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Chapter IntroductionSection 1: The Imperial Vision

Section 2:The Spanish-American War

Section 3:New American Diplomacy

Visual Summary

• On November 3, 1903, Philippe Bunau-Varilla’s forces revolted against Columbia.

– Within a few days, the United States recognized Panama’s independence, and the two nations signed a treaty allowing the canal to be built.

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy (cont.)

• To address the problem of European powers exploiting Latin American debt, Roosevelt gave an address to Congress known as the Roosevelt Corollary.

• Roosevelt’s successor, William Howard Taft, believed that if American business leaders supported Latin America development, everyone would benefit.

– Taft’s policy came to be called dollar diplomacy.

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy (cont.)

The Roosevelt Corollary and Dollar Diplomacy, 1903–1934

– Administration officials also worked hard to replace European loans with loans from American banks in order to avoid European intervention in Latin America.

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy (cont.)

The Roosevelt Corollary and Dollar Diplomacy, 1903–1934

A. AB. BC. CD. D A B C D

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Who expressed his political beliefs with the saying, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”?A. William McKinley

B. William Howard Taft

C. Theodore Roosevelt

D. John Hay

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in MexicoWilson believed in “moral diplomacy” and tried to encourage democracy in Latin America.

• In 1911, widespread discontent in Mexico erupted into revolution.

– Francisco Madero, a reformer who appeared to support democracy, constitutional government, and land reform, led the revolution.

– In February 1913, General Victoriano Huerta murdered Madero and seized power.

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico(cont.)

• Woodrow Wilson refused to recognize the new government.

• In April 1914, American sailors visiting the city of Tampico were arrested after entering a restricted area.

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico(cont.)

– Although they were released, Wilson saw Mexico’s refusal to apologize as an opportunity to overthrow Huerta.

– Venustiano Carranza became Mexico’s president, but Mexican forces were not appeased.

– In March 1916, Pancho Villa and a group of guerrillas burned the town of Columbus, New Mexico, and killed 16 Americans.

– Wilson sent 6,000 troops under General John J. Pershing to capture Villa, but later recalled them.

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico(cont.)

• During Wilson’s presidency, his hope of leading the world by moral example was not realized.

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico(cont.)

A. AB. BC. CD. D A B C D

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Wilson was hoping not to deal with which issue while in office?A. Foreign affairs

B. Domestic policy

C. The economy

D. Education

dollar diplomacy a policy of joining the business interests of a country with its diplomatic interests abroad

guerrilla member of an armed band that carries out surprise attacks and sabotage rather than open warfare

access freedom or ability to obtain or make use of

tensionact of stretching; stiffness; mental strain

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