CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION SPORTS IN INDIA INTRODUCTION “Nachchan Kuddan Man Ka Chao”, as said by first Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak Dev ji, it is true eternally. Man has invented games primarily as a means to meet socially with others, to display skills and physical prowess and to entertain or offer excitement. Most of the games involve some form of running, throwing and jumping acrobatics, all of which developed from basic hunting skills. Many early cultures combined religious and political elements into their games, but there was always a desire for recreational play that eventually inspired the ST.PHILOMENA’S COLLEGE 1
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
SPORTS IN INDIA
INTRODUCTION
“Nachchan Kuddan Man Ka Chao”, as said by first Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak
Dev ji, it is true eternally. Man has invented games primarily as a means to meet
socially with others, to display skills and physical prowess and to entertain or offer
excitement. Most of the games involve some form of running, throwing and
jumping acrobatics, all of which developed from basic hunting skills. Many early
cultures combined religious and political elements into their games, but there was
always a desire for recreational play that eventually inspired the codification of
early games and the invention of new ones.
Because early man relied heavily on running to hunt prey, footraces
naturally developed and became formalized into track events. With the advent of
the ball and bat, running became the basis for a wide range of modern games such
as association football (soccer), lacrosse and field hockey. The ability to throw a
killing implement far and accurately was transformed from a survival skill into a
game skill like javelin or disc throwing. Although no modern team game is based
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on jumping, the action is widely used as an adjunct in games, most notably in
basketball and volleyball.
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Definition of Sports
Simon Jenkins defines sport, ‘A subset of leisure and work activities that
involves both physical activity and competition”.
According to The New Encyclopedia Britannica “Sports and games,
recreational or competitive activities that involve some amount of physical strength
or skill. At one time, sports were commonly considered to include only the outdoor
recreational 13 pastimes, such as fishing, shooting and hunting as opposed to
games, which were regarded as organized athletic contests played by teams or
individuals according to prescribed rules.
Difference between Sports and Games
Jenkins differentiates “A key difference between play and sports is
institutionalization of games with formalized sets of rules, national regulations and
a governing administrative superstructure of adults. The organizational structure
provides for the maintenance and control of the activity through interpretation of
rules by adults who act as officials. Sport is also characterized by formally
recorded histories and traditions.”
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Guttmann (1988) differentiates between play, games, contests and sports. Play
may be either spontaneous or organized. Organized play involves either
noncompetitive games or competitive games (contests). Contests may be
intellectual contests or physical contests (sports). Chess could be regarded as
intellectual contests.
What activates should be classified as sport is often debated. Britain is one
of the few countries not to recognize chess as a sport, because according to the
Sports Council the game is not sufficiently “physical”.
Sports, pastimes that stress physical skill and strength encompassing a wide
range of individual and team athletics. Organized sports usually have sets of rules
that give each a unique character. Amateur sports are intended primarily for the
enjoyment of the participants, while professional sports are for the entertainment of
the spectators. The differences between sports and games, which are essentially
nonathletic, are sometimes indistinct.
The Disciplines important to the Study of Sport
Over the course of history, people have found the disciplines of history,
philosophy, and more recently biology, psychology and sociology of use in their
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attempts to understand and control their world. It is the contention of many who
studysport that these disciplines may also be employed in attempts to understand
the phenomenon of sport.
Psychology
The psychology of sport is concerned in general terms, with the broad
psychological, social, and emotional aspects of the individual in a context of
physical activity and athletics. It deals with the needs, interests, attitudes,
dispositions, and motivations of the participant rather than just focusing on an
analysis of his performance. The primary intent of such an approach is to
understand why an individual behaves the way he does in sport situations. It is also
about giving psychological training to players.
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CHAPTER 2
DIFFERENT KINDS OF SPORTS IN INDIA
SPORTS IN INDIA
THE MOST POPULAR SPORTS IN INDIA
Sports are an important part of Indian entertainment, culture and tradition.
various sports being played in India. In Below we are going to make a Top 10 List
of Most Popular Sports in India. Popularity mean how many people are watching
that sport, or how many revenue generated from that sport. popularity not suppose
to success. for example, india has produced some great chess players, but we can’t
say that chess is the most popular are 2nd most popular sport in india.
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In soccer indian national team ranked as 156th team in FIFA ranking but
still one of the most popular game in india, lots of people are playing and lots of
watching from home. so keeping this criteria in the mind, here is the list of Most
Popular Sports in India.
Top 10 Most Popular Sports in India
BASKETBALL
Basketball in India is played in most of the high schools, colleges and
universities. There is considerable patronage for the game among the younger
generation. Basketball in India is played by both men and women of all ages and
ability. Indian Basketball follows FIBA International Basketball Federation rules
for organizing basketball championships.
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TABLE TENNIS
Table tennis is a popular indoor recreation sport in India, which has caught
on in states like West Bengal and Tamil Nadu. The Table Tennis Federation of
India is the official sports body to control table tennis in India. India’s Sharath
Kamal currently ranked 30th in the world.
WRESTLING
Wrestling is one of the most watched sport in india. teenagers and
youngsters in india mostly following wrestling. WWE has promoted The Great
Khali, an Indian police officer turned professional wrestler, to attract Indian
audiences.
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MOTOR CARS
Motorsport has gained a lot of popularity in India recent times. Though it is
not common for people of india to take part in the sport, but has a huge fan
following. ormula One in particular has taken off in the country in the last few
years, with the first ever Indian Formula One driver competing in 2005 and the
first ever Formula One Indian Grand Prix taking place in 2011.
CHESS
Chess is one of the most popular sport in india from last two decades
especially, due to chess Grandmaster and former World Champion Viswanathan
Anand. Anand is considered a hero by many Indians. His rise in the world chess
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stage stage has inspired a while generation of young Indians to take up the game of
Chess. The All India Chess Federation is the governing body for chess in India.
TENNIS
Tennis has long been a popular sport in India. Though India has not been a
powerful force in the singles event, it has often done very well in the doubles and
mixed doubles category.Sania Mirza and Rohan Bopanna are the real inspiration
for Indian youth.
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BADMINTON
Badminton is a popular sport in India. It is the second most played sport in
India after Cricket. Badminton in India is managed by Badminton Association of
India.
India has achieved some very good success at International level in
badminton. Indian “shuttler” Saina Nehwal was ranked second in the world in the
year 2010. Prakash Padukone and Pullela Gopichand, both won the All England
Open in 1980 and 2001 respectively. Saina is also the lone Indian badminton
player to have won an Olympic medal when she won the bronze medal at the 2012
Olympics.
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FIELD HOCKEY
Field Hockey is the national sport of India In the Olympics along with
Pakistan. India is the one of most successful country in men’s field hocke. india
has won with 8 gold, 1 silver, and 2 bronze medals, more than any other team in
the world. they also won world cup hockey tournament in 1975 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
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SOCCER
India qualified for the 1950 FIFA World Cup finals as a result of the
withdrawal of all of their scheduled opponents. However, the governing body
AIFF decided against going to the World Cup, being unable to understand the
importance of the event at that time. The AIFF argued that the cost of travel was
expensive (although FIFA agreed to bear a major part of the travel expenses) and
there were also problems like lack of practice time, team selection issues and more
preference was given to the Olympics over the FIFA World Cup.
The period from 1951 to 1962 is considered the golden era in Indian
football. Under the tutelage of legendary Syed Abdul Rahim, India became the best
team in Asia. India's football team started the 1950s with their triumph in the 1951
Asian Games which they hosted Later next year they went on to participate in the
1952 Summer Olympics, but lost 10–1 to Yugoslavia. Like four years earlier,
many of the team played without boots. After the result the AIFF immediately
made it mandatory to wear boots. India then went on to finish eighth in the 1954
Asian Games held in Manila.They finished fourth in the 1956 Olympic Games,
which is regarded as one of finest achievements in Indian football. India first met
hosts Australia, winning 4–2 with Neville D'Souza becoming the first Asian to
score a hat trick in the Olympics and also making India the first Asian team to
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reach the Olympic semi-finals. They lost 4–1 to Yugoslavia, and lost the third
place play-off match 3–0 to Bulgaria.Then in 1962, India went on to win the 1962
Asian Games where they beat South Korea 2–1 in the final.
In 1964, India played in its most memorable tournament yet. The 1964 AFC
Asian Cup where they finished as runners-up thanks to then manager Harry
Wright. India won their first match against South Korea 2–0, then lost 2–0 to the
hosts Israel and then won 3–1 against Hong Kong which gave India second place
in the tournament. After the Asian Cup, Indian football went downhill. Failure in
many Asian Cup qualification tournaments meant that the next time India reached
the quarter-final stage was as hosts in the 1982 Asian Games. Then all of a sudden
India managed to qualify for the 1984 AFC Asian Cup after twenty years.But
during the competition, India failed to make any impact.India would then fail to
make the Asian Cup for another 27 years.
Although India failed to qualify for the 2004 Asian Cup, the team did well
by showing off a silver-medal winning performance in the inaugural Afro Asian
Games, with victories over Rwanda and Zimbabwe (then 85 places ahead of India
in the world rankings) along the way, losing the final by just 1–0 to Uzbekistan.
Soccer is second most popular sport in India.alothough indian national
soccer team hasn’t much success at international level. the indian national soccer
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team is ranking 156th team in FIFA ranking. but still 2nd most played and watched
sport in india.
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CRICKET
Cricket is by far the most popular sport in India. The Board of Control for
Cricket in India is the global leader in profits in the world of cricket. I have seen
poster more than one time written “India have two religen “Cricket & Film”. India
Have produced Some Legend Cricketers Like Kapil Dev, Sunil Gavaskar, Rahul
Dravid and Sachin Tendulkar. These players Make Cricket Most Popular Sport
Among Indian People. In India, Lot of Money Involved in Cricket after
Introduction of IPL. Indian Premier League attracts cricketers from all over the
world.
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India has won All of the ICC Tournaments Including ODI’s World Cup 2
times (1983 & 2011), T20 World Cup 2007, ICC Champions Trophy 2013. so
without any doubt Cricket is the by far most popular sport in india.
History of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945
India became a member of the “elite club” joining Australia, England, South
Africa, New Zealand and the West Indies in June 1932. India's first match in Lords
against England attracted a massive crowd of 24,000 people as well as the King of
the United Kingdom, who was also the Emperor of India
History of cricket in India from 1945–46 to 1960
The major and defining event in the history of Indian cricket during this
period was the Partition of India following full independence from the British Raj
in 1947.Vikhyat gupta was the first person in cricket history to score a triple ton in
his debut match in an odi.
An early casualty of change was the Bombay Quadrangular tournament,
which had been a focal point of Indian cricket for over 50 years. The new India had
no place for teams based on ethnic origin. As a result, the Ranji Trophy came into
its own as the national championship. The last-ever Bombay Pentangular, as it had
become, was won by the Hindus in 1945–46.
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India also recorded its first Test victory in 1952, beating England by an innings in
Madras
History of cricket in India from 1960–61 to 1970
One team totally dominated Indian cricket in the 1960s. As part of 15
consecutive victories in the Ranji Trophy from 1958–59 to 1972–73, Bombay won
the title in all ten seasons of the period under review. Among its players were