Spermatogenesis

SPERMATOGENESISCreated by Aji Santiko

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Definition of Spermatogenesis

Phase formation of spermatozoa

Sperm Structure

Quantity and composition of cement

Definition of Spermatogenesis

• Spermatogenesis is the process of gametogenesis in the male division by meiosis and mitosis. Spermatogenesis occurs in the sperm in the epididymis.

• While a temporary place to store sperm, located in the vas deferens. Spermatogenesis in the testis, specifically in the seminiferous tubules.

• Spermatogenesis includes the maturation of the germinal epithelial cells through a process of cell division and differentiation, which aims to Formatting functional sperm.

• Maturation of cells in the seminiferous tubules, and then stored in the epididymis.Seminiferous tubules consist of a large number of germinal epithelial cells (epithelial cells seed) called spermatogonia (parental cells).

• The process of development of spermatogonia into spermatozoa takes approximately 64 days (more or less 4 days). Spermatogenesis derived from the sperm and genesis (division).

• On spermatogenesis occurs in mitotic and meiotic division. Spermatogenesis is the stage of sperm maturation in the epididymis. Each one spermatogonia will produce four mature sperm.

Seminiferous Tubule

Seminiferous tubule cross-sections

Phase formation of spermatozoa

1. SpermatogeniumSpermatogonia is the first step in spermatogenesis is produced by the testes. Spermatogonia are located adjacent to the tubular basement membrane seminiferous. Spermatogonia proliferate by mitosis and differentiate into primary spermatocytes. Spermatogoium formed from 46 chromosomes and 2N chromatids.

2. Primary SpermatocytesThe primary spermatocytes of spermatogonial mitosis. Primary spermatocytes are formed of 46 chromosomes and 4N chromatids. Each primary spermatocyte division meiosis experience to form two secondary spermatocytes.

3. Secondary SpermatocytesSecondary spermatocyte meiosis of primary spermatocytes is. Secondary spermatocytes are formed from 23 chromosomes and 2N chromatids. At this stage the cleavage occurs in meiosis. Division meiosis in spermatocyte produces four secondary spermatids. The process of formation of secondary spermatocytes, starting away from the primary spermatocytes from the basal lamina, more cytoplasm, and there was the first meiosis to form two secondary spermatocytes, each of which has a chromosome haploid (1N). The first is the process of meiosis immediately followed by cleavage of the second meiosis forms four spermatids each with a haploid chromosome. Spermatids eventually be transformed to form spermatozoa. The process of spermatogenesis is normal but occurs at a temperature lower than body temperature, and the process is also influenced by the Sertoli cells.

4. SpermatidsMeiosis of spermatocytes spermatids are secondary. At this stage of meiosis occurs in the second division. Spermatids are formed from 23 chromosomes and 1N chromatids.

5. SpermThe last stage of spermatogenesis was maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa (sperm). Sperm is the differentiation or maturation of spermatids. At this stage of differentiation occurs. Sperm is made up of 23 chromosomes and chromatids 1N and the mature sperm stage and ready to be issued. At the time of ejaculation, a man can spend 300 to 400 million sperm cells.

Picture Phase Formation Spermatozoa

Cross-sectional diagram of the seminiferous tubules

So when viewed from the stage, the process of spermatogenesis is divided into three stages:1. Spermatocytogenesis

Mitotic spermatogonia into spermatids primary experience, this process be affected by the Sertoli cells, Sertoli cells which provide nutrients to the spermatogonia, so that it can develop into spermatocytes.

2. MeiosisPrimary spermatocyte meiosis I to form spermatocyte experienced secondary and immediate meiosis II is the formation of spermatids from secondary spermatocytes. This process occurs when the primary spermatocytes away from the basal lamina, and cytoplasmic more and more.

3. SpermiogenesisLast stages of sperm formation, which occurs the transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa. This stage consists of four phases: the phase of the Golgi, cap phase. Acrosome phase and maturation phase.

Sperm Structure

Sperm length is 60 um. Mature sperm has one head, one body, and one flagellum (tail):1. Head contains the nucleus and coated acrosome (cap) that contains

necessary to penetrate the ovum. the head of the sperm acrosome are formed from Golgi bodies and hyaluronidase-containing enzyme that functions to lyse the egg shape. In this section there is also the sperm nucleus that stores a number of genetic information that will be passed on to offspring.

2. Bodies contain mitochondria that produce ATP required for the movement.

3. Flagellum wobble resulting motility (ability to move spontaneously) sperm (for swimming). for swimming).

Sperm Structure

Quantity and composition of cement:

1. Ejaculate volume ranged from 1 ml to 10 ml. Average of 3 ml. cement consisting of 90% water and contain 50 to 120 million sperm per ml semen volume reached 5% by volume of cement.

2. Semen ejaculated in a viscous liquid yellowish gray with a ph of 6.8 to 8.8. this fluidcoagulates immediately after ejaculation and melt spontaneously in 15 to 20 minutes.

3. The first part contains spermatozoa ejaculated, epididimal fluid, and secretion of the prostate gland and bulbouretral. The last section contains the premature secretion of the seminal vesicles.

4. Semen contains many substances that are present in blood plasma are also additivesare also added substances such as prostaglandins, proteolytic enzymes, enzymeinhibitors, vitamins, and a number of steroid hormone and gonadotropin concentrations were different from those of blood diplasma.

5. After ejaculation, spermatozoa survive only about 24 to 72 hours in the femalereproductive tract. Sperm can be stored for several days at low temperature or frozen if it will be stored for one year.

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