Spintronics - 123seminarsonly.com

SPINTRONIX

ABSTRACT

Spintronics or spin-based electronics, also known as Magnetoelectronics, is an emergent technology which exploits the quantum propensity of electrons to spin as well as making use of their charge state. Now, physicists are trying to exploit the spin of the electron rather than its charge to create a new generation of Spintronics devices that will be smaller, more versatile, more robust than those currently making up silicon chips and circuit element from thes simple devices it’s hoped to make incredibly tiny chip that will acts as super-fast memories. The ultimate Spintronics degree of control would come from controlling a circuit at the level of a single spin. The ability to exploit spin in semiconductor promises new logic devices such as Spintronic sensors, GMR, memory chip, spin FET etc. with enhanced functionality, higher speed and reduced power consumption and might spark a revolution in the semiconductor industry. The problems which are faced during the practical realization of these devices, have also been discussed with the brief description of nano Spintronics, ferroelectric Spintronics and semiconductor Spintronics. On every front, the Spintronics revolution is racing ahead and will continue to generate technologies that would be inconceivable in a nonquantum world.

MEMS (MICRO ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS)

ABSTRACT

MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) an explosive new

technology is the next logical step in the silicon revolution. As

time has progressed, large expensive complex systems have

replaced by small, high performance, inexpensive integrated

circuits.

MEMS is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators & electronics on a common silicon substrate through micro-fabrication technology. While the electronics are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) process sequences (e.g., CMOS, Bipolar, or BICMOS processes), the micromechanical components are fabricated using compatible "micromachining" processes that selectively etch away parts of the silicon wafer or add new structural layers to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices. Microelectronic integrated circuits can be thought of as the "brains" of a system and MEMS augments this decision-making capability with "eyes" and "arms", to allow microsystems to sense and control the environment.

MEMS devices have got a wide horizon of applications. From simple pressure sensors & air bags used in automobiles to optical & wireless networks (enhancing communication) to life sciences application in the form of BioMEMS to miniature robotics applications MEMS are revolutionizing each & every existing field. Having components on-chip means they are more tightly integrated and can communicate faster with the IC. And because lighter MEMS components are really part of the chip and not attached to the board, they are less likely to be damaged. Not the least of benefits is cost savings. A circuit board with as many as 800 components may cost very less to manufacture using MEMS which may eliminate as many as 200 discrete parts, saving large cost per unit. Therefore

TODAY LARGE EXPENSIVE & DUMB

TOMMOROW TINY CHEAP & SMART

Optical Computers:The Future of Technology

ABSTRACT

According to Moore’s Law, the number of transistors on a computer chip doubles every 18 months. But as we continue to make transistors smaller, we will eventually run out of space on microchips. So in order to keep advancing in computer technology without adding transistors as it is done today, we need to change the composition of the hardware. The next step into the future of computers is in optics. Optics offers many benefits over today’s electrical computers including higher bandwidth, superior processing power, and enlarged storage space. a server. The serve

PICOSAT

ABSTRACT

Technology is converting electronics to its most miniature form as possible. Here we have discussed best topic which can clearly depict the huge growth of electronics industry in satellite communication. Some of modern satellites have been loaded with components fabricated at level of Pico meter. This greatly reduces dimensions of required satellite and results in surprisingly reduced mass. Such satellites are called PICOSAT (0.1-1.0kg).PICOSAT system is constellation of satellites designed to offer continuous access, 24 hours per day, 365 days per year, anywhere on the planet. They are very simple, small, and efficient satellites that fly at LEO’S. So far amateur radio satellites are designed to be used by experimenters and enthusiasts. Pico sat changes all that and makes ham satellites applicable to anyone with UHF radio, a digital translator such as multimedia and palmtop/laptop pc and software. Pico satellites can be easily mounted on mother ships and thus carried to outer space In short; picosats aims to perform all the functions performed by normal satellites. Moreover various specifications are described regarding mechanical specifications, electrical specifications including solar cells or batteries, orbits, regulation and launch requirements. Finally a

really exciting FLIGHT PLAN of two DARPA/Aerospace PICOSATs launched to orbit has been included.

SPINS: Security Protocols For Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks will be widely deployed in the near future. While much research has focused on making these networks feasible and useful, security has received little attention. We present a suite of security protocols optimized for sensor networks: SPINS. SPINS has two secure building blocks: SNEP and µ TESLA. SNEP includes: data confidentiality, two-party data authentication, and evidence of data freshness. µ TESLA provides authenticated broadcast for severely resource-constrained environments. It is also shown that they are practical even on minimal hardware: the performance of the protocol suite easily matches the data rate of our network. Additionally, we demonstrate that the suite can be used

for building higher-level protocols. This paper also shows the requirements for sensor network security. The applications of SPINS are also given in this paper.

(NEW TRENDS IN

NETWORKING)

ABSTRACT:

In today’s New Economy, small businesses that might have dealt with just

local or regional concerns now have to consider global markets and logistics.

At the same time security concerns of their network from hackers, Denial-of-

Service (DoS) attacks and sending data over the Internet have become more

widespread.

Until recently,communications were only available by using

leased telephone lines to maintain a Wide Area Network (WAN).

Leased lines enabled companies to expand their private network

beyond their immediate geographic area. Moreover, WAN provided

advantages over a public network like the Internet when it came to

reliability, performance, and security.

. The continuing popularity with the Internet has led to the

evolution of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). A VPN is a connection

that allows private data to be sent securely over a shared or public

network, such as the Internet. In fact, one of the driving forces behind

VPNs is the Internet and its global presence.

With VPNs, communication links between users and sites can be

achieved quickly, inexpensively, and safely across the world. In this

way, VPNs empower organizations to extend their network service to

branch offices and remote users -such as traveling employees,

telecommuters, and strategic partners - by creating a private WAN via

the Internet. With all these benefits, small businesses are also eager to

reap the advantages afforded by VPNs. This paper explains what a

VPN is and how VPNs provide secure, private connections to

network applications.

By reading this paper, you will gain a fundamental understanding

of VPNs, including their security mechanisms, benefits, and cost-

saving advantages.

ABSTRACT:

The idea of connecting the human brain to a computer or machine

directly is not novel and its potential has been explored in science fiction. With

the rapid advances in the areas of information technology, miniaturization and

neurosciences there has been a surge of interest in turning fiction into reality.

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) provides a new communication channel

between the human brain and the computer. It is a. method of communication

based on voluntary neural activity generated by the brain and independent of

its normal output pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles thus it

implements the principle of “Think and make it happen without any

physical effort”. This technology will be extremely valuable to people with

devastating neuro-motor handicaps as they offer new augmentative

communication technology to those who are paralyzed. Over the past decade,

productive BCI research programs have arisen, facilitated and encouraged by

new understanding of brain function, by the advent of powerful low-cost

computer equipment, and by growing recognition of the needs and potentials

of people with disabilities. The technology driving this breakthrough in the

Brain Computer Interface field has a myriad of potential applications, including

the development of human augmentation for military and commercial

purposes. Many of these systems are being improved and will soon be of

value to many different people in a wide variety of environments and

situations.

“We must develop as quickly as possible technologies that

make possible a direct connection between brain and

computer,

so that artificial brains contribute to human intelligence

rather than opposing it.”-- Stephen Hawking

ABSTRACT

This document describes the Interplanetary Internet: a communication system to provide Internet-like services across interplanetary distances in support of deep space exploration. Our approach, which we refer to as bundling, builds a store-and-forward overlay network above the transport layers of underlying networks. Bundling uses many of the techniques of electronic mail, but is directed toward interprocess communication, and is designed to operate in environments that have very long speed-of-light delays. We partition the Interplanetary Internet into IPN Regions, and discuss the implications that this has on naming and routing. We discuss the way that bundling establishes dialogs across intermittently connected internets, and go on to discuss the types of bundle nodes that exist in the

interplanetary internet, followed by a discussion of security in the IPN, a discussion of the IPN backbone network, and a discussion of remote deployed internets.

ABSTRACT

Basic aim of IPTV is to offer a complete package known as the triple play: voice, data, & video- that is, telephony, the internet & television. The single most amazing thing IPTV does is this: when the channel- surfer at home starts clicking away, the set-top box relays that fact to the data center, kilometers away. The server there stops sending the old channel selection and sends the new one. And it does all that in less than 200 milliseconds , so fast that the user has no idea that the programming wasn’t there in the set-top box all along, waiting for its chance to leap onto the screen! The most remarkable thing about IPTV is the way it replicates & even enhances the cable television experience, over a pair of thin copper wires.

The efficiency of sending a single bill for voice, video, & data makes the triple play compelling for customers & companies alike. This service can be provided with as well as without a PC. Regular telephone service goes out to the public telephone system, while video & DSL data goes out to the Internet .In the IPTV system; television programming is first collected in a special data center. Servers there take television programming from many sources live broadcasts channels licensed from Italy, & more. They then encode it & send it out to off-the-shelf servers running IPTV software at a data center. Those servers are in constant communication with users living-room set-top boxes, via the DSLAM. Now each side that is the telecom companies as well as the service providers is striving to provide this at an extremely attractive rate.

Laser based 3D ScannerLaser based 3D Scanner

ABSTRACT

One of the most time consuming aspects of creating virtual

worlds is the creation of the geometric models of objects. This can

be particularly frustrating when you have a real physical version of

the object. But laser based 3D scanners help us to scan 3D objects

to give its accurate image within a small amount of time.

The 3-dimensional object to be scanned is placed on a rotating platform, which rotates at a constant speed. A laser beam is vibrated vertically using a vibrator to form a vertical plane, which falls on the object to generate a laser profile of the object at that position. A video camera is placed at an angle of 10 – 20 degrees with respect to the laser beam so that the accurate profile is captured by the camera. The camera captures the scene and saves the video in AVI file format. A software utility called ‘Video Edit’ is used to extract BMPs in AVI file. A desired number of frames are selected from all the frames. Laser profiles are then extracted from these frames. The laser profiles thus obtained are connected together to form a wire mesh diagram. A navigator tool is created which helps to view the wire mesh diagram from any direction by rotating the wire mesh diagram. Surface is applied to this wire frame diagram using rendering to obtain the exact view of the object.

Thus, Laser scanning can be used efficiently and cost-effectively to create accurate 3D models and drawings. The 3D scanner describes simply and accurately, not only the 3D shape of an object, but also its precise appearance from all possible viewing angles. Thus, Laser scanning is a fast, accurate, and cost-efficient method of gathering 3-dimensional data for use in 3D models and mapping.

SYMPATHETIC HAPTICS ABSTRACT

Sympathetic Haptics is the innovation that transmits tactile sensation over theinternet. Haptics is derived from a greek word “haptein” which has the meaning similarto “to fasten”. The precise meaning for Sympathetic Haptics is the ability to feel what theother person feels. The technology transmits the tactile sensation over the internetthrough an active tracking haptic system using a virtual reality data glove.This paper provides a deeper insight into the working of this innovation. It alsoprovides the innumerable number of applications that this technology can provide. Notonly does it describe the advantages of using this technology in the future, but also itprovides few limitations as to why this technology

cannot be used in the present scenario.

MICROCONTROLLER BASED POWER THEFT IDENTIFICATION

ABSTRACT

Science and technology with all its miraculous advancements has fascinated human life to a great extent that imagining a world without these innovations is hardly possible. While technology is on the raising slope, we should also note the increasing immoral activities. With a technical view, "Power Theft" is a non-ignorable crime that is highly prevalent, and at the same time it directly affects the economy of a nation. Data collected over Tirunelveli District, Bhel Trichy proves the necessity of this project.Detecting and eradicating such crimes with the assistance of the developing scientific field is the "Need of the Hour". With these views was this paper conceived and designed. Our paper provides a complete and comprehensive tool to prevent power theft which is very simple to understand and easy to implement(Accepted by T.N.E.B officials). It includes four sections - transmitting, receiving, counter display and processing sections. DESCRIPTION OF OUR IMPLEMENTATION IDEAS:The disc revolutions are sensed into pulses by optical slot sensor. These pulses are shaped and given as control signal to the CMOS switch which bypasses carrier wave generated by PLL provides as input to receiving section where transmitted signal is selected by the Intermediate frequency transformer. For each lock a pulse is sent out. The counter section is designed to send out pulse for every six input pulse from the receiver section. This count is parallely distributed in a 7-segmentdisplay and then to uc for further processing. uc performs the function of indication and identification. Pindetails, features, connections and software employed for uc89c51 are described in detail.We believe our implementation ideas is a boon to the electricity board offering them a chance to detect accurately the location and amount of power theft. Logical view for a digital meter is also included in our presentation.