Speed Dating You are to research your randomly assigned psychologist using the guide below (#1) You are to research your randomly assigned psychologist.

Speed DatingSpeed Dating You are to research your randomly assigned You are to research your randomly assigned

psychologist using the guide below (#1)psychologist using the guide below (#1) Bring with you to class:Bring with you to class: 1. A notecard (or notecard size paper) with the 1. A notecard (or notecard size paper) with the

essential information from your research. essential information from your research. The psychologist’s name, details of their research The psychologist’s name, details of their research

and/or importance, what school of thought (cognitive, and/or importance, what school of thought (cognitive, behaviorist, psychoanalytic) if appropriate, etc. behaviorist, psychoanalytic) if appropriate, etc. Basically, its a cheat-sheet to ensure you cover all the Basically, its a cheat-sheet to ensure you cover all the relevant information and correctly represent yourself.relevant information and correctly represent yourself.

2. A prop of some kind to represent your research. 2. A prop of some kind to represent your research. For example, Phil Zimbardo who did the prison study For example, Phil Zimbardo who did the prison study

(among many others) could bring a guy behind bars (among many others) could bring a guy behind bars (made out of clay, a picture, a drawing) For Pavlov a (made out of clay, a picture, a drawing) For Pavlov a stuffed dog with a jingle bell, etc.... Be creative.stuffed dog with a jingle bell, etc.... Be creative.

Stop & Look & ListenStop & Look & Listen

History and History and ApproachesApproachesWhat do we Know about What do we Know about

Psychology?Psychology?

What is Psychology?What is Psychology?

Complete QuestionnaireComplete Questionnaire

Please select True or False for Each Please select True or False for Each Question (use what you know to the Question (use what you know to the best of your ability) best of your ability)

How did you feel after taking the How did you feel after taking the test? How well do you think you did? test? How well do you think you did? How did you know the information How did you know the information that you did? that you did?

PSEUDOSCIENCEPSEUDOSCIENCE Promises easy fixes to Promises easy fixes to

life’s problems and life’s problems and challengeschallengesLoveLoveUnhappinessUnhappinessGet both halves of your brain Get both halves of your brain

workingworking

Pseudoscience Pseudoscience

NUMEROLOGYNUMEROLOGY

Do You Believe?Do You Believe?

Do you believe in astrology, psychics, Do you believe in astrology, psychics, numerology, graphology?numerology, graphology?

Why or why not? Why or why not?

FORTUNE-TELLING/PSYCHICSFORTUNE-TELLING/PSYCHICS

PSYCHIC FAILSPSYCHIC FAILS

Sylvia Browne – most noted psychic predicated Sylvia Browne – most noted psychic predicated 2005- Saddam Hussein would die before his trial 2005- Saddam Hussein would die before his trial

Wrote of John Ritter- “Having a Virgo sun sign helps Wrote of John Ritter- “Having a Virgo sun sign helps keep his career ticking”keep his career ticking”

Published hours after Ritter died of a ruptured AortaPublished hours after Ritter died of a ruptured Aorta

Linda & Terry JamisonLinda & Terry Jamison

"We are seeing terrorist "We are seeing terrorist

attacks on federal attacks on federal

government – excuse me, government – excuse me,

federal buildings. Particularly federal buildings. Particularly

South Carolina or Georgia, by South Carolina or Georgia, by

July 2002. And also the New July 2002. And also the New

York Trade Center – the World York Trade Center – the World

Trade Center in 2002, with Trade Center in 2002, with

something, with a terrorist something, with a terrorist

attack. attack.

What is Psychology?What is Psychology?

What Fields Can A Psychologist go into?

What kind of different fields What kind of different fields can you get into with a Psych can you get into with a Psych Degree? Degree?

You & a Partner will be You & a Partner will be assigned a field. assigned a field. Research it (what they do, where Research it (what they do, where

they work) they work) Come up with a skit to show an Come up with a skit to show an

example of why you would need example of why you would need such a psychologist such a psychologist

Ex: If you’re a sports psych. Ex: If you’re a sports psych. You can do a skit of a kid You can do a skit of a kid playing a sport and then playing a sport and then something happenssomething happens

Be ready to present on Friday (skit Be ready to present on Friday (skit first, then explanation)first, then explanation)

Careers in Careers in PsychologyPsychology

PsychologistPsychologist

Need a doctorate graduate Need a doctorate graduate degreedegree

May take 4-6 years to earn May take 4-6 years to earn a doctorate in a subfielda doctorate in a subfield

Clinical PsychologistClinical Psychologist

Diagnose and treat patients Diagnose and treat patients with psychological with psychological problemsproblemsDay to day issues Day to day issues

Largest number of Largest number of professional psychologistsprofessional psychologists

Basic Research/ Experimental Basic Research/ Experimental PsychologistPsychologist

Pure science or researchPure science or researchResearch for the sake of finding new Research for the sake of finding new

information and expanding the knowledge information and expanding the knowledge base of psychologybase of psychology

Conducts research in a lab Conducts research in a lab

NeuropsychologistNeuropsychologist

Also called biological Also called biological psychologists or psychologists or biopsychologistsbiopsychologists

Explore how the brain Explore how the brain worksworks

Most often work in Most often work in university/college settingsuniversity/college settings

Social PsychologistSocial Psychologist Explore how Explore how

behaviors, feelings, behaviors, feelings, and beliefs are and beliefs are influenced by othersinfluenced by others

Study conformity, Study conformity, attitudes, leadership, attitudes, leadership, prejudice, group prejudice, group behavior, etc.behavior, etc.

Work in the business Work in the business setting, government, setting, government, and universitiesand universities

Developmental PsychologistDevelopmental PsychologistStudy the growth or development that Study the growth or development that

takes place from the womb to deathtakes place from the womb to deathWork in senior centers, hospitals, day-Work in senior centers, hospitals, day-

cares or universitiescares or universities

Cognitive PsychologistCognitive Psychologist

Study thought processes including Study thought processes including intelligence, problem solving, attention, intelligence, problem solving, attention, decision making, language, etc.decision making, language, etc.

Work in educational settings and the Work in educational settings and the business worldbusiness world

Forensic PsychologistForensic Psychologist

Apply law and psychology Apply law and psychology to legal issuesto legal issues

Studies Actions and Motives Studies Actions and Motives of criminals of criminals

Work in correctional Work in correctional settings, law enforcement, settings, law enforcement, and academic settingsand academic settings

Sports PsychologistSports Psychologist

Explore psychological Explore psychological issues in improving issues in improving athletic performance as athletic performance as well as recovering well as recovering from a loss or injury from a loss or injury

Work for sports teams Work for sports teams or in private practiceor in private practice

Educational PsychologistEducational Psychologist

Study how humans Study how humans learn and how to learn and how to improve the learning improve the learning processprocess

Search for ways to improve educational systems

Memory Rewards/punishment

for achievement Work in school Work in school

systems, the systems, the government, or at government, or at universitiesuniversities

PSYCHOMETRIC PSYCHOLOGIST

Design and evaluate tests of mental abilities, aptitudes, interests, and personality

School PsychologistSchool PsychologistUse psychology to improve the Use psychology to improve the

development of children in the school development of children in the school systemsystem

Are involved in assessments (testing)Are involved in assessments (testing)Work for school systems, the Work for school systems, the

government or universitiesgovernment or universities

Consumer PsychologistConsumer Psychologist

Study why people buy certain products Study why people buy certain products and not othersand not others

Work in the business or academic worldWork in the business or academic world

Rehabilitation PsychologistRehabilitation Psychologist

Help those who have been involved in Help those who have been involved in an accident or have been illan accident or have been ill

Work in medical rehabilitation centersWork in medical rehabilitation centers

Social WorkerSocial Worker

Only have an undergraduate or masters Only have an undergraduate or masters degree in psychology or social workdegree in psychology or social work

Work to improve the lives of othersWork to improve the lives of othersWork for the government, schools, and Work for the government, schools, and

residential facilitiesresidential facilities

INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL

Try to apply psychology to help Try to apply psychology to help business and organizations operatebusiness and organizations operateBehavior at the workplaceGroup decision makingEmployee moraleWork motivationProductivityJob stressPersonnel selectionMarketing strategies

Where do Psychologists work?

36% -Academic Institutions 22% - Clinical Settings (Private

Practice)17% - Hospitals and Clinics12% - Business and Government6% - Counseling and Guidance Centers5% - School Systems1% - Other

Practice Question #1 Practice Question #1 1. Martha is pursuing a career in 1. Martha is pursuing a career in

psychology. She wants to help psychology. She wants to help employees become more productive employees become more productive in the workplace. Which field of in the workplace. Which field of psychology should Martha select for psychology should Martha select for school?school?

a.a. PhysiologicalPhysiologicalb.b. CognitiveCognitivec.c. EducationalEducationald.d. ClinicalClinicale.e. Industrial-organizationalIndustrial-organizational

What is Psychology?What is Psychology?

↓↓Root Root WordsWords↓↓

PsychePsyche: the soul: the soul

OlogyOlogy: the study of : the study of

What is What is psychology?psychology?

The scientific study of The scientific study of behavior & mental processesbehavior & mental processes

ScienceScience: making verifiable, : making verifiable, objective predictionsobjective predictions

BehaviorBehavior: observable acts: observable actsMental ProcessesMental Processes: storing, : storing, recalling, using info/feelingsrecalling, using info/feelings

What is Psychology?What is Psychology?

Affected by (response to)Affected by (response to)Physical statePhysical stateMental stateMental stateExternal environmentExternal environment

Hippocrates & Aristotle Hippocrates & Aristotle

Greek philosopher: Greek philosopher: Founder of modern Founder of modern medicine medicine

Brain is ultimate source Brain is ultimate source of (feelings such as of (feelings such as pleasure and pain pleasure and pain (Biological perspective)(Biological perspective)

- - Use senses to get Use senses to get information information - Use information to solve - Use information to solve problemsproblems- motivated to act in good - motivated to act in good or bad waysor bad ways

Historical Origins of Psychology

Rene DescartesTrue knowledge comes through reasoning

Heredity provides individuals with inborn knowledge and abilities and we use this to reason

We are to doubt everything – that’s the only way we can be certain about anything

I think, therefore I am (because we think, we exist)

Historical Origins of Psychology

John LockeSaw the mind as

receptive and passive, with its main goal as sensing and perceiving

Tabula rasa – we are born as a blank slate,everything we know is learned

Who’s Right????Who’s Right????

Practice Question #2Practice Question #21. Which of the following characterizes 1. Which of the following characterizes

a behavioral approach to a behavioral approach to psychology?psychology?

a.a. A study of the unconscious motives involved in A study of the unconscious motives involved in behaviorbehavior

b.b. An introspective study of mental imagery used An introspective study of mental imagery used in problem solvingin problem solving

c.c. An analysis of the neurons involved in memory An analysis of the neurons involved in memory storagestorage

d.d. The use of a projective test to assess The use of a projective test to assess personalitypersonality

e.e. A study of how reinforcement affects learningA study of how reinforcement affects learning

Psychological Psychological Perspectives Perspectives

Why is a person the way they Why is a person the way they are? Depends on who you are? Depends on who you

ask…ask…

I’m gonna need 6 participants

The Blind Men & The Elephant

The Father of PsychologyWilhelm Wundt

Opened 1st Psychology lab (1879)

- Germany

Est. Psych as a Science

- lab experiments- empirical

evidence

Could you hang with Wilheim Could you hang with Wilheim Wundt?Wundt?

Wilhelm Wundt’s Volunteers had to make Wilhelm Wundt’s Volunteers had to make 10,000 practice observations about 10,000 practice observations about themselves before considered for studiesthemselves before considered for studies

Come up with 50 observations about Come up with 50 observations about thoughts, sensations, images, and thoughts, sensations, images, and feelings. 5 minutes feelings. 5 minutes Who thinks they can do more?Who thinks they can do more?Nothing can be repeatedNothing can be repeated

The Father of Psychology

Wilhelm WundtFocus on consciousness

consciousness could be broken down (or reduced) to its basic elements

IntrospectionSelf-observation: ‘seeing’ mental processes in immediate experience

record thoughts, sensations, feeling, and images and to analyze them when you are experiencing something

Reactions to simple stimuli

The First Schools of Psychology

Structuralism (what happened, what is there)sensation & perception and breaking those

down into minute detailEdward Bradford Titchner (Wundt’s student)Three basic mental elements

Images, feelings & sensations1. Introspection2.Wanted to understand the structural elements

of the mind (FEELING)a. Mind operates by combining subjective

emotions and objective sensations

The First Schools of Psychology

Functionalism 1890 (how and why did it happen)

Applying Darwin’s theory of natural selection to mental processes (what was the purpose of thinking?)

William James (Father of American Psychology)How and why (purpose) of behavior

The nose is structured to smell, but why do we need the nose to smell?? What’s its function?

Other Early Schools of Psychology

Gestalt psychology (1890)Wholes vs. multiple individual elementsA whole is greater than the sum of it’s partsExamine a person’s who experience

Don’t dissect an experience into separate elements to discover truths – instead, look at the ‘whole’

WHAT DO YOU SEE??

Next slide

Autumn by Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1573)

How does this painting illustrate Gestalt Psychology??

What do you see when you see this car?

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Austrian physician, and his followers emphasized the importance of the

unconscious mind and its effects on human behavior.

‘Modern’ Schools of Psychology

Freud’s Psychodynamic (Psychoanalytic) Theory (20th century)Conscious vs. unconscious conflicts

Behavior results from unconscious drives & conflicts

memories of which we are not aware & cannot control especially sexual drives from childhood

Behaviorism Pioneered by Ivan

Pavlov (1849-1936) CLASSICAL

CONDITIONING = behavior as the product of prior experience famous experiment where he

rang a bell every time he fed some dogs, the dogs would salivate with the food. Eventually the dogs began salivating when Pavlov rang the bell

Unintentional (studying the digestion of dogs)

John B. Watson (1878-1958)

First to use the term ‘behaviorism’ (founder)Famous experiment

with Little Albert (1920)

Emotions like fear could be conditioned

Science of behavior

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

Huge influence onbehaviorism

Introduced the idea of REINFORCEMENT, and Operant ConditioningBehavior is a result

of reinforcement & punishment

Behavioral Perspective All Behavior is LEARNED

Modeling Imitating Reinforcements “You are what you learned”

Focuses on OBSERVABLE behaviors over inner experiences. Only cares about the behaviors that

get in the way of our living, and attempts to change them.

If you bit your fingernails when you were nervous, a behaviorist would not focus on calming you down, but rather focus on how to stop you from biting your nails.

Nature v. Nurture

NATUREwe are born

the way we areGenetics and

hormones explain behavior

Biology

NURTUREwe are raised

a certain wayEnvironmental

factors explain behavior

Experience

Am I the way I am because I was born that way or because of my surroundings?

Nature v. Nurture

Can I ever be like these people, or does nature give me limitations?

Biological Perspective

impact of biology on our behaviorhow the brain, nervous system, hormones, & genetics influence our behavior

referred to as psychobiologists

Neuroscience/Biological Perspective

If you could not remember the names of your parents and went to a psychologist

who adheres to the neuroscience perspective,

what might they say?

Cognitive PerspectiveCognitive = Thinkinghow we process, store,

and use information how info. influences our

thinking, language, reasoning, problem solving, and creativity

Behavior influenced by mental processes, perceptions, beliefs memories & expectations

Cognitive Perspective

How do we see the world?

How did we learn to act to sad or happy events?

Cognitive Therapist attempt to change the way you think.

Meet girl Get Rejected by girl

Did you learn to be depressed

Or get back on the horse

Humanistic PsychologyIndividual or self-directed choices

influence our behaviorReaching our full potential SELF

ACTUALIZATIONThe environment and other outside forces simply serve as a

background to our own internal growth

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow “Hierarchy of Needs”

Humanistic Perspective

Focuses on positive growthAttempt to seek self-actualizationTherapists use active listening and

unconditional positive regard.

Mr. Rogers would have made a great Humanistic Therapist!!!

Socio-cultural Perspective

Studying the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioningRules, Roles, Social Norms &

Groups

Social-Cultural Perspective

Even in the same high school, behaviors can change in accordance to the various subcultures.

Evolutionary Psychology

Charles DarwinAll behavior stems from survival of

the fittestInstinctual behaviorMotivated to spread genetic material

Practice Question #2Practice Question #21. Which of the following characterizes 1. Which of the following characterizes

a behavioral approach to a behavioral approach to psychology?psychology?

a.a. A study of the unconscious motives involved in A study of the unconscious motives involved in behaviorbehavior

b.b. An introspective study of mental imagery used An introspective study of mental imagery used in problem solvingin problem solving

c.c. An analysis of the neurons involved in memory An analysis of the neurons involved in memory storagestorage

d.d. The use of a projective test to assess The use of a projective test to assess personalitypersonality

e.e. A study of how reinforcement affects learningA study of how reinforcement affects learning

Practice Question #2Practice Question #2

#2. Of the following topics, which #2. Of the following topics, which would a cognitive psychologist be would a cognitive psychologist be most likely to study?most likely to study?

a.a. Conformity behavior of college studentsConformity behavior of college students

b.b. Genetic determinants of behaviorGenetic determinants of behavior

c.c. Problem-solving strategies in chessProblem-solving strategies in chess

d.d. Personnel selection problemsPersonnel selection problems

e.e. Maturational processes in adolescent Maturational processes in adolescent developmentdevelopment

Practice Question #3Practice Question #3

1. John B. Watson is best known as 1. John B. Watson is best known as the founder of the founder of

a.a. BehaviorismBehaviorism

b.b. FunctionalismFunctionalism

c.c. RationalismRationalism

d.d. StructuralismStructuralism

e.e. Mechanism Mechanism

Perspectives Through MusicPerspectives Through Music

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uzK3VwzraM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yg05svXp98

Which perspective does this music Which perspective does this music video represent and why/how?video represent and why/how?