SPS Agreement and ISPM 15 SPS Agreement and ISPM 15 Lee Ann Jackson Agriculture and Commodities Division WTO
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SPS Agreement and ISPM 15SPS Agreement and ISPM 15
Lee Ann JacksonAgriculture and Commodities Division
WTO
2
SPS MeasuresDefinition - Annex ASPS MeasuresDefinition - Annex A
Human or risks arising from additives,animal health contaminants, toxins or disease
organisms in food, drink, feedstuff
A measure taken to protect:
Human life plant- or animal-carried diseases
Animal or pests, diseases, disease-causingplant life organisms
Territory of other damage caused by entry, Member establishment or spread of pests
from
from
from
from
3
SPS Measures - Example
A measure taken to protect:
Animal or pests, diseases, disease-causingplant life organismsfrom
measure toprevent introductionof asian long hornbeetle
4
recognizing right to protecthuman, animal,plant life or health
avoiding unnecessary barriers to trade
What is the purpose of the SPS Agreement?
5
“Members have the right to take sanitary and phytosanitary measures necessary for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement”
SPS Agreement - CoverageArticle 2.1
6
Key Provisions of the SPS AgreementKey Provisions of the SPS Agreement
1. Non-discrimination2. Scientific justification
• harmonization• risk assessment• consistency• least trade-restrictiveness
3. Equivalence4. Regionalization5. Transparency6. Technical assistance/special treatment7. Control, inspection and approval procedures
7
Scientific justificationScientific justification
Risk assessmentOR
Measures must be based on
International standards
8
Standard-setting organizations
food safetyCODEX
plant healthIPPC
animal healthOIE
Codex = Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius CommissionOIE = World Organization for Animal HealthIPPC = International Plant Protection Convention (FAO)
9
HarmonizationHarmonization
International standard
National SPS measure==
Conformity Conformity Consistency Consistency
10
HarmonizationHarmonization
International standard
National SPS measure<<
Scientific justification ORScientific justification ORas consequence of as consequence of
appropriate level of protectionappropriate level of protection
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Exports impaired due to a SPS measure
Verify if international standards exist
Verify if SPS measure is based on the international standard
Request explanation of reasons
Verify if risk assessment complies with the SPS Agreement
Seek ways to solve the problem: bilateral consultations; Specific Trade Concerns; Dispute Settlement; etc.
YES
No
No
Risk assessment existsYES
Seek Technical Assistance
YES
YES
YesNo
No
12
The SPS CommitteeThe SPS Committee
• Implementation of SPS Agreement
• Specific Trade concerns• Potential trade impacts• Co-operation with technical
organizations
3 regular meetings per year - Geneva
13
Specific Trade Concerns (1995-2009)290 TotalSpecific Trade Concerns (1995-2009)290 Total
2
11
24 23
13 10
29
42
29
21
31
10
16 1613
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Num
ber o
f new
issu
es
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
14
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Number of annual notifications on wood packaging material
ISPM ISPM 1515
Adoption Adoption
15
Notifications related to wood packaging material (1995-2009)
Notifications related to wood packaging material (1995-2009)
1116Europe and central Asia
141TOTAL (1995-2009)
23Middle East
4564Latin America and the Caribbean
811North America23Africa3144Asia-Pacific%# notificationsRegion
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STCs on ISPM 15STCs on ISPM 15
Argentina (2003, resolved 2006)
Chile and Uruguay(2003, 2004)
Canada &US (2004, 2005, 2006)
EU (2002,2003)
Member raising issue
Time needed to adapt methods to meet ISPM 15 requirements
US
Need for time to adapt methods to meet ISPM 15 requirements
Certain Members
Deviation from ISPM 15 (debarking)
EU
Deviation from ISPM 15China
Summary of concernMember
maintaining measure
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