IPM Basics, Lincoln University IPM Program & Univ. of Missouri Extension 05/15/2013 1 Spotted Wing Drosophila / Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist Grant Bolton Doctoral student Spotted Wing Drosophila (a vinegar fruit fly) Significance Unlike other fruit flies, SWD attacks sound ripening fruit, also attacks some vegetables Once eggs laid in fruit, no longer able to control with pesticides Short lifecycle and overlapping generations make spray timing difficult Requires sprays near harvest time Requires multiple sprays which can lead to pesticide resistance How to identify SWD Serrated egg- laying structure (ovipositor) MALE FEMALE Flies with no dots on wings could be: SWD females Native Drosophila species Need to detect presence of ovipositor Ovipositing female SWD. Source: E. Beers, Washington State Univ. 1 female = 300 eggs 150 females = 45,000 eggs 22,500 females = almost 7 million eggs The “1 - 2 - 3” IPM Approach for SWD This and other SWD articles available at: http://ipm.missouri.edu/ipcm/ and http://www.LU-IPM.net
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IPM Basics, Lincoln University IPM Program & Univ. of Missouri Extension
05/15/2013
1
Spotted Wing Drosophila / Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Patrick ByersRegional Horticulture Specialist
Grant BoltonDoctoral student
Spotted Wing Drosophila(a vinegar fruit fly)
Significance
Unlike other fruit flies, SWD attacks sound ripening fruit, also attacks some vegetables
Once eggs laid in fruit, no longer able to control with pesticides
Short lifecycle and overlapping generations make spray timing difficult
Requires sprays near harvest time
Requires multiple sprays which can lead to pesticide resistance
How to identify SWD
Serrated egg-laying structure
(ovipositor)
MALEFEMALEFlies with no dots on wings could be:
SWD femalesNative Drosophila
species
Need to detect presence of ovipositor
Ovipositing female SWD. Source: E. Beers, Washington State Univ.
1 female = 300 eggs150 females = 45,000 eggs22,500 females = almost 7 million eggs
The “1-2-3” IPM Approach for SWD
This and other SWD articles available at: http://ipm.missouri.edu/ipcm/ and http://www.LU-IPM.net
Testing all 8 compounds along with commercial lure comparison
Alan T Busby Organic Farm–Jeff City, MO
Update on trapping… Attracticidal
Spheres
Use attractive red sphere with insecticide coating
Coupled with spraying could be effective IPM tool
Removing over-ripe fruit from production areas can minimize SWD egg laying and larval development
Growers in other regions of the country send pickers through fields with one container to collect good fruit and another container to collect over-ripe fruit
Sanitation
http://ucanr.edu
(2) Cultural practices
IPM Basics, Lincoln University IPM Program & Univ. of Missouri Extension
05/15/2013
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For brambles, thin the plant row to 3-4 strong canes per square foot. This eliminates weaker shoots and opens the canopy
Consider a trellising system that similarly opens the canopy
The above may make plantings less attractive to SWD and will improve insecticide spray coverage
Canopy management
Photo credit: http://www.eandborchards.com
(3) Insecticides
MOST EFFECTIVE INSECTICIDES AGAINST SWD INCLUDE
ORGANOPHOSPHATES (2 OPTIONS LISTED)
CARBAMATES (2 OPTIONS LISTED)
PYREHTROIDS (3 OPTIONS LISTED)
SPINOSYNS (3 OPTIONS LISTED)
ANTHRANILIC DIAMIDE (1 OPTION LISTED)
Choose / use insecticides wisely
Effective and safest options
to minimize impact to non-
targets
F = fairG = goodE = excellent
The alternate row middle method involves skipping an alley so that only one side of each plant row is treated.
During the next application, the spray equipment travels down these skipped alleys and treats the previously non-sprayed side of the rows so that, after two temporally separated applications, both sides of each planting row are treated.
Alternate row middle and border sprays provide control of SWD similar to complete spray applications, thereby showing that reduced spray application strategies are important management tools for this pest.
For use with spray equipment
Reduced spray treatments against SWD resulted in higher numbers of natural enemies and lowered input costs.
Reduced spray strategies may be implemented in low-risk situations and perhaps integrated with other non-insecticide pest management tools
Microbial-based insecticide.
Spinosad is a fast-acting, somewhat broad-spectrum material that acts on the insect primarily through ingestion, or by direct contact with a spray droplet or a newly treated surface.
Cost: ca. $ 400 per quart.
Spinosad residues on the leaf surface are be broken down by sunlight. Half-lives for spinosyn A are 1.6 to 16 days depending
on the amount of sunlight receivedEntrust: One of the most effective OMRI-listed products against SWD
Organic (OMRI-listed) options
Pyrethrins are natural-botanical insecticides found in daisy-like Chrysanthemum flowers.
Pyrethrins are contact poisons which quickly penetrate the nerve system of the insect.
Cost: Ca. $510 for 1 gallon
Organic (OMRI-listed) options
IPM Basics, Lincoln University IPM Program & Univ. of Missouri Extension
05/15/2013
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Spinetoram is a new chemical in the spinosyn class of insecticides
It is a semi-synthetic spinosyn (not for certified organic production)
Even more effective than Entrust
Delegate: Effective, but not OMRI-listed
How to make insecticide sprays against SWD more effective
All fruit flies have sponging-lapping mouthparts, so they must feed on liquids
Sugar is a phagostimulant (food component that induces sustained feeding )
Add 2 pounds of sugar / 100 gallons water
(5 table spoons / gallon)
Brown MarmoratedStink Bug (BMSB)
Injury Diagnostics in Blueberry
BMSB will feed on blueberries at all stages of fruit development
Feeding on green fruit can result in discoloration at the feeding site (see picture)
Sunken purple/red areas may form around the feeding site
Feeding on mature fruits can cause softening of fruit and necrosis of tissues under the berry skin. In this case, the discoloration at the feeding site is minimal.