" sa m+s(e(o, He *Vo!& (e>"-(&+ 7&am o-o&+<

ma Oázrivá a7!a mo)o( sQ"s"e so 7-(a!&m 7&amom s(o"es zrie!" zazrie!" %. .He 5+ mo)(o s o osa!, -%or &"e e ?7r"@, -%orQ &emoH&o "!"e L%%erer – Ma<%& – Šrme-, 82, s. 33 – 34. SQ"se(o %o a so s-%o/&oso, He o5e$ \7r"sa &a$)!7a &a -o&$" !o("&+ !a&s -"(ome%ro o! o5$e r&"$a, (eH"a$e &a )(a&e$es%e, -%or "!e *o*r" %o- r"e-+ Ora+ o! Krao"a& $e7 =o(& K5&, Oras-o!7mo- a Tr!o& a *o%om Pa(e $e7 Trs%e&Q !o os-a &a )+H&J a a5(o&-.

S(oe&s- re/, 68, 2003, /. 6 8 

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So 7re%eom &a e>"s%e&$" s(o zázrivý" zázrivos!" zázros! s%are s(oe&/"&e moH<&o aHoa *r"amo o mo%"$"" ?osa!a, -%orQ moH&o 7"!"e@ a(e5o ?osa!a, -%orQ7"!"a@. o!o5&m s*Vso5om sa #ormoa(a mo%"$"a &7o %+*  Ovadlivá" Ovadlivé, -!e moH&o aHoa o mo%"$"" ?m"es%o, o -%orJ sa a!"a, sQ!"a@. r" *o!ro5&ee are(oe a&a(7e e%-$) &7o 7o s(oe&s-J)o a7+-oJ)o Q7em"a%ore&$) 7 a!e-%a zázrivý a(e5o *o%om 7 o-o&+ma Oázrivá moH&o -o&%a%oa,He %or"a s*o(o/&, re(a%&e -om*a-%& are( 7a)[WaQ$" /as !o(&e Ora+, !o(&JK+s$e, o-o("e "("&+ a Q7em"e !o(&J)o Tr$a.

 Na Orae sQ %o &7+ o5$e, r"e-+ a !o("&+. O5e$ Oázrivá 112, 188 Oazry-Qa" 16 OazdryQa" 18 Q OazriQeg" 61 OazriQa4 7&"-(a aH *o(o"$" 6.

s%or. Ka(a-, 11, s. 2684, *o!a &e !os%a( &7o *ra *r%o- Ora+, r"e/-a Oázrivka %Oázrivanka" Oázrivá a  Oázrivský potok&, -%or sa *re!%m &a7a(a ar<&"$a 382 :arnicza" X86, 801 :arnicza4 Ma%& – R+m%, 81, s. X34, a !o("&a Oázrivská dolina4.

 Na K+s$"a$) sa &7am"  Oázrivy,  Ya Oázrivy,  Ya Oázrivky &a7aQ *o("aa *as"e&o- -a%as%r" mes%a Ča!$a.

 Na o-o( "("&+ e &7o Oázrivá &"e-o-o. o!a -ar%o%J-+ %erJ&&+$) &7o a7+-oe!&om Qs%ae h!o%a Š%Qra SAF sa &a7a  Oázrivá /as o5$e Far&,&7o Oázrivá maQ a (es a *as"e&o- o5$"a$) L"e%as- S"&& a \5+Wo.

 N7o  Oázrivá m a r$) )re5e&" Ma(e Za%r+ s -G%o 3 m, -%orJ)o7*a!& /as sa &a$)!7a -a%as%r" o5$e Tr"e o-r. "("&a4 a $)o!& /as -a%a<

s%r" o5$e r"e-o*a, -%or e !&es sQ/aso Mar%"&a. o!a &e)o !os%a(" &7+ Oázri-vá a (es, !o("&a a *o%o-, a *r%o- Tr$a &a )ra&"$" me!7" FrQ%-am" a r"e-o*oKr-o, 2003, s. 34.

 Na*o-o& &7o  Oázrivá m a *as"e&o- Yor&om ase&e, -%orJ e sQ/asoo5$e Tr/"a&s-e ase&o o-r. Mar%"&.

 Na K+s$"a$) %or"a oso5"%& are( &7+ %ore&J 7o s+&o&+m&J)o s(oa závis! &re/.  zovi2č 4, -%orJ mo)(" ma ro&a-Q mo%"$" &"e-%orJ sQ 7a*sa&J &re/oe, "&J s*"so&e, *os*"so&e&e *o!o5e4: Oovi2č , *o(e Ča!$a, Oavi2čeK(o-o/o, Oávis! , *o(e O/a!&"$a, Ya Oávis! , *o(e O/a!&"$a, Oávis! , *o(e Ra!Vs%<-a, Oovi2če, *o(e Tr7o-a, Ya Oovi2če, *o(e Tr7o-a. \o \)or"a *o7&me &7+%ore&J 7 %o)%o s(o&J)o 7-(a!, maQ$e *o!o5 Oávistnica: Oávistnica, *o(e K<%o, (Q-+ S-a("$a. Mo%"$" e%-$) %$)%o &7o 5+ mo)o( &a7&a/oa a !o-(a! 7 o5$e Ra!Vs%-a: ?e %am 7"!e&"a)o!& Qro!a@.

L"%era%Qra

‚LIČ, . – KAMIŠ, A. – KUČ'RA, K.: Ma( s%aro/es- s(o&-. ra)a, SN X8. X08 s.RƒKN'R, A.: Suo9&"- e%+mo(og"$7&+ „7+-a *o(s-"ego. tars7a9a, t"e!7a o9s7e$)&a X0

*re%(a/ . +!. 7 r. 2X4

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UNEMANN, .: S(o9&- /es-o

X00 $om*(e$%e&s r-*. 7 r. 80X – 808, #%-. a7+-oe!&om Qs%ae h!o%a Š%Qra SAF4.S(o&- s(oe&s-J)o a7+-a. \. – 6. Re!. Š. e$"ar. ra%"s(aa, F+!aa%es%o SAF 1 –

68.S(o&+- s%aro-ra"&s-o" mo+ qIF. – qF. s%. Re!. L. L. Yme$-a – . M. Ker&+$-+. K+", Na<

-oa !m-a XX.

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DISKUSIE A ROZHĽADY

Kon*tantin Li+ano

K O!ÁZK$ "ODS!A!# (AZ#KA VCHODOSLOV$NSKCH "U-.LIKÁCI) Z USA KONCA /01 2 ZA%IA!KU 341 S!ORO%IA

LIZANOF, K.: A5o% 'sse&$e o# %)e La&gage o# 'as%er& S(oa- 5("$a%"o&s "& %)e USA #rom%)e e&! o# %)e %) %o %)e eg"&&"&g o# %)e 20%) e&%r"es. S(oe&s- re/, 68, 2003, No. 6, **. 30 –312. ra%"s(aa4.

I& %)e *rese&% *a*er re#(e$%"o& o# %9o *)o&e%"$ *)e&ome&a !"s%"&g"s)e! 'as%er& S(oa- #rom o%)<er S(oa- !"a(e$%s "& %)e Amer"$a& *5("$a%"o&s are $o&s"!ere!. I% "s %)e a5se&$e o# (o&g o$a(s a&! o#%)e s+((a5(e $rea%e! $o&so&a&%s r a&! (. o&%rar+ %o s"%a%"o& "& 'as%er& S(oa- !"a(e$%, 5o%) *)e&ome&ao$$r "& re"e9e! %e>%s. I& %)"s $o&&e$%"o& %)e a%)or $o&$(!es %)a% %)e (a&gage o# %)ese *5("$a%"o&s9as 5ase! o& %)e S(oa- L"%erar+ (a&gage a&! %)e 'as%er& S(oa- e(eme&%s "&ser%e! "&%o "%s s%r$%re "&or!er %o 5e$ome "&%e(("g"5(e #or %)e 'as%er& S(oa- s*ea-"&g *eo*(e.

F *os(e!&om /ase *o!s%a%&e 7rs%o( 7em o s(oe&/"& Amer"-e. a7+<-oe!$" a- e&oa(" *o7or&os &am Qs%&+m *reaom amer"$-$) S(o-oTr!oW, 8; K/era, 0; R"*-a, 2a,5; Yammer – R"*-a, 4, 7a%"a /o a7+- s(oe&s-oamer"$-$) *5("-$" os%a 7sa!e &e*res-Qma&. Me!7" %m"%o *5("-$"am" sQ oso5"%&e 7amaJ %a- %(a/e&J, a-o a r-o*"s&J %e>%+, -%orJ sa%ra!"/&e *ome&QaQ a-o $)o!os(oe&s-J. T"e%o %e>%+ sa 7 ("&g"s%"$-J)o )a!"s-as$e oso5"%&e &es-Qma(", "$) a7+- 5o( %a-m%o s*Vso5om !e#"&oa& 5! +!aa<%em" %or$am"4 %$)%o %e>%o, a(e5o a%orm", -%or *sa(" o "$) $e(-oe $)ara-%er"s<%"-e. e *r7&a/&J, He a7+- %$) "s%$) %e>%o /as%o )o!&o%"(" rV7&" a%or" o!("&e. Na*r-(a! 7&m+ 5!a%e !e& s(oe&s-J)o &o"&rs%a USA K. Č(e& "orme,He S(oe&s-J No"&+ +!a&J ro-o$) 8X – Ya7(e%o&e %% e&&s+(<&"a4 +$)!7a(" o $)o!os(oe&s-om &re/ Č(e&, X0, s. 34. No"&+ L"%e<rr&e L"s%+ 7a ro- 8X a7+- %o)o "s%J)o *er"o!"-a )o!&o%"a a-o ar"s-J &re/"eČ(e&, %amHe4, /o a- &"e e *ro%"re/e&"e, a(e "5a e)o 5("H"a !e#"&$"a. Na !r)e

s%ra&e . A. Zer"e&/"-, a%or *re *omer&e ro7s"a)(e %Q!"e e&oa&e s(oe&s-es*"s5e USA, %r!, He %e&%o ?/aso*"s 5o( %(a/e& a-es" /!&e re/", &e5o(a %o a&"ar"%"&a, a&" 7em*("&%"&a, 5o(a %o m"e$)a&"&a@ Zer"e&/"-, 1, s. 34. a7+- s%r&o-grJ$-o-a%o($-+$) &o& Amer"-a&s-+ Rss-+ F"es%&"- 2 +!a&$) (a%"&s-o a5e$e<

 N7+ %(a/ sa !7aQ *Vo!&om *rao*"se.2 F+!a( sa %$)%o ro-o$) a a75-o rs&s-om ar"a&%e s*"so&e r%"&+.

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!o &a -o&$" . s%oro/"a *ome&Qa "$) re!a-$"a s(oe&/"&o, 7a%"a /o . A. Zer"e&</"- *e, He ?e +!a& *sme s(oe&s-om a (e& s-omo(e&om, +m+s(e&om a-oms" o(a*-, -%or s(oHe& e 7 ro7("/&$) !"a(e-%o s(oe&s-J)o a7+-a o <$)o!&om &re/@ Zer"e&/"-, 1, %amHe4. . M. 'a&s a- *oaHe a7+- %$)%o&o& 7a rs&s-+, a(e so s"(&m *(+om ar"s-J)o &re/"a 'a&s, X, s. 14.A %a-%o 5+ sa !a(o *o-ra/oa. O!7&e( !o-o&$a &7or, He a7+- $)o!os(oe&s-$) *som&os% sa ! )o!&o%" a-o oso5"%& s*"so& a7+- Ta%-, X0, s. 24. \ e<!e&J)o +*(a )(a& $"e %o)%o *rs*e- – r/" *o!s%a% a7+-a s(oe&s-oame<r"$-$) *5("-$", /o &m moH& a&a(7a e!&o%("$) a7+-o$) *r-o, -%orJ sa &"$) +s-+%Q. R"ee&"e %e%o Q(o)+ *re!*o-(a! 7"s%e&"e s*o(o/&$) a o!("&$)

7&a-o rV7&+$) a7+-o$) Qro&, /o e $)o!"s-om -a("#"-$"e 7-(a! %o)%o "!"G<m3, %. . as&e&"e %o)o, /" a7+- e!&o%("$) *5("-oa&$) s(oe&s-oamer"$-$)%e>%o ma(

 spoločné znaky a  7sa!e podo(nú genézu a(e5o &"e;homogénny charakter , %e!a sa s-(a!a( 7 *r-o %o)o "s%J)o ?*r"ro!7e&J)o@ "!"G<

m, ale(o heterogénny, /"He 7m"ea& )+5r"!&4;rovnaký 7-(a!, a %o:a4 -o&-rJ%&e $)o!os(oe&s-J &re/"e, 54 &a!&re/oQ *o!o5 $)o!&e s(oe&/"&+,$4 /os" "&J.F %om%o *rs*e- a- &emme !os%a%o/& *r"es%or &a %o, a5+ sme mo)(" $e(<

-oo $)ara-%er"7oa %r-%Qr a7+-a %$)%o *5("-$", *re%o 5!eme )oor" "5ao %a-$) ao$), -%orJ &m !aQ o!*oe!e &a s%a&oe&J o%7-+.

o!a &a"$) Q!ao *ra!e*o!o5&os *oHa&"a $)o!&e s(oe&/"&+ %(a</e&$) %e>%o$) USA e 5e7*ros%re!&e s*oe& s -oes"o&(&+m ro7rs%e&mS(o-o. F$)o!&Q s(oe&/"& a(e5o as*oW e *r-+ &a$)!7ame *5("-$"$) *rs(&-o rms-o-a%o("$-e a grJ$-o-a%o("$-e $"r-", 7a%"a /o ea&e("$-$)%e>%o$) $)5a. Rms-o-a%o($" *o*r" $)o!&e s(oe&/"&e *oHa(" a s*"so&Qs(oe&/"&, -m grJ$-o-a%o($" rs&s-+ ar"a&% s*"so&e r%"&+. \amao me%a<mor#G7o *re(" *o *r$)o!e !o USA $)o!os(oe&s- -a(&". re rm$" %e%o-oes"e 7&"-(a &a $)o!&om S(oe&s- %ra!$"a *oHa &5oHe&s-$) %e>%o$)*e$"#"$- "!"Gm +%ore& &a 7-(a!e $)o!os(oe&s-J)o &re/"a, -%or s"a)a !o *o(o"$e 8. s%oro/"a a *re%ra(a aH !o 7a/"a%- 20. s%oro/"a. O/a-a(" 5+ sme,He Amer"-e *re -a(&" 5!Q &aPa(e ro7a %a-%o s*Vso5 *sa&"a, a(e s-%o/<&os%" "$) *som&e %ra!$"" !o(o - *o!s%a%&Jm 7ra%. ?S(oe&s- Ka(& s*o(<

3 I!"Gmom ro7m"eme a--oe- a7+-o Q%ar 5e7 5("H"e)o r/e&"a e)o *o!s%a%+. os(e!&J -a(&s-e -&")+ sQ zlovenszki katekiz... *5("-oa& U&gre UH)oro!e4 r.

a =u o(eczne szluzs(e szporodani zlovenszki pevnik  +!a& R"mas-e So5o%e r. 23 =("/e&<-o, 8, s. 88 s o!o(a&m sa &a K"r(+a, 13, s. XX – X84.S(oe&s- re/, 68, 2003, /. 6 81 

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-o org& S(oe&s-e -a(&s-e *res5+%er"&s-e e!&o%+ –  14 )44 5o( +!a& s*r&e grama%"$-e s(oe&/"&e, /o er &a"m -a(&om S(o-om 7 $)o!&J)oS(oe&s-a 5o(o &"e/o &oJ)o, -ePHe o&" 5o(" &a+-&% &a maPars-Q or%)ogra#" oso"$) -&")$) a &a s-omo(e&J s(oe&s-J s(o@ U)er-a, 1, s. 224.

O5e-%om &)o %Q!"a e *r s(oe&s- -&")a USA *merický @lumač   –/e5&"$a a&g("/%"&+ *re amer"$-$) S(o-o +!a& r. 88X "%%s5rg), %%e&&s+(&"a, &-(a!om Amer"-&s-o

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 e (e& ma(e m"ere o*(+&e&J s*"so&o /e%"&o. Te&%o #a-% sa +se%e %m, He *ra!e*o!o5&e *r" "$) 7os%aoa& +Ha(" a%or" s%a&o+ &ea-J)o /es-J)o s*o(<- Ya*-, X, s. X34. U!7ame -H- 7 %e%o *5("-$"e, -%ore a7+- sa 7sa!<&e (" o! os%a%&$) *re%!oa&$) %e>%o.

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s7)!7" Mar$7 a S7e*%em5r.‹ X. S7*o(e- ma %o *rao re7"!e&%a a- a" s"$7-"$) re!&+"-o), 7os7 s7oe)o s7%re!<

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mes-a&e &+e *re-a7se, %a- e)o mes7$7o a- 7a *ra7&+e&e 7&a%e.‹ 0. Ta-e o(+5" (as7&e $7o se re!&+"-o$) !o%"-a, &+e s7 #se s7-ar%-am" o(e&e.Os%a a- o%7-a, /" e %e&%o %e>% 7 a7+-oJ)o )a!"s-a "7o(oa& a(e5o e

 *reaom r/"%e *som&e %ra!$"e, (e5o e%-+ os%a%&J %e>%+, -%orJ mme - !"s*o7$"",sa +7&a/Q 7m"ea&m $)ara-%erom. F &"$) sa *o*r" se5e o5aQ %a- &re/oJ$)o!os(oe&s-J *r-+, a-o a s*"so&J. A %o *o7oreme *ra-%"$-+ o e%-$)%aro$) a #o&e%"$-$) *o!o5$) s(o. N *o-s 7"s%" &ea-J *ra"!( a(e5o 7-o&"<%os%" *oHa&"a %$)%o -o&-rQ$"$) s" %aro a *o!V5 s(o &e5o( Qs*e&. MVHeme%e!a -o&%a%oa, He a7+- %$)%o *5("-$" &e5o( &ormoa&. =o-me&%me %o

&"e-o-m" *r-(a!m".Fo e%-$) s-Qma&$) %e>%o$) sa 7a7&ame&aQ !()J o-(+. F&"m- %or"a

(e& S(oe&s-e No"&+8. Na "(s%r$" Q*(&e a5se&$"e !()$) o-(o *ome&oa<&$) &o"&$) !7ame -r%- s*r:

 ;udu 'adac vek2u *(a$.I&!"a&a*o("s, I&!. a&. 2. \%a!7" nam oznamuu, He ma&ere o tes%er& :ennsylvanii

(udu 'adac vek2u *(a$ a- dostavau %era7. ?U&"%e! M"&e tor-ers@ !Wa 2. anuara (uduma$ -o&e&$" o I&!"a&a*o("s, a He % mau *o!a$ ma&ere soo po'adavki. Na %e -o&<e&$"" veZke *remeWe (udu ro5"$ a" o konstituciah ti' . M"" e eo5e$&e, He "$-e hlav-ne urad>ici (udu zvoZene 7&o &a %e& isti urad , htori zastavaZi !o %era7.

=()J samo)(s-+ sa S(oe&s-$) No"&$) o5aQ "5a oso5&$) &7o$)&a*r-(a! [án Yémeth4 a s5s%a&%e lovák  a s(o$) %ore&$) 7 &e)o4. o<

s(e!&J s(oo a &am e)o 7mer&J *oH"%"e *o!o5e s !()o samo)(s-o &a!o5Q!a7a& *o("%"$- o!%"e&o- sQ"s"a$" s $e(-oo or"e&%$"o &o&, -ePHe s(oo

8 Te>% s%a&o rJ)o )ors-o

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lovák o7&a/oa(o "5a \*a!o< a S%re!os(o-o, 7a%"a /o S(o- *o$)!7aQ$"7 $)o!&J)o S(oe&s-a sa *ome&Qa( lovak :

Ta-%o *"e ?S(. Amer"-e@ 7 !Wa . a&ara 0 o*ro$" ?(ea!ero"@ "$-")  slovákoh" We slovákoh  Amer"-"; Ke! m" *re! ro-am" 5ooa" o*ro$" )m5garo),  slováckih !a)<%or"), %e!" &as ")(a"" "$-e s(oe&s-e &o"&-" 7a ?ma!aro&o)@, 7a ?7ra!$@  slovákohae5o slovakoh; ooa" 7me em 7a *ra! a *rao &a") slovakoh, a- ma 5ooa$ -aH<!" *ra!om"($" /(oe-, )%or" e e/" We *re!a&" s(oe&s-em &a-o", )$eme *oe!7"$!ao"; A -e! )e, %e!" e)-o e %o s%aWe, He *r"m " o! -(amara, o! %a-e)o, )%er"o-(ama( )!o5&e)o slovaka " slováka We em &a #armo$), ae " &a 7(a$e...

F Amer"-a&s-om Rss-om F"es%&"- sa H !()J o-(+ +s-+%Q, )o$" em"

&e!Vs(e!&e a 5e7 7rem$) 7-o&"%os%. Čas%e"e sa o7&a/Q -o&$o-$) &om"evol>.kov *re!aa We em $a("$), a(e" #a(a%-a$); :r.činou samoraH!+ 5(" tera2é podlé /as", We7&a" a- +H"$.

F Amer"$-om T(ma/o" #re-e&$"a !()$) samo)(so- s%Q*a, )o$" e%e 7a<7&ame&ame *rea) &eo7&a/e&$) &a! o7&a/e&m". oro&ame *r-(a!+:

 "$) 5e7*e/&a (am*a 5!7e -aH!e ráno o*a%ra&a o! !o7or$a o)a0; O& \esmie gas vy-miesc 7 e)o rúmu, e5o so H"o% 7e5e7*e/"; e, m+ mame rege, e!a -%er+$) 2e r.-

dzic  ma; =o5re, a "$)  stracený ago& &a!7em; e-%ore %ra$a *o%re5ee  so"$)údoch; No se!, 5!$e)o %+Ha "!7em &a západ ; Feo !7e -* chudú 7em, e5o e%a; ]roda 5(a !a$o -o!7e&a o! ma(e)o )ra!; e$) e7a*om "$ " /"s(o nap.sac;Č" %a-+ láskavý 5!, m" )o 7as(a$`

F os%a%&$) *res-Qma&$) *5("-oa&$) %e>%o$) o7&a/e&"e !()$) o-(o as&e *re(!a, )o$" sa reg"s%rQ a &eo7&a/e&J. r"%om sa 7a7&ame&aQ s*ra"!(a sQ(a!e s &ormam" s*"so&e s(oe&/"&+, $)+5&J o7&a/e&"e !Ho- e 7r"e!-aJ:

 ^u2.m *o7&ame&a$, He %e)o /as $)o!7"( *o e$e " Kr"s%s :án so soma učedeln.ka-mi; e&a s &a/ %os$ a *(a/om oznámila, He er nemá  !ome "5a #a(a%e- suchého$)(e5a; Te& )%or"(, He o& &e$)$e  pláce, He o& 5!7e slú'ic  7a  slávu, /es$ s(H5+; o) )o *oHe)&a( m&o)o !7e$m", ne2čescie 7a neč2esc.m  2e &aW rúcilo, %a- He &a*os(e!+ &ema( $o !oúst  *o(oH"$ a )(a -!7e s-(o&"$ Amer"$- S(o-4; \o v2ických -&")o$) tarého Oákonaa 7o v2ických -&")o$), 7 kterých *o7&a$ m7'eme  !7e"&+ /(oe/e&s%a, e -&")a MoH"a tá&as%ara, nactihodne2ia a napoučlive2ia, o&a e základom, vy2vetlen.m v2etkého %o)o, /o

 2e *o/as s%oreWa a *o s%oreW e%a dialo; Ta- o(a(" H"!7" tú -&") tých /aso$), -e! :áneH" Kr"s%s me!7" &"m" $)o!7"(, a s.ce *re%o, (e5o %e!+ eo5e$&e u'.vaná 5o(a re/ grécka;Te%o úzkosce, %o%o trápene, táto hrúza, %e&%o *o%, %e&%o 5o, %e&%o a- o! mer$"` Ka%o("$-e No"&+4; \ Eiedne oznamuú" 'e (ulharský knie'a Zer!"&a&! *r"o( !Wa 2. úna !o %o)o%o

0 M--J W sa %e%o -&")e o7&a/e a-o \.

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mes%a a *o krátkym o!*o/"&- nastúpil  !a( $es% !o 1arlových Faro$); \ e%" dochádza zpráva, He zdravotný s%a grHfa 1álnokyho, m"&"s%ra zahraničných zále'itosc. , e dosiaZ  &e<7me&"(, e e/e e chorý a cisár  Zra&%. o7e# He má o &e)o veZkú s%aros$ S(o- Amer"-e4.

F 7sa!e ro&a-m *r-(a!om 7 o5(as%" mor#o(Gg"e sQ -o&-rQ$e 75+ &eH"<o%&$) %aro /s(o"e- &a! 2tyri. F s-Qma&$) %e>%o$) sa ro&a-e m"ere reg"s<%rQ %a- &om"&a%&e %ar+ a-o o $)o!&e s(oe&/"&e, a-o a ge&"%&e, /o 7o!*o<e! s%a s*"so&om a7+-:

rae %e!+ 5!7e %om 200 roky, a- mes%o e%ers5rg 7a/a(o e 5!oa$ Ž R+5ar<s%om 7aW"ma e A&g("" 33,000 oso(  7 000 (o!am+ Amer"-a&s-+ Rss-+ F"es%&"-4;F R"%%o&e+ Fa((e+ 7a)+&(o 6  oso(y Ž Na asse&%r-e, o%r"moa&e Sa5"&oe, *re!o(a&J

 5o(o 8X8 mládzencoch Ka%o("$-e No"&+4; F %% Ne9 erse+ mas(o e 7*re!aa&o *o 2centy #&% Ž 300 rakúskych a uhorských strelcoch o!$es%oa(o - 0. &eme$-Jm s%reaW!o %er/a S(o- Amer"-e4.

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%e !o-(a!&J o*ra+; m"es%o %o)o a(e, He5+ e 5o( o!e5ra( !o e##erso&, dovlekol 2e  !o!om; a pichol   &oHom !o $e(a S(o- Amer"-e4; & 7a s%o(om $)!o5&J)o  edols$) $)("e5 Amer"$- S(o-4; Ša5"-oae s(oo$) a (as%&$) me&o$) e *o%re5&Ja 5e7*o$)+5e -aH! s-Q"$ mohol  Amer"$- T(ma/4 – F esa$), m"$)"ga&s-om o5o<! a+, &a seero 7a*a! o! a+ "%+ vy(uch *oHar; a- e *r" re"7"" !o-a7a(o, *o-(a!&"-

 pokrad  00,000 7(a%+$) Amer"-a&s-+ Rss-+ F"es%&"-4; Na!os%o&es" *a& t"gger umar&a *&emo&"", )%ora Wemo$ H )o !ara7 7a)a$"(a S(oe&s-e No"&+4; To-o e "s%J, HeMa> E"(!5erger ucik  s !a$e$ %""$ !o((ram" Ka%o("$-e No"&+4.

F *ro$ese 7om&J)o *Vso5e&"a s*"so&J)o a7+-a a $)o!&e s(oe&/"&+,-%orJ o!rHaQ s(oe&s-J *5("-$"e USA, &e+s%*e $)o!& s(oe&/"&a a-o

 e!&o("a%+ $e(o- maQ$" &a!&re/oQ *o!o5, a(e a-o sQ)r& e!&o%("$) &re/.Se!/"a o %om &"e-%orJ *r-+ *o$)!7aQ$e 7 rV7&+$) &re/, -%orJ &a$)!7ame  e!&o%("$) *5("-$"$), *r"/om &"e-e!+ %$) "s%$). A-o *r-(a! e!"emes(o, -%or$) s*"so& s(oe&/"&a m s(a5"/&J r  a l , -m o $)o!&e s(oe&/"&esQ "$) *e&!a&%m" s*oe&"a e!e&$) -o&so&a&%o s o-(m". F s(oe&s-oamer"$<-$) %e>%o$) s" %om%o *r*a!e 7ome -o&-rQ &"e(e& s(a5"/&J -o&so&a&%+ s &e<s(a5"/&m", a(e a s*r"eo!&J o-(+:

...%e&-ra% o& m *r"e!7e $a(+ reg"me&% /er%o$) &a krk  S(oe&s-e No"&+4 – Sa("&s-" &akarku 5( 7 &oHom 5o!&%" S(oe&s-e No"&+4; *r"%om "$-+m m" )o 7&aa$ s crpe'livos-cu !o 2mrci S(o- Amer"-e4 – -&"eHa Zer!"&a&! potverdzil  *re! som o!$)o!om se&%e&<$" ro7s!o-4 2merci S(o- Amer"-e4; e %o e!&a *re*as$, e!&a 5e7e!& hlu(ina, *re!-%er -aH! /(oe- $"$)o s%o Ka%o("$-e No"&+4 – a We"!7a$ !a(e o! &osa... Wes*a%r %e&%o

hZi(oko  *o(oHe&" *er#"!&" *(a& &ae)o m"(os$"e)o Eos*o!ara Ka%o("$-e No"&+4; To ss*rao!"e remeWe 7os H"a&s-e)o hri(ta S(oe&s-e No"&+4 – S *(a/om (Q/"( som e *o%oms mom *erm mas%rom a "o( som s 5a%VH-om &a her(ece, s *a("$ r-e 7-oa$ e%Ka%o("$-e No"&+4; Na Yam5rgs-om *ar&- ?Rg"a@ 7aHa(a e &e!&o &a rom mor _4(avolna Ka%o("$-e No"&+4 – \*r+ 7 Čar!H"a, Tr-es%a& A7"", o7&amQ, He %am !o(am&o)o s%o me$)o$) (avelny 7 Ke("# S(o- Amer"-e4; Te!a !a e)o tverdze>a  ?Kr"s%s,S*as"%e e%a@... /"&"( samoraH! S(oe&s-e No"&+4 – o(&omo$e&s%a a "&J ra!&e "s%"<&+ s -o&7(s-+m potvardze\im Amer"$- T(ma/4; He -aH!" e!e& )$e 5"$ *os"(&e&"m poker-mom !)o&"m, a5" o5!are&" 5( m"(os$ oH S(oe&s-e No"&+4 – S(a!-os$ a&e(s-J)o

 pokarmu !erHoa(a Wom se5a7a*re&e a ro75Qr"(a Wom V - 5o Ka%o("$-e No"&+4;a %a- mame o/e-aa$ o! We)o e/e o5"rWe" !o*"s pulni sm"(s%a, o-"os$" a o)"7!&os$"S(oe&s-e No"&+4 – Za5r"-a Same(a =o9a, !Wa 3. %. m. úpelne +)ore(a S(o- Amer"<-e4 – Ne!a(e-o Me+ers%o9&, a. 5o( &a!7e& e!e&  polný me$) &o$) a%o$), -%or %am7(o!7ee se5e -r"(" S(o- Amer"-e4.

Čas%o s" a- &re/oJ *r-+ 5e7*ros%re!&e &e-o&-rQ, (e5o sa +s-+%Q rV7&+$) %(a/e&$) %e>%o$). Na*r-(a! *o*r" s*"so&$) %aro$) ge&"% a !a% e!&o%&J)o /s(a *r"(as%Woa$$) 7me& m7ho, m7mu % &a$)!7ame a $)o!o<s(oe&s-J, (e&He Amer"-a&s-om Rss-om F"es%&"- sQ %o *rs(&J %ar+ s *r*o<

 O &"e-%or$) "&$) *r-(a!o$) -o&-re&$"e s*"so&$) a &re/o$) %aro *o7r" L"#a&o, 2003.

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 :onahlám 2e  Amer"$- T(ma/4; F"!7"$e, mo lu(ý ager-, H S(o$" %o 7&aQs*or"a!a$ e%-o !o5re S(o- Amer"-e4; =o-"a 5o( e/e $)!o5&m, a-o m % -s%ar!J)o čarného  $)(e5a $)%&a( *o $a(o!7e&&e *r$" Ka%o("$-e No"&+4; To e \ev.dzi%a-e e-e mes%o a- Ne9 or- Amer"$- T(ma/4; _lávny s-(a! /. 1 16 L"5er%+ S%r.ITTSUREY a. Amer"$- T(ma/4.

r-(a!om *Vso5e&"a 7-o&o s*"so&e s(oe&/"&+ a7+- *5("-$" +!a<&$) USA, )o$" mo!"#"-oa&e *o!o5e, e a *omer s5s%a&%&+$) %aro !a%a (o-( m&oH&J)o /s(a. re s*"so&Q s(oe&/"& e $)ara-%er"s%"$-J, He s*om&a&J%ar+ *o!s%a%&$) m"e& He&s-J)o a s%re!&J)o ro! sQ o*o7$"" - ro&a-m %arommHs-J)o ro!2; *rJ maQ *!o$) *r*o&$) samo)(s- á a(e5o ia, a, /o sQ

 e o&J ar"a&%+4, -m !r)J samo)(s- o. Fo $)o!&e s(oe&/"&e e!e& o*o.

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...*re%o +5ra(" 2e !o "ro-J)o 2veta )(e!a$ H"o5+$"e Amer"$- S(o-4; r"*omWeme&a+m %e&+m S*o(-om, He5+ u2ilovaZi  2e me2ačny6 *r"s*eo-, -aH!o)o me2aca *or"a!o/<&o +*(a$oa$ Amer"-a&s-+ Rss-+ F"es%&"-4; `emetra2e>e, )%ere *a&oa(o Če)a), S(e7<s- a Sas-, We&aro5e(o W"g!7e e-e -o!" S(oe&s-e No"&+4; a  2e tra2em  o!  'imyAmer"$- T(ma/4; 5ra( )o – -e! 5o( H *%&sro/&m m(a!7-om, – *& le2n.k   sose5 Ka%o("$-e No"&+4; =a Qs%a+ mu2a 2e o!5a$ *ere eo5e$&J o5+ 5e)om 0 !& *o *r"*/e& S(o- Amer"-e4.

e a- *o7or)o!&J, He %ar+ so 7me&o s &a 2  &a$)!7ame s(oe&s-oame<r"$-$) %e>%o$) a %am, -!e *o!m"e&-+ &a rea("7$" %o)%o *ro$es o $)o!&es(oe&/"&e &"e sQ:

Te& *re o!"o( !o le2a a&a(og"$-+ *o!a %ar v le2e4 *re !reo; Ke!7 "!7e(a mHa *r"$)!7a$ 7 le2a, 5eHa(a m Qs%re%+ Amer"$- S(o-4; Fea, *reea es% %a-$), -%orJsQ a(e5o $a(-om *r"s+*a&J a(e5o "$) o!a odne2la a&a(og"$-+ *o!a odne2Zi4 Ka%o("$-e No"&+4.

T"e%o %ar+ sQ me(J, 7&"-(" &)ra!o s*"so&e )(s-+ 7!a&("o $)o!o<s(oe&s-o.

KeP 7)r&"eme 7s-a&J Q!ae, !os*eeme - 7er, He 7-(a!om a7+-a *re<%!oa&$) s(oe&s-oamer"$-$) %(a/e&$) %e>%o 5o(a s*"so& s(oe&/"&a, -%orsa 7mer&e *raoa(a smerom - $)o!os(oe&s-m &re/"am. =Vo!om 5o(as&a)a *r"5(H" s*"so&Q s(oe&/"& - 5eH&e !oro7m"ea$e *ra>" S(o-o *o$)<!7aQ$"$) 7 $)o!os(oe&s-$) s%o($. No &"e(e& %o. A%or *re -&")+ *5("-oa&e USA Amer"$- T(ma/ a +!aa%e Amer"-&s-o

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 Nro!&J)o s(oe&s-J)o s*o(- o)&s%o9&e %% e&s+(&"a4 &a er)"&/-a !oMar%"&a o 7as(a& #"&a&/&e *o!*or+ &a &ro!&J $"e(e "e("-, 81, s. 114.

%e& *a&e I7"!or Somo("$7-+, re!a-%or S(oe&s-$) &o&, S. Mar%"&, 'rG*a. N s*o(o- S. Š%e#a&a, m/e&-a, 38 o!5or Nro!&J)o s(oe&s-J)o s*o(- /%a(

o Fa"m sm%&"m *o(oHe&, a-"m sa &a$)!7$e 7-ers &a m"( re/ s(oe&s-, -%erQU)ors- (!a 5+ ra!a *o! &o)+ *o!e)&a$7. Ta- !&a X Q(a r/"( Fm &a*omo$7e&e 7osoe *o-(a!&"$7" sm Π!o(ro, 7 -%or$) !&a 21 )o Q(a *os(a( Fm 26 7(a%$) a 0-ra$"are. r"m"$7e o! &ae)o s*o(- %e& ma( !ar, -%er o5sa)e 26 7(. 0 -ra$ar". A "&<e Fm & S*o(o- m&o)o 74!ar a s/as$7a, a5+ Fm %e& os! 5o( s(a!-", -%er" m7s$7e7&as$7 7-ers Fa *ra!. rosme Fs7, a&e Is"!or Somo("$7-+, a- %e *e&e7" !os%a&e$7e,

%a !a$7e &am &a7a! o!*o"!7, $s" s$7e !os%a(" s*r&e %e *e&e7". r"*oe&e *os(ame Fam" -"%% o! %"$) *e&e7", o! -%ore Z"rm" 7as(a(.F %a-om%o ?7m"ea&om@ a7+- sa 7a*"soa(" a *ro%o-o(+ s$)V!7 m"es%&+$)

-raa&s-$) orga&"7$", Q/%o&J -&")+ a "&J !o-me&%+. r"%om %$)%o orga&"7<$"$) (!o( %o(era&%& 7a) - *o!o5e a7+-a. Na*r-(a! 7a*"soa%e &ea-e orga<&"7$"e mo)o( *sa ?7m"ea&om@ a7+-, -m Q/%o&- s*"so&om a7+-a(e5o &ao*a-4. Na "(s%r$" %o)o, He sa *ro%o-o(+ s$)V!7 *re!se!&$%a -raa&<s-$) orga&"7$" 7a*"soa(" ?7m"ea&om@ a7+-, e!"eme Qr+o- 77&am %a<-e%o s$)V!7e reg"o&(&e *o5o/-+ Nro!&e s(oe&s-e s*o(o/&os%" mes%e/-Lee$)5rg %% e&s+(&"a4 -o&a&e 22. !e$em5ra r. 28.

=a(e &a %eHe s$)o!7+ sa !e5a%oa(o -rs *(a% U$%o&"-o. ra%e o!)(asoa(+ r. U/%o<&"-o+ Π2 %oges% 7a m"&(+ Ro- /o -o&a( =e S(H5+ %oges% 7a*"s&"$- a /%o&"$-

S(H5. \a%"m &as(e!oa( _4 o(5a Ura!&"-o &a Ro- 3.=a(e sa !e5a%oa(o o)(a!om $)ore *o%*or+ %oges% r. A&!re =ema& !a( &ar$) 7e5+

sa $)orora _4 *o%*ora "*(a$a(a &as(e!o&om *r"*a!e %oes _4 *r"*a!e *o-a("/e&e a 7a *r+ %"7!e& %oes% Œ 1. a samo o!se5e $)oro5a$) 7a e!e& %"7!e& &"/ (em %"m *a!om -e!5"7a a$e %"H&o %oes% o! e!&o)o %"H&a !(-s" 5( $)or+ %e!+ a 7a*r+ %"7!e& ma !os%a% 7a< *(a%e&o %e&%o &ar$) 5( a%"ma ra%m+ *o%*oroa&+. !aa(+ a "&a-e &ar)+ a(e ra%e (emos%a(+ *r+ r. =ema&oom &ar).

\a%"m &as(e!oa(o or/e&e (a% ra!&"-om%oes re!se!o+ Π1. 00\a*"s&"-o+ Π1. 00 &a Ro- 3U$%o&"-o+ Π1. 00 *a!e 7e5" Ura!&"- o%s-o/"( 7 ra!&"$%a %e!+ Ha!o& (a% &esm+ *oHa!oa%.

Fem" 7ama e *omer a7+-a $)o!os(oe&s-$) *5("-$" USA- a7+- -&) *5("-oa&$) *r"5("H&e ro&a-om /ase &a $)o!&om S(oe&s-.\! sa a-, He ma(" a4 s*o(o/&J /r%+. o%r!7oa( 5+ %o 7am5(o ro- e%e 7o7a/"a%- 20. s%oro/"a: ?F -a(&s-o

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sa (" s*"so&e re/", /"as%o/&e a (" /es-e re/" e("-o m"ero. A&!ras$s"-o?Še&- ae&/e&"@ *oaHQ &s 7a 7or $)o!os(oe&s-e re/". ...‘ To e $)+5<& &7or. ...‘ a sm *Vo!$a *om"ea( so soo ?ar"%"&o@ e%-+ s(oe&s-J&re/"a@ 7am5e(, 06, s. 8 – 04. T%o o%7-a 5+ s" 7as(H"(a oso5"%&Q *o7or<&os.

L"%era%Qra

ALN'R, .: L"%era%Qra o s(oe&s-om +sa)oa(e$%e !o S*oe&$) %%o amer"$-$). I&: S(o$"

7a)ra&"/, – 1, Mar%"&, Ma%"$a s(oe&s- X, s. X – 3.\AM'L, S.: S(oe&s- re/ a e m"es%o ro!"&e s(oa&s-$) a7+-o. Tr/"a&s-+ s. Mar%"&,

K&)%(a/"ars-+ Q/as%. s*o(o- 06. 62 s.ČUL'N, K.: S(oe&s-J /aso*"s+ Amer"-e. (ee(a&!, O)"o, r Ka%o($-a S(oe&s- e!&o%a

X0. 2 s.=ULIČ'NKO, A. =.: S(a"a&s-"e ("%era%r&+e m"-roa7+-". Ta(("&, Fa(gs 8. 32 s.'FANS, . M.: E"!e %o %)e Amer"-a&s-+ Rss-+ F"es%&"-. Fo(me I: 8 – . ar*a%)o

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ŠFAEROFSKn, Š.: S(o"a$-a o%7-a !e"&$) s(oe&/"&+. I&: S%!"a A$a!em"$a S(oa$a 3.re!&-+ 20. (e%&J)o sem"&ra s(oe&s-J)o a7+-a a -(%Qr+. Re!. . M"s%r-. ra%"s(aa, A(#a 8, s.1 – 161.

TATlK, L.: K 7a/"a%-om Amer"-&s-o

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SPRÁVY A RECENZIE

S5r'a o 6inno*ti (a78ko9:n; ?>:o@ta t=ra SAV7a rok 3443

. a7+-oe!& Qs%a h!o%a Š%Qra SAF Pa(e ihŠ SAF4 a-o 7-(a!&Js(oa-"s%"$-J *ra$o"s-o &a S(oe&s- 7amera&J &a -om*(e>& s-m s(oe&s-J)o

 a7+-a sa ro- 2002 /(e&"( &a se!em s-m&$) o!!e(e&: o!!e(e&"e sQ/as&e(e>"-o(Gg"e a (e>"-ogra#"e e!Q$a K. 7ss+o4, o!!e(e&"e a7+-oe -(%Qr+ a%erm"&o(Gg"e e!Q$" M. oaHa4, o!!e(e&"e sQ/as&J)o a7+-a e!Q$" . os-4,o!!e(e&"e !e& s(oe&/"&+ e!Q$" M. Ma%&4, !"a(e-%o(og"$-J o!!e(e&"e e!Q$" I.R"*-a4, o!!e(e&"e ("&g"s%"$-$) !% e!Q$" E. EaH"4 a &oo%ore&J o!!e(e&"eS(oe&s-J)o &ro!&J)o -or*s e!Q$a M. Š"m-o4. Fe!e&"e Qs%a sa o*ro%" *re!$)!7aQ$em ro- &e7me&"(o r"a!"%eom 5o( S. O&!reo"/, 7s%*$om r"a!"%e<a M. oaHa, e!e$-o %aom&/-o S. M"s(o"/o a *re!se!om e!e$-e ra!+ .os-4 a -o&$om ro-a Qs%ae *ra$oa(o 8 e!e$-$) *ra$o&-o 3 s )o!&oso=rS$. a 1 s )o!&oso S$., res*. )=.4, 30 o!5or&$) *ra$o&-o s +so-o-o(<s-m 7!e(a&m a 1 *ra$o&-o so s%re!o-o(s-m 7!e(a&m.

2. Fe!e$- /"&&os ihŠ SAF *re5"e)a(a *o!a *(& s-m&$) Q(o), *r"</om sa *ra$oa(o *re!oe%-m &a Vsm"$) s-m&$) *roe-%o$) rm$" gra&%o<$) Q(o), -%orJ s$)("(a gra&%o age&%Qra F'EA, a(e a &a Pa($) s-m&$) *roe-%o$).

2.. F *roe-%e lovn.k súčasného slovenského azyka e!Q$a r"e"%es-J)o-o(e-% K. 7ss+o4 sa !o . 77-, *sme& A – Y, -o&$"*oa(" &oJ )es(+e 8004, )(a& *o7or&os sa a- e&oa(a !o*Wa&", ro7"roa&" a s*resWo<a&" s-o&$"*oa&$) )es"e( s*o( +e 23 000 )es"e(4. A%or-+ s(o&-a *re!<s%a"(" s(e!-+ soe *r$e 28 *rs*e-o$) -H-+ )es"e( *5("-oa(" 6 *rs< *e-o$) /aso*"se K(%Qra s(oa r5r"-e  O rukopisu pripravovaného lovn.ka súčasného slovenského azyka4, *re!&"es(" re#er%o a *re!&o- &a 7a)ra&"/<&$) a !om$"$) e!e$-$) *o!a%"a$).

2.2. F rm$" *roe-% [azyková kultúra v teHrii a prai na začiatku 534 storo-čia a od(orná terminolHgia e!Q$" r"e"%es-J)o -o(e-% M. oaHa4 *r"*ra"(osa &oJ, !o*(&e&J a *rae&J +!a&"e Kr%-e)o s(o&-a s(oe&s-J)o a7+-a, s(e!o<a(" sa a e>$er*oa(" &eo(og"7m+, -%orJ sa (e>"-o(og"$-o"-ogra#"$-+ s*ra$oa(" a *5("-oa(" /aso*"se K(%Qra s(oa r5r"-e O nových výrazov 1 *o-ra/oa&4.Fs(e!-+ s-m 7 o5(as%" a7+-oe -(%Qr+ r"e"%e("a *re7e&%oa(" X +<

S(oe&s- re/, 68, 2003, /. 6 X 

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s%Q*e&"a$) &a -oere&$"$), /(&-o$) a m&oHs%e *o*(ar"7a/&$) *rs*e<-o.

2.3. F *roe-%e Prtoepický slovn.k slovenčiny e!Q$" r"e"%es-J)o -o(e-%S. O&!reo"/4 a%or" *ra$oa(" &a -o&$e*$"" s(o&-a a 7sa!$) %ra&s-r"*$"e *re!om$"$) " 7a)ra&"/&$) *oHa%eo a +*ra$oa(" Pa("e )es(.

2.. F *roe-%e $novačné procesy v slovne záso(e súčasne slovenčiny e!Q<$" r"e"%es-J)o -o(e-% . os-4 *o7or&os sa e&oa(a s-Qma&" /es-o$er*oa(" sa %erm"&o(og"$-J &eo(og"7m+ 7 o5(as%" a%o<mo5"("7m, mo5"(&e -om&"-$"e, *or%, -o7me%"-+ a mG!+ !o !a%a57+ *re *(&oa& s(o&- &eo(og"7mo. Č(e&o"a -o(e-% *5("-oa(" a *r"*ra"(" X %Q!",+s%Q*"(" &a 3 7a)ra&"/&$) a 6 !om$"$) -oere&$"$).

2.1. F *roe-%e  _istorický slovn.k slovenského azyka4 Iokončenie e!Q$"r"e"%es-J)o -o(e-% M. Ma%&4 s-o&$"*oa(o sa %a-mer 2 100 )es"e( !o *os(e!<&J)o 77- s(o&-a a "&%er&e re!a-$"" sa 7re!"goa(o %a-mer 2 300 s(o&<-o$) )es"e(. Č(e&o"a -o(e-% *r"*ra"(" a 2. 77o- rameWo - !e"&ms(oe&/"&+, *5("-oa(" 26 e!e$-$) *rs*e-o a /(&-o, *re!&"es(" 3 re#er%o&a 7a)ra&"/&$) a !om$"$) e!e$-$) -oere&$"$).

2.6. F *roe-%e  9oz2.renie tručného etymologického slovn.ka slovenčiny

r"e"%e h. Kr("-4 s-o&$"*oa(o sa 000 &o$) )es"e(, *reaH&e 7 rs%+ %7.$!7$) s(o a "&%er&a$"o&a("7mo, *r"e5eH&e sa 7(aPoa(a %r-%Qra s-o&$"*oa&$))es"e(, r"e"%e *5("-oa( %Q!" a a-%&e sa 7Q/as%&"( &a -oere&$"" 7a)ra&"/.

2.X. F *roe-%e lovn.k slovenských náreč. e!Q$" r"e"%es-J)o -o(e-%I. R"*-a4 re!"goa(" sa )es( 2. 77-. o-ra/oa(o sa )er"s%"$-om s-mea !o*Wa& -ar%o%J- a #o&!o. Č(e&o"a -o(e-% s-o&$"*oa(" %Q!" a me&$) *rs*e-o %-aQ$"$) sa &re/oe (e>"-o(Gg"e a (e>"-ogra#"e, +s%Q*"(" &a 7a<)ra&"/&$) a 1 !om$"$) e!e$-$) -oere&$"$). =o a&%o(Gg"e &re/o$) %e>%o *r"*ra"(" 80 s%r& %e>%o 7o s%re!os(oe&s-J)o &re/oJ)o ma-roare(.

2.8. F *roe-%e lovanský azykový atlas e!Q$a r"e"%es-J)o -o(e-%A. Zere&/-o4 sa *r"*ra"(o 32 -om*(e%&$) sQ5oro *o/%a/oo s*ra$oa&$)Q!ao, *o-ra/oa(o sa -o&$"*oa& Qo!&$) s%a% a *r*rae s+&%e%"$-$) m*, *r"*raoa(" sa s(oe&s-J $)o!"s-oJ Q!ae !o grama%"$-J)o 77- 7me&4.

2.. F &egra&%oom *roe-%e lovenský národný korpus e!Q$a -o(e-%M. Š"m-o4 sa ro5"( smr !o%era$) %e>%o -or*se, "$) -o&er7"a *o! &o-or*so ma&aHJr a *o-ra/oa(o sa *r*rae %e>%o !o -or*soe #orm+. Ro7*<ra$oa(a sa %r-%Qra 7!roo -or*so$) %e>%o, "$) o&-a"a 5"5("ogra#"$-4a &Q%or& a&o%$"a mor#o(og"$-J 7&a/-oa&"e4, a-o a s*rs%*&e&"e &a "&%er&e%e.

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3. Me!7" 7&am&J s(e!-+ e!"/&e /"&&os%" ihŠ SAF ro- 2002 *a%r +<!a&"e 75or&-a :ro(lémy adaptácie cudz.ch mien v slovenčine4  O(orn.k pr.spevkov z vedeckého seminára %;ratislava 3N4 – 5L4 oktH(ra 5LLL&. '!. h. Kr("-. ra%"<s(aa, Fe!a 2002. 6 s.; :ramene k deinám slovenčiny4 Ov4 54 \os%. T. La("-oa M. Ma%&. ra%"s(aa, Fe!a 2002. 2X6 s. *5("-$"" sa s*rs%*We Pa("a /as *rame&&e 7-(a!&e Y"s%or"$-J)o s(o&-a s(oe&s-J)o a7+-a o5sa)Q$a o-rem"&J)o 5er a!m"&"s%ra%&o

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1. is%a sa a ro- 2002 7a*a( !o me!7"&ro!&e 5"(a%er(&e a m(%"(a%er(<&e e!e$-e s*o(*r$e. S a7+-oe!&m" *ra$o"s-am" Mos-e, M"&s-, K+< ee, o Farae, r&e, !+&e a%7e&e4, h5a&e, \)re5e, e(e)<ra!e a S-o*e a%ors-+ a re!a-/&e s*o(*ra$oa( &a me!7"&ro!&om s-m&om *roe-%e lovanský azykový atlas. F &a!7&os%" &a *roe-% T'LRI II *o-ra/oa(ao& s*o(*r$a 26 orga&"7$" 7 -ra& s%re!&e a $)o!&e 'rG*+ a S*o(o/e&<s%a &e7"s($) %%o o5(as%" 5!oa&"a &ro!&$) a7+-o$) 7!roo a %or5+ a7+-o$) %e$)&o(Gg". \s-a&J *o7&a%-+ 7o s*o(*r$e sa +H"(" *r" 5!oa&

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 *ra$o&$" 5o(" /(e&m" me!7"&ro!&$) e!e$-$) orga&"7$" a s*o(o/&os%, a-o sQSo$"e%as L"&g"s%"$a 'ro*aea, 'rG*s-a aso$"$"a (e>"-ogra#o 'URAL'q, Aso<$"$"a T'LRI, S*o(o/&os *re *o/%a/oQ ("&g"s%"- Ma&$)es%r"4, Me!7"&ro!&so$"o("&g"s%"$- aso$"$"a So#""4, Me!7"&ro!& #o&e%"$- s*o(o/&os ra)e4,S*o(o/&os *re !e"&+ a7+-oe!+ M&s%er"4. Š%+r"a *ra$o&$" Qs%a . os-,M. =!o-, M. Ma%&, I. R"*-a4 5o(" /(e&m" re!a-/&$) r! 7a)ra&"/&$) *er"o!-.

F"a$er *ra$o&$" Qs%a K. 7ss+o, M. Ze!-, A. Zere&/-o, A. aro<o, h. Kr("-, S. O&!reo"/, I. R"*-a, . S-(a!a&4 sa *re!&ese&m re#er%oa *re!&o- 7Q/as%&"(" &a e!e$-$) *o!a%"a$) 7a)ra&"/ Čes-, )or%s-,)os("", MaPars- a os-4, *ra$o&$" K. a((e-o, . os-, A. Zere&<

/-o, T. Eamra%o, A. aroo, S. Ko%("/o, h. Kr("-, S. O&!reo"/, A. s<-e"(ero, A. Ra#a+o, M. Š"m-o4 sa 7Q/as%&"(" &a *ra$o&$) a %!"&$) *o< 5+%o$) Čes-, =&s-, )os("", Ma$e!G&s-, MaPars-, Neme$-, os- aRa-Qs- a rm$" me!7"a-a!em"$-$) !o)V! Qs%a &a%"(" 6 *ra$o&$" 7 Čes-a.

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kolokvium mladých azykovedcov Mo!ra*er%7+, *os!7oa(" a7+-oQ a %erm"&o(o<g"$-Q s%r&- 7-o&o, +)(o- a (!&+$) &ar"a!e&, 7Q/as%Woa(" sa &a %or5e as%aoa& o!5or&e %erm"&o(Gg"e rm$" re7or%&$) %erm"&o(og"$-$) -om"s".”sm" *ra$o&$" Qs%a . os-, A. Zere&/-o, h. Kr("-, M. Ma%&, S. O&!re< o"/, M. oaHa, I. R"*-a, A. Še5es%o4 5o(" /(e&m" *ora!&$) org&o (!+S(oe&s-e re*5("-+, M"&"s%ers%a -(%Qr+ SR, M"&"s%ers%a -o(s%a SR, ira!geo!J7"e, -ar%ogra#"e a -a%as%ra SR, /(e&m" re7or%&$) %erm"&o(og"$-$) -om"s"M"&"s%ers%a &Q%ra SR, M"&"s%ers%a 7a)ra&"/&$) e$ SR, M"&"s%ers%a H"o%&J)o *ros%re!"a SR, ira! *re &orma("7$", me%ro(Gg" a s-Qo5&$%o SR4. M. oaHa 5o( *re!se!om is%re!&e a7+-oe ra!+, *ora!&J)o org& m"&"s%ra -(%Qr+ o%7<-a$) %%&e)o a7+-a, a *re!se!om N7os(o&e -om"s"e ira! geo!J7"e, -ar%o<gra#"e a -a%as%ra SR.

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e!e$-$) -oere&$" a so S(oe&s-m Qs%aom %e$)&"$-e &orma("7$"e s*o(*ra<$oa( *r" %or5e a s%aoa& s(oe&s-e o!5or&e %erm"&o(Gg"e.

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F %r-%Qre 5"(e&$) e!e$-$) -oere&$" sa o!7r-a!e &am e!e$-J7amera&"e 5"(a&%a, -%or o soom Qo!&om *r)oore *r"am"( *o7or&os &a%ra!"/&J )o!&o%+ s(oe&/"&+ " s(oe&s-e a7+-oe!+ a +s(o"( &!e &a e Pa( "&<%egr(&+ "&. Na*o/e%&e" s-*"& re#er%o %or"(" !"a(e-%o(og"$-+ a (e>"-o(o<g"$-+ 7amera&J *rs*e-+  Yad slovn.kom slovenských náreč. . Rse-, Kra-o4 " Yiektoré aspekty nárečove slovotvor(y . S"ero$"-, o7&aW4 " :omenúvaciemodely v hydronymii h. S"/-o, reo4,  1onotat.vnos! propri. . O!a(o,. +s%r"$a4, Iistri(úcia homonymných vz!ahov v leikálnom systéme súčasne slovenčiny" chorvátčiny a sr(činy  R. Yor-o, ra%"s(aa4,  PnomaziologickékategHrie desu(statnt.vnych slovies  h. L"*%-o, reo4,  YiekoZko poznámok

o trunkácii v slovenčine M. Ia&o, reo4,  P interlingválne motiváciiM. O(o%"a-, reo4, 9ole kompozice v současné če2tine . M"%%er, is% &a! La< 5em4, :ro(lematika ekvivalentnosti v súčasnom azyku ruských a slovenských maso-vokomunikačných prostriedkov N. =ema&o, reo4;  =eografická diferencova-nos! funkci. primárnych predlo'iek A. Zere&/-o, ra%"s(aa4, Yárečie [enkovieca okolia Z. R/-, reo4, Yárečové výskumy v slovenských enklávach v ^aar- sku K. a((e-o, ra%"s(aa4. Tra!$"m 7 "&J)o "a$ )"s%or"$-J)o4 as*e-% sa e<&oa(" *rs*e-+ 0irkevná slovančina a cyrilometodská trad.cia M. Š%e$, reo4, ^inulos! a súčasnos! frazeologických internacionalizmov v slovenčine . S-(a!a&,ra%"s(aa4,  Eplyv nemecke valaske kolonizácie na toponymiu @urca . Kr-o,. +s%r"$a4, [azykové kontakty slovenčiny s maarčinou v historickom pohZade –

odraz vo východoslovenských nárečiach L. ar%-o, reo4, :ro(lematické miestav preklade cirkevnoslovanske liturgie do slovenčiny . La$a, reo4. Zo&o(Gg" – a7+-oe!&Q !"s$"*(& &a"a$ ro7aQ$ %r-%ra("s%"$-Q %ra!$" s(oe&s-e a7+<-oe!+ – re*re7e&%oa(" !a *rs*e-+, e!e& s *resa)om !o )"s%or"$-J)o "&s(oe&/"&+ M. Se!(-o, reo4 a !r) s "&%egra/&m *resa)om !o gra#"$-ero"&+ s*"so&e s(oe&/"&+ I. O/e&, . +s%r"$a4.

O "&%egr$"" s(oa-"s%"-+ !o rm$a s(oa&s-$) 5a " &es(oa&s-$)4 a7+-o, 7-%orm" s(oe&/"&a "&oo sQ"s, a(e a o "&%egr$"" e!&o%("$) 5!a%es-$)o5(as% rm$" s-m s(oe&/"&+ !o "r$) a7+-oe!&$) $e(-o se!/"(" &a*r<-(a! re#er%+:  Ieklinačný systém su(stant.v v goralských nárečiach z aspektu slovensko-poZských azykových kontaktov . =!o, reo4, ^echanizmy vý-vinových zmien v nominálne fleii v slovensko-poZskom pon.man. Y. M"e$7<-o9s-a, Kra-o4, lovesné tvary na vyadrenie (udúceho dea v spisovne sloven-čine a sr(čine \. M"-o"$o, reo4, :rie(eh slovesného dea v slovanskýcha neslovanských azykoch h. E7", reo4, krainsko-slovenská slovotvorná in-terferencia \. Ya&!eo, . +s%r"$a4, Yáčrt výskumu sémanticke syntae –dvovalenčné predikáty v slovenčine a poZ2tine M. a*"er7, Kra-o4, lovenčinav kontaktoch s ru2tinou . S"*-o, reo4, lovenčina v kontaktoch a konfliktoch

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 s inými azykmi a zrkadlenie tohto vz!ahu vo vysielan. slovenského rozhlasu I. e&</a, ra%"s(aa4, ociolingvistické aspekty nárečia stredného pi2a M. Yoa&/-,ra%"s(aa4, Eplyv spisovného variantu na fleiu zempl.nskych náreč. M. )o$)o(,ra%"s(aa4, pisovná slovenčina ako fenomén integrácie 9Hmov na východnomlovensku '. Zr)a#o, reo4, ;ilingvizmus ako fenomén lovákov v ^aar- sku M. "(-o, !a*e4. O a7+-o$) *resa)o$), -%orJ sa %eore%"$-e ro"&e!o%-aQ " s(oe&/"&+, "ormoa(" *rs*e-+ 1 promBnám a konstantám presti'e spisovnosti . So5o!o, Os%raa4, $ntegračná a dezintegračná funkcia etnolektu. t+!er-a, O*o(e4 " :očet su(kHdov prirodzených azykov a perspekt.vy ich vý-voa . S%as7e9s-", Ka%o"$e4.

 Na -oere&$"" +s%Q*"(" s(oe&s- a7+-oe!$" a s re#er%m", -%orJ sa 7ao5eraQem" a-%(&o *ro5(ema%"-o "orma/&$) a -om&"-a/&$) %e$)&o(Gg": 1omuni-kačná funkcia slovenčiny v nových informačných technolHgiách . Kesse(o,Z. Zra&-o, reo4,  )ingvistická vedomos! a poč.tačové spracovanie azyka M.Ma(oe$-, ra%"s(aa4,  a slovenčina F. e&-o, ra%"s(aa4. K %om%o !r) *rs*e-o *a%r"( a $e( 5(o- re#er%o o S(oe&s-om &ro!&om -or*se, *r"*raoa<&e *o/%a/oe !a%a57e r/e&e &a s-m s(oe&/"&+ M. Š"m-o, . =om"&, R.Eara5-, A. Yor-, M. ZorrGo, ra%"s(aa4. r-(a!om 7a*a&"a sa s(oa-"s%"-+ !ome!7"&ro!&$) s-m&$) *roe-%o a +Ha&"a s(e!-o s-mo 7a)ra&"/&e a7+-oe!+ 5o( *rs*eo- :riemerná d'ka výpovede ako ukazovateZ ontogenézy rečiS. Ka*a(-o, M. M"-(ao ra%"s(aa; I. G&o, =. S(a&/o, reo4.

rs*e-+ so "r"e %eore%"$-+ -o&$"*oa&m" %Jmam" orga&"7a/&e rm$oa(" *r"e5e) -oere&$"e: [azyk v čase a priestore – priestor a čas v azyku . Sa5o(,reo4, ystém azyka a prechodné avy v azyku . Ka/a(a, ra%"s(aa4, 1omuni-kačný kanál verzus slovenčinaC F. a%r, . +s%r"$a4.

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