i SPEED CONTROL OF PNEUMATIC CYLINDER USING ON/OFF VALVE AND PWM SITI AMIRAH BINTI MOHD PADLI This report is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Electronics) with Honours Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) June 2016
24
Embed
SPEED CONTROL OF PNEUMATIC CYLINDER USING …eprints.utem.edu.my/18011/1/Speed Control Of PNEUMATIC Cylinder... · BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA ... Solenoid valve
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
i
SPEED CONTROL OF PNEUMATIC CYLINDER USING ON/OFF VALVE AND PWM
SITI AMIRAH BINTI MOHD PADLI
This report is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Electronics) with Honours
Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering
University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
June 2016
ii
UNIVERSTI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN KOMPUTER
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA II
Tajuk Projek : SPEED CONTROL OF PNEUMATIC CYLINDER USING ON/OFF VALVE AND PWM
Sesi Pengajian : 1 5 / 1 6
Saya SITI AMIRAH BINTI MOHD PADLI mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. 2. 1. Laporan adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. 3. 2. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. 4. Sila tandakan ( √ ) :
SULIT*
*(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau
kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
TER HAD**
*(Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:
__ ________________________ ___________________________________ (TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (COP DAN TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)
Tarikh: ………………………..
Tarikh: ………………………..
iii
“I hereby declare that the work in this project is my own except for summaries and quotations which have been duly acknowledge.”
Signature : ………………………………………..
Name : Siti Amirah Binti Mohd Padli
Date : 10 June 2016
iv
“I acknowledge that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in term of scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering
(Industrial Electronics)* with Honours.”
Signature : ………………………………
Supervisor‟s name : Zulhairi Bin Othman
Date : 13 June 2016
v
To my beloved parents, family members and friends;
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to return my gratitude and courtesy to all those that have assisted
and encourage me in completing this final year project and thesis. A special thanks to
my supervisor Mister Zulhairi Bin Othman for his support, critic and encouragement
throughout the project. Besides, thanks to lectures and technicians at the Faculty of
Electronic Engineering and Computer Engineering for their valuable comments and
knowledge on using machining and equipment at laboratory.
I would like to thanks and appreciation to my faculty for providing the lab to be
used and also the library for supplying the relevant literatures. My fellow classmates
should be recognized for their support and help during testing my project. I would like to
thanks them for their encouragement, views and tips that very useful for this project.
Finally, I am grateful to my parents and family members for giving me the support and
encouragement in spirit and also the financial to complete this project.
vii
ABSTRACT
Mostly Pulse width modulation (PWM) is the method that commonly used by the
researchers on pneumatic project for the improvement in industry. This method will be
applied into this project about how to control the speed of pneumatic cylinder with using
On-Off solenoid valve. Currently, this method is not applying in the industry yet,
however, the component that mostly used in industry is servo valve type. Unfortunately,
by using the servo valve is very costly but it has its own advantage such a very long life
time. Solenoid valve is implemented for reducing the cost of industry maintenance.
Solenoid valve will conduct together with PWM so that, the speed can be control as well
as if using servo valve. Besides that, the other components that will use the system are
microprocessor bootloader PIC18F4550. The programming of PWM will be program
into this microcontroller and the result will obtain by the waveform at oscilloscope and
also the timing of movement retracted and extended from pneumatic cylinder.
viii
ABSTRAK
Kebanyakannya kaedah modulasi lebar denyut (PWM) selalu digunakan oleh
penyelidik dalam mengkaji pemanbahbaikkan penggunaan sistem pneumatik dalam
sektor industri. Kaedah ini (PWM), akan diaplikasikan dalam pempentangan projek ini
untuk mengawal kelajuan silinder pneumatik dengan menggunakan sistem On-Off injap
solenoid. Pada hari ini, kaedah ini tidak diketengahkan lagi dalam sektor industri, walau
bagaimanapun, alatan yang selalu digunapakai dalam industri adalah sejenis injap servo.
Malangnya, penggunaan injap servo ini adalah sangat mahal, tetapi ia mempunyai
kelebihannya tersendiri iaitu ketahanan yang lama. Injap solenoid ini dilaksanakan
adalah untuk mengurangkan kos penyelenggaraan industri. Injap solenoid akan
digunakan bersama dengan PWM supaya kawalan kelajuan boleh dicapai seperti mana
jika menggunakan injap servo. Selain itu, antara komponen lain yang akan digunakan
dalam sistem ini adalah mikropemproses pemuat PIC18F4550. Pengaturcaraan PWM ini
akan diprogramkan dalam mikropengawalan ini dan keputusannya akan diperolehi dari
bentuk gelombang pada osiloskop dan juga masa pergerakan pelanjutan dan penarik
balik dari silinder pneumatic.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGES
TITLE OF PROJECT i
REPORT STATUS APPROVAL FORM ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF STUDENT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF SUPERVISOR iv
DEDICATION v
APPRECIATION vi
ABSTRACT vii
ABSTRAK viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ix
LIST OF TABLE xii
LIST OF EQUATIONS xiii
LIST OF FIGURES xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvi
LIST OF APPENDIXES xvii
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objective
1
2
3
x
1.4 Scope of Project
1.5 Project Overview
3
4
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Pneumatic Cylinder
2.2 5/2 Directional Control Solenoid Valve
2.3 Air Compressor
2.4 Programmable Integrated Controller
2.5 Microcontroller
2.6 Microcontroller PIC18F4550
2.7 Pulse Width Modulation
2.8 Literature Review Studies
5
6
9
11
12
15
19
21
3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Project Plan
3.3 Hardware Component Selection
3.3.1 The Use of Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder
3.3.2 The Solenoid Valve Working
3.3.3 PIC18F4550 Microcontroller Circuitry
3.3.4 RC Servo As A Driver To PWM Method
3.3.5 Pulse Width Modulation Simulation
3.3.6 Etching Process
3.4 Project Design And Implementation
3.4.1 Switch For Controller The On-Off Solenoid Valve
3.4.2 Switch For Control the RC Servo
3.4.3 Darlington Pair of Transistor (TIP120)
23
24
25
26
27
29
31
32
33
35
36
36
37
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
xi
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Result and Analysis
4.1.2 Data Analysis
4.1.3 Discussion
39
40
44
47
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Project Improvement And Recommendation
48
49
REFERRENCES
51
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
54
57
62
68
xii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
2.1 Basic input output for PIC18F4550 16
2.2 Summary of register associated with Port A 17
2.3 Summary of register associated with Port B 17
2.4 Summary of register associated with Port C 17
2.5 Summary of register associated with Port D 18
2.6 Summary of register associated with Port E 18
2.7 Comparison among studies 21
4.1 The data analysis from oscilloscope 46
4.2 Cost comparisons 47
xiii
LIST OF EQUATIONS
NO TITLE PAGE
2.1 Boyle‟s Law 10 2.2 Charles Law 10
2.3 Gay-Lussac‟s Law 10
2.4 Ideal Gas in Thermal and Equilibrium System 10
3.1 Force 26
3.2 Duty Cycle 36
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
2.1 Cross section of pneumatic cylinder 6
2.2 Double acting cylinder and its symbol 6
2.3 5/2 way solenoid valve 7
2.4 The cross section of 5/2 way solenoid valve and its symbol 7