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Microsoft SQL ServerAdministration Using MS SQL

Server 2008David Henson

[email protected]

www.certifiednetworks.com

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Logistics

Class Days: 3

Class Hours: 9-5

Notes/Handouts Demos

Class website

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Recommended Reading

Microsoft SQL Server(TM) 2005 Administrator'sPocket Consultant(Pro-Administrator's Pocket Consultant)

Microsoft Press

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Module 1: Overview

Course Outline

Lab Setup

Definitions Tools

What is SQL Server

SQL Language Basics SQL Server Network Integration

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Course OutlineDay 1

Module 1: Overview

Module 2: Installation

Module 3: Objects and Securables Module 4: Security And Principals

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Course OutlineDay 2

Module 5: Backup

Module 6: Restore

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Course OutlineDay 3

Module 7: Web and Email Integration

Module 8: Automation and Job Scheduling

Module 9: Transferring Data Module 10: Replication

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Lab Setup

Windows 2003 Server

SQL Server 2008

Standard, or Enterprise Computer Names

IP Addresses

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Definitions

Transact SQL

DBA

Server

Client Concurrency/Locks

Login

User Role

Database

SQL SMO(FormerlyDMO)

SQL Instance

Principal Securable

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Tools

SQL Management Studio

Visual Studio .Net (2005/2008)

SQL Server Configuration Manager

Command Prompt SQLCMD

Ping, telnet, nslookup, net use

Database Tuning Advisor

Full-FeaturedText Editor

Notepad++(Free) UltraEdit

Textpad

Profiler

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What is SQL Server?

Client Server Relational DatabaseOperating System

Windows Service That Manages DatabaseFiles, Security and Concurrency

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SQL Language Basics

SELECT

INSERT

UPDATE DELETE

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SQL Server Network Integration

Network oriented protocols

TCP/IP disabled on SQL Express by default

DNS

Windows Domain/Active Directory

Firewalls

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Lab 1ATools

In this instructor led lab, you will:

Preview SQL Management Studio

Preview Database Engine Tuning Advisor

Preview Profiler

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Module 2: Installation

Software Requirements

Hardware Requirements

SQL Server Versions Licensing

Capacity Planning

SQL Services Installation

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Software Requirements

Windows Server

2000

2003 or 2008

Windows XP (Developer)

Windows CE

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Hardware Requirements

Install Type Dependent

Express

192 MB RAM

Standard/Enterprise

512MB RAM

450 MB Typical Install

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SQL Server Versions

DataCenter Hardware/Software solution

Enterprise

Standard

Developer

Workgroup

Express

Windows Mobile

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Licensing

Per Processor

Per Server plus Device CALS

Per Server plus User CALS

SQL Server 2008 Express is free

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Capacity Planning

Drive Space

CPU

Memory I/O Subsystem

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I/O Subsystem

RAID 0, 1, 5 or 10

Logical Drive Structure

Physical Drive Structure

Considerations:

Performance Ease and Cost of Management

Disaster Planning

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SQL Services

Service Names: SQL Server (MSSQLServer) SQL Server Agent (MSSQLServer) SQL Server Browser

SQL Traffic director, allows Dedicated Admin Connection(DAC)

SQL Server Integration Services SQLIS.com

SQL Server Fulltext Search

SQL Server Analysis Services SQL Server Reporting Services

Starting/Stopping

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Service Accounts

LocalSystem

Local Account

Domain Account

Automatic Startup

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Installation

Options

Server

Instance

Client Tools Only

Administrative Rights

Instances

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Online Demonstration: Installing anSQL Server instance

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Module 3: Managing Objects

Object Definition

Creating Objects

Altering Objects Dropping Objects

MetaData

Object Permissions

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What is an Object?

Type Of Objects: Table

View

Stored Procedure Trigger

DataType

Function (UDF) Index

Constraint

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Synonyms

Allows an alias for a securable

New CREATE SYNONYM syntax

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Creating Objects

CREATE Statement

Example:CREATE TABLE Customers(

CustomerID int identity,

CustomerEmail varchar(50)

)

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Altering Objects

ALTER Statement

Example:ALTER TABLE Customers

ADD CustomerPhone varchar(40)

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Dropping Objects

DROP Statement

Example:DROP TABLE Customers

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Getting Metadata

Information Schema

Sysobjects table

Sp_helptext

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Setting Permissions

GRANT Statement

Example:GRANT SELECT

ON Customers

TO Public

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Lab 3A: Creating Objects

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Lab 3B: Altering Objects

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Module 4: Security and Principals

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Surface Area Configuration

Best practicereduce the surface area exposure ofyour system to minimum

Off By Default

Microsoft .NET Framework, SQL Service Broker Network Connectivity, and

HTTP connectivity in Analysis Services

Xp_cmdshell

Ad Hoc Remote Query

Database Mail Native XML Web Service

See Surface Area Configuration Tool

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Levels of Security

LoginServer Level

UserDatabase Level

ObjectPermissions to Access Objects

Application Security

Network Access Encryption

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Windows Workgroup Model

Distributed Accounts

Each machine has locally maintained userand group database

Windows Server Not Required

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Windows Domain Model

Centralized Accounts

Active Directory is a single source for usersand groups

Single Sign-OnAccess all resources after logging in only

once

Auditing

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Active Directory

Extension of the Domain Model

Leverages DNS Name Resolution

Better Security Protocols

Better Fault Tolerance

More Extensible

Group Policy

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Logins

Types:

Windows (Integrated)

SQL (Standard)

Tools

SQL Management Studio

Scripts

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Users

Tools:

SQL Management Studio

Scripts

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Roles

Role Is A Group of users

PurposeEase Permission Management

Role Types: Standard

Application Role

Tools: SQL Management Studio

Scripts

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Permissions

User Defined:

Action

Object Access

Object Execution

Tools:

SQL Management Studio

Scripts

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Lab 4A: Creating Accounts

L b 4B C ti U d

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Lab 4B: Creating Users andGroups

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Lab 4C: Permissions

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Module 5: Backup

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Reasons for Data Loss

Accidental Update

Hardware Failure

Improper Application Design

Transactions Not Used

Other User Error

Intentional Distruction Hackers

Viruses

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SQL Server Backup

Online Backup Users can access data during backup

Types: Full

Differential

Log

COPY_ONLY option

Does not disturb normal backups, truncate logs, orreset any flags

Use of Filegroups

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Increasing Backup Performance

Set appropriate BLOCKSIZE parameter

-2048 good for cdrom stored backups

With default setting, restore uses buffered io

which is more flexible and slower

Stripe backup devices

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Restricted Activities During Backup

Modifying Database Properties

Autogrowth

Managing Indexes

Nonlogged Operations

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Backup Statement

Example:

BACKUP DATABASE Lab3A

To Disk=c:\Lab3A.bak

WITH INIT, BLOCKSIZE=2048

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Using SQL Management Studio

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Backup Options

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Database Recovery Model

Property of a database

Options:

Full

Bulk_Logged

Simple

Affects log behavior

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Backup Requirements

System Databases:

MasterNew Logins, change password

MSDBModifying or creating jobs

User Databases:

Whenever data loss is unacceptable

At a rate when the cost(cash, downtime) of

restore is unacceptable

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Backup Devices

Device = File

Permanent object you can reference byname

Example:BACKUP DATABASE Lab3A

TO DailyBackup

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Tape Backup

Must be attached locally to the SQLServer

Some syntax is unique to tape media

Must be recognized by Windows Backupas a SCSI tape device

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Special Log Backups

WITH Truncate_Only Clears log, no backup file is created

Used to maintain log when no regular log backups occur

WITH No_Truncate Emergency use when data file not available

WITH COPY_ONLY (new to SQL 2005) Does not disturb normal backup flow or interrupt normal log

backup/restore process Use on an ad-hoc basis before running potentially harmful

queries

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Backup Strategies

Weekly Full Backup

Nightly Full Backup

Variations of above with Differential and

Log Backups

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Best Practices

Use Automation

Test Your Backups

Use Notification

Use COPY_ONLY option as needed

Understand the Business

Keep Management Informed

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Lab 5A: Backup

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Module 6: Restore

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Restore Safety Features

Restore will fail(or need override) if:

Backup file stored name does not match thedatabase name

Set of database files do not matchAll necessary files are not available

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Restore Database Statement

RESTORE DATABASE Lab6

FROM DISK=c:\Lab6.bak

WITH RECOVERY

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Restore Process

Always backup the log first!

Full

Differential

Log

Recovery

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Saving Space

Maintain the log file

Compress your backup files

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Log Restore Options

Stopping at a certain time

Stopping at a named bookmark

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Single Row Restore

Use in case of accidental delete: Restore to a temporary location

Enable identity inserts

Insert necessary rows

Intimate knowledge of data structurerequired

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Restoring Master

Place server into single user mode

Perform Restore

Restart Server

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Restoring Master with No Backup

Rebuilm.exe utility creates brand newmaster, model, msdb

Sp_attach_db plugs data files back in

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Best Practices

Backup the log at first sign of trouble

Periodically test a restore

Maintain enough working space

Avoid the need to restore

Backup system databases as required

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Lab 6A: Restore

Module 7: Web and Email

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Module 7: Web and EmailIntegration

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Web Technologies

Allow connection to SQL Server throughHTTP

Used for logging, collecting data,

reporting, data transfer and adminfunctions

Examples:

ASP, ASP.Net, Perl, CGI, Cold Fusion, JSP,Java

C i i P

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Communication Process

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D f b

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Dangers of web access

Misuse of data

Data communication interception

Hackers have a doorway to your network

SQL I j ti

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SQL Injection

Malicious users leverage web inputagainst SQL Server

Examples:

Running server level commands

Changing the where clauseOR 1=1

Running DDL Commands

Reading ODBC Errors for data discovery

P t ti f SQL i j ti

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Protection from SQL injection

Only use minimal priviledged account

Pre-process all input

Minimize direct SQL from web page byusing Stored Procs and UDFs

ASP E l

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ASP Example

ASP N t E l

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ASP.Net Example

E il N tifi ti

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Email Notification

Allows asynchronous communication with SQL Server Numerous techniques:

Database Mail New to SQL 2005 Easy to use smtp mail provider, easy setup

CDONTS.Newmail

Provided as a .dll file with Windows 2000 Com Object

CDO.Message Provide with XP/Windows 2003 Com Object

SQLMail

MAPI Client Must be setup during a full moon

Third party objects .NET Framework mail objects

CDONTS Obj t

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CDONTS Object

CDO Obj t

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CDO Object

Database Mail

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Database Mail

SQL M il S t

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SQL Mail Setup

Not recommended

Requirements:

MAPI compliant mail server

MAPI client on SQL Server

SQL Service logged in as domain account

Domain account has mailbox available

Lab 7A: Web/Email Integration

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Lab 7A: Web/Email Integration

Module 8: Automation and Job

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Scheduling

Requirements

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Requirements

SQLServerAgent service must be running

Permissions on network or local resources

Automation Examples

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Automation Examples

Nightly backup

Nightly data transfer

Hourly generation of web pages

Detection of server problems:

Log 95% full

Backup Log

Email Notification

Automation Components

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Automation Components

Job Collection of steps, each step performing work

Operator Pointer to email account in Database Mail or SQL

Mail

Alerts Connection between a detected problem and a

job/operator

Jobs

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Jobs Created with gui or with sp_add_job

May be scheduled Comprised of Steps:

Transact SQL

Operating System CommandsActiveX (VBScript/Javascript)

Other (Replication, SSIS, Analysis Services)

Retain history Might have success/failure workflow

Can target multiple servers

Defining a Job Step

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Defining a Job Step

Operators

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Operators

An alias to a native email address of SQL Mail orDatabase Mail

Net Send address also supported

Operator Addresses Emailbusiness hours email address Pagerafter hours email address

Net send

Failsafe Operator

Defining an Operator

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Defining an Operator

Alerts

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Alerts

Alert types SQL Server Error

SQL Server Performance Condition

WMI Query

Windows eventlog MUST trigger response

Alert response is defined by admins

Execute Job

Send Notification

Defining An Alert

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Defining An Alert

Proxies

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Allow job steps to run with a different windows

login

Lab 8A: Automation and Job

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Scheduling

Module 9: Data Transfer

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Module 9: Data Transfer

Data Transfer

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Data Transfer

Movement of data between systems One of the most common DBA functions

Data Transfer Examples

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Data Transfer Examples

Nightly download of sales data from allstores

Quarterly catalog update for website

Order fulfillment Hourly transfer of order information to

fulfillment center

Hourly gathering of ship tracking information

Movement of web data into accountingsystem

Data Transfer Techniques

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Data Transfer Techniques

SSIS and Import-Export Wizard Legacy DTS Package Support

BCP.EXE command line utility

Backup/Restore

Distributed Queries Saving results from query analyzer

Web Page download

Bulk Insert Statement

Detach/Re-attach database files Log Shipping

Select/Insert

SSIS

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SSIS

Import/Export Wizard

Visual Studio Project

BCP

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BCP

Command line utility

Examples:

Bcp northwind..products outc:\nwind.csv w t, -r/n T

Bcp select * from products

queryout c:\nwind.txt c t~ -r/nUsa -P

Backup/Restore

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Backup/Restore

Simply compress, then transfer the backupfile to the destination

Clean up sysusers table after restore

Distributed queries

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Distributed queries

Openquery/Openrowset/OpenXML SELECT INTO

INSERT/SELECT

Linked Servers

Query Analyzer

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Query Analyzer

Controlling saved results

Output to text file

Reading from different providers

Web page download

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Web page download

Response Content type change

Saving results to a file, then providing a

link

Job scheduler, results come through email

Bulk Insert

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Bulk Insert

Detach/Reattach database files

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Detach/Reattach database files

On database node: Right click/all tasks/detach

Clean up of sysusers not needed after re-attachment

Lab 9A: Data Transfer

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Lab 9A: Data Transfer

Module 10: Replication

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Module 10: Replication

Definitions

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Definitions

Automatic transfer of data betweenlocations

Replication Types

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Replication Types

Transactional Only changes are copied across

Most efficient

Merge Two sources of read/write data

Most dangerous

Snapshot Data is removed, then re-created on a

schedule

Replication Models

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Replication Models

Central publisher/Distributer

Central Subscriber/Multiple Publisher

Multiple Publisher/Subscriber

Setup Tips

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Setup Tips

Ensure box servers are logged in with adomain account

Ensure the domain account is an admin on

both boxes Ensure the domain account can map to c$

Ensure the domain account can run

queries against the other server

Lab 13A: Replication

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Lab 13A: Replication