Squadron Signal Aircraft No 108 Tu-16 Badger in Action

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Number 108publicationssquadron/signal

Turl0 BADOEfiin actionBy Robert Bock

Color by Don Greer& Perry Manley

lllustrated by Joe Sewell

Aircraft.squadron/signal

Number lOBpublications

copyRIGHT @ rro squanRoN/srcNAl eUBLICATIoNs, INc.11 15 CROWLEY DRIVE CARROLLTON. TEXAS 7501 1-5010All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system ortransmitted in any form by any means electrical, mechanical or otherwise, without written permis-sion ofthe publisher.

ISBN 0-89747-252-7

Ifyou have any photographs of the aircraft, armor, soldiers or ships ofany nation, particularly wartimesnapshots, why not share them with us and help make Squadron/Signal's books all the more interestingand complete in the future. Any photograph sent to us will be copied and the original returned. The donorwill be fully credited for any photos used. Please send them to:

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DedicationFor my Mother and Father - thank you for everything.

Editor's NoteThe name Badgeris not actuallypartofthe Soviet designation of theTir-16. Badgeris

in fact a NATO Reporting Name; that is, a name assigned to the aircraft by the NorthAtlantic Tieaty organization's Air Standards co-ordinating Committee, a joint com-mittee made up of members from all NATo countries. The purpose of these reportingnames is to allowrapid radio identification/reporting of Soviet aircraft types. The namesare all designed to sound different so that they will not be confused, even under con-ditions of poor radio reception.

Single syllable names are used for propeller driven aircraft, while multiple syllablenames are used for jet powered aircraft. The name also gives the basic mission of the air-craft. Names beginning with F are for hghters, transports all begin with C, helicopterswith H, and miscellaneous types (trainers, reconnaissance, etc.) begin with M.

Bomber aircraft all have names beginning with B, therefore under the NATO Report-ingName System,theTir-l6was namedBadgerindicatingthatitis ajetpowered bomberaircraft. Variants ofthe basic aircraft are all identilied by a suffix letter. fhe second Tu- I 6variant identified by NATo would receive the name Badger B, the third Badger C, etc.Often this does not follow actual Soviet production. As an example, a type may actuallybe a third production varian! and be identihed/named by NATO before the second pro-duction variant was seen by NATO observers.

1

Military Photographic AgencyU.S. Department of DefenseLarry DavisLee ThomasBill Strandberg

A U.S. Navy A-7E Corsair ll escorts a TU-16 Badger E away from a Navy task group in thePacifrc duringAprilof 1984. Badgeroverffightsarecommon during Navyexercises, especiallyifa carrier task group is involved.

AcknowledgmentsI would like to thank my lriends Marek Idzior and Andrzej Lesicki lor their help and

support in the writing of this book. A special thanks must also go to my wife, Kate, whowas always understanding and forgiving, and to my children, Jan and Julia, who did notdisturb me.

Photo CreditsAuthor's CollectionSwedish Air ForceU.S. NaryNicholas J. Waters IIIRobert J. Ruffle

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INTRODTJCTIONon 27 october 1937, agents of the infamous NKVD arrested Anclrey Nikoaycvich

Tupolevon the charge ofbeinga "Class Enemy" who had provided Willy Messcrsihrnittwith plans for an aircraft quite similar to the Bf-l 10. At the same time a group ol otheraviation designers and engineers includingV. Petlakov, V. Myasishchev ancl A. Putilovwere also arrested and put into Butyrka Prison.

Tirpolev spent almost a year in prlson till Lavrentii Beria recallecl that there were alarge number of aviation designers/engineers in prison and/or labor camps. Bcriaenvisioned the establishment of a special Design Bureau designated the TsKB-j9 NKVDusing the talents of these prisoners. The bureau was also called Sp etstekhotdel,or SpecialTechnical Detachment. Later the name was once more changed to sTC (from the Rus-sianword forOne Hundred).As aresult, aircraftdesignedbythe Bureauwere designate<l100, 102, 103, I 10, etc. Among the 150 members of this design bureau were six futurJmem-bers of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, twelve professors and assistant professors,seventeen chief designers and other aviation specialists.

while in prison, Tupolev designed what was perhaps the best soviet bomber of theSecond WorldlMar. Originally known as Aircraft 103, the aircraft was later redesignatedas the Tu-2. After the outbreak of the Second World War. Stalin was forced to look forways to strengthen the Red Army and Air Force. Imprisoned military officers werereleased, as were the members of the STO. Tirpolevwas setfree on 27 Jlly 1941. His bom-be1 however, had been taken out ofproduction so that available factory space could beused to produce Yakovlev Yak 7 fighters. The Yak 7 received production priority as aresult of thepolitical efforts of A.S. Yakovlev, who had taken full advantage of his posi-tion as the deputy minister for the aviation industry.

Yakovlev was also partially responsible for the decision that ended production ofstrategic bombers for the Soviet Air Force (wS) throughout the war years. when the wardrew to a close, the Soviets found that they did not have a true strategic bomber in service.With the introduction of nuclear weapons, the importance of heavy strategic bombersincreased significantly. Although it had been decided to develop long rangi missiles asthe primary platform for Soviet nuclear power, introduction of fhese vehicles was still alongway off and until they could be developed, only a long range strategic healry bombercould carry a nuclear bomb over the distances required.

The solution to the bomber problem appeared as if by luck. on 29 July 1944, a BoeingB-2?-5.-BW \9-6256) Superfortress piloted by CAPT Howard R. Jarrell was damaged byanti-aircraft fire during an attack on the Showa Steel Works at Ashan. Unable to make iiback to home base, Jarrell headed the B-29 toward the Soviet Union and landed on thesmall airfield at Thrrichanka. After weeks of interrogation, Jarrell and his crew were sentto an internment camp in Tirrkestan.

Three weeks later, a second Superfortress, B-29A-I-BN (42-93829), crashed nearKhabarovsk. Finally, during November of 1944, a third B-29-5-Bw (serial 42-6358) fellinto Soviet hands. These three B-29s, at the time the most advanced production bomberin the world, became the prototypes of a new soviet strategic bomber. with the B-29savailable t9 sgrve as pattern aircraft, the Russians abandoned several designs (amongthem Tirpolev's Design 64) and concentrated on copying the American B-29.

It was not a simple task. Even without the difficulty of converting all the Americanmeasurements to the metric system, the Sovietaviation industrywas completelyunpreparedto take advantage of the advanced technology in the Superfortress. Ti,rpolev's tiam wasassigned the task of copying and adapting the B-29 airframe, while A B. Shvetsoy's bureauwas to copy the wright-cyclone R-3350 engine. other teams were occupied in copying theaircraft's electronics, armament and other systems.

4

The Superfortresswas copied in an incrediblyshortperiodoftime and, on 3August 1947,three new B-29s wearing Red star markings flew over the spectators on Moscou/s RedSquare during a military display. These were the hrst three aircraft of a twenty aircraft pre-production batch produ,ced by Ti-rpolev under the designation Tu-4 (NATO .eporti.rgname Bull). These aircraft were almost identical to the B-29, differing mainly in having thepressurized crew compartments built as separate sections without a connecting tunnil.

Over the course of Tir4 production the defensive armament was strengthened. Initially,the Tir-4s w-ere produced with an armament of ten l2.7ruu machine guns. These weiechanged to 2Outvt cannons and still later to 23trlu weapons. The Tir-4 becime the standardbomberforSovietlong-range aviationthroughoutthelate 1940s.Itwas alsoused as atanker,cargo transport (TU-75), paratroop carrier (Tir4T) and reconnaissance aircraft (Tu4R)equlpped with additional fuel tanks and cameras mounted in the bomb bay.

During the late l940s, it became obvious that the Tir4 needed to be replaced. It was fartoo slow and its range fell short of being truly intercontinental. Since it was the end of theSecond World Waq a new political order has been established. Two opposing political andmilitary centers had become dominant - America and the Soviet Union. The Americanswere in a bettermilitaryposition, since theyhadthe advantageofnumerous bases surround-ing the USSR. The Russians could onlyreach targets inthe U.S. frombases within theirownterritory. For this reason the Russians spent vast amounts of funds on the development ofintercontinental missiles and long range bombers.

TUpolev tried to improve the Tu-4, especially in its range. Successive modifications,designated Designs 80 and 85, were built. These retained many components of the Tir4 butwere characterized by larger wing spans, increased fuel capacity, improved aerodynamicsand m_ore pgyerful englnes. The final varian! known as the Dlsign s5 (NATO rlportingllTg BqIg:) had a thirty percent greater wing span than the Tir4 and a range of Z2OO tm(4,474 miles). A further modification to the Design 85 saw the aircraft re-engined with fourM-35engines.This aircraftwas to havecarrieda 5,000kg(l l,022pounds)bomb loadatadis-tance of 17,000 km (10,563 miles). The projec! however, was neverputinio productiorl beingsuperseded by the Design 95.

. -The swept wing Design 95 was powered by four 12,000 shp NK-12 turboprop engines

with counter-rotating propellers. After successful testing Design 95 was introduce^d inlo theSoviet strategic air forces under the service designation Tir-95 (NATO reporting name Bear).This aircraft has seenyears of successful service and, some thirtyyears after its maiden flighi;lvas 1e_instrtgd into production as the Tu-142M (NAro reporting name Bear H) armed frththe AS-15 Kent cruise missiles.

This was one of three Boeing B-29s that lell into Sovlet hands during the Second World War.The alrcraft was named Ding How and carraed the serial number 28358 (USAAF serial 42-6358). lt ls unclear if the Soviets repainted the number an error or changed the 6 to 8purposely.

On 17 December 1947, the American Boeing B-47 Stratojet made its maiden flight andTirpolev was pressed to speed up work on several new jet bomber projects. During 1949,Tirpolev started construction of Design 83, but the project was abandoned before the pro-totype was completed. During this same time period, the preliminary sketches of three newdesigns, (86, 88 and 90) appeared on Tupolev's drawing board.

Tirpolev initially proposed the three different designs to replace the Tir-4. All threefeatured the same fuselage design, differing mainly in the engines. Design 86 was to havebeen equipped with the MikulinAM-TRD-02 (TR-3) engines in underwinggondolas. Theengines proved unreliable and underpowered, causing Tupolev to abandon the aircraft.Design 90 was also abandoned because of problems with its engines (NK-12 turbo-props).

Tupolev had preferred Design 88 (also referred to as the the Type N for securityreasons) and decided to go ahead with development of this aircraft. Design 88 wasdesigned to use the powerful 19,290 pounds thrust (lbst) AM-03 turbojet engine built bythe Mikulin OKB. Dmitrii S. Markov was appointed as project chief engineer withTupolev supervising all work on the project.

Tupolev was not satisfied with the early luselage design because its wide cross-section. Eventually, Tirpolev designed an area rule, narrowdiameter cylindrical shapedfuselage with the engines semi-recessed along the fuselage sides. The diameter ofthefuselage was partially determined by the diameter of the largest sovict bomb, the FAB-9000, which was to be carried in the bomb bay.

Wind tunnel testing of the Design 88 in the TsAGI T-101 wind tunnel showed thatthedesign was very clean with a very low drag. During the early 1950s there were manyadvocates of the wing root engine installation mainly because of its low drag and the fact

that it left the swept wings aerodynamically clean. The wing of Design 88 was not "com-pletely" clean. In the space where the engines would normally be mounted, Tupolevmounted large pods to house the landing gear. The final landing gear design was pro-posed by team member A.A. Yudin and it consisted of a four bogie main wheel landinggear housed in the wing pods which extended back past the wing trailing edge.

The Design 88 prototype made its first flight on 27 April1952 with experimental testpilot N.S. Rybko at the controls. State trials were conducted by B. N. Grozdov, while L A.Starkov was responsible for factory test. While the factory trials were quickly completed,it was six months before the state acceptance trials were finished. During testing theDe9len 88 prototype achieved a maximum speed of 945 km/h (587 mph) and a ceiling of11,000 meters (36,000 feet).

In December of 1952, the Soviet government decided to place the Design 88 into pro-duction despite its slow speed and inadequate range. Tupolev did not agree withlhisdecision, because in his opinion the aircraft was far too heavy (80,000 kg/1i6,36 pounds).He proposed a newvariant which was lighterby some 5,500 kg (12,125 pounds) and con-vinced the government to change its first decision.

The modified bomber received the service designation Tir-16 and the second pro-totype made its maiden flight during 1953 while preparations for series production con-tinued. The Tu-16 prototype had far better performance than its predecessor: speed wasnow992 kmh (616 mph), ceilingwas 12,800 meters (41,995 feet), range was 5,760 km (3,579miles) with a bomb load of 3,000 kg(6,6l4pounds) and the aircraft'sweight had droppedto 72,000 kg (158,730 pounds).

Full production of the Tir-16 began during early 1954. The first nine aircraft wererevealed to the public on I May 1954 and it received the NAIO reporting name Badger.

The second Tu'1 6 prototype shares the airfield with a number of TU-4 Bull bombers. The air-craft had the official OKB number 88 and was also known as the Type N for security reasons.The aircraft was overall natural metal with no markings other than the national insignia.

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Tu-I6 Badger AThe production Tir-16 differed little from the prototype except in the position of the

pitot tubes on the nose, the shape of the main landing gear doors, and in the types ofantennas carried. The main landing gear doors were changed with the single piece frontopening door being deleted in favor of two piece side opening doors. The two pitot/airsensor tubes on the nose under the cockpit were repositioned and the single bladeantenna in front of the cockpit was changed to a three pole IFF antenna (NATO report-ing name Odd Rods).

The production Tu-16 was a classic level bomberwhich was given the NATO report-ing name Badger A. The aircralt was equipped with an internal bomb bay mounted inthe fuselage between the engines. This bay was large enough to house an FAB-9000 bomb(although the bomb protruded slightly from the bomb bay) or a combination of smallerbombs up to a total of 9,000 kg(19,942 pounds).

Defensive armament for the Tu- l6 Badger A consisted of three remote controlled gunturrets (dorsal, ventral and tail) each armed with twin 23vrr.r NR-23 cannons. Add-itionally, a single fixed NR-23 cannon was mounted on the starboard side of the nose justbehind the bombardier's position and fired by the pilot. For navigational purposes andblind bombing. a PRS-1 AG Argon bomb/nav radar was mounted in a streamlinedradome on the underside of the luselage just behind the navigator/bombardier's com-partment.

The crew compartments consisted of a pressurizcd compartmcnt in the nose and asecond pressurized compartment in the tail for the two rear gunners. In the prototype,these compartments were connected by a tunnel, howcver, this feature was deleted onproduction Tu-16s. Entry to the two compartments was made through three hatches inthe fuselage underside: one on the nose. and two at the rear ofthe aircraft.

It is believed that most of thc 2,000 Tir-l6s produced were the basic BadgerAbomberairframe, with the superseding variants being remanufactured/modified Badger As.Late production Badger As diflered from early batches in having lengthened wing air-flow lences, an enlarged chin radome and in the positioning of various windows andhatches.

One modified Tu-16 Badger A (Serial 4201M2) was tested between 1954-55 with agreatly increased fuel capacity. This increased the gross weight from 71.560 kg to 75,800kgwhich caused takeoff speed to rise from 280 kmh to 288 kmh and the takeoff run to gofrom 1,900 to 2,180 meters (7,152 feet). After successful testing, this newconfiguration wascleared for production, allowing Badger A bombers to carry significantly more fuel withthe same bomb load.

Another modification that occurred early during Badger A production was thereplacement of the 8,750 kg (19,290 lbst) AM-3 engines with more powerful 9,500 kg(20,944lbst) AM-3M engines (these engines were redesignated, RD-3M, when SergieyTumanski became the OKB chief after Alexander Mikulin was dismissed for miscon-duct).The re-enginedTir-l6BadgerAhad a top speed of 1,050 kmh (652 mph), aceilingof15,000 meters (49,213 feet) and a range of 7,200km(4,474 miles).

Although externally identical to the Ti:-16 Badger A" a dedicated atomic bomb car-rier, the Tir-16A, was built as a modification of the basic Tu-16 airframe. Another mod-ification was the Tu-16T, a torpedo bomber with a modihed bomb bay, which couldhouse four RAT-52 torpedos, two WB-2F guided bombs, twelve AMD-500 mines or fourAMD-1000 mines. Again, this aircraft was externally identical to the standard Tir-16Badger A and no new NATO name was assigned.

The Tu'16 Badger A on display at Monino has a large Blue 5O painted on the nose. Aircraftattached to combat units had their tactical number on the tail and nosewheel doors, Theastrodome behind thecockpitwas used bya gunnerwhooperated theremotecontrol dorsalturret.

There are reports that Soviet Badger As have participated in combat operations dur-ing the Afghan war. Tu-16s of the WS reportedly carried out medium level bombingattacks against targets in Afghanistan from their bases across the border in Uzbekistan,although it is believed that there were only a small number of such operations.

Tir-16N TankerA number of TU-16 Badger A bombers were converted to the aerial tanker role by

mounting a fuel tank in the bomb bay and installing a refueling hose system in the star-board wingtip This system is unique and requires the receiver aircraft to engage the trail-ing hose with its port wingtip. Once engaged, the fuel flow is begun and it is estimated thatrefueling by this method requires some ten to fifteen minutes to complete.

Later tanker variants ofthe Tu- 1 6N discarded the wingtip hose for a hose and droguerelueling method, similar to that used by the U.S. Navy. The hose/basket is stowed in thebomb bay of the Badger A tanker and reeled out to be engaged by the probe of thereceiver aircraft (such as Tir-22 Blinder, Tir-95 Bear and Tv22M Backfire bombers).

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The remote controlled ventral gun barbette was armed with two NR-23 23mu cannons with7oo rounds per gun. The guns can depress 95", elevate 2", and rotate a full 360".

Nose Development

Tu-l6 Prototype Blade _Bhde Antenna

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The nayigator/bombardier ol the TU-l 6 Badger A was housed in the glazed nose section andmanned the RBP-4 Rubin 1 bomb sight which was mounted behind a optically flat armorglass panel. The panel under the nose is the navigator/bombardier entry hatch.

8

Tu-1 6 Badger AODD Rods

IFF Antenna

HF Antenna(tate

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RepositionedPitot

Tubes

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A Tu-16 Badger A drops a load of twelve 1 ,1O2 pound bombs during armament testing. TheBadger A was used as a level bomber in combat during the Afghanistan war where they weredeployed in bombing attacks on the cities of Herat and Kandshan.

Main Landing Gear Door

Tu-16 Prototype

Single PieceForward Opening

Door

Tu-16

T\rvo PieceSide Opening

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The rear compartment was occupied by the rear turret gunner who operated the rear turretguns and PRS-1 radar gun sight and an observer/gunner who operated the under fuselageturret. The under fuselage turret was sighted by using the two large blaster wandows belowthe horizontal stabilizers.

Specifications

Tupolev Tu-l6 Badger AWingspan ......108 feet/r inchLength ..1 18 feet 1 1 7+ inchesHeight. .......45feet11%inchesEmpty Weight ..82,OOO poundsMaximumWeight ......165,350poundsPowerplants. ...Two 19,285 lbst RD-3M

turbojets.

Armament. .. ,.Seven NR-23 23MM cannons.Up to 19,800 poundsof bombs in inlernal bomb bay

PerformanceMaximum Speed . ....616 mphService ceiling . . . .. ..4O,35O feetRange. .......1,955mi|es

Crew . .........Six

An F/A-l 8 Hornet escorts a pair of Badgers over the Mediterranean Sea. The Badger in theforeground is a Badger J ECM aircraft while the aircraft in the background is a Badger Atanker.

ATU-1 6R Badger E reconnaissanceaircrafttakes on luel from a Tu-1 6N BadgerAtanker. TheWhite rectangle on the side of the Tu-16N, Just behind the Jet exhaust, is a visual referencepoint for the pilot of the aircraft being refueled.

A Tu-1 6N Badger A (left) tanker passes fuel to a Tu-1 6R Badger E (right). The two ventralradomes on the Tu-16R house passive electronic reconnaassance eguipment and the bombbay carries a pallet with cameras.

During refueling operations the gunner/radio operator, who mans the rear compartmentside observation blisters under the tail, is responsible for guiding the pilot. This crewmanalso serves as the lead gunner, commanding all gun stations during combat.

Missile CarriersTu-16KS-1 Badger B

Tomeetthe needs ofthe SovietNavalAirArm(AV-MF) forastand-off antiship mis-sile carrier, Tupolev modified the basic Tu-16 aircraft to carry two KS-l (NATo reportingname AS-l Kennel) air-to-surface cruise missiles underthe designation Tu-16KS-1. ThisBadger variant was first revealed to the West during 1961 and received the NATO report-ing name Badger B.

Internally,there is little difference between theTir-16KS-l Badger B and the standardTir- l6 Badger A" with both aircraft being equipped with a bomb bay for level bombing.There are some avionics and electronics differences, with the Badger B being equippedwith the Komet III I band radar in addition to the standard bomb/nav radar. Extirnatty,the Badger B differed from the Badger A in having a missile pylon under each wing cap-able of carrying a single KS-l (AS-1) missile, and in the addition of a small window on

Groundcrewmen maneuvera KS-l air-to-surfacecruise missile (NATOcode nameAS-1 Ken-nel) on its handling dolly. The missite is carraed on a pylon under the wing of the Tu-16Ks-1Badger B. After the KS'1 was withdrawn from service, Badger Bs reverted to the bomberrole-

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the port fuselage side nearthe engine air intake. The KS-l Kryliatyi snaiadwas designedby the Mikoyan OKB. It was a small pilotless aircraft similar in appearance to the MiG-l5 hghter. It was powered by an RD-500 turbojet engine, had a top speed of 1,200 kph (745mph), l range of 200 km (124 miles) and was armed with a 900 kg (1,984 pounA; nlgnexplosive warhead.

The missile was guided by data link corrections supplied by the Komet III radarhoused in a retractable radome under the Badger B's center fuselage. Missile terminalhoming was accomplished by a small onboard radar mounted in the missile's nose.operationally, the Badger B's assigned mission was anti-shipping strike, with its primarytarget being the aircraft carriers of the U.S. Naly.

Be.sides seeing service with the soviet Navy, at leasttwenfyTir-l6KS-l BadgerBs weresupplied to the Indonesian Air Force (TNI-AU) where they equipped two Jquadrons,Nos 4l and 42. These aircraft were active during the Indonesian-confrontaiion withMalaysia, flying sorties into Malaysian airspace near Singapore. The Indonesian Badgersremained active until they were forced out of service by a lack of spare parts.

when the KS-l became obsolete, many Badger Bs had their misslle pylons removedand the aircraft reverted to the conventional level bombing role, while others were con-verted to carry later missiles.

The Tu-16KS-1 Badger B was equipped to carry two Kennet air-to-surface cruise missiles onunderwing pylons. The aircraft was overall Natural Metal with the tactical number, 62, in Redon the tail and on each nosewheel door.

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A Tu-16KS-l Badger B fires an AS-1 Kennel air-to-surface missile trom its starboard wingpylon. The Badger B carried a large retractable radome in the bomb bay that housed theguidance radar for the AS-1.

Fuselage Development

Tu-16Badger A

Tu-16KS-1Badger B

This Tu-16KS-1 Badger B served with the lndonesian Air Force during the early 196Os. Theaircraft were routinely flown armed with a pair of AS-1 Kennel missiles. The retractable mis-sile guidance radome is deployed on this aircraft.

ATU-16KS-1 BadgerBofthelndonesianAirForce(TN|-AU)parkedonataxiwayatanlndone-sian Alr Force Base. After the break in relations between lndonesia and the Soviet Union,supportforthe Badgerswaswithdrawn. Theaircraftwere soon out of service duetoa lrckofspare parts.

Tu-16K-10 Badger CAs the KS-l missile became outdated and was superseded by larger. heavier, more

powerful cruise missiles, the Tir-16 was further modified to serve as the launching plat-form for the next generation ofstand-offweapcns.

The next cruise missile to enter service was the K-10 (NAro reporting name AS-2Kipper), a supersonic, anti-ship weapon. To be able to carry ancl provide guidance lor theK-10, a number of modihcations to the basic Tir-16 airframe we.e necessary. T'hcseresulted in the next variant of the Badger. the Tir-16K-10 known to NATo as theBadger C.

^ ^]h. K-10/AS-2 Kipper was almost ten meters (32 feet) long and weighed 4,500 kg/9,920 pounds (including a 1,000 k{2.204 pound warhead). It was powered by the RD--9turbojet engine giving it supersonic speed and a range of 250 km ( 155 miles). ihe missilcwas carried under the fusela-ge of the Tir-16K-10, semi-recessed in the bomb bay.

1o p9"1t a,radar powerful enough to guide the K-10 over its entire range. the glassnose of the Tu-16 Badger A was replaced with a large, flat radome. This ra4ome hoirsedthe target.acquisition/guidance radar (NATO ."po.tirrg namc puff Ball). In an attack.the K-1o is guided to the ta_rget by a preprogrammed iutopilot with upiates from thelaunching Badger c radar. when it nears theiarget area, the Tu-l6K-10 issues commandguidance instructions and illuminates the target;ith the Pulf Ball.In the terminal phaseof the attack, the missile is guided by its onboard radar.

Other modifications to the Badger C include the addition oltwo small windows onthc luselage side just behind and belowthe cockpit and the addition of two small rakedback blade antennas to the fuselage underside iorward of the bomb bay.

Badger C Modified. The Tir-l6 Badger C Modified diflered from the standard Badger C in the addition of

wing pylons (identical to those mounted on the Badger B) for carrying two supersonic ,45-6(NAI'O reporting name Kingfish) anti-ship missiles.

A Tu-1 6K-1o Badger c in flight over the Pacific ocean near a U.s. Navy batile group during1984. The Badger C had two additional small windows in the fuselage side just under thecockpit. The aircraft's tactical number revealed that it was assigned to the Second Squadronwithin the Regiment.

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Apairof Tu-16K-1O Badger Cs, armed with AS-2 Kipperair-to-surface missiles, conducta lowlevel flyby during the 1961 TiJshino Air Show. The Badger C was the first variant to beequipped with the large nose radome for the Puff Ball radar.

Nose Development

Tu-16K-1Badger B

Tu-16K-1OBadger C

Puff BallDome

ATu-16K-1O BadgerC launchesan AS-2 Kipperair-to-surface missile. This aircraft has beenmodified with the Towel Railaerial, usuallycarried on the starboard side, relocated tothe portfuselage side in the location normally occupied by the long HF blade antenna.

The AS-2 was carried semi-recessed in the weapons bay of the Badger C. The small dark cir-cle in front of the Red missile is the viewing window for a vertical strike camera. The aircraft'stactical number is repeated on both nosewheel doors.

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Windows

This Badger C Modified is carrying two two A5-6 Kingfish missiles on the under wing pylonsand an AS'2 Kipper underthe fuselage. The Badger C is the onlyTu-1 6 variant that can carrythe Kipper missile.

This Tu-16KS-1O Badger C Modified is on a training/reconnaissance flight with all weaponsbays and pylons empty. The underwing missile pylons fitted on various Badgers are of thesame design regardless of the variant.

A Tu'16 Badger c Mod takes on fuel from a Tu-16N Badger A tanker. The small drogueparachute used to stabilize the fuel hose is visible just behind the wingtip of the Badger CMod. Both aircraft are overall Natural Metal with Black numbers.

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This Badger C carries an Excellent Aircraft award in Red under the cockpit. Badger Cs are inservice with all Soviet Naval Air Fleets: Black Sea, Baltic, Northern and Pacific. This aircraft ascarrying multiple ejector type bomb racks under the fuselage.

Fuselage Development

Tu-16K-1Badger B

SingleWindow

BombBay

Tu-16K-lOBadger C

PuffBall

Dome Windows

AntennaMissileRecess

WingPylon

(C Mod Only)

A Tu-16KS-1O Badger C Modified of the Soviet Navy. The aircraft is carrying an A5-6 Kingfishonthe portwing pylon. The recess in the bomb baydooristhemissilewellforcarryingtheAS-5 Kipper cruise missile.

This pair of Badger Cs are both carrying under fuselage bomb racks (visible just under theengine intakes) in addition to their normal wing pylons for A5'6 cruise missiles.

Specifications

Tupolev Tu-16KS-1O Badger G ModWngspan . .. ...108 feet 7z inchLengttr . .123 feetHelght . .45 feet 1 17r inchesEmpty Weight ..82,0OO poundsMaxlmumWelght ......165,350 poundsPowerplant. ....Two 19,285 lbst RD-3M

turbojets.

Armament, .. ...Six NR-23 23MM cannons.One AS-2 Kipper ASM andtwo 45-6 Kingfish ASMs.

PerformanceMaxlmum Speed . ....616 mphServbe celllng ..... ..zlO,35O feetRango. .......1,955mi|es

Crew . .........Six

This Badger C is carrying bomb racks titted to the missile pylons and has been modified withadditiona! blade communications antennas above and below the fuselage.

ThlsBadgerC isdroppinga bombloadfrom racksfittedtothe underwing missile pylons.Theracks are believed to be capable of carrying four bombs or mines giving the Badger a totalexternal load of eight free fall weapons.

Tu-l6K-1 Badger BAS-1 Kennel

Air-to-Surface Missiles

Tu-l6K-lO Badger G and C ModAS-2 Kipper

Tu-16K-1O Badger C ModA5-6 Kingfish

Range: 80 miles (High altitude)5O miles (Low altitude)

Speed: Mach O.9

Warhead: 1,984 Pound HE

Range: 132 milesSpeed: Mach 1.2Warhead: 2,20O pound HE

Range: 135 milesSpeed: Mach 3Warhead: 2OO kt Nuclear or

2,20O pound HE

l9

Tir-16 Badger GWhen the AS-5 (NATO reporting name Kelt) was introduced into service during

1968, a decision was made to arm the Badger with these updated and improved missiles.Externally identical to the earlier Badger B (and believed to be rebuilt from Badger B air-frames) the Kelt missile carrier was first identified by NATo during September ol 1968and given the reporting name Badger G. The Badger G carried two AS-5s while retainingits free fall bombing capability. The main difference between the Badger B and BadgerG, besides the missiles, was in the radar carried by the Badger G. The Argon nav/bombing radar was replaced by a long range target acquisition radar (NATO reportingname Short Horn).

The AS-5 Kelt was powered by a liquid fuel rocket engine and was equipped with animproved guidance system. The AS-5 is armed with a 2,200 pound warhead and employsa preprogrammed autopilot with command updates and active radar terminal homing.The missile has a speed of Mach I .2 and a range of 200 miles. It is estimated that, as of1976, about 1,000 Kelt missiles have been produced.

Just before the outbreak of the June 1967 Six-Day Arab-Israeli War, the Egyptian AirForce had on strength some twenty T[.r-16KS-1 Badger Bs. These Badgers were clestroyedduring the first few hours of the war and none took part in the fighting. After the war, theSoviets quickly replaced the Egyptian losses with another twenty Tu- l6s. These aircraftwere Badger Gs armed with two AS-5 Kelt missiles.

During the course of the October 1973 Yom Kippur War, Egyptian Tu-16 Badger Gslaunched some twenty-five Kelt missiles against Israeli targets. Most of these were shotdown by Israeli fighters and anti-aircraft defenses. Only five hit their targets, destroyingtwo radar stations and a supply dump in the Sinai. one Tu-16 was shot down during thewar. At present Egypt possesses some sixteen TU-l6s which are assigned to the bomberbrigade based in the southern part of the country.

After the break in relations between Egypt and the Soviet Union on 14 March 1976,the Soviets cutoff the supplyof spare parts for SovietequipmentincludingtheTu-16s.Asa result, Egypt turned to China. According to an agreement signed during April ol 1976,Egypt was supplied with spare parts for the Chinese built Tir- l6 variant, the H-6 bomber.Reportedly, part of the deal included the exchange of modern Soviet military equipmentto China including at least one MiG-23BN Flogger F fighter-bomber.

A number of Badger Gs and AS-5 Kelt missiles were also supplied to the Iraqi AirForce where they have seen combat. Reportedly, Iraqi Badgers were used to launch AS-5attacks against Iranian targets during the early phases ofthe Iran/Iraq war.

Badger G ModifiedDuring Decemberof 1977, aJapaneseAirSelf Defense Force F-86 fighterpilottooka

photograph of a Tir-16 Badger G armed with a new missile on its underwing pylon. Thismissile was later identihed as the ,45-6 (NATO reporting name Kingfish). With thechange in missile armament came a change in the NATO reporting name, with theseBadger Gs now being referred to as the Badger G Modified or, more commonly, theBadger G Mod.

A Badger G, armed with an AS-5 Kelt air-to-surface anti-ship cruise missile, flies over theocean. The Badger G replaced the Badger B in the missile carrier role.

Since that time, the ,{5-6 armed Badger G Mod has gradually replacecl the Badger G/AS-5 combination in Soviet Naval service. The ,45-6 is powered by a liquid luel iocketmotorgivingthe weapon a speed of Mach 3. The missile has a range of200 km (124miles)at low level or 500 km (310 miles) at altitude. It is guided by a autopilot with micl-coursecorrection (via data link) and terminal radar homing. The Kingfish can be armed with aconventional 1,000 kg (2,200 pounds) explosive warhead or a nuclear weapon.

The Badger G Modified armed with one or two ,{5-6 missiles (depending on missionduration) has become the basic strike variant of the Badger in Soviit Navil service. Tomaintain a constant level flight attitude prior to missile launch, the Badger G Mod has asmall inverted r-shape device on the nose just above the bombardieis station. Add-itionally, a number of Badger G Mods have had the nose mounted Short Horn radarreplaced by a larger radome mounted on the luselage underside just in front of theweapons bay.

20

ATu-16 BadgerG missilecarrierarmedwith twoAS-5 Keltair-to-surfacecruise missiles on itsunderwing pylons, In addition tothe missilearmament, the BadgerG retained its level bomb-ing capability.

Crews of an AV MF (Naval Aviation) regiment head for their aircraft in preparation for anotheroverwatertraining/reconnaissanceflight. Forthese missions, the Badger Gs normallydo notcarry their missile armament, The aircraft are overall natural metal with the tactical numberrepeated on the tail and both nosewheel doors.

ATir-16N tanker (background) delivers its load of fuel toa Badger G missilecarrier(toreground).The tail bumper of the Badger G is down while the tanker has its bumper retracted. The fintips are painted different colors; the missile carrier has a Whate tip while the tanker has aGreen tip.

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Thestarboard missile pylon of aTu-16 BadgerG.Thevarious missitescarried byTu-16s haveone thing in common - they are all carried on underwing pylons of the same shape andconstruction.

This Badger G carries an inverted T shaped devbe rnounted above the bombardier/nav(;ator'sposition. lt is believed that this device is used to assist the pilot in maintaining a level ftightattitude prior to launching the AS-O Kingfish missile.

TheinvertedTshaped sensoronthe noseof thisBadgerG Modis believedtobeusedtohelpthe pilot maintain a leve! flaght attitude prior to missile launch. The chin radome houses iShort Horn search and missile guidance radar,

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Tu-16K-1Badger B

Tu-16KBadger G

Inverted"T" Antent

SolidNose Cap

This Egyptian Air Force Badger Gs carries a large tactical number on the forward fuselageandArabicstyle numbers on the rearfuselagein Black. Theseaircrafthave been used in conr'bat and reportedly launched AS-5 missiles against targets in lsrael during the Yom Kippurwar.

lraqi Air Force Tu-l6 Badger Gs saw combat during the Iran/lraq War. Badgers were used toconduct at Ieast one bombing raid against Tehran airport and several missile attacks agalnstother !ranian targets.

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23

This BadgerG iscarrying anA5'6 Kingfish anti-shapcruise missileon the portwing pylon. Thetwo small r shaped antennas under the fuselage are radio altimeter dipole antennas.

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A pair of Egyptian Badger Gs taxi out for a reconnaissance/training mission. The Badger Ghad both cruise missile and free fall bombing capability. The Egyptian Badgers carry anunusual camouflage of Sand, Green, and Brown over Light Blue,

This As-5 Kelt, above its ground handling dolly, has been loaded on the port wing pylon of anEgyptlan Air Force Tu-16 Badger G. The missile is overall White with Black numbers and aBlue-Gray radome.

Air-to-Su rface Missiles

Tu-16KBadger BAS-5 Kelt

Range: 1OO miles (Low altitude)20O miles (High attitude)

Speed: Mach O.9 (Low altitude)Mach 1.2 (High attitude)

Warhead: 2,2OO pound HE

Tu-16KBadger G ModAS-6 Kingfish

Range: 135 milesSpeed: Mach 3Warhead: 20O kt Nuclear or

2,2OO pound HE

Thls TU-16 Badger A, Red 5O, ls currently on display at the Soviet Alr Force Museum.

Soviet Air Force Badger As have seen combat in Afghanistan in the level bombing role.

Badger Bs, armed with AS-1 Kenne! mlsslles,!ndonesian Alr Force.

were flown by Nos 42 and 43 Squadrons of the

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This Badger A has been modified to serve as a tanker. The Badger uses a unique wingtap towingtip refueling method.

Blue 19 is a Badger G of the Soviet Naval Air Force (AV-MF) used in the antl-shipping role.

This Badger G is carrying a supersonic AS-G Kingfish air-to-surface cruise missile.

Badger F Electronic lntelligence aircraft are often encountered by NATO naval units,

n t silkworm alr'to'surface antl'ship missile'

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Fuselage Development This Badger G Modified has a large teardrop shaped radome under the fuselage that replacedthechin radome of the standard Badger G. It is believed thatthis radome houses a tong rangeacquisition and guidance radar for the supersonic A5-6.

This Badger G Modified is armed with an AS-O Kingfish cruise missile on the port pylon. TheA5-6 is a supersonic, long range anti-ship missile designed for use against American air-craft carriers,

Tu-16Badger G Mod

Blade

/Antenna

Tu-I6 Recon VariantsTu-16 Badger D

During the early 1960s, the Tir-16 airframe was selected as the best available platformto meet the needs of the Soviet Naly for a dedicated maritime reconnaissance/electronicintelligence (ELINT) aircraft. As a result of this decision, the Tir-l6K-10 Badger c wasmodihed for the new mission.

The cruise missile systems were deleted with the missile recess being faired over andthree additional blister antennas were added to the fuselage underside. The aircraft waslrrst observed by the West during 1962 and given the NAIO reporting name Badger D.

The Badger D differs from the Badger C in having all oflensive capability deleted andthe addition of three blister fairings for passive electronics antennas installed on thefuselage underside. Additionally, the chin radome under the nose is slightly enlarged.The Badger D serves with the Soviet Navy in the maritime reconnaissance role and alsocan be used to provide mid-course guidance for missiles launched by other Badgers.

The crew of the Badger D has been increased from six to eight/nine men dependingon the special equipment/sensors carried by the aircraft. This increase in crew becamecommon with all electronic/reconnaissance Badgers.

An F-48 Phantom ll of VF-21 off the USS RANGER escortsa pair of Soviet Navy Badgersawayfrom the task group. The aircraft in the background as a Badger D maritime reconnais-sance aircraft.

The crew of a Badger D reconnaissanceaircraft cross the snowcovered ramp aftera mission.The forward underfuselage radome as smaller than the radome in the middle of the fuselage.The hatch in front of the nosewheel is the crew entry hatch to the forward compartment.

The Badger D is both an electronic reconnaissance aircraft and a long range maritime sur-veillance aircraft. Reporteclly, the Badger D can provide mid-course guldance for cruise mis-siles launched by other Badgers.

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Ground crews service a Badger D. The open hatches on the nose are access panets for theelectronic equipment. The Badger D has a slightly larger chin radome than the earlierBadger G.

Fuselage Development

The Badger D has a total of four electronics talrings on the fuselage underside, The first fair-ing is a radome, wtrib the rcmaining tlrree are belbved to house passive receiver antennas

A Soviet Naval Aviation long range maritime reconnaissance Badger D. Badger Ds are one ofthe primary maritime reconnaassance/electronic warfare aircraft used by the Soviet Navy,often working with other variants ot the Badger while on patrol.

The primary identification features of the Badger D Maritime Reconnaisance/ElectronicWar-fare aircraft are its three ventral electronics blisters/radomes. The blade antennas just infront of the forward radome are communications aerials.

The Badger D was a conversion of the Badger C missile carrier and shares the same noseradome. The chin radome on the Badger D, however, is slightly larger than the radome usedon the earlier Badger C.

30

Tu-16R Badger EAll Til-l6s can be used for strike reconnaissance utilizing thc vertical carncra that is

installeci in a small compartmcnt just in lront of the bornb bay. This can.rcra was inten-ded to provide updating target photographs and lor bomb damagc asscssment ancl notas a true reconnaissance tool.

To meet the need for a long rangc rcconnaissance aircraft, espccially in the maritimerole. the Tu-16 airframe was selected and modified to produce a special reconnaissancevariant under the designation Tu-16R.

The Tu-16R was introduced into service during the early 1960s and received theNATO reporting name Badger E. It dilfered from the standard Badgcr A bomber in hav-ing cameras installed on a pallet within the bomb bay along with aclclitional bornb bayluel tanks. Therc are two underfuselage blisterpassive receiver antennas, carricdjust for-ward and to the rear of the weapons bay, for electronic reconnaissancc- duties.

A RoyalAir Force F-4 Phantom, armed with a centerline Vulcan cannon pod, flies escort on aSoviet Navy Badger E over the North Sea, The Badger rear guns are in the full up position as asign of peaceful intent. lt is a standing rule that neither aircraft may use the other for a prac-tice target - just in case.

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A Marine Corps F/A-18 Hornet keeps close watch on a Soviet Navy Tu-16 Badger E. TheBadger E is one of the more commonly encountered Soviet navat aircraft, as they shadowU.S, and NATO naval forces conducting exercises.

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A Soviet Navy Tu-16R Badger E electronic warfare aircraft. The Badger is overall naturalmetal with the radome, fin cap and electronic blisters in Dark Green. The rudder trim tabis in Red.

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This AV-MF Badger is engaged on a reconnaissance mission high over the Pacific Ocean.Soviet Navy reconnaissance Badgers have been encountered by U.S. Navy vessels in everyocean from the North Atlantic to the South Pacific.

32

Thls oyerall natural meta! Badger E boing escorted by a U.s. Navy F-4 phantom off the USSJ.F. KENNEDY is carrying United Arab Republic Air Force (Egypt) marklngs. These marklngswere colors of convenience since the Badger was llown by Sovlet Naqy crews, UARAF (Soviet crewed) Badgers were a common sight over the Mod during the late 196Os

and early 197Os. Badgers operating trom Egyptian bases could cover nearly the entire oas-tern end of the Med without refueling.Fuselage Development

Soviet Navy crewmen prepare their equipment before boarding this TLr-16 Badger F elec-tronic warfiare alrcraft. These aircraft are conversions of Badger A bomber airframes andretain the nose mounted 23MM cannon.

36

A crew of a TU-1 6R Badger F cross the ramp after a long range reconnaissance mission. Theposts on the fuselage side are for the towel-rail HF aerial. The electronic intelligence (ELINT)pods are Yisible under the wings.

Fuselage Development

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Specifications

Tupolev Tu-16R Badger FWngspan ,..,,108feet7zinchLength .1 18 feet 11% inchesHeight. ........45feet'l 1/rinchesEmpty Weight . . ... ...82,0OO poundsMaximumWeight,..,.165,350poundsPowerplants. ...Two 19,285 lbst RD-3M turboiets.

Armament. ,...Seven NR-23 23MM cannons.No internal bomb load.

PerformanceMaximum Speed . ....616 mphServlce celling . .....45,35O feetRange. .......1,995 miles

Crew . . . Eight or nine depending

37

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This Badger F, being escorted by a U.S. Navy F-14A Tomcat, has been modified with anunusual tail cone replacing the rear 23MM gun turret. The tail cone is similar to ones seen onTu-142 Bear F, which is used for Extra Low Frequency (ELF) communications.

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A Sidewinder mlssllo armed F-4J Phantom escorts a pair of Badger Fs high over the pacific. ltis not uncommon forBadgerstooperatein pairs; however, usuaitytheyaiedifferentvariants,such as a Badger E and F.

Although this Badger F carries Egyptian Air Force markings, it was flown by Soviet aircrews.These aircraft were very active over the Mediterranean Sea during the Iate 196Os and earty1 97Os. The aircraft have since been returned to the Soviet Union,

ATit'l6R Badger F is escorted bya Sidewinder missilearmed F-lO4G Startlghterotthe RoyalNorwegian Air Force. North sea Fleet Badgers are routinely lntercepted by Norwegianfighters as they transit around the country enroute to the North Sea.

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The main features of the Badger F are the two underwing electronics pods. The Badger F is along range electronic intelligence (EUNT) aarcraft that is often encountered by U,S. Navyunits around the world.

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This Badger F is carrying United Arab Republic Air Force (Egypt) colors of convenience.These aircraftwere later returned tothe Soviet Union and were neveractuallycarried as partof the Egyptian Aar Force inventory.

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Thls Badger F has been modllled wlth additiona! sensor antennas ovor tho cockplt on shortpylons on the nose and lust behlnd the cockpit,

There is a new Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) antenna lust abovo the Bee Hind gun !ay.ing radar radome on thls Eadger F, This blister probably houses a radar warning receiverantenna,

Besidesthe newsensorbllstersabovethecockpit, this BadgerFhasan electronlcs blisterona short py'lon alongside the nose and a new shaped blade antenna Just behlnd the cockpit.

Tu-16PP Badger HTo provide for electronic jammer escort of strike forces, primarily missile carrying

Badgers, anelectroniccounter measures (ECM)variantwas designedunderthe designationTu-16PP Qtostanevshchik pomiekh). The Tir-16PP Badger H was a specialized chaff air-craft, capable of carryingup to 9,000 kg (19,840 pounds) of aluminum chaff strips in spe-cial containers carried in the bomb bay.

The chaffstrips are cut into sections ofdifferent lengthsjust before they are dropped.The strips should have a length of one-half the radar wavelength of the station which is tobe jammed. In order to accomplish this, the TU-l6PP has one tear drop shaped passiveantenna blister just in front of the bomb bay doors and another tear drop blister on thebomb baydoors nearthe rearportion ofthebay.Athird small blisteriscarried immediatelyin front of the bomb bay. These blister antennas house passive receivers that cover theexpected radar frequency range to be encountered. They are used to pick up the enemyradar signals, identify them and establish the proper length of the chaff strips. A largedispenser hatch is located just behind the bomb bay.

Badger H aircraft would normally be used to accompany a strike force and provideprotection from surface-to-air missiles and enemy fighter direction radars.

Antenna Configuration

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42

Tu-16PP Badger JAn active electronic warfare variant of the Badgerwas first identifiecl during late 1987

and given the NATO reporting name BadgerJ. Although externally similar to the BadgerE, this ECM variant was built to perform the active, rather than passive, raclar jammingrole. For this mission the Tir-16PP Badger J carries high power barragc. click, spot andnoise jammers in the weapons bay with the antennas mountecl in a long canoc fairingwhich protrudes from the weapons bay.

Additionally, the aircraft carries large flat plate type antcnnas rnounted on eachwingtip and small wingtip pods for other antennas. It is known that sornc of thc onboardnoise jammers operate in the A to I frequency bands. There arc also sevcral additionalblade antennas carried on the upper fuselage, probably for comrnunications equip-ment.

The jammer installation has its own cooling system and the underside of the fuselagehas several heat exchangers mounted alongside the antenna canoe and exhaust portsmounted just to the rear of the antenna canoe.

A number of Badger J aircraft were deployed to the former U.S. base at Cam RanhBay in Vietnam and were used to fly patrols over the South China Sea near thePhilippines.

An F-4S Phantom Il of VF-161 aboard USS MIDWAV escorts a Tu-16 Badger J electronicwar-fare aircraft as it makes a low pass near the MIDWAY battle group. There are strict rulesgoverning both the escort and the aircraft being escorted, to avoid accidents.

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TheTu-16PP Badger J is a specialized ECM jammeraircraft builttrom the BadgerAairframe.ln combat the aarcraft would accompany formations of Badger missile carriers to protectthem from hostile radars,

Tu-16PPBadger H

ElectronicsBlisters

Tu-16PPBadger J

ChaffHatch

CoolingVents/Exhausts

The canoe shaped radome protruding from the bomb bay doors is the distinctive feature otthe Ti.t-l 6PP Badger J Electronic Counter Measures (EGM) jammer aircraft. This aircraft also@rries two flat antennas, one on each wangtap.

44

Antenna Configuration

T[r-16R Badger KThe most recent variant of electronic reconnaissance Badgers was first identified

during 1981 and assigned the NATO reporting name Badger K. Externally similar to theearlier Badger E, it is equipped with two passive electronics blisters just in lront of andjust behind the bomb bay. The Badger K also has a large window on the port fuselageside just forward of the standard fuselage window. It is believed that this window housesan oblique camera installation.

Most Badger Ks also have a deeper, flatter chin radome and several new blade anten-nas on the upper fuselage behind the cockpit.

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One of the differences betwe€n the TU-l6 Badger K and the earlier Badger E are the additionalblade antennas above the cockpit. The three dipole antennas on the nose in front of thecockpit are the antenna array for the Odd Rods IFF system.

TheBadgerK isthelatest reconnaissancevariant of theTu-16. Extefnallyit isalmost identicalto the Badger E and Badger H and shares the same electronic warfare mission with both ofthe earlier variants.

45

The Tu-1 6 Badger K has a larger, flatter chin radome than the Badger E. Both the Badger Eand Badger K are electronic reconnaissance/counter measures aircraft carrying active andpassive electronic sensors.

One of the differences between the Badger E and Badger K was the large window carried onthe port tuselage side between the cockpit and the engine air intake. lt is believed that thiswindow was intended to house an oblique Gamera.

Tu-16PPBadger J

Tu-16RBadger K

BladeAnt6nna

VerticalWindow

ElectronicsBlister

ElectronicsBlisters

CoolingVents/Exhausts

Antenna Configuration

Tir-L6 Badger LRecently, a further modification to the Tir-16 airframe has bccn itlcntifiecl and given

the unofficial designation Badger L. During August of 1986, tho Soviet aviation magazine"Aviation and Cosmonautics" published a photograph ol a Tlr-l(r in service with theNaval Air Force (AV-MF). This Badger differed from earlier varianls in a number ofways. There was a new thimble type radome added to the extrcmc cntl ol'thc nose abovethe bombadier's compartment, the chin radome was largcr ancl flattcr. and there was alarge blade antenna above the cockpit.

Other modifications included the addition of several small clcctronics blisters underthc nosc and on short pylons on the fuselage sides near the air intakcs.'l'hcrc are also twounderwingpods carried on shortpylons. Although notpositivcly irlcntillccl. it is believedthat these pods are chaff/flare self protection jammers. Thc aircrali also carried anunusual color scheme for a Badger, being Natural Metal ovcr (lkrss White.

(Right)This Badger K reconnaissance variant has numerous small electronics blisters under thefuselage, under the glazed nose and next to the air intake. The aircraft carries both theExcellent Aircraft award and tactical number on the nosewheel doors. The aircraft is NaturalMetal over White.

(Bottom Right)This aircraft has the unofficial designation Badger L lt has been modlfiod wlth a small thimbleradome mounted on the nose and a blade antenna over the cockpit. The alrcraft is NaturalMetal over White and carries an Excellent Aircraft award on the nose ln Red.

Antenna ConfigurationTu-16RBadger K

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Tu-16Badger LThimbleRadome

MetalPanel

VerticalWindow

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Both Sides)

Electronics Blisters

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This Badger variant has been unofficially designated the Badger L Besides the thimbleradome on the nose, the aircraft has a number of other features in common with late modelTU-142 Bearanti-submarine/maritime reconnaassanceaircraft. Thetwo unidentified pods onthe short underwing pylons are identical to those seen on Bear. It is believed that these podsare self protection chatl/tlare dispensers. Also in common with Bear Gs are the small elec-tronac blisters near the intakes.

48

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Chinese BadgersThe Soviet Union first supplied China with the Tu- l6 during l95t't.just be fbre military

cooperation and otherties betrveen the two countries was broken ol'1. Part ol'the disagree-ment befween the two countries centered over the aggressive stand China had takenagainstTaiwan. Underthe protection of the Russian atomic umbrclla. China had under-taken military efforts against Thiwan that stopped just short of invasion. The Sovietrefusal to transfer nuclear technology to China helpcd to hartlcn thc rift between thetwo countries.

The Chinese hadplanned toundertake license procluction of thc'Iu- 16, however, andhad received several pattern aircraft. Without Soviet techr.rical assislance, they were for-ced to use the same method the Soviets had used with the B-29 - copy and reverseengineer the few aircraft that had been delivered.

The Chinese reverse engineered version of the Tu-16 is built at Xian under thedesignation H-6 (Hongzhaji bomber 6). This designation is licqucntly westernized invarious publications as the 8-6. Chinese variants are also clcsignltctl by NATO as theBadger, although no separate letter designator has been applicd t<l thcrn. 'I'he copiedRD-3M engine received the Chinese designation Wopen-8 (Wl'-ll).

The H-6 has become a powerful element of the Chincse Pcoplcs Libcration Army AirForce and during May of 1966 an H-6 dropped the third Chincsc atornic bornb duringthat series of bomb tests. The hrst production H-6s was delivcred rluring 1968, some tenyears after the firstTir-16 entered Chinese service. Subsequent protlucti<ln has continuedat a slow pace with an estimated total production of 120 aircrali as ol' l9ti7.

The majority of H-6s produced are level bombers, although thcrc arc unconfirmedreports of reconnaissance, electronic warfare and tanker versions. l)u ring the May 1965Paris Salon, the Chinese ForeignTiade Office (CPIMEC) oflerecl a ncw vcrsion of the H-6 designated the H-6IV(B-6D). This aircraft is a cruise missile carricr arrncd with two C-601 (NATO reporting name Silkworm) anti-ship cruise missilcs carrictl on large underwing pylons.

These missiles are copies of the Russian R-15 (NATO reporting name SS-N-2 Styx), asurlace-to-surface anti-ship missile normally carried on surfacc slrips r>r launched fromprepared coastal defense shore sites. These weapons were suppliecl t<> thc Chinese duringthe late 1950s and served as the starting point for development of thc (l-(r0I air launchedSilkworm antiship cruise missile.

The H-6 IV Badger differs from Soviet missile carriers in having rlilfcrent shapedunderwing pylons and a deeper, flat bottomed radome in place ol'thc chin radome of thebombervariant. There are reports that a numberof H-6 IVs havc bccn soltl to lraq with aquantify of C-601 Silkworm missiles. China is also the primary supplier of -[u-16/H-6

spare parts for the Egyptian Air Force, enabling the Egyptians to rnaintain their BadgerGs without Soviet assistance.

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This pairof Xian H-6 bombersof theChineseAirForceare Natural MetatoverWhiteand carrylow visibility Gray national insignia on the fuselage sides. The aircraft serial number on thenose is in Blue and the wing insignia is in full color (Red and Yellow).

C-6O1 SilkwormCruise Missile

An Xian H-6 lV armed with two C-6O1 Silkworm anti-ship cruise missiles on underwingpylons. This variant of the H-6 has a larger radome under the forward fuselage which housesthe massile guidance radar.

Russialtt Air Pornrel.

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An F.4 Phantorn off the USSJOHN F. KENNEDY escortsaUARAF Badger FELINT (Electronlclntelfigonco) ahcraft away from the thsk Group. Although palnted ln UARAF (Egypt) rnarklngs,thoge alrcraft were flown by Sovlet crews,

This Soviet Navy TU-16KS-1O Badger C Mod is armed with a single AS-2 Kipper under thefuselage and two A5.6 Kingfish missiles under the wlngs. ln this confirguation, the Badger CMod's range would be limited.

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lsBN 0-89747-252-7

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