SPWD Adaptation to change in interlinked cultivated and wetland ecosystem: a study in Western INDIA Head Office 14A, Rouse Avenue Lane Vishnu Digamber.

SPWD

Adaptation to change in interlinked cultivated and wetland ecosystem: a study in Western INDIA

Head Office14A, Rouse Avenue LaneVishnu Digamber Marg,ITO, New Delhi011 – 23236387, [email protected]

Regional Office26 – 27 Mahavir Colony,Bedla Road,Udaipur0294 – 2450268 [email protected]

Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development (SPWD)

Location Map

I N D I A

RAJASTHAN

STUDY AREA

Drainage Map

Bharatpur is located on a very flat surface where a number of rivers (Ruparel, Banganga, Gambhiri & Kukund) converge

The flood prone areas used to have water up to September – October

People were dependant mostly on the Rabi crop Ground water in this area was very high and it was (& still)

saline Ajan and Saver dams were constructed 5 and 8 Kms to the

south respectively while Moti Jheel was constructed 3 km to the northwest of Bharatpur.

A system of canals from the dams was introduced . All the rivers (Ruparel, Banganga, Gambhiri & Kukund) which were earlier causing floods in the region were stopped by making series of dykes and water was channelised through canal system.

These canals have small channels by which the water is distributed in the whole area.

The dams work as water storage dams and are able to serve the city and surrounding areas with drinking water.

It also helped to increase the water table and put a column of sweet water over the saline water.

Background

understanding about areaKing ---

Dam Construction & Canal Construction

Change in Landuse

Change in Copping pattern / Crops

Change in Livelihood System

Increase in Agriculture Labour Oil Industries established

NRCRM – ICAR established

Area under Mustard increased

Variety of Mustard improved

Water demand increased (RabiCrop)

Conflicts started on water distribution

Change in Fodder Variety

Animal Husbandry got affected

NEED TO EXPLORE OTHER RESOURCE & ECOLOGY PROBLEMS…& SOLUTIONS WITH ACTION-RESEARCH PLAN

S.No The Stakeholders DistrictRepresenting No. of Villages

DemandEcosystem Services

1Gudla Panchna Protest committee

Karauli 39Water for Irrigation Support

2Agarri Bandh Protest committee

Karauli 18Water for Irrigation Support

3Jaggar Bandh Protest committee

Karauli 26Water for Irrigation Support

4 KarauliHindaun

CityDrinking water &Sewerage System Provisioning

5Gambheer nadi Protest committee

Karauli Bharatpur

360Drinking water,Dry river channel

ProvisioningSupport

6Bhadrawati nadi Protest committee

Karauli Karauli CityDrinking Water & G W Recharging

ProvisioningRegulating

7Command Area Protest committee

Karauli 37Water for Irrigation Support

8Ghana Keoladev Protest committee

Bharatpur Ghana NP Water for Wildlife Support

9Chambal Nadi bachao Protest committee

KarauliBharatpur

60 Drinking Water Provisioning

10Panchana Catchment Protest committee

Karauli 40Water for Irrigation Support

The Stake holders

Stakeholders

ChambalRiverine

Ecosystem

Fish, Feral Animal, Marshy Land Grazers (Buffalo), Birds, Birds Breeding, (Impact of Fertilizer and Pesticides & water availability), Tourism; In reverse insects, Pollination & seed Dispersal, pest

Forest Closure Policy, Migratory & Local Pastoralist, Reduction in Forest area / Fodder - water availability, Human & Animal Population, Exclusion / Displacement, FRA

Tiger, Pastoralism, Agriculture & Forest Dwellers, Poaching, Displacement, Tourism, Traffic, Cultural dimension

Wheat – Mustard, Pricing, Water Use, Fertilizer, Pesticides, Bee Keeping, CDM, Fish Breeding, Drinking Water, Land Submergence Issue, Urban Pollution

Panchna Agriculture Ecosystem

BHARATPUR Wetland

Ecosystem

Forest Ecosystem

Pastoralist Ecosystem(Corridor & - Sanctuaries)

Crocodile, Soil Erosion, Sand Extraction, Agriculture, Water Use for Drinking-Agriculture-Industry, Industrial & Agriculture Pollution

The five ecosystems of Bharatpur and its environs

ECOSYSTEM SERVICESProvisioning services: Agriculture - Wheat Mustard

production, Water Use, Fertilizer, Pesticides, Drinking Water, Land

Regulating services: Pricing of Agri-Produce, Ground water recharge, Submergence Issue, Urban Pollution, Pollination & seed Dispersal, Forest Closure Policy, Exclusion / Displacement, Forest rights Act, Erosion, Sand Extraction, Climate variability, Salinity control

Cultural services : Keoladev National park:- Fish, Feral Animal, Marshy Land Grazers (Buffalo), Birds, Kela devi Sanctuary, Tiger , Crocodile, Caste – Class, Connotation, Fare

Supporting Services: Bee Keeping, CDM, Fish Breeding, Birds Breeding, (Impact of Fertilizer and Pesticides & water availability), Tourism, In reverse insects, pest, Migratory & Local Pastoralist, Reduction in Forest area / Fodder, soil,

Pre Independence – the wildlife was protected by different states (Riyasaten) but they were for the hunting & recreations only.

Post Independence –

1950 - Rajstahn state given wild life protection act under which Pigeon & Peacock were protected

1951 – Rajasthan wild life protection act

1953 – Rajasthan Forest Act (Hunting was prohibited with out permission in protected & reserved forests areas)

1955 – Rajasthan wild life board was established & Sariska (Alwar), Dara (Kota), Keladevi Sanctuary (Karauli), Jaisamand (Udaipur), Van Vihar (Dholpur) & KNP (Bharatpur) were put in the reserved areas.

1972 – Wild life protection act came at national level except J & k.

1956 – Keoladev was made reserved for Birds

10th March 1981 – Keoladev was declared as national Park

1985 – keoladev was taken in the list of

World Natural heritage

Ecosystem Services: Support

Ecosystem Services: Cultural

Ajan Bund

Ghana Canal

River Banganga River Gambhiri

Keoladev National Park

Plant Type No of species % of speciesFree floating 5 5.5Rooted with floating leaves 5 5.5Free submerged 4 4Rooted submerged 7 8Emergent, amphibious 18 20Marsh land species 52 57 Total 91Issue: primary consumers buffalos be back into the system

Aquatic insects & Molluscs are found and a positive correlation between Terrestrial insects, temp & Rainfall

Fish fry comes from Ajan Bund through Ghana canal; 36 fish species in KNP out of which only 6 breeds in park

Issue: Water availability from Panchna

Ornithology

Anatidae : 67 species (ducks, teals, geese)

Rallidae : (coots, moorhens)

Phalacrocoracidae: (cormorants, datrters)

Ciciniidae: : (stroks, ibises)

Issue: decreasing occurrence of birds, Less Nesting, Less Breeding, Poor egg Shells (Over use of fertilizer in upper catchment)

Wetland Vegetation

Aquatic macro invertebrates

&

Terrestrial Arthropods

Fishes fauna

Policy Advocacy

People

Individual, NGO

Zonal Committee

Representatives from district Committees

District Committee

NGO + People

State committee

RPSPM (Rajasthan Prakritik Sansadhan Prabandhan Manch)(Rajasthan Natural Resources Management forum)

Quarter wise work plan

Thanks