Spreadsheets and Business Graphics: Facts and Figures Chapter 13.

Spreadsheetsand

Business Graphics:

Facts and Figures

Chapter 13

Objectives• Describe the advantages of spreadsheets

• List several applications for spreadsheets

• Explain the underlying principles of electronic spreadsheet use

• Describe how to set up and modify a spreadsheet

• Describe the advantages of business graphics

• Differentiate between analytical and presentation graphics

• Name the elements of standard charts and graphs

Contents

• Why Use Spreadsheets?

• Working with Spreadsheets

• Business Graphics

• Analytical Graphics

• Presentation Graphics

Why Use Spreadsheets?

• Plan ahead (What if)

• Make the computer do the work

• See the results of change

The Nature of Spreadsheets

• Use numbers to track performance

• Manual– Tedious– Time-consuming– Error-prone

• Electronic spreadsheets– Automate– Increase ability to track performance

Electronic Spreadsheets

VisiCalc

• First electronic spreadsheet program

• 1979

• Apple II microcomputer

• Computer becomes an indispensable tool for financial analysis

Electronic SpreadsheetsLabor Saving

Automatic recalculation

• Change one value

• All dependent values are recalculated

• A single change can affect many calculations

Electronic SpreadsheetsLabor Saving

“What If” AnalysisThe process of changing one or more spreadsheet values and observing the resulting calculated effect

What if we reduce the price by 5%?

What if we buy a home and the mortgage rate increases by .5%?

Working with Spreadsheets

• Plan

• Create

• Edit and proofread

• Format

• Print

• Add graphics

• Provide data security – password, protect

Working with Spreadsheets

The plan…

…The result

Electronic SpreadsheetsHow it Works

• Enter data and calculations

• Electronic spreadsheet automatically performs the calculations

• Error-free results are displayed on the spreadsheet

• Print

• Store to be used again

Electronic SpreadsheetsFundamentals

• Screen– Window into the spreadsheet– Scroll using mouse or cursor-movement

keys

• Rows and columns– Row – number– Column – letters

Electronic SpreadsheetsFundamentals

• Cell– Junction of a row and column– Cell address (cell reference) – letter and

number

• Active cell (current cell)– Highlighted with border or reverse video– Can enter or edit data in active cell only

Cell Contents

• Label– Descriptive text

about entries– Not used for

calculations

• Value– Number– May be used in

calculations

Cell ContentsFormula

• Calculation instruction

• Contains– Cell address– One or more arithmetic operators– Functions

• Result appears in the cell containing the formula

• Calculation appears in the formula bar

Cell ContentsFunctions

• Pre-programmed formulas

• Used in formulas in place of operators

• Common– SUM– AVERAGE– COUNT– MIN– MAX

Cell Ranges

• Group of one or more adjacent cells occurring in a rectangular shape

• Treated as a unit during an operation

• Indicate the upper-left and lower-right cells of the block

• May be referenced in a formula or function

Formatting Features

• Column width

• Row height

• Headings

• Number styles – commas, number of decimals, dollar and percent signs

• Appearance of data– Justification– Text font and style

Formatting Features

• Decoration– Borders– Color– Clip art

• Business graphics– Shows words and

numbers in visual form

– Quickly and easily understood

Business Graphics

• Generate and sustain the interest of an audience

• Make a lesson, report, or business document more attractive

• Help get a point across

• Can reveal a trend that is lost in a column of numbers

• Presenter appears more prepared and organized

Business Graphics

Analytical graphicsView and analyze data

Presentation graphicsMake a positive impression during a presentation

Analytical GraphicsAnalysis-oriented Graphics

Help users analyze and understand data

Line

Bar

Pie

Line Graphs

Shows trends or cycles over time

• Axis

• Plot area

• Data point

• Labels

• Titles

Bar Graphs

• Comparisons

• Rectangular area up to the height of the point being plotted

• Easy to absorb

Pie Charts

• ProportionsRelationship between parts and whole

• One time period

• Exploded pie chartOne wedge pulled slightly away from the pie

Presentation Graphics Business-quality Graphics

• Look like preparation by professional graphic artist– Charts– Graphs– Visual aids

• Control the appearance when you create it

• Produce graphics faster

• Make last-minute changes

Presentation Graphics Business-quality Graphics

• Edit and enhance charts created by other programs

• Create charts, diagrams, drawing, and text slides

• Use clip art

• Support animated effects

• Add sounds

Presentation Graphics Business-quality Graphics

Hardware

• High-resolution color monitor

• Color printer

• Ability to project computer slides on a screen