Spin-metal phase in Mott insulator with two- dimensional triangular antiferromagnets 1. Quantum spin liquid in 2D Recipe. Gapless? Gapped? 2. Thermal-transport study of EtMe 3 Sb[Pd(dmit) 2 ] 2 Finite k/T in the zero-temperature limit M. Y. et al., Science, 328, 1246 (2010) Gapless excitation with long mean free path 3. Magnetic torque Dc remains finite down to 30 mK, 0.5 T →Gapless magnetic excitation 4. Discussion Spin-metal phase? Quantum critical phase? 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 k xx /T (W/K 2 m) 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 T 2 (K 2 ) EtMe 3 Sb (spin liquid) Et 2 Me 2 Sb (phonon) GCOE symposium “Links among Hierarchies”, February 15, 2012 Minoru Yamashita, Kyoto Univ. 0.025 0.020 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.000 M (B /dimer) 40 30 20 10 0 Field (T) h 9 -NIMS d 9 -NIMS h 9 -Grenoble 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Spin-metal phase in Mott insulator with two- 0.2 0Spin-metal phase in Mott insulator with two-dimensional triangular antiferromagnets 1. Quantum spin liquid in 2D Recipe. Gapless?
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Spin-metal phase in Mott insulator with two-dimensional triangular antiferromagnets
1 Quantum spin liquid in 2D Recipe Gapless Gapped
2 Thermal-transport study of EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2
Finite kT in the zero-temperature limit M Y et al Science 328 1246 (2010) Gapless excitation with long mean free path
3 Magnetic torque Dc remains finite down to 30 mK 05 T rarrGapless magnetic excitation
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
bullC Quantum dimer liquid bullD QSL with spinon Fermi surface
bullE Algebraic spin liquid bullF Z2 spin liquid
bullG Spin-Bose-Metal phase bullH None of the above
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
Stable gapless magnetic phase (quantum critical phase) rather than on QCP
Spin-metal phase in Mott insulator
Metal Spin-metal phase (spin liquid)
Mross-Senthil PRB 84 041102(R) (2010)
Both charge and spin can swim Only charges are frozen Mott-insulating transition Spins can still swim Geometrical frustration
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Summary
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
Thermal conductivity and magnetic torque measurement of EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2
Finite kT and long mean free path Finite Dc down to 30 mK DM prop H from almost zero field up to high field
Highly-entangled QSL with gapless magnetic excitation
Spin-metal phase (algebraic spin liquid)
Quantum critical phase rather than on QCP Fermionic excitation (Exotic) bosons
Minoru Yamashita et al Science 328 1246 (2010)
Elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Mag
net
izat
ion
Katsumata et al (1989)
Endoh et al (1974)
S = 12 1D spin chain Gapless Algebraic spin correlation Quantum critical state
S = 1 1D spin chain Haldane gap Exponentially decaying spin correlation
Gapped (Topological spin liquid)
Gapless (Algebraic spin liquid)
What is the elementary excitation characterizing QSL
Experiment
Neutron scattering Not available for organic compound Heat capacity magnetization Impurity problems in low temperature
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
Stable gapless magnetic phase (quantum critical phase) rather than on QCP
Spin-metal phase in Mott insulator
Metal Spin-metal phase (spin liquid)
Mross-Senthil PRB 84 041102(R) (2010)
Both charge and spin can swim Only charges are frozen Mott-insulating transition Spins can still swim Geometrical frustration
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Summary
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
Thermal conductivity and magnetic torque measurement of EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2
Finite kT and long mean free path Finite Dc down to 30 mK DM prop H from almost zero field up to high field
Highly-entangled QSL with gapless magnetic excitation
Spin-metal phase (algebraic spin liquid)
Quantum critical phase rather than on QCP Fermionic excitation (Exotic) bosons
Minoru Yamashita et al Science 328 1246 (2010)
Thermal-transport amp Magnetic torque
Magnetic torque measurement
bullOnly anisotropic susceptibility detected bullIsotropic impurity (free spins) cancelled bullHigh sensitivity ONE single crystal measurement available
kxx Measurement
Thermal conductivity
Selectively sensitive to itinerant excitations Not affected by localized impurity (Schottky anomaly)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples
Stable gapless magnetic phase (quantum critical phase) rather than on QCP
Spin-metal phase in Mott insulator
Metal Spin-metal phase (spin liquid)
Mross-Senthil PRB 84 041102(R) (2010)
Both charge and spin can swim Only charges are frozen Mott-insulating transition Spins can still swim Geometrical frustration
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Summary
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
Thermal conductivity and magnetic torque measurement of EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2
Finite kT and long mean free path Finite Dc down to 30 mK DM prop H from almost zero field up to high field
Highly-entangled QSL with gapless magnetic excitation
Spin-metal phase (algebraic spin liquid)
Quantum critical phase rather than on QCP Fermionic excitation (Exotic) bosons
Minoru Yamashita et al Science 328 1246 (2010)
08
06
04
02
00
kxxT
(W
K2m
)
010008006004002000T
2 (K
2)
EtMe3Sb
(spin liquid)
Et2Me2Sb (phonon)
Thermal conductivity in low temperature
kphonon
~
kT vs T2 plot (T lt 300 mK)
~
kspin
Enhancement of k in spin liquid state
Clear residual of kT
Normally property of metals (comparable to k of Brass WF raw rarr r0 = 13 W∙cm) But this is INSULATOR Evidence for a gapless excitation like electrons in normal metals
M Y Science (2010)
Magnetic torque at High field
M prop H from zero field
Gapless magnetic excitation
Magnetic torque under high magnetic field LNCMI Grenoble amp NIMS
0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Property of magnetically LRO state (Goldstone theorem)
Spin liquid with an algebraic correlation
Magnetic torque at High field
Gapless magnetic excitation 0025
0020
0015
0010
0005
0000
M (
Bd
ime
r)
403020100
Field (T)
h9-NIMS
d9-NIMS
h9-Grenoble
0006
0004
0002
0000543210
T = 30 mK
Gapless magnetic excitation in Quantum spin liquid
EXACTLY on QCP Too nice to believe For both pristine and deuterated samples