Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Essential Question Section 1:Section 1:How Media Impact Government Section 2:Section 2:Regulating Print and Broadcast Media.

Splash Screen Chapter Menu Essential Question Section 1:Section 1:How Media Impact Government Section 2:Section 2:Regulating Print and Broadcast Media Section 3:Section 3:The Internet and Democracy Chapter Summary Essential Question How do the media affect our political life, and how has the Internet opened up new paths of communication for citizens, government, and interest groups? Chapter Preview-End Section 1-Content Vocabulary Content Vocabulary mass media news release news briefing leak media event front-runner spot advertising Section 1-Academic Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary expose commentator link Section 1-Reading Strategy Reading Strategy As you read, create an outline similar to the one at the right to help you take notes about how the media impact government. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1-Polling Question Which is the most reliable way to receive information about our government? A.mass media B.government news releases C.government news briefing D.planned media events Section 1 The President and the Media The mass media include all the means for communicating information to the general public.mass media The era of television politics began with the 1960 presidential debate between Nixon and Kennedy. A government news release is a ready- made story prepared by officials for members of the press.news release Section 1 The President and the Media (cont.) During a news briefing, a government official makes an announcement or explains a policy, a decision, or an action.news briefing A press conference involves the news medias questioning of a high-level government official. One way top officials try to influence the flow of information to the press is through a leak, or the release of secret information to the media by anonymous government officials.leak Section 1 The President and the Media (cont.) Modern presidents often stage a media event, a visually interesting event designed to reinforce the presidents position on some issue.media event A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 DQ1 A ready-made story prepared by officials for members of the press is a: A.news conference. B.news release. C.campaign ad. D.leak. Section 1 Media and Presidential Campaigns Television has influenced the types of candidates who run for office in several ways: Candidates for major offices must project a pleasing appearance and performance on camera. Television has made it much easier for people who are political unknowns to gain exposure and quickly become serious candidates for major offices. Section 1 Media and Presidential Campaigns (cont.) Television has encouraged celebrities from a wide variety of fields to enter politics. The mass media have fundamentally changed the nomination process for president through horse-race coverage of elections, especially primaries. The media declare a candidate who wins an early primary a front-runner, or early leader.front-runner Section 1 Media and Presidential Campaigns (cont.) Television campaigns use spot advertising, the same basic technique that television uses to sell other products.spot advertising Candidates rely on extensive fund-raising efforts to afford the huge fees needed to pay for sophisticated television advertising campaigns. Television has weakened the role of political parties as the key link between politicians and the voters in national politics. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 DQ2 The media often declare a candidate who wins an early primary A.a front-runner. B.a winner. C.a leading candidate. D.an advantaged candidate. Section 1 Congress and the Media Nearly every member of Congress has a press secretary to prepare press releases, arrange interviews, and give out television tapes. The Senate usually holds hearings to review nominations to high government posts. The most controversial hearings attract wide media coverage. Section 1 Congress and the Media (cont.) Routine hearings of Congressional oversight are sometimes televised. The media look for scandals in the personal lives of members of Congress. The floor proceedings of the House and Senate are now regularly broadcast to lawmakers offices and to cable television subscribers via Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network (C-SPAN). A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 DQ3 Nearly every member of Congress has an individual assigned to preparing press releases, arranging interviews, and giving out television tapes, known as a A.propagandist. B.press secretary. C.reporters aid. D.campaign manager. Section 1 The Court and the Media The Supreme Court and lower federal courts receive much less media coverage than Congress or the president. Judges must remain unbiased, and media publicity might interfere with their objectivity. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 DQ4 Media publicity can interfere with a judges ability to remain A.biased. B.honest. C.unbiased. D.subjective. Section 1 Setting the Public Agenda The mass media play an important role in setting the public agenda, a list of societal problems that both political leaders and citizens agree need government attention. Networks cover political news they think will attract the biggest audience. In turn, the extent of media coverage will influence how the public ranks the importance of an issue to the nation. Section 1 Setting the Public Agenda (cont.) The media have a basic effect on political attitudes and values in two ways: They play a role in political socialization, the process through which people form values and attitudes. Media reporting is usually on negative events like political corruption. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 DQ5 The list of societal problems that both political leaders and citizens agree need government attention is called the A.political agenda. B.media agenda. C.democratic agenda. D.public agenda. Section 1-End Section 2-Content Vocabulary Content Vocabulary prior restraint libel shield law fairness doctrine Section 2-Academic Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary source via format Section 2-Reading Strategy Reading Strategy As you read, create a table similar to the one below to list the ways the Federal Communications Commission regulates broadcast media. A.A B.B Section 2-Polling Question Should reporters have special rights of access to government hearings, court cases, and political officials? A.yes B.no Section 2 Protecting the Media The First Amendment says in part that Congress shall make no lawabridging the freedom of the press. In the United States, the First Amendment means that print media are free from prior restraint, or government censorship of information before it is published.prior restraint Falsely written statements intended to damage a persons reputation are called libel and are sometimes grounds for a lawsuit. libel A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 DQ1 Government censorship of information before it is published is called A.political censoring. B.restraining order. C.prior restraint. D.pre-publication restraint. Section 2 The Right to Gather Information Generally the Supreme Court has rejected the idea that the media have special rights of access. In 1965 the Court ruled that the right to speak and publish does not carry with it the unrestrained right to gather information. Reporters often need secret informants when investigating government officials, political radicals, or criminals. Section 2 The Right to Gather Information (cont.) More than half of the states have shield laws to protect reporters from having to reveal their sources.shield laws A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 DQ2 Laws that protect reporters from having to reveal their sources are called A.privacy laws. B.source-protection laws. C.armor laws. D.shield laws. Section 2 Regulating Broadcast Media In 1934 Congress created the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), a government agency with authority to regulate interstate and international communications by radio, television, telephone, telegraph, cable, and satellite. The FCC can influence the content of broadcasts by fining stations that violate rules and by threatening not to renew a stations license. Section 2 Regulating Broadcast Media (cont.) In the 1980s the fairness doctrine, which required broadcasters to provide airtime to both sides of a controversial issue, was removed.fairness doctrine Some broadcasters and political activists had claimed that the fairness doctrine was actually censorship. Shortly after its creation the FCC began creating a complex set of rules to prevent the ownership of media from being concentrated in the hands of the few. Section 2 Regulating Broadcast Media (cont.) In the 1990s broadcast owners and many other communications interests pressured Congress to review telecommunication regulations. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 ended or relaxed many FCC limits on media ownership. Section 2 Regulating Broadcast Media (cont.) Since the 1996 Telecommunications Act, several media companies have merged to create communications giants. Comparing Governments: Media Access, 2007 A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 DQ3 What rule required broadcasters to provide airtime to both sides of a controversial issue? A.the Anti-Partisan Act B.the Fairness Doctrine C.the Balanced Information Clause D.the Media Impartiality Doctrine Section 2 Media and National Security Government restriction on media coverage during wartime has varied. During the Vietnam War, there were few limits. During the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the Defense Department limited coverage to a small group of reporters. In 2003 when the Iraq war began, the Pentagon allowed 500 embedded journalists to accompany troops into battle. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 DQ4 Reporters chosen to accompany troops into battle during the war in Iraq are known as A.embedded journalists. B.embattled reporters. C.field reporters. D.war correspondents. Section 2-End Section 3-Content Vocabulary Content Vocabulary partisan electronic mailing list action alert electronic petition Section 3-Academic Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary site global journal Section 3-Reading Strategy Reading Strategy As you read, use a graphic organizer to analyze the impact of the Internet on citizen participation. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3-Polling Question What is the most significant distinction between the Internet and other mass media as related to politics? A.the Internet provides interactive communication B.the Internet provides a quick and easy way to mobilize citizens C.the Internet is a venue for official government Web sites D.the Internet allows for electronic petitions and action alerts Section 3 Key Features of the Internet Unlike traditional mass media, the Internet supports interactive communications. This allows activists or anyone else to find people with similar interests and views easily and quickly mobilize them to organize a campaign or contact government officials. The Internet is a collection of Web sites and computer servers that is accessible to people all around the world. A.A B.B C.C Section 3 DQ1 The worldwide collection of Web sites and computer servers is known as A.the worldwide computer database. B. . C.the Internet. Section 3 Gathering Information Thousands of Web sites are devoted to politics and government. These sites are sponsored by government agencies, Congress, political parties, universities, and various interest groups. Many Web sites are partisan, meaning they offer information and ideas that support only one point of view on issues.partisan Media Use in the United States Section 3 Gathering Information (cont.) Electronic mailing lists are automatednotifications that provide subscribers with current information on a topic.Electronic mailing lists All levels of government now provide services and information over the Internet. The federal government provides and maintains an official Web site that offers access to a wide variety of governmental information. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 DQ2 Automatednotifications that provide subscribers with current information on a topic are called A.internet notification lists. B.electronic mailing lists. C.action alerts. D.electronic news alerts. Section 3 Impact on Citizen Participationhas become the most widely used Internet tool for contacting government officials. Political organizers have developed several tools that take advantage of the Internets power to spread information quickly. An action alert is a message from an interest group to its members that calls upon each member to respond immediately by telephone.action alert Section 3 Impact on Citizen Participation (cont.) An electronic petition is a message that asks you, along with many others, to sign your name electronically to a request that is going to an official.electronic petition Grassroots Web sites are set up by individual citizens in support of their favorite candidates. Election candidate Web sites usually give you information on how to sign up for jobs related to the campaign. Section 3 Impact on Citizen Participation (cont.) Blogging, an online personal journal, gives people and groups a new way to participate in politics both during and between elections. The growth of the Internet, along with the disputed Florida ballot count in the 2000 presidential election, has led to calls for online voting. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 DQ3 A message that asks you, along with many others, to sign your name electronically to a request that is going to an official is called an A.action alert. B.online protest. C.electronic petition. D.electronic mailing list. Section 3 Challenges for Public Policy The rise of a major technology like the Internet creates a need for new laws to deal with its impact on politics, business, and peoples lives. The Internet has allowed anyone, anywhere to gain access to obscene content in the privacy of their homes. In 2008 the Supreme Court made it a crime to advertise or solicit online images of child pornography. Section 3 Challenges for Public Policy (cont.) Because state sales tax laws are so cumbersome, the Supreme Court has blocked attempts by state governments to require online retailers to collect sales taxes. E-Commerce: Online Retail Sales A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 DQ4 The Supreme Court has blocked attempts by state governments to require online retailers to A.collect consumer information. B.collect sales tax. C.distribute obscene material. D.market to children. Section 3-End Chapter Summary start Media and Government President: Interacts with media through news releases and briefings, press conferences, background stories, leaks, and media events Congress: Media coverage focuses on confirmation hearings, oversight activities, and the personal business of members Chapter Summary Media and Government Court: Receives less media attention due to the remoteness of judges and the technical nature of their work The Internet helps citizens gather information about political issues and government services and communicate with legislators and government leaders Chapter Summary Regulation of the Media First Amendment protects freedom of the press Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates media content and ownership Telecommunications Act of 1996 updated regulations on cost, competition, and program content Debates over regulation of Internet content and e-commerce taxation continue Chapter Summary end of Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 MIR Trans DFS Trans 1 DFS Trans 2 DFS Trans 3 Help Click the Forward button to go to the next slide. 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