Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:Taxation Without Representation Section 2:Section 2:Building Colonial Unity Section.

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Chapter Introduction

Section 1: Taxation Without Representation

Section 2: Building Colonial Unity

Section 3: A Call to Arms

Section 4: Moving Toward Independence

Visual Summary

Chapter Intro

Taxation Without Representation

Essential Question Following the French and Indian War, how did the British government anger the American colonists?

Chapter Intro

Building Colonial Unity

Essential Question How did the colonists react to British policies?

Chapter Intro

Call to Arms

Essential Question What brought about the clash between American colonists and British soldiers at Lexington and Concord?

Chapter Intro

Moving Toward Independence

Essential Question Why did the American colonies choose to declare independence?

Chapter Time Line

Chapter Time Line

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-Essential Question

Following the French and Indian War, how did the British government anger the American colonists?

Section 1-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• revenue

• resolution

• boycott

• repeal

• writs of assistance

• effigy

• nonimportation

Academic Vocabulary

• prohibit • violate

Reading Guide

Section 1-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Stamp Act

• Patrick Henry

• Samuel Adams

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

Section 1-Polling Question

What do you typically do when you feel you are being treated unfairly?

A. Just accept it and say nothing

B. Calmly present your grievances to the person treating you unfairly

C. Angrily confront the person treating you unfairly A B C

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Section 1

Relations With Britain

After the French and Indian War, Great Britain passed laws to protect British interests in the colonies.

Section 1

• After the French and Indian War, the British faced the challenge of protecting their interests in the colonies and new territory they now controlled.

• With the Proclamation of 1763, the British government set up new provinces and prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Relations With Britain (cont.)

The Proclamation of 1763

Section 1

• Britain needed new revenue to pay troop expenses, so they issued new taxes on the colonies and began to enforce existing taxes more strictly.

• Parliament authorized writs of assistance, which allowed customs officers to enter any location to search for smuggled goods.

Relations With Britain (cont.)

Pounds and Shillings

Section 1

• Parliament also passed the Sugar Act, which lowered the tax on imported molasses but also let officers seize goods from smugglers without going to court.

• The colonists believed these British actions violated their rights as English citizens.

Relations With Britain (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B

C

D

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What was the purpose of the Sugar Act?

A. To raise taxes on imported molasses

B. To lower taxes on imported molasses

C. To prohibit trade with countries that sold sugar

D. To encourage trade with countries that sold sugar

Section 1

New Taxes

As the British government passed new tax laws, resistance by the colonists grew.

Section 1

• In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act, which placed a tax on almost all printed material. The colonists opposed this new law.

– Patrick Henry persuaded the Virginia assembly to pass a resolution declaring it had the exclusive right to tax citizens.

– Samuel Adams helped start an organization called the Sons of Liberty to protest the Stamp Act.

New Taxes (cont.)

Section 1

– Protesters burned effigies representing tax collectors and destroyed houses belonging to royal officials.

– In colonial cities, merchants were urged to boycott British and European goods in protest, and thousands of merchants signed nonimportation agreements.

New Taxes (cont.)

Section 1

• Parliament eventually repealed the Stamp Act but then passed the Declaratory Act, which stated that Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for the British colonies in all cases.

• In 1767 Parliament passed a set of laws, known as the Townshend Acts, which taxed imported goods.

New Taxes (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B

C

D

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Which law stated that Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for the British colonies “in all cases”?

A. Proclamation of 1763

B. Stamp Act

C. Declaratory Act

D. Townshend Acts

Section 1-End

Section 2-Essential Question

How did the colonists react to British policies?

Section 2-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• propaganda

• committee of correspondence

Academic Vocabulary

• occupy

• encounter

Reading Guide

Section 2-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Crispus Attucks

• Boston Massacre

• Tea Act

• Boston Tea Party

• George III

• Coercive Acts

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2-Polling Question

How would you most likely respond to taunting?

A. Ignore it

B. Cry

C. Respond verbally

D. Respond violently

A B C D

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Section 2

Trouble in Boston

A violent clash between townspeople and British soldiers in Boston intensified anti-British feeling in the colonies.

Section 2

• Many colonists were angry that the British had passed laws that violated colonial rights and sent an army to occupy colonial cities.

• An encounter between Bostonians and British soldiers, who killed five colonists including Crispus Attucks, became known as the Boston Massacre.

• Colonial leaders used the killings as propaganda.

Trouble in Boston (cont.)

Section 2

• Aware of the opposition to its policies, Parliament repealed all the Townshend Acts taxes except the one on tea.

• Some colonial leaders continued to call for resistance to British rule and revived the Boston committee of correspondence.

Trouble in Boston (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B

C

D

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Who revived the committee of correspondence?

A. Paul Revere

B. Crispus Attucks

C. Samuel Adams

D. King George III

Section 2

A Crisis Over Tea

New British laws restricting colonial rights further enraged the colonists.

Section 2

• To save the British East India Company, Parliament passed the Tea Act.

• A group of men disguised as Mohawks boarded the British ships at midnight and threw 342 chests of tea overboard in an event that became known as the Boston Tea Party.

A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)

The Boston Tea Party

Section 2

• King George III passed the Coercive Acts, which:

– Closed Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paid for the ruined tea.

– Banned certain rights, such as the right to town meetings.

– Forced Bostonians to shelter British soldiers in their homes.

A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)

Section 2

• The colonists called the new laws the Intolerable Acts.

A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B

C

D

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What did the colonists call the new laws passed by the British government?

A. The Intolerable Acts

B. The Revolutionary Acts

C. The Boston Massacre

D. The Coercive Acts

Section 2-End

Section 3-Essential Question

What brought about the clash between American colonists and British soldiers at Lexington and Concord?

Section 3-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• militia

• minutemen

• Loyalist

• Patriot

Academic Vocabulary

• approach • volunteer

Reading Guide

Section 3-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Continental Congress

• John Adams

• John Jay

• Richard Henry Lee

• George Washington

• Paul Revere

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

Section 3-Polling Question

Have you ever disagreed with a policy enacted by the government?

A. Yes

B. No

A B

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Section 3

The Continental Congress

Colonial leaders met in Philadelphia to discuss their opposition to British policy.

Section 3

• In 1774, delegates from all the colonies except Georgia met to establish a political body to represent American interests and challenge British control.

• Delegates to this Continental Congress included:

The Continental Congress (cont.)

– John Adams

– John Jay

– Richard Henry Lee

Section 3

– Patrick Henry

– George Washington

• The delegates drafted a statement of grievances calling for the repeal of 13 acts of Parliament.

• They also called upon the people to form militias—groups of citizen soldiers.

The Continental Congress (cont.)

Militias in the Colonies

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

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The purpose of the Continental Congress was to accomplish which of the following tasks?

A. Support British rule

B. Explore a new continent

C. Challenge British control

D. Establish a new boycott

Section 3

The First Battles

America’s fight for independence began when British troops clashed with minutemen at Lexington and Concord.

Section 3

• Some colonial soldiers, known as minutemen, boasted they would be ready to fight on a minute’s notice.

• Upon hearing that British troops were marching out of Boston, Paul Revere and William Dawes rode to Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock.

The First Battles (cont.)

The Battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775

Section 3

• At dawn the redcoats approached Lexington and fought the minutemen. The battle for independence had begun.

The First Battles (cont.)

The Battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

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Where did the first battles of the Revolution take place?

A. Boston and New York

B. Washington and Philadelphia

C. Suffolk and Charlestown

D. Lexington and Concord

Section 3

More Military Action

As colonial militias formed and the fighting continued, American loyalties were split.

Section 3

• After Lexington and Concord, the committees of correspondence sent out calls for volunteers to join the militias.

• Although the British won the Battle of Bunker Hill, they learned that defeating the Americans on the battlefield would not be quick or easy.

More Military Action (cont.)

Section 3

• The American Revolution was also a civil war among the colonists.

– Those who remained loyal to Great Britain were called Loyalists.

– Those who supported the war for independence were called Patriots.

More Military Action (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

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Which of the following shows the correct chronology?

A. Bunker Hill, Lexington, Ft. Ticonderoga

B. Concord, Yorktown, Lexington

C. Yorktown, Lexington, Concord

D. Lexington, Ft. Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill

Section 3-End

Section 4-Essential Question

Why did the American colonies choose to declare independence?

Section 4-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• petition

• preamble

Academic Vocabulary

• debate

• status

Reading Guide

Section 4-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Second Continental Congress

• Continental Army

• Olive Branch Petition

• Thomas Paine

• Common Sense

• Declaration of Independence

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4-Polling Question

Rate your agreement with the following statement: The media influences your opinion about important issues.

A. Strongly agree

B. Somewhat agree

C. Somewhat disagree

D. Strongly disagree A B C D

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Section 4

Colonial Leaders Emerge

When the Second Continental Congress met for the first time, many leaders were not yet ready to call for independence.

Section 4

• When the Second Continental Congress assembled in 1775, many delegates were not yet prepared to break away from Great Britain.

• The Second Continental Congress:

Colonial Leaders Emerge (cont.)

– Authorized the printing of money.

– Set up a post office run by Benjamin Franklin.

Section 4

– Established committees to communicate with Native Americans and with other countries.

– Created the Continental Army commanded by George Washington.

– Sent a petition to King George III called the Olive Branch Petition.

Colonial Leaders Emerge (cont.)

Section 4

• In January 1776, Thomas Paine published a pamphlet called Common Sense, which called for complete independence from Britain.

Colonial Leaders Emerge (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4

A B C D

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Who published a very influential pamphlet called Common Sense?

A. Thomas Paine

B. George Washington

C. Samuel Adams

D. Patrick Henry

Section 4

The Colonies Declare Independence

The Declaration of Independence announced the birth of a new nation, committing Americans to a struggle for independence.

Section 4

• After much debate, the Second Continental Congress chose a committee to draft a Declaration of Independence, which was approved on July 4, 1776.

• The Declaration has four major sections:

The Colonies Declare Independence (cont.)

– A preamble or introduction

– A list of rights the colonists believed they should have

Section 4

– A list of complaints against Britain

– A proclamation of their status as a new nation

The Colonies Declare Independence (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4

A B

C

D

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Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

A. Thomas Paine

B. George Washington

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. Patrick Henry

Section 4-End

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Vocab1

revenue

incoming money

Vocab2

resolution

a formal expression of opinion

Vocab3

boycott

to refuse to buy items from a particular country; to refuse to use in order to show disapproval or force acceptance of one’s terms

Vocab4

repeal

to cancel an act or law

Vocab5

writ of assistance

legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled

Vocab6

effigy

rag figure representing an unpopular individual

Vocab7

nonimportation

the act of not importing or using certain goods

Vocab8

prohibit

stop; disallow

Vocab9

violate

disturb or disregard

Vocab10

propaganda

ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion

Vocab11

committee of correspondence

an organization that spread political ideas through the colonies

Vocab12

occupy

to control

Vocab13

encounter

to come upon; meet

Vocab14

militia

a group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies

Vocab15

minutemen

companies of civilian soldiers who boasted that they were ready to fight on a minute’s notice

Vocab16

Loyalists

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

Vocab17

Patriot

American colonist who favored American independence

Vocab18

approach

move toward

Vocab19

volunteer

willingly step forward

Vocab20

petition

a formal request

Vocab21

preamble

the introduction to a formal document, especially the Constitution

Vocab22

debate

discussion by opposing points of view

Vocab23

status

rank or position

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