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Spelling, Vocabulary, and Confusing Words
Letter A- B- C- D- E- F- G- H- I- J- K-L- M-N- O- P-Q- R- S- T- U - V-W- X -Y- Z
Bec!"e #$% &'r(" )$ E$*+)", "'!$( 'r +'' +)e. /re0!e$t+% c!")$* c'$/!")'$. t,)" +)"t &)++
1e 2er% ,e+3/!+4
a vs. an
Rule.U"e a&,e$ t,e /)r"t +etter '/ t,e &'r( /'++'&)$* ," t,e "'!$( '/ c'$"'$$t4 Kee3 )$ #)$( t,t "'#e 2'&e+" "'!$( +)e c'$"'$$t" &,e$t,e%5re "'!$(e( '!t " )$()2)(!+ +etter"4
Examples:
a finger
a hotel
a U-turn63r'$'!$ce( Y'!-t!r$7
a HUD program
a NASA study
Rule.U"e an&,e$ t,e /)r"t +etter '/ t,e &'r( /'++'&)$* ," t,e "'!$( '/ 2'&e+4 Re#e#1er t,t "'#e c'$"'$$t" "'!$( +)e 2'&e+" &,e$ t,e%5re"3'e$ " )$()2)(!+ +etter"4
Examples:
an FBI case6F)" 3r'$'!$ce( ef,ere7
an honor6H)" ")+e$t ,ere7
an unusual idea
an HMO plan 6H)" 3r'$'!$ce( aitch,ere7
an NAA! con"ention 6N )" 3r'$'!$ce( en,ere7
Dec)()$* &,et,er t' !"e a'r an1e/'re 11re2)t)'$" c$ 1e tr)c%4 T,e11re2)t)'$ /'r Fre0!e$t+% 8"e( Q!e"t)'$" 6F8Q7 c!"e" c'$/!")'$
1ec!"e )t c$ 1e 3r'$'!$ce( " &'r( 6/7. 'r '$e +etter t t)#e 6F-8-Q74 U")$* t,e *!)(e+)$e" 1'2e. '$e &'!+( "% a FA#&,e$ )t )"3r'$'!$ce( " '$e &'r(. $( an FA#&,e$ )t )" 3r'$'!$ce( '$e +etter t t)#e4
accept t' *ree9 t' rece)2e
except 1!t. &)t, t,e e:ce3t)'$ t,t
http://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-b.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-b.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-c.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-c.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-d.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-e.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-e.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-f.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-g.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-h.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-h.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-i.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-i.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-j.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-k.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-l.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-l.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-m.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-n.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-n.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-n.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-o.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-p.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-q.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-q.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-q.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-r.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-r.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-s.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-t.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-t.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-v.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-w.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-w.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-y.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-c.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-d.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-e.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-f.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-g.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-h.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-i.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-j.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-k.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-l.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-m.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-n.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-o.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-p.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-q.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-r.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-s.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-t.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-v.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-w.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-y.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/homonyms/confusing-words-letter-b.asp7/27/2019 Spelling, Vocabulary, And Confusing Words
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ad (2ert)"e#e$t
add t' 3er/'r# (()t)'$
ades /r!)t (r)$"
aides 3e'3+e &,' ,e+39 "")"t$t"
A!S cr'$%# /'r 8c0!)re( I##!$e De/)c)e$c% S%$(r'#e
aids ,e+3". "")"t"
adverse
!$/'rt!$te9 "tr'$*+% '33'"e( 6re/er" t' t,)$*". $'t 3e'3+e7
Examples:an ad"erse reaction to the medication
ad"erse $eather conditions
averse,2)$* re3!*$$ce 6re/er" t' 3e'3+e7
Example:He is a"erse to a military draft%
advice6$'!$7 rec'##e$(t)'$
advise62er17 t,e ct '/ *)2)$* rec'##e$(t)'$
affect vs. effect
Rule ".U"e effect&,e$ %'! #e$ &ring a&out'r &rought a&out'cause'rcaused%
Example:He effected a commotion in the cro$d%
Meaning:He c!"e( c'##'t)'$ )$ t,e cr'&(4
Rule #.U"e effect&,e$ %'! #e$ result%
Example:(hat effect did that speech ha"e)
Rule $.8+"' !"e effect&,e$e2er $% '/ t,e"e &'r(" 3rece(e )t; a' an' any'the' ta*e' into' no%T,e"e &'r(" #% 1e "e3rte( /r'# effect1% $(
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ale #+t 1e2er*e #'re 1)tter t,$ 1eer
air &,t &e 1ret,e
err #e #)"te
'eir '$e &,' )$,er)t" "'#et,)$*
aisle 3""*e&%(ll c'$trct)'$ /'rI $ill
isle "#++ )"+$(
all e$t)re. e2er%t,)$*
a)l t''+
allot t' 3rce+ '!t
a lot +&%" t&' &'r(" #e$)$* many
allo)ed *2e 3er#)"")'$ t'
aloud ")( '!t +'!(9 "3'e$
all ready#e$" all are ready
Example:(e are all ready to go%
alreadyre/er" t' t)#e
Example:Is it summer already)
all toget'erre/er" t' *r'!39 ++ '/ !" 'r ++ '/ t,e# t'*et,er
Example:It is $onderful to &e all together to cele&rate your &irthday%
altoget'ere$t)re+%
Example:It is not altogether his fault%
altar3e(e"t+. !"!++% re+)*)'!"
Example:+hey e,changed $edding "o$s at the altar of the church%
alter
t' #'()/%
Example:!lease dont alter your plans until $e ha"e the final scheduleappro"ed%
alludet' re/er )$()rect+%
Example:He alluded to his past as a spy%
elude2')( c3t!re
Example:+he fugiti"e eluded the police for a month%
illude#)"+e(
Example:He illuded her a&out his age%
allusion $ )$()rect #e$t)'$ '/ "'#et,)$*
illusion /+"e 3erce3t)'$
ambiguous t' ,2e #'re t,$ '$e #e$)$*
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Example:+he la$ $as am&iguous%
ambivalentt' ,2e #):e( /ee+)$*"
Example:She is am&i"alent a&out her $edding dress%
amicable /r)e$(+% 6re/er" t' t,)$*". $'t 3e'3+e7
amiable/r)e$(+% 6re/er" t' 3e'3+e7
Example:+he amia&le couple had an amica&le di"orce%
among)$2'+2e" t,ree 'r #'re
Example:(ho among us has not lied)
bet)een)$2'+2e"
anxious
t' ,2e $:)et% 'r &'rr%
Example:She is an,ious a&out ta*ing the test%
eagere:c)te(
Example: She is eager to get a puppy%
any more"'#et,)$* (()t)'$+ 'r /!rt,er
Example:It didn.t rain any more this year than last year%
anymore$% +'$*er. $'&(%"
Example:Harry doesn.t tra"el anymore%
appraise t' 3!t 2+!e '$ "'#et,)$*apprise t' $'t)/%
arc rc,. cre"ce$t. ,+/ #''$
ar* 2e""e+ 'r re/!*e
ascent6$'!$7 #'2e#e$t !3&r(
assent6$'!$ 'r 2er17 e$t,!")"t)c *ree#e$t9 t' *ree
consent *ree#e$t
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assistance6$'!$7 ,e+3
assistants6$'!$7 3e'3+e &,' ,e+3
assumption $ )(e $'t 1"e( '$ e2)(e$ce
presumption $ )(e 1"e( '$ e2)(e$ce
assure t' 3r'#)"e 'r "% &)t, c'$/)(e$ceensure t' #e "!re "'#et,)$* &)++=&'$>t ,33e$
insure t' )""!e $ )$"!r$ce 3'+)c%
ate 3"t te$"e '/eat
eig't t,e $!#1er /terse"en
aural ,2)$* t' (' &)t, ,er)$*
oral ,2)$* t' (' &)t, t,e #'!t,
averse 6"ee ad"erse7
a)ed )$ "tte '/ #?e#e$t
odd !$!"!+9 '33'")te '/e"en&,e$ re/err)$* t' $!#1er"
aye %e"
eye 'r*$ '$e "ee" &)t,
3r'$'!$
bald ,2)$* $' ,)r
ba)led cr)e(
ball "3,ere
ba)l t' cr% 'r &)+ +'!(+%
band *r'!3. "'#et)#e" *r'!3 '/ #!")c)$"
banned /'r1)((e$
bare $e(. !$c'$ce+e(. 3+)$
bear t,e $)#+
base t,e 1'tt'#9 2!+*r9 ,e(0!rter" 6")$*!+r7
bass+'& 2'c+ 'r )$"tr!#e$t+ r$*e 63r'$'!$ce( +)e lace79 t%3e '/ /)",63r'$'!$ce( +)e lass7
based 1e (e3e$(e$t 'r "!33'rte(
baste t' #')"te$9 t' cr)t)c)?e 'r +", '!t tbases6$'!$.
2er17,e(0!rter" 63+!r+ '/ &ase79 1!)+(" '$
basis6$'!$7 /'!$(t)'$9 1e+)e/
be t' e:)"t 'r +)2e
bee )$"ect
beac' "$(% re &)t, &ter
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beec' t%3e '/ tree &)t, "#''t,. *r% 1r
beatt' "tr)e 2)'+e$t+%9 t' /+!tter 'r /+39 t' 3'!$( " &)t, (r!#9 t' (e/et9 t' "t)r
2)*'r'!"+%
beet 3+$t &)t, /+e",% re( 'r &,)te r''t
beau 1'%/r)e$( 63r'$'!$ce( +)e o$e7
boug'6$'!$7 1r$c, '/ tree 63r'$'!$ce( +)e co$7
bo)6$'!$7 3rt '/ "et &)t, rr'&" 63r'$'!$ce( +)e o$e7
bo)6$'!$.
2er17
1't /r'$t. #+e>" /'r# '/ c!rt"%. 1e$()$* t t,e &)"t9 c'#3+% 63r'$'!$ce( +)e
co$7
because vs.
since
Rule.Because $(sincec$ 1e !"e( +#'"t )$terc,$*e1+% +t,'!*, &ecause+&%" )$()cte" c!"e $( e//ect $(since)" !"e( /'r re+t)'$",)3 'r t)#e4
Example:Since I ha"e some e,tra money' I $ill &uy shoes%6$'t c!"e $( e//ect7
Example:I $ill go to the game &ecause my daughter is on the team%6c!"e $(
e//ect7
Example:I ha"e $anted to tal* to you since yesterday%6t)#e7
been /'r# '/ &e!"e( &)t, has'r ha"e
bin c'$t)$er
bell c,)#e 'r +r#9 ")*$+
belle 1e!t)/!+ 'r c,r#)$* &'#$
bert' 1't ('c9 1e(r''# 'r 1e(
birt' 1e)$* 1'r$9 1e*)$$)$*
better '/ ,)*,er 0!+)t%bettor "'#e'$e &,' 3+ce" 1et"
bet)een 6"ee among7
biannual t&)ce %er
biennial e2er% t&' %er"
semiannual t&)ce %er 6"#e " &iannual7
bite t' !"e '$e5" teet, t' ter /''(
byte c'#3!ter ter# /'r e)*,t 1)t" '/ )$/'r#t)'$
billed c,r*e( /ee
build c'$"tr!ct
ble) 3"t te$"e '/&lo$
blue t,e c'+'r
bloc *r'!3 !$)te( /'r 3rt)c!+r 3!r3'"e
bloc* c)t% "treet9 c!1e-",3e( '1
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board 3)ece '/ &''(9 *r'!3 '/ 3e'3+e
bored !$)$tere"te(
boarder "'#e'$e &,' 3%" /'r r''# $( /''(
border 3er)#eter9 1'!$(r%
bode 3re()ctbo)ed 1e$t 63r'$'!$ce( +)e o$ed7
bold (r)$*
bo)led t' ,2e *'$e 1'&+)$*9 $'ce( '2er
bolder #'re (r)$*
boulder +r*e r'c
boos "'!$(" #(e 1% ()"33r'2)$* !()e$ce
boo+e +c','+
boug' 6"ee &eau7
bo) 6"ee &eau7boy #+e c,)+(
buoy $2+ 1ec'$ 'r #rer
bra*e "t'3
brea* "e3rte )$t' 3)ece"
bread /''(9 "+$* /'rmoney
bred 3"t te$"e '/&reed9 r)"e(
bre)ed /er#e$te(
brood62er1.$'!$7
#!++ '2er9 c+!"ter 'r /#)+%
bre)s /er#e$t"
bruise 1+c-$(-1+!e #r. c'$t!")'$
bridal re+t)$* t' 1r)(e"
bridle ,r$e"". !"!++% /'r ,'r"e
bring %'! 1r)$* "'#et,)$* t'&r("
ta*e %'! te "'#et,)$* &%
broac' t' r)"e t'3)c
brooc' 1!1+e9 3)ece '/
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bye ",'rt /'rgood&ye
cac'e ,)((e$ "t",
cas' #'$e%
calendar c,rt '/ (%" $( #'$t,"
colander ")e2e t' (r)$ '// +)0!)("
can 1+e t'
may 3er#)"")'$ t'
cannon +r*e. #'!$te( *!$
canon r!+e. c'##$(#e$t
canvas &$)$* c+'t,. tr3
canvass t' 3'++9 3'++
capital ""et"9 e""e$t)+9 #)$ c)t%
capitol "tte,'!"e
carat !$)t '/ &e)*,t )$ *e#"t'$e"
caret 3r''/re()$* #r t' ",'& )$"ert)'$ 6@7
carrot e()1+e r''t
*arat !$)t /'r #e"!r)$* t,e /)$e$e"" '/ *'+(
cast6$'!$. 2er17 *r'!3 '/ ct'r"9 t' t,r'&
caste "'c)+ c+"". r)*)( "%"te# '/ "'c)+ ()"t)$ct)'$"
cay "#++. +'& )"+$( 6+"' "3e++e( *ey7
*ey "#++. +'& )"+$(9 )$"tr!#e$t /'r '3e$)$* +'c"uay 63r'$'!$ce(*ey7 &,r/. ('c. 3)er
cede t' "!rre$(er
seed re3r'(!ct)2e *er#
cell 3r)"'$ r''#9 1")c "tr!ct!r+ !$)t '/ $ 'r*$)"#
sell t' e:c,$*e /'r #'$e%
censor62er1. $'!$7()"++'&9 3er"'$ &,' ()"++'&"
Example:+he soldiers letters $ere censored &efore mailing%
censure
t' ()"33r'2e '/9 cr)t)c)?e "tr'$*+%
Example:+he children $ere censured &y the principal%
sensor (e2)ce t,t #e"!re" ,et. +)*,t. etc4 $( tr$"#)t" ")*$+ t' c'$tr'+ 'r
#e"!r)$* )$"tr!#e$t
cent 3e$$%
scent "#e++. r'#
sent tr$"#)tte(
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cereal 1re/"t /''(
serial "er)e" 'r rr%
c'ance cc)(e$t6+7
c'ants c,'r!". #e+'(%
c'ased &e$t /terc'aste 3!re. 2)r*)$+
c'e)s ,'& '$e et" /''( &)t, teet,
c'oose t' 3)c
c'ildis' )##t!re
c'ildli*e )$$'ce$t
C'ile c'!$tr% )$ S'!t, 8#er)c
c'ili t%3e '/ 3e33er9 ()", &)t, 3e33er" )$ )t
c'illy c'+(. 1r)"
c'oral 6(
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clot'es 33re+
coarse r'!*,. +c)$* )$ /)$e$e"" '/ te:t!re9 cr!(e
course c+""9 3t,
colander 6"ee calendar7
colonel $ '//)cer )$ t,e #)+)tr%*ernel "ee(
complement c'#3+et)$* 3rt '/ $ 'r(er
compliment 3r)"e
confidant "'#e'$e c'$/)(e( )$
confident cert)$. "!re
connotet' "!**e"t. )#3+%
Example:A gro$ling dog connotes danger%
denote
t' 1e ")*$ '/
Example:ertain clouds denote rain on the $ay%
consent 6"ee assent7
continualre3ete( 1!t &)t, 1re" )$ 1et&ee$9 c,r'$)c
Example:+he continual pro&lem of our car not starting forced us to sell it%
continuous&)t,'!t )$terr!3t)'$ )$ $ !$1r'e$ "tre# '/ t)#e 'r "3ce
Example:+he continuous dripping of the faucet dro"e me cra/y%
core ce$ter 'r cr!c)+ 3rt
corps tr)$e( *r'!3
corpse (e( 1'(%
cosign t' ")*$ +'$* &)t,
cosine tr)*'$'#etr% ter#
council *r'!3 '/ 3e'3+e #eet)$* /'r 3!r3'"e
counsel62er1.
$'!$7(2)"e9 (2)ce. $ tt'r$e%
crea* "'!$(
cree* "tre#
cre)s #$% *r'!3"
cruise tr)3 'r 2ct)'$ 1% "e
criteria 3+!r+ '/ criterion
criterion "t$(r( /'r e2+!t)$* 'r te"t)$* "'#et,)$*
cue ,)$t9 "t)#!+!"
ueue +)$e '/ 3e'3+e &)t)$*
currant t%3e '/ "#++ 1err%
current !3 t' (te
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curser "'#e'$e &,' "&er" 'r &)",e" #)"/'rt!$e '$ $'t,er
cursor 1+)$)$* "%#1'+ )$()ct)$* 3'")t)'$ '$ c'#3!ter "cree$
dam 1rr)er '1"tr!ct)$* t,e /+'& '/ +)0!)(
damn "&er &'r( 'r c!r"e
dammed 1+'ce( /r'# /+'&)$*
damned (''#e(
days t&e$t%-/'!r-,'!r 3er)'(" '/ t)#e
da+e t' "t!$ 'r '2er&,e+#
dear //ect)'$te ter#
deer t,e $)#+
denote 6"ee connote7
desert6$'!$. 2er17 (e"'+te re9 t' 1$('$
dessert e:trs/'r "!*r% tret
desperate +'"t ++ ,'3e. )$ (e"3)r
disparate e$t)re+% ()"")#)+r
device6$'!$7 $ )$2e$t)'$
devise62er17 t' )$2e$t
de) c'$(e$"t)'$ )$ t,e #'r$)$*
do t' te ct)'$
due '&e( 1% cert)$ (te
die t' ce"e t' +)2e9 t,e ")$*!+r '/ dice
dye t' "t)$ 'r c'+'r !")$* $ *e$t
different from
vs.
different t'an
vs.
differently t'an
Rule.U"e different from notdifferent than%
Example:+he $eather $as different from $hat $e e,pected%
Y'! #% !"e differently than&,e$ c+!"e 3rece(e" $( /'++'&" t,ee:3re"")'$4
Example:He $or*s differently than she does%
discreet cre/!+. c'$/)(e$t)+
discrete )$()2)(!+. ()"t)$ct
discussed t+e( '2er
disgust re3!+")'$
does /e#+e (eer 63+!r+7 63r'$'!$ce( +)ehose7
does /'r# '/ to do63r'$'!$ce( +)efu//7
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doug's !$1e( +'2e" '/ 1re(
do+e t' "+ee3
dual t&'-/'+(
duel /)*,t
eager 6"ee an,ious7
effect 6"ee affect7
e.g.
/'r e:#3+e
Example:My li"ing e,penses ha"e increased' e%g%' rent'food' and utilities%
i.e.
t,t )". )$ 't,er &'r("
Example:My li"ing e,penses ha"e drained my finances'i%e%' I ha"e less money in the &an* at the end of e"ery
month%
eig't 6"ee ate7
elicit e2'e. e:trct. (r& '!t
illicit )++e*+
elude 6"ee allude7
elusive()//)c!+t t' (e"cr)1e. e2")2e
Example:+he point of the no"el is elusi"e to me%
illusive
3+!")1+e 'r 3'"")1+e9 (ece3t)2e
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illude 6"ee allude7illusion 6"ee allusion7
illusive 6"ee elusi"e7
immigrate 6"ee emigrate7
imply t' )$()cte &)t,'!t 1e)$* e:3+)c)t
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ingenuous $)2e 'r ")#3+e
innocence t' 1e &)t,'!t *!)+t
innocents 3e'3+e &,' re &)t,'!t *!)+t
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irregardless $' "!c, &'r( e:)"t"
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isle 6"ee aisle7
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