Specification for Highway Works series 600: earthworks

7/28/2019 Specification for Highway Works series 600: earthworks

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SERIES 600EARTHWORKS

Contents

Clause Title Page

#601 Classification,DefinitionsandUsesof EarthworksMaterials 2

602 GeneralRequirements 4

603 FormingofCuttingsandCuttingSlopes 5

604 ExcavationforFoundations 6

605 SpecialRequirementsforClass3Material 7

606 Watercourses 7

#607 ExplosivesandBlastingforExcavation 8

608 ConstructionofFills 9

609 GeotextilesUsedtoSeparateEarthworks Materials 10

610 FilltoStructures 11

611 FillAboveStructuralConcreteFoundations 12

612 CompactionofFills 12

613 Sub-formationandCapping 14

614 CementStabilisationtoFormCapping 16

615 LimeStabilisationtoFormCapping 17

616 PreparationandSurfaceTreatmentof Formation 18

617 UseofSub-formationorFormationby ConstructionPlant 19

618 (05/01)Topsoiling 19

619 EarthworkEnvironmentalBunds 20

620 LandscapeAreas 20

621 StrengthenedEmbankments 20

622 EarthworksforReinforcedSoiland AnchoredEarthStructures 20

623 EarthworksforCorrugatedSteelBuried Structures 21

624 GroundAnchorages 22

625 CribWalling 22

626 Gabions 23627 SwallowHolesandOtherNaturally OccurringCavities 23

628 DisusedMineWorkings 23

629 InstrumentationandMonitoring 23

630 GroundImprovement 23

631 EarthworksMaterialsTests 24

#632 DeterminationofMoistureCondition Value(MCV)ofEarthworksMaterials 24

633 DeterminationofUndrainedShearStrength ofRemouldedCohesiveMaterial 25

634 (11/05)DeterminationofIntactLumpDry Density(IDD)ofChalk 25

635 (05/04)LosAngelesandOtherTestsfor ParticleSoundness 25

636 DeterminationofEffectiveAngleof InternalFriction(j/)andEffective Cohesion(c/)ofEarthworksMaterials 25

MANUAL OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS FOR HIGHWAY WORKS

VOLUME 1 SPECIFICATION FOR HIGHWAY WORKS

Amendment-November2009 1

Clause Title Page

637 DeterminationofResistivity(rs)toAssess CorrosivityofSoil,RockorEarthworks Materials 26

638 DeterminationofRedoxPotential(Eh)to AssessCorrosivityofEarthworks MaterialsforReinforcedSoiland AnchoredEarthStructures 27

639 DeterminationofCoefficientofFriction andAdhesionBetweenFillandReinforcing ElementsorAnchorElementsfor ReinforcedSoilandAnchoredEarth Structures 27

640 DeterminationofPermeabilityof EarthworksMaterials 28

641 DeterminationofAvailableLimeContent ofLimeforLimeStabilisedCapping 28

642 DeterminationoftheConstrainedSoil Modulus(M*)ofEarthworksMaterials forCorrugatedSteelBuriedStructures 28

643 (05/01)LimeandCementStabilisationto FormCapping 29

644 (11/03)DeterminationofSulfateContent 30

(05/04)Tables6/1to6/6 31

NATIONAL ALTERATIONS OF THEOVERSEEING ORGANISATIONS OF

SCOTLAND, WALES AND NORTHERN

IRELAND

Scotland

Clause Title Page

601TS (11/06)Classification,DefinitionsandUses ofEarthworksMaterials S1

632TS (11/06)DeterminationofMoisture

ConditionValue(MCV)ofEarthworks MaterialsinScotland S3

Northern Ireland

601NI Classification,DefinitionsandUsesof EarthworksMaterials N1

607NI ExplosivesandBlastingforExcavation N3

# denotesaClauseorSampleAppendixwhichhasasubstituteNational ClauseorSampleAppendixforoneormoreoftheOverseeing OrganisationsofScotland,WalesorNorthernIreland.


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Volume1 Series600SpecificationforHighwayWorks Earthworks

EARTHWORKS

#601 Classification, Definitions and Uses ofEarthworks Materials

General Classification

1 Earthworksmaterialsshallfallintooneorotherof

thefollowinggeneralclassifications:

(i) acceptablematerial:materialexcavatedfromwithintheSiteorimportedontotheSite

whichmeetstherequirementsofTable6/1

andAppendix6/1foracceptabilityforusein

thePermanentWorks;

(ii) (11/04)unacceptablematerialClassU1Aas

definedinsub-Clauses2(i)(a)and2(i)(b)of

thisClause:materialexcavatedfromwithintheSitewhich,unlessprocessedsothatit

meetstherequirementsofTable6/1and

Appendix6/1,shallnotbeusedinthePermanentWorks;

(iii) (11/04)unacceptablematerialClassU1Bas

definedinsub-Clause2(ii)(a)ofthisClause:materialexcavatedfromwithintheSite

which,unlessprocessedsothatitmeetstherequirementsofTable6/1andAppendix6/1,shallnotbeusedinthePermanentWorks;

and

(iv) (11/04)unacceptablematerialClassU2as

definedinsub-Clause3(i)ofthisClause:materialexcavatedfromwithintheSite

whichshallnotbeusedinthePermanent

Works.

(11/04) Unacceptable Materials

2 (11/04)UnacceptablematerialClassesU1AandU1B:

(i) (11/04)unacceptablematerialClassU1Ashall

be:

(a) (11/04)materialwhichdoesnotcomplywiththepermittedconstituentsand

materialpropertiesofTable6/1and

Appendix6/1foracceptablematerial;

and

(b) (11/04)material,orconstituentsof

materials,composedofthefollowing

unlessotherwisedescribedinAppendix6/1:

peat,materialsfromswamps,marshesandbogs;

logs,stumpsandperishable

material;

materialsinafrozencondition;

clayhavingaliquidlimit

determinedinaccordancewithBS1377:Part2,exceeding90or

plasticityindexdeterminedin

accordancewithBS1377:Part2,

exceeding65;

materialsusceptibletospontaneous

combustionexceptunburntcollieryspoilcomplyingwith

sub-Clause15ofthisClause;

(ii) (11/04)unacceptablematerialClassU1Bshall

be:

(a) (11/05)contaminatedmaterials,includingcontrolledwastes(asdefinedinthe

EnvironmentalProtectionAct1990Part

IIA)whoselevelofcontaminationisabovethatgiveneitherinAppendix

6/14orinAppendix6/15,butexcluding

allhazardouswastes(asdefinedintheHazardousWaste(EnglandandWales)

Regulations2005)andradioactive

wastes(asdefinedintheRadioactiveSubstancesAct1993).

3 UnacceptablematerialClassU2shallbe:

(i) (11/05)hazardouswaste(asdefinedinthe

HazardousWaste(EnglandandWales)

Regulations2005)andradioactivewaste(asdefinedintheRadioactiveSubstancesAct

1993).

4 (11/04)WhererequiredinAppendix6/1,

unacceptablematerial(otherthanClassU2)shallbe

processedbymechanical,chemicalorothermeanstorenderthematerialacceptableforuseinthePermanent

WorksinaccordancewiththerequirementsofTable6/1

andAppendix6/1.

Definitions

5 Chalkshallmean:(i) anyporousmaterialofnaturalorigin

composedessentiallyofcalciumcarbonate



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andidentifiedaschalkonthemapsproduced

bytheBritishGeologicalSurvey;

(ii) materialdesignatedasClass3inAppendix6/1.

6 Argillaceousrockshallmeanshalesmudstones

siltstonesslatesandmicaceousschistscomposedofparticlesofclayandsiltandmica.Itshallinclude

unburntcollieryspoil.

7 Pulverised-fuelashshallmeansolidmaterialextractedbyelectrostaticandmechanicalmeansfrom

thefluegasesoffurnacesfiredwithpulverised

bituminouscoal.Itshallhaveamaximumparticlesizeof3mm.

8 Furnacebottomashshallmeanagglomerated

pulverised-fuelashobtainedfromthebottomofthepowerstationfurnaceandhavingparticlesizenolarger

than10mm.

9 Formationshallbethetopsurfaceofcapping.Wherenocappingisrequiredformationshallbethetop

surfaceofearthworksattheundersideofsub-base,

unlessotherwiseshownontheDrawings.

10 Sub-formationshallbethetopsurfaceof

earthworksattheundersideofcapping.

11 (05/01)Stabilisationshallmeanthespreadingof

cementorlimeorbothonalayerofdepositedorintact

granularorcohesivematerial,andthesubsequentprocessofpulverisingandmixingfollowedby

appropriatecompactiontoformthewholeora

constituentlayerofacapping.

12 (11/07)Whererecycledaggregateisusedinthis

Series,thematerialshallbeaggregateresultingfromthe

processingofmaterialusedinaconstructionprocess.Theaggregateshallhavebeentestedinaccordancewith

Clause710,andthecontentofothermaterials(ClassX)

includingwood,plasticandmetalshallnotexceed1%bymass.Whererecycledaggregateexceptrecycled

asphaltisusedinthisSeries,theaggregateshallhave

beentestedinaccordancewithClause710.Contentofasphalt(mineralaggregatewithabituminousbinder)

shallnotexceed2%bymass,andthecontentofother

materials(ClassX)includingwood,plasticandmetalshallnotexceed1%bymass.

Use of Fill Materials

13 (05/01)Inadditiontoanygradingrequirementsthe

maximumparticlesizeofanyfillmaterialshallbenomorethantwo-thirdsofthecompactedlayerthickness

exceptthatcobbleshavinganequivalentdiameterof

morethan150mmshallnotbedepositedbeneathvergesorcentralreserveswithin1.30mofthefinished

surface.


14 (11/07)Materialshallnotbedepositedwithin

500mm,orotherdistancesdescribedinAppendix6/3,

ofconcrete,cementboundmaterials,othercementitiousmaterialsorstabilisedcappingformingpartofthe

PermanentWorksif,whentestedinaccordancewithTRLReport447either:

(i) (11/05)thewater-solublesulfate(WS)content

exceeds1500mgofsulfate(asSO4)perlitre

(TestNo.1);or

(ii) (11/09)theoxidisablesulfides(OS)contentexceeds0.5%ofsulfate(asSO

4)(TestNo.2

andTestNo.4);or

(iii) (11/09)unlessotherwisespecifiedinTable6/1orTable6/3,the2:1watertosoilextract

preparedforthedeterminationofwater-

solublesulfatein(i)hasapHvalueoflessthan7.2,whentestedusingtheelectrometric

methodofpHdeterminationinaccordance

withBS1377-3.

(11/09)Atleastfivesamplesofeachmaterialshallbe

testedforWS,OSandpHvalue.Themeanofthe

highesttwovaluesshallbeusedforcomparisonwith

thelimitingvalues.Thisalsoappliesifsixtonineresultsareavailable.Iftenormoreresultsareavailable,

themeanofthehighest20%oftheresultsshallbeused

forcomparisonwiththelimitingvalues.

15 (11/07)Materialshallnotbedepositedwithin500mm,orotherdistancesdescribedinAppendix6/3,

ofmetallicstructuralelementsformingpartofthePermanentWorksif,whentestedinaccordancewith

TRLReport447either:

(i) (11/05)thewater-solublesulfate(WS)content

exceeds300mgofsulfate(asSO4)perlitre

(TestNo.1);or

(ii) theoxidisablesulfides(OS)contentexceeds

0.06%ofsulfate(asSO4)(TestNos.2

and4).

(11/05)Atleastfivesamplesofeachmaterialshallbe

testedforWSandOS.Themeanofthehighesttwovaluesshallbeusedforcomparisonwiththelimiting

values.Thisalsoappliesifsixtonineresultsare

available.Iftenormoreresultsareavailable,themeanofthehighest20%oftheresultsshallbeusedfor

comparisonwiththelimitingvalues.

(11/07)Therequirementsin(i)and(ii)aboveshallnot

applytometallicitemsprotectedbyconcreteandancillarymetallicitemssuchasthetopsofchambers

andgullies.

16 (05/01)UnburntcollieryspoilmaybeusedasgeneralfillprovideditiscompactedincompliancewithClause612andcomplieswiththerequirementsof

Appendix6/1.


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17 (05/01)Pulverised-fuelashshallnotbeplaced

withinthedimensiondescribedinAppendix6/3,belowsub-formationorformation.

18 (05/01)Wherepulverised-fuelashisused,the

Contractorshallforeachconsignment,makeavailabletotheOverseeingOrganisationarecordofthetypeand

sourceofthematerialandthenameofthepowerstation

fromwhichitwasobtainedandacertificateofresultsoftestsshowingthatthematerialcomplieswiththe

requirementsofTable6/1.

602 General Requirements

1 TheContractorshallemployonlyplantandworkingmethodswhicharesuitedtothematerialstobe

handledandtraversed.Heshallberesponsibleformaintainingthenatureoftheacceptablematerialsothatwhenitisplacedandcompacteditremainsacceptable

inaccordancewiththeContract.Acceptabilityshallbe

determinedinaccordancewithTable6/1andanyspecialrequirementsinAppendix6/1.

2 Haulageofmaterialtoembankmentsorotherareas

offillshallproceedonlywhensufficientspreadingandcompactionplantisoperatingattheplaceofdeposition

toensurecompliancewithClause612.

3 (11/04)Noexcavatedacceptablematerialor

unacceptablematerialrequiredtobeprocessed,otherthansurplustotherequirementsoftheContract,shall

beremovedfromtheSiteunlessindicatedotherwisein

Appendix6/1.MaterialwhichisunacceptableonlybyreasonofbeingfrozenshallberetainedonSitewhenin

thatcondition.WheretheContractorispermittedto

removeacceptablematerial,orunacceptablematerialrequiredtobeprocessed,fromtheSitetosuithis

operationalprocedure,thenheshallmakegoodany

consequentdeficitofmaterialarisingtherefrom.EnvironmentalrequirementsforprocessingofClass

U1Bmaterial,intermsoflimitingvaluesof

contaminantsorotherrequirements,shallbesetoutinAppendix6/1intheearthworksClassforwhichthe

processedmaterialistobeused.

4 Ifanyacceptablematerialorunacceptablematerialrequiredtobeprocessedis,wherepermittedby

Appendix6/1,usedbytheContractorforpurposesother

thanforgeneralfill,sufficientacceptablefillmaterialto

occupy,afterfullcompaction,avolumecorrespondingtothatwhichtheexcavatedmaterialoccupiedshallbe

providedbytheContractor.

5 (11/04)Acceptablematerial(otherthanClass5Aor

anyClass5BmaterialreplacingClass5Amaterialinaccordancewithsub-Clause3ofthisClause)surplusto

thetotalrequirementsofthePermanentWorksandall

unacceptablematerialClassU1Anotrequiredtobe

processedshall,unlessindicatedotherwisein

Appendix6/1,beruntospoilintipsprovidedbytheContractor.Inthecaseofunacceptablematerial,Class

U1BandClassU2,theContractorshallcomplywithanyspecificrequirementsfordisposaldescribedinAppendix6/2.

6 Wheretheexcavationrevealsacombinationof

acceptableandunacceptablematerialstheContractorshall,unlessindicatedotherwiseinAppendix6/3,carry

outtheexcavationinsuchamannerthattheacceptable

materialsareexcavatedseparatelyforuseinthePermanentWorkswithoutcontaminationbythe

unacceptablematerials.Unlessotherwisedescribedin

theContractClassesoffillmaterialrequiredtobedepositedseparatelyshallbeexcavatedseparately

withoutcontaminationbyotherClassesofmaterial.

7 TheContractorshallmakehisownarrangementsforstockpilingofacceptablematerial,andunacceptable

materialtobeprocessed,andfortheprovisionofsites

forthepurpose.

8 TheContractorshallensurethathedoesnot

adverselyaffectthestabilityofexcavationsorfillsby

hismethodsofstockpilingmaterials,useofplantorsitingoftemporarybuildingsorstructures.

9 (05/01)Existingtopsoilmaterialshall,exceptwhere

itistobeleftinplaceinthelocationsdescribedinAppendix6/8,bestrippedtodepthsasdescribedin

Appendix6/8forClass5Amaterialfromallareasofcuttingandfromallareastobecoveredbyembankment

orbyotherareasoffill.WherestatedinAppendix6/8

existingtopsoilshallbestrippedasturfinaccordancewithsub-Clause3005.13.

10 (05/01)Topsoilshallwhereverpracticablebeused

immediatelyafteritsstrippingandifnotshallbestored

instockpilesofheightsnotexceeding2morotherheightsstatedinAppendix6/8.Unlessotherwisestated

inAppendix6/8,topsoilshallnotbestockpiledformore

thantwoyears.Topsoilshallnotbeunnecessarilytraffickedeitherbeforestrippingorwheninastockpile.

Stockpilesshallnotbesurchargedorotherwiseloaded

andmultiplehandlingshallbekepttoaminimum.

11 AllClass5AtopsoilarisingfromtheSite,orany

Class5BmaterialreplacingClass5Amaterialin

accordancewithsub-Clause3ofthisClause,inexcessoftherequirementsfortopsoiling,shallbesubjecttothe

requirementsdescribedinAppendix6/8.

12 Excavationsforfoundationsandtrenchesshallbeadequatelysupportedatalltimes,andexceptwhere

otherwisedescribedinAppendix6/3,shallnotbebattered.WhereexcavationsarepermittedtobebatteredtheyshallbebenchedasdescribedinAppendix6/3



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priortobackfillingandcompaction.Theadditional

workandmaterialsshallbeprovidedbytheContractor.

Sheetingandotherexcavationsupportsshallberemovedasfillingproceedsexceptwheretheyare

requiredinAppendix6/3tobeleftinposition.13 Excavationsrequiringbackfillingshallremainopenonlyfortheminimumperiodnecessary.

14 Excavationsrequiringbackfillinginexistingpaved

orothersurfaces,includingthosepavedareastobereconstructedorrepaired,shallbecarriedoutand

reinstatedincompliancewithClause706.

15 TheContractorshallkeepearthworksfreeofwaterincluding:

(i) arrangingfortherapidremovalofwater:

(a) shedontotheearthworks;

(b) enteringtheearthworksfromany

source;

(ii) loweringandmaintainingbyappropriatemeasures,thewaterlevelinexcavations,

sufficientlytoenablethePermanentWorksto

beconstructed.

16 Incarryingouttherequirementsofsub-Clause15

ofthisClausetheContractorshall:

(i) formandmaintaincuttings,embankments

andotherareasoffillwithappropriatefallsandgradientandsealedsurfaces;

(ii) providewherenecessarytemporary

watercourses,drains,pumpingandthelike;

(iii) dischargeaccumulatedwaterand

groundwaterintothepermanentoutfallsof

thedrainagesystemwherepracticable;

(iv) provideadequatemeansfortrappingsilton

temporarysystemsdischarginginto

permanentdrainagesystems.

17 TheContractorshallcarryoutandmaintainanygroundwaterloweringorothertreatmentrequiredin

Appendix6/1.

18 (11/04)WherematerialsaredesignatedintheContractaseitherClassU1BorClassU2,the

Contractorshallcarryoutanyspecialrequirementsfor

theirhandlingdescribedinAppendix6/2.Wheresuchmaterialsareencounteredduringtheprogressofthe

Works,theContractorshallmakeallnecessary

arrangementsfortheirsafehandlinganddisposalafterconsultationwiththeappropriateenvironmental

authority.

19 (05/04)Subjecttothesurfaceleveltolerancesgiven

inClause613andsub-Clause616.1,materialshallnotbefrostsusceptibleifitisusedwithin450mmofthe

designedfinalsurfaceofaroadorpavedcentralreserve,

or350mmiftheannualfrostindexofthesiteisless

than50.Materialshallbeclassifiedasnon-frost-susceptibleifthemeanheaveis15mmorless,when

testedinaccordancewithBS812:Part124:1989,orBS1924:Part2:1990forlimestabilisedcapping,amendedasgiveninsub-Clause801.7.

603 Forming of Cuttings and Cutting Slopes

1 Cuttingsshallbeexcavatedtothelinesandlevels

describedinAppendix6/3.

2 Cuttingslopesortoesofcuttingsshallonlybe

undercutwhenrequiredintheContractfortrenchor

otherexcavations.Suchexcavationsshallberestricted

inextentasdescribedinAppendix6/3andwheretheyrequirebackfillingshallremainopenonlyforthe

minimumperiodnecessary,soastopreventrisktothePermanentWorks.

3 ExceptwhereotherwisedescribedinAppendix6/3,

theexcavationofcuttingsmaybehaltedatanystageprovidingatleast300mmofmaterialasaweather

protectionisleftinplaceabovetheformationorabove

thesub-formation,subjecttotherequirementsofClauses613and616.

4 Wherepre-splitblastingisrequiredorpermittedin

Appendix6/3,itshallcomplywithClause607andanyotherrequirementsinAppendix6/3.Fulldetailsofthe

methodsandarrangementstobeadoptedshallbemade

availabletotheOverseeingOrganisationbeforecommencementofdrillingoperations.

5 Finalfacesofcuttingswhicharenottoreceive

topsoilshall:

(i) whereverpossiblebeleftwithoutscarsor

damagefromconstructionplant;and

(ii) toachieveanaturalappearance,whenthestratumpermitsandwhenpre-splitblastingis

notadopted,havethefaceleftirregularwithintolerancesgiveninAppendix6/3;and

(iii) havebouldersorotherrockfragmentsthatcanbemovedbyhandwithouttools,

removed;and

(iv) whererequiredinAppendix6/3havematerialthatcanbeblownawaybyairline

hose,havingpressuresnogreaterthanthose

statedtherein,soremoved;and

(v) haveadequateaccesstoenableinspectionto

becarriedouttodeterminetheextentofworkrequiredbythissub-Clause.

6 WhererequiredinAppendix6/3,facesofcuttings

whicharenotrequiredtoreceivetopsoilshallhaveone



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ormoreofthefollowingmeasurescarriedoutas

appropriate:

(i) (11/03)Isolatedpatchesofsoft,fragmentedandinsecurematerialshalleachbe

excavatedtoadepthofatleast200mmunlessotherdepthsarestatedinAppendix6/3andreplacedassoonas

practicablewithST2concreteto

Clause2602wellrammedintothecleanedoutvoid.

(ii) Areasofcuttingfacerequiringtheirsurface

tobemadestableshallbetrimmedbackbyanominal50mmorotheramountrequiredin

Appendix6/3andtheresultingsurface

togetherwithanareaofanysurrounding

intactmaterialasdetailedinAppendix6/3,shallhaveasuitablecementbasedgroutor

sprayedconcrete,appliedbypressuretoformatotalnominalthicknessof40mmunless

therequiredthicknessisstatedin

Appendix6/3.WhererequiredinAppendix6/3,reinforcementshallbefixedto

thesurfacebeforeapplicationoftheconcrete

orgrout.Weepholesusingpermanentformersshallbeconstructedtothe

requirementsofAppendix6/3andatthe

locationsdescribedinAppendix6/3.

(iii) (11/03)Softorinsecurematerial,interlayeredwithrockshallbeexcavatedtothedepth

behindthefacedescribedinAppendix6/3.TheresultingcavityshallbefilledwithST2

concretetoClause2602orwithmasonry

infillcomplyingwiththeSeries2400andprovidedwithweepholesallinaccordance

withrequirementsinAppendix6/3.

(iv) NettingorothersheetcoveringasdescribedinAppendix6/3orrockboltsasdescribedin

Appendix6/10.

7 (05/01)WhererequiredinAppendix6/3,facesofcuttingswhicharetoreceivetopsoilshallhaveoneor

moreofthefollowingmeasurescarriedoutas

appropriate:

(i) BebenchedtoretaintopsoilasdescribedinAppendix6/3.

(ii) Beharrowedtoadepthof50mm.Such

harrowingshallbecarriedoutimmediatelypriortotopsoiling,diagonally,atanangle

between5to45tothelineofthetoe,

measuredontheplaneoftheslope.

(iii) Isolatedpatchesofsoft,fragmentedor

insecurematerialshallbeexcavatedand

either:

(a) filledbywellramminginaClassoffill

withsimilarcharacteristicsasthesurroundingintactmaterial;or

(b) excavatedanddealtwithasdescribedin

sub-Clause6(i)ofthisClause.

(iv) Otherareasrequiredtobemadestableshall

bedealtwithasstatedinAppendix6/3.

8 Theconcrete,referredtoinsub-Clauses6(i)and6(iii)ofthisClause,permanentlyexposedonthefaceof

thecuttingshallhavesurfacefeaturesasnearlyas

possiblematchingthoseoftheadjacentintactface.Suchconcreteandthegroutreferredtoinsub-Clause6(ii)of

thisClauseshallhaveaconsistentcolourasnearlyas

possiblematchingthatoftheadjacentintactface.

604 Excavation for Foundations

1 (11/09)Thebottomofallfoundationexcavationsshallbeformedtothelinesandlevelsshownonthe

Drawings.Pocketsofsoftsoilorlooserockshallbe

removedandtheresultingvoidsandanynaturalvoidsshallbefilledwithST1concretetoClause2602(or

othermaterialasrequiredbyAppendix6/3)exceptin

excavationsforcorrugatedsteelburiedstructureswhenClass6Klowerbeddingfillmaterialcomplyingwith

Table6/1shallbeused.

AfterplacingofanyblindingconcreteshownontheDrawings,notrimmingofthesidefacesofthe

excavationshallbecarriedoutfor24hours.

2 TheContractorshallmakegood:

(i) (11/09)anylateraloverbreakoftheexcavationabovethebottomofthefoundationgreater

thanthenetvolumerequiredforthe

PermanentWorkswithmaterialofthesameClassasusedforfillabovestructural

concretefoundationstocomplywith

Clause611(exceptthatforcorrugatedsteel

buriedstructuresClass6Klowerbeddingmaterialshallbeused)or,wherethe

excavationistoonarrowtoallowthecompactionofearthworksmaterials,with

ST1concretetoClause2602;

(ii) (11/09)anyadditionalexcavationatorbelow

thebottomoffoundations,includingthatresultingfromremovalofmaterialwhichthe

Contractorhasallowedtodeteriorate,with

ST1concretetoClause2602(orother

materialrequiredbyAppendix6/3)except

thatundercorrugatedsteelburiedstructuresClass6Klowerbeddingmaterialshallbe

used.



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3 Class6Klowerbeddingmaterialreferredtointhis

ClauseshallbedepositedandcompactedincompliancewithClauses608and612andTable6/1.

605 Special Requirements for Class 3Material

1 WhenAppendix6/1designatesamaterialasClass

3tobeusedortoremainintactinthePermanentWorks

thefollowingshallapply:

(i) NoearthworksinvolvingClass3materialor

traffickingofareaswhichconsistofClass3

material,unlesstheyareprotected,shallbecarriedoutduringtheperiodsdescribedin

Appendix6/4.

(ii) ExcavationofClass3materialshallbebymeansofafaceshovel,whichshallexcavate,

swingandunloadwithoutmovingthechassis

orundercarriageduringoneoperatingcycle,orbymeansofasimilarshovel-loading

machine,soastoreducethedegradationof

thematerialtoaminimum.

(iii) WhenexcavatingClass3materialthe

Contractorshallarrangehismethodof

workingsoastomaintainaworkingfaceofminimumheight3morotherheightrequired

inAppendix6/4withinClass3materialexceptthatwherethedepthofthecuttingislessthan3mthefullheightofClass3

materialshallformtheworkingface

excludinganyprotectionrequiredtotheformationorsub-formation.

(iv) Materialotherthanchalkcontainedwithin

thevolumedesignatedasClass3materialintheContractshallbeexcavatedanddeposited

separatelyfromchalkandnotbemixedwith

it.

(v) TraffickingofareasofClass3materialshallnotbepermittedbyvehicleshavinga

capacitywhenstruckofmorethan15m3unlessotherwisedescribedinAppendix6/4.

(vi) Class3materialshallnotbestockpiledorbe

subjectedtomultiplehandling.

(vii) Class3materialshallnot,unlessrequiredin

Appendix6/4,belayeredwithotherfill

materialintheconstructionofembankmentsandotherareasoffill.

(viii) WhenrequiredinAppendix6/4

embankmentsandotherareasoffillconstructedofClass3materialshalleither:

(a) uponreachingalevel600mmbelow

sub-formationor,wherethereisno

capping,alevel600mmbelow

formation,beleftforaminimumof4weeksorotherperiodstatedin

Appendix6/4,beforecontinuingfillingwhichshall,inallcases,becontinuedincompliancewithsub-Clause608.9;or

(b) becontinuedabovesub-formationor

formationwithaprotectivelayerinaccordancewithsub-Clause608.9(ii)

butwhichshallbeofClass3material.

Suchmaterialshallthenbeleftforaminimumof4weeksorotherperiod

statedinAppendix6/4beforeremoval

oftheprotectivelayerandshallbeimmediatelycontinuedwiththe

preparationofsub-formationorformation,asappropriate,inaccordancewithClauses613and616.

(ix) Wheretemporaryinstabilityoccursinchalk

duringdepositionorcompactionduetoexcessiveworkingbyplantortoinclement

weather,theContractorshalldelaythe

furtherdepositionofClass3materialuntilthechalkhasrecoveredsufficientstrength

forworktoproceed.Adetailedrecordofthe

areasofinstabilityshallbemadeavailableto

theOverseeingOrganisation.(x) Attheendofeachworkingdayoffilling,

exposedClass3materiallaidthatdayshall,unlessotherwisestatedinAppendix6/4be

rolledwithtwopassesofasmoothwheeled

rollerhavingamasspermetrewidthofrollexceeding2100kg.

(xi) TheotherspecialrequirementsforClass3

materialdescribedinsub-Clauses613.11(i),613.12(i),616.1(ii)and616.3shallalso

apply,togetherwithanyotherspecial

requirementsdescribedinAppendix6/1orAppendix6/4.

606 Watercourses

1 Theclearanceandmodificationofexisting,orthe

constructionofnewwatercourses,includingditches,streams,rivers,lagoonsandponds,shallbeasdescribed

inAppendix6/3includinganyprotection,lining,

revetmentorotherworksandshallcomplywithsub-Clauses2to4ofthisClause.

2 Clearanceofexistingwatercoursesshallincludethe

removalofvegetation,vegetablematterandallotherdepositswithinthewatercourseprofile.Materials

resultingfromthisclearanceshallbedealtwithas

unacceptablematerial.



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3 Newwatercoursesandclearedexisting

watercoursesshallbemaintainedinaclearcondition.

4 Redundantwatercoursesshall,whererequiredin

Appendix6/3,bedrainedandclearedinaccordance

withsub-Clause2ofthisClauseandmaterialoutsidethewatercourseprofileexcavatedanddealtwithas

unacceptablematerial.Theexcavationsshallbetothe

dimensionsstatedintheContractandthewholefilledwithgeneralorselectedfillsoftheClassdescribedin

Appendix6/3complyingwithTable6/1depositedand

compactedincompliancewithClause608and612.Wherethesurfaceistoremainexposeditshallbe

topsoiledandseeded,orreceiveothertreatment,allas

describedinAppendix6/3.

#607 Explosives and Blasting for Excavation

1 BlastingforexcavationshallnotbeemployedunlesspermittedorrequiredinAppendix6/3andsuch

blastingshallbeconfinedtothelocationsandtowithin

thetimelimitsstatedtherein.

2 TheContractorshall:

(i) notcarryoutplastershooting;

(ii) foreachlocationwhereblastingistobeundertaken,givewrittennoticetothe

OverseeingOrganisationoftheprogramme

ofblasting,includingtrialexplosions,atleast10daysbeforeitcommencesandgive

writtennoticeofeachblastingeventas

describedin(v)below,atleast12hoursbeforehand;

(iii) carryouttrialexplosionsstartingwith

reducedquantitiesofexplosiveinordertodeterminethesizeoftheactualexplosive

chargesandtheirdisposition,foruseinthe

mainblastingoperations,soasnottoexceedthevaluesforvibrationalamplitudeand

vibrationalpeakparticlevelocitystatedin

(vi)belowatthepositionsdescribedtherein;

(iv) determinedangerzoneslikelytobecreated

bytheblastingoperations,includingtrial

explosions,withinwhichblastedmaterialmaybeprojectedandutilisesuitable

arrangementsincludingTemporaryWorks,to

retainsuchprojectilesandensurethatnoinjuryordamageiscausedtopersonsor

propertythereby;

(v) limitblastingtoasmallnumberofeventsduringpermittedhoursperday,wherean

eventshallcompriseasingleexplosionoragroupofexplosionseachseparatedbyashorttimeinterval,thegrouplastinglessthana

minute;

(vi) ensurethat:

(a) structuresandearthworks,existingor

underconstruction,onandofftheSite,

donotexperience,duringblasting

operationsincludingtrialexplosions,avibrationalamplitudeexceeding0.2mm

andaresultantpeakparticlevelocityexceeding50mmpersecond,orother

limitsstatedinAppendix6/3,atthe

sametimeorindividually;and

(b) peakoverpressures,ofmagnitudesuch

astoendangerwindowsandglazed

areasofstructures,donotoccur.

(vii) whereinstrumentationandmonitoringis

appropriate:

(a) rigidlyfixtostructuresandinsertinearthworksdescribedin(vi)(a)above,

suitableinstrumentstomeasurethe

vibrationalamplitudeandresultantvibrationalpeakparticlevelocity,and

peakoverpressures,experiencedduring

blastingoperationsincludingtrialexplosions;

(b) makeavailabledetailsoftheproposed

instrumentationwithintheSite;

(c) unlessotherwisestipulatedin

Appendix6/3,makehisown

arrangementsforinstallinginstrumentsonpropertyofftheSiteincluding

negotiatingwithlandownersandother

interestedparties;

(d) readsuchinstrumentsandtake

measurementsthroughouttheperiodof

blastingoperations,includingtrialexplosions;

(e) forinstrumentsonstructuresor

earthworksontheSiteand,whererequiredinAppendix6/3,onproperty

offtheSite,makeavailabletheresults

totheOverseeingOrganisationattheendofeachdaysblasting.

(viii) takemeasurementsofvibrationalamplitude

andpeakparticlevelocityineachofthreemutuallyperpendicularplanesanddetermine

thepeakvalue,takenasthemaximum

resultantcalculatedbyvectorsummationof

thethreecomponentsofamplitudeandvelocityrespectively,measuredas

instantaneouslyastheresolutionoftherecordinginstrumentpermits;



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(ix) ensurethatnoisefromblastingoperationsis

controlledinaccordancewithClause109;

(x) useexplosivesinthequantitiesandinthemannerrecommendedbythemanufacturer;

(xi) storeexplosivesinregisteredpremisesina

licensedstoreormagazineprovidedwithaseparatecompartmentfordetonatorsoruse

themunderanImmediateUseCertificate

issuedbythepolice;

(xii) onlypermitexplosivestobeusedorhandled

byorundertheimmediatecontrolofa

competentpersoninaccordancewiththeConstruction(GeneralProvisions)

Regulations1961(Regulation19)and

subsequentamendingRegulations;

(xiii) ensurethereisnounauthorisedissueor

improperuseofexplosivesbroughtonthe

Siteandmaintainastrictcheckonquantitiesissuedandconsumed;

(xiv) complywiththerequirementsofBS6657in

respectoftheuseofelectricaldetonatorsinthevicinityofstaticandmobileradio

transmitters,includingnormalradioand

televisionbroadcastingstationsandradarunitsassociatedwithaircraftmovements,

electricitygeneratingplantandtransmission

lines.

608 Construction of Fills

1 Allfills,includingembankments,shallbeconstructed:

(i) inthelocationsdescribedinAppendix6/3to

thelinesandlevelsstatedtherein;

(ii) ofClassesofmaterialsrequiredorpermittedinAppendix6/1,complyingwithTable6/1

with,unlessotherwisedescribedintheContract,onlyClass6Amaterialdepositedintoopenwater;

(iii) bydepositing,assoonaspracticableafter

excavation,inlayerstomeetthecompactionrequirementsofClause612asrequiredfor

eachClassofmaterialinTable6/1,except

that:

(a) materialrequiringendproduct

compactionshallbedepositedinlayers

notexceeding250mmuncompacted

thickness;(b) materialplacedintoopenwatershallbe

depositedbyendtippingwithoutcompaction;

(c) materialdepositedinareastoreceive

dynamiccompactioncomplyingwithClause630shallbedepositedand

compactedtotherequirementstherein.

(iv) totherequirementsofthisClauseandanyotherrequirementsforfillinthisSeries.

2 StarterlayersofClasses6B,6Cor6Dmaterialsas

describedinAppendix6/3shallbedepositedasthefirstlayerorlayersoffillaboveexistinggroundlevelor,if

appropriate,aboveanygroundimprovementrequiredby

Appendix6/13.StarterlayersbelowClass2Epulverised-fuelashgeneralfillshallbeClass6D

material.Plantmovementacrossstarterlayermaterial

shallberestrictedtothatplantwhichisnecessaryforitsdeposition,spreadingandcompactionincompliance

withthisClauseandClause612andanyplantrequiredtocarryoutanygroundimprovementbeneathitifrequiredbyClause630.TheContractorshalltakeall

reasonablemeasurestopreventdamagetothe

underlyingstrata,whichmayincludeuseoflighterspreadingplantorareductionofthenumberofpasses

ofcompactionplant.

3 CoarsegranularmaterialClasses1Cand6Bshall,beforecompaction,bespreadinlayersbyacrawler

tractorofnotlessthan15tonnestotalmass.After

compactioneachlayershall,ifvoidsremain,beblinded

withanapprovedClassofgranularmaterialcomplying

withTable6/1sothatallsurfacevoidsarefilledbeforethenextlayerandbeforeanycappingorsub-baseis

constructed.

4 Embankmentsandotherareasoffillshall,unless

otherwiserequiredintheContract,beconstructed

evenlyovertheirfullwidthandtheirfullestpossibleextentandtheContractorshallcontrolanddirect

constructionalplantandothervehiculartraffic

uniformlyoverthem.Damagebyconstructionalplantandothervehiculartrafficshallbemadegoodbythe

Contractorwithmaterialhavingthesamecharacteristics

andstrengthasthematerialhadbeforeitwasdamaged.5 Embankmentsandotherareasofunsupportedfills

shallnotbeconstructedwithsteepersideslopes,orto

greaterwidthsthanthosedescribedinAppendix6/3,excepttopermitadequatecompactionattheedges

beforetrimmingback,ortoobtainthefinalprofile

followinganysettlementofthefillandtheunderlyingmaterial.Howeveranyoversteepeningorincreasein

widthshallnotexceedanylimitsdescribedin

Appendix6/3andshallremainonlyfortheminimumperiodsnecessaryconsistentwiththesafetyofthe

PermanentWorks.

6 Stagedconstructionoffillsandanycontrolledratesoffilling,shallbecarriedout,inaccordancewithany

requirementsdescribedinAppendix6/3including



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installationofinstrumentationanditsmonitoring,in

compliancewithClause629.

7 WhererequiredinAppendix6/3theContractorshallsurchargeembankmentsorotherareasoffill,as

describedthereinfortheperiodsstated.Ifsettlementofsurchargedfillresultsinanysurchargingmaterial,whichisunacceptableforuseinthefillbeing

surcharged,lyingbelowtheformationor,wherethereis

acapping,thesub-formation,theContractorshallremovethisunacceptablematerialanddisposeofitin

accordancewithClause602.Heshallthenbringthe

resultantleveluptoformationorsub-formation,asappropriate,withacceptablematerial.

8 Wherepipesinembankmentsorinotherareasof

fillarepermittedinAppendix5/1tobeconstructed

otherthaninatrench,thefillshallbebroughtuptoandoverthemequallyonbothsides.Thefillshallbe

depositedinevenlayersandshallnotbeheapedabovethepipe.Spreadingandcompactionshallbecarriedout

evenlywithoutdislodging,distortingordamagingthe

pipe.Powerrammersarenottobeusedwithin300mmofanypartofthepipeorjoint.

9 Thelast600mmdepthoffilluptosub-formation

level,orformationlevelasappropriate,shall,unlessotherwiserequiredintheContract,becarriedoutforthe

fullwidthofembankments,orbetweentheouter

extremitiesofthevergesinotherareasoffill,ina

continuousoperation.TheContractorshallthencontinuewithoutdelaytocarryouteither(i)or(ii)

below:

(i) formthesub-formationorformation,allinaccordancewithClauses613and616,

followingimmediatelyeitherby:

(a) theconstructionofthefullthicknessofcappingorsub-baseasappropriate;or

(b) ifpermittedinAppendix6/3,the

constructionofalesserthicknessof

cappingorsub-baseasdescribedthereinlaidasaweatherprotectionlayer;

(ii) placeanadditional300mmminimumcompactedthicknessofmaterialabove

sub-formationlevelorformationlevelas

appropriateforthefullwidthofthefillingtoformaweatherprotection.Thisweather

protectionshallbecomposedofthesame

materialasthesub-formationorformationandcompactedincompliancewithTable6/1.

Thematerialshallbeprovidedfromthe

Contractorsownresourcesandthe

protectionlayershallbeconstructedinacontinuousoperation.Forstabilisedcapping,

theprotectivelayershallconsistofunstabilisedmaterial.

10 Duringconstructionofembankmentsandotherfills,exposedsidesofClasses2Eand7Bpulverised-

fuelashmaterialshallbeprotectedagainstscourand

erosionfromanysource.

11 (05/01)CompletedslopesofClasses2Eand7BfillmaterialshallbecoveredimmediatelybyClass5topsoil

asrequiredinAppendix6/8orturforothermaterial,as

requiredinAppendix30/5.

12 Wheneverfillistobedepositedagainstthefaceof

anaturalslope,orslopingearthworksfaceincluding

embankments,cuttings,otherfillsandexcavations,suchfacesshallbebenchedorotherwiseshapedasrequired

inAppendix6/3immediatelybeforeplacingthe

subsequentfill.

13 Allpermanentfacesofsideslopesofembankments

andotherareasoffillformedinClasses2or7cohesivematerialsotherthanpulverised-fuelash,shall,subsequenttoanytrimmingoperations,bere-worked

andsealedbytrackingatrackedvehicle,suitableforthe

purpose,ontheslope,orbyothersuitablemethods.

609 Geotextiles Used to Separate EarthworksMaterials

1 GeotextilesrequiredaspartofthePermanent

Workstoseparateearthworksmaterialsatlocations

describedinAppendix6/5shallbemanufacturedfromsyntheticorotherfibresasrequiredthereinandbeinthe

formofthinpermeablemembranes.

2 TheContractorshallprovideevidencetothe

OverseeingOrganisation,beforethegeotextileis

incorporatedinthePermanentWorks,thatthegeotextile

willbesufficientlydurable,wheninstalledincontactwiththematerialstobeseparated,tomaintainits

integrityforatleastthelifeperiodrequiredin

Appendix6/5.

3 Geotextilesshallbeprotectedatalltimesagainst

mechanicalorchemicaldamage.ThosesusceptibletodamagebylightshallnotbeuncoveredbetweenmanufactureandincorporationinthePermanentWorks.

Temporaryexposureshallnotexceed5hours.

4 ThemethodofselectionandtherequirednumberofsamplesareasdescribedinAppendix6/5.Samplesshall

betakenfromtheconsignmentofgeotextiletobeused

inthePermanentWorks.Samplesandtestpiecescutfromthemshallcomplywithsub-Clause7ofthis

Clauseandtestpiecesshallbetestedatalaboratoryto

provethatthegeotextilemeetsthefollowingcriteriaorothercriteriadescribedinAppendix6/5:

(i) Thegeotextileshallsustainatensileloadof

notlessthanthatvaluegiveninAppendix6/5,determinedinawidestrip



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tensiletestcarriedoutinaccordancewith

BS6906:Part1.Thecharacteristicstrength

shallbetakenasthevalueofthestrengthofthematerialbelowwhichnotmorethan5%

ofthetestresultsmaybeexpectedtofall.Thisrepresentsthestrengthat1.64standarddeviationsbelowthemeanstrength.

(ii) Thegeotextileshallallowwatertoflow

throughit,atrightanglestoitsprincipalplane,ineitherdirection,atarateofnotless

than10litres/m2/sunderaconstantheadof

waterof100mm,determinedinaccordance

withBS6906:Part3.Theflowratedeterminedinthetestshallbecorrectedto

thatapplicabletoatemperatureof15C

usingpublisheddataonvariationinviscosity

ofwaterwithtemperature.

(iii) Thegeotextileshallhaveasizedistribution

ofporeopeningssuchthatthemean090,is

between100micronsand300microns,determinedinaccordancewith

BS6906:Part2.

5 ThegeotextileshallbelaidandlappedasdescribedinthisClauseorasdescribedinAppendix6/5and

wherelappingisemployedadjacentsheetsorstripsof

geotextileshallbeoverlappedbyatleast300mm,orotherdimensiondescribedinAppendix6/5.

6 Thelayerofmaterialonwhichthegeotextileisto

beplacedshallnothaveprotrusionsorsharpprojectionswhicharelikelytodamagethegeotextileduring

installationorinservice.Themethodofinstallation

shallensurethatthegeotextileisincontinuouscontactwiththesurfaceonwhichitistobeplacedandthe

geotextileshallnotbestretchedorbridgedoverhollows

orhumps.Operationofconstructionplantdirectlyontheinstalledgeotextilewillnotbepermittedandits

coveringwithfillmaterialshalltakeplaceimmediately

afteritslaying.

7 Allsamplesandtestpiecescutfromthemshallbemaintainedinacleananddrycondition,exceptfor

normalcontaminationandwettingduringtesting,andshallberetainedbytheContractorinaccordancewith

Appendix6/5.Priortodeterminationofporesizeand

tensilestrength,testpiecesshallbeconditionedandbroughtintoequilibriumatatemperatureof202C,

andarelativehumidityof655%.Thedryweightof

thegeotextiletestedshallbequoteding/m.

8 Thenumberoftestsonsamplesshallbeasrequired

inAppendix6/5.

610 Fill to Structures

1 ThisClauseshallapplytofilltostructuresotherthan:

(i) fillforreinforcedearthstructures,includingassociateddrainagelayers;

(ii) fillforanchoredearthstructuresincluding

associateddrainagelayers;

(iii) fillforsurroundandbeddingofcorrugated

steelburiedstructures;

(iv) fillabovestructuralconcretefoundations

unlessotherwiserequiredinAppendix6/6.

2 Materials,asrequiredorpermittedinAppendix6/6ofClasses6N,6P,7Aor7Bandcomplyingwith

Table6/1shallbeusedasfilltostructures,inthelocationsdescribedinAppendix6/6.

3 TheContractorshallcompact,incompliancewith

Clause612,end-productcompaction,Class6N,6P,7A

and7BmaterialtosatisfythecompactionrequirementsforthoseClassesaslistedinTable6/1,butsubjecttothe

restrictionsinsub-Clauses4and5ofthisClause.

4 Wherefilltostructuresisrequiredtothesamelevelonmorethanonesideofastructuralelementorburied

structure(exceptwhereClause623applies)itshallbe

maintainedatheightsnotdifferingbymorethan250

mmaftercompactiononopposingsidesofthestructuralelementasfillingproceeds.

5 TheContractorshallrestrictcompactionplantusedonfilltostructures,within2mofastructure,tothe

followingitemsasdescribedinsub-Clause612.10and

listedinTable6/4:

(i) vibratoryrollerhavingamasspermetre

widthofroll,asdeterminedbysub-Clause

612.10,notexceeding1,300kgwithatotalmassnotexceeding1,000kg;

(ii) vibratingplatecompactorhavingamassnot

exceeding1,000kg;

(iii) vibro-tamperhavingamassnotexceeding

75kg.

Thecompactedlevelofthefillwithinthiszoneshallnotdifferduringconstructionfromthecompactedlevelof

theremainderoftheadjoiningfilltostructuresbymore

than250mm.

6 WhererequiredinAppendix6/6,Class6N,6Pand

7Bmaterialshallbeshown,bymeansofatrialutilising

notlessthan20m3ofthematerial,depositedand

compactedinaccordancewiththisClause,tobestable,whenitistrimmedtoaslopeof1verticalto1

horizontal,orotherslopedescribedinAppendix6/6.



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611 Fill Above Structural ConcreteFoundations

1 Filldepositedabovestructuralconcretefoundations

shallbe,asshownontheDrawings:

(i) Class6N,6P,7Aor7BselectedfillmaterialcomplyingwithClause610including

compactionrequirements;

(ii) Class6Mselectedfillmaterial,depositedandcompactedinaccordancewithClause623,

abovethefoundationofarchprofile

corrugatedsteelburiedstructures;

(iii) anotherclassofselectedfillorgeneralfill

complyingwithTable6/1depositedand

compactedincompliancewithClauses608

and612andinadditionbesubjecttosub-Clauses610.4and5.

612 Compaction of Fills

General

1 Exceptfordynamiccompaction,whichshall

complywithClause630,andunlessotherwisedescribed

inAppendix6/3,theContractorshallcarryoutcompactionincompliancewiththisClause,assoonas

practicableafterdeposition,onallthoseClassesoffill

inTable6/1whichrequiretobecompacted.

2 Compactionshallbeeithermethodorend-product

asrequiredfortheClassoffillinTable6/1,usingplant

appropriatetotheClassoffillandthesiteconditions.

3 TheContractorshallobtainpermissionfromthe

OverseeingOrganisationbeforecarryingout

compactionoutsidenormalworkinghours.

Method Compaction

4 Wheremethodcompactionisrequiredtobe

adopteditshallcomplywithsub-Clauses5to10ofthisClause.

5 Exceptasstatedinsub-Clause6ofthisClause,

methodcompactionshallbeundertakenusingtheplantandmethodsinTable6/4appropriatetothecompaction

requirementsaslistedinTable6/1fortheClassof

materialbeingcompacted.

6 PlantandmethodsnotincludedinTable6/4shall

onlybeusedprovidingtheContractordemonstratesat

sitetrialsthatastateofcompactionisachievedbythealternativemethodequivalenttothatobtainedusingthe

specifiedmethod.7 Earthmovingplantshallnotbeacceptedascompactionequipmentnorshalltheuseofalighter

categoryofplanttoprovideanypreliminarycompactiontoassisttheuseofheavierplantbetakenintoaccount

whenassessingtheamountofcompactionrequiredfor

anylayer.

8 IfmorethanoneClassofmaterialisbeingusedinsuchawaythatitisnotpracticabletodefinetheareas

inwhicheachClassoccurs,theContractorshallcompactwithplantoperatingasifonlythematerial

whichrequiresthegreatercompactiveeffortisbeing

compacted.

9 TheContractororOverseeingOrganisationmay

carryoutfielddrydensitytestsasdescribedinsub-

Clause15ofthisClauseonmaterialcompactedtomethodrequirementsatafrequencydefinedin

Appendix6/3.Iftheresultsoffieldtestsshowdensities

whichindicatethestateofcompactiontobeinadequate,thenifthisisduetofailureoftheContractortocomply

withtherequirementsoftheContract,theContractor

shallcarryoutsuchfurtherworkasisrequiredto

complywiththeContract.

10 ForthepurposesofTable6/4thefollowingshall

apply:

(i) TheminimumnumberofpassesNistheminimumnumberoftimesthateachpointon

thesurfaceofthelayerbeingcompacted

shallbetraversedbytheitemofcompaction

plantinitsoperatingmode,orstruckbypowerrammersorfallingweightcompactors.

Disthemaximumdepthofthecompactedlayer.

(ii) IncolumnheadedN#thenumberofpasses

shownistobedoubledformaterialClasses1A,1B,2A,2B,2Cand2Dwhensuch

materialsoccurwithin600mmofsub-

formation(ifcappingisrequired)orformation.Suchextracompactionshall,

unlessotherwisedescribedinAppendix6/3,

eitherbecarriedoutforthefullwidthofthe

embankmentor,inotherareasoffillwhicharetoreceiveapavement,betweentheouter

extremitiesoftheverges.

(iii) ThecompactionplantinTable6/4is

categorisedintermsofstaticmass.Themass

permetrewidthofrollisthetotalmassontherolldividedbythetotalrollwidth.Where

asmoothwheeledrollerhasmorethanone

axlethecategoryofthemachineshallbedeterminedonthebasisoftheaxlegivingthe

highestvalueofmasspermetrewidth.

(iv) Agridrollerisamachinewithacompactingrollorrollsconstructedofheavysteelmesh

ofsquarepattern.



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(v) Adeadweighttampingrollerisamachine

witharollorrollsfromwhichfeetproject

andwheretheprojectedendareaofeachfootexceeds0.01mandthesumofthe

areasofthefeetexceeds15%oftheareaofthecylindersweptbytheendsofthefeet.Therequirementsfortampingrollersapplyto

machinesthathave2rollsintandem.Ifonly

onetampingrolltraverseseachpointonthesurfaceofthelayeronanyonepassofthe

machine,theminimumnumberofpasses

shallbetwicethenumbergiveninTable6/4plusanyfurtherdoublingrequiredtosatisfy

(ii)above.

(vi) Forpneumatic-tyredrollersthemassper

wheelisthetotalmassoftherollerdivided

bythenumberofwheels.Inassessingthenumberofpassesofpneumatic-tyredrollers

theeffectivewidthshallbethesumofthewidthsoftheindividualwheeltracks

togetherwiththesumofthespacings

betweenthewheeltracksprovidedthateachspacingdoesnotexceed230mm.Wherethe

spacingsexceed230mmtheeffectivewidth

shallbethesumofthewidthsoftheindividualwheeltracksonly.

(vii) Avibratorytampingroller,whichmaybe

self-propelledortowed,isamachinehaving

ameansofapplyingmechanicalvibrationtooneormorerolls.Therollorrollshave

projectingfeetwheretheheightofeachfoot

exceeds10%oftheradiusoftherolldrum,theprojectedendareaofeachfootexceeds

0.1%oftherolldrumsurfacearea,andthe

sumoftheareasofthefeetexceeds10%oftheareaofthecylindersweptbytheendsof

thefeet.

Therequirementsfortheoperationof

vibratorytampingrollersshallbethesameas

thosestatedforvibratoryrollersinsub-Clause(viii)exceptthatvibratorytamping

rollersoperatingwithoutvibrationwillbeclassifiedasdeadweighttampingrollers.

(viii) Vibratoryrollersareself-propelledortowed

smooth-wheeledrollershavingmeansof

applyingmechanicalvibrationtooneormorerollsexceptthatvibratoryrollersemployed

forMethod5compactionshallbesingleroll

types.

Vibratoryrollersoperatingwithoutvibration

willbeclassifiedassmooth-wheeledrollers. Therequirementsforvibratoryrollersare

basedontheuseofthelowestgearonaself-propelledmachinewithmechanical

transmissionandaspeedof1.5to2.5km/h

foratowedmachine,oraself-propelledmachinewithhydrostatictransmission.If

highergearsorspeedsareusedanincreased

numberofpassesshallbeprovidedinproportiontotheincreaseinspeedoftravel.

Wherethemechanicalvibrationisappliedto

tworollsintandem,theminimumnumberofpassesshallbehalfthenumbergivenin

Table6/4fortheappropriatemasspermetre

widthofonevibratingrollbutifonerolldiffersinmasspermetrewidthfromthe

otherthenumberofpassesshallbe

calculatedasfortherollwiththesmallestvalue.Alternativelytheminimumnumberof

passesmaybedeterminedbytreatingthe

machineashavingasinglevibratingrollwithamasspermetrewidthequaltothatof

therollwiththehighervalue.

Vibratoryrollersshallbeoperatedwiththeirvibratorymechanismoperatingonlyatthe

frequencyofvibrationrecommendedbythe

manufacturers.Wheremorethanoneamplitudesettingisavailableand/orarange

offrequenciesisrecommended,themachine

shallbeoperatedatthemaximumamplitudesettingandatthemaximumrecommended

frequencyforthatsetting. Vibratoryrollersshallbeequippedor

providedwithdevicesindicatingthefrequencyatwhichthemechanismis

operatingandthespeedoftravel.Both

devicesshallbecapableofbeingreadbyaninspectoralongsidethemachine.

(ix) Vibrating-platecompactorsaremachines

havingabase-platetowhichisattachedasourceofvibrationconsistingofoneortwo

eccentricallyweightedshaftsand:

(a) themasspersquaremetreofthebase-plateofavibrating-plate

compactoriscalculatedbydividingthe

totalmassofthemachineinitsworkingconditionbyitsareaincontactwith

compactedmaterial;

(b) vibrating-platecompactorsshallbeoperatedatthefrequencyofvibration

recommendedbythemanufacturers.

Theyshallnormallybeoperatedattravellingspeedsoflessthan1km/hbut

ifhigherspeedsarenecessarythenumberofpassesshallbeincreasedinproportiontotheincreaseinspeedof

travel.



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(x) Vibro-tampersaremachinesinwhichan

engine-drivenreciprocatingmechanismacts

onaspringsystemthroughwhichoscillationsaresetupinabase-plate.

(xi) Powerrammersaremachineswhichareactuatedbyexplosionsinaninternalcombustioncylinder,eachexplosionbeing

controlledmanuallybytheoperator.

(xii) Droppingweightcompactorsaremachinesinwhichadeadweightisdroppedfroma

controlledheightusingahoistmechanism

andtheyincludeself-propelledmachineswithmechanicaltraversingmechanisms

capableofcompactingsoilintrenchesand

closetostructures.

(xiii) Inthecaseofpowerrammersanddropping-weightcompactorsonepasswillbe

consideredasmadewhenthecompactingshoehasmadeonestrikeontheareain

question.

(xiv) Foritemsmarked*intheMethod3columnofTable6/4therollershallbetowedby

track-layingtractors.Self-propelledrollers

areunsuitable.

(xv) Wherecombinationsofdifferenttypesor

categoriesofplantareused,thefollowing

shallapply:

(a) thedepthoflayershallbethatforthetypeofplantrequiringtheleastdepthof

layer;and

(b) thenumberofpassesshallbethatforthetypeofplantrequiringthegreatest

numberofpasses.

End-product Compaction

11 Whereend-productcompactionisrequireditshall

complywithsub-Clauses12to15ofthisClause.

12 (05/01)TheContractorshallatleast7daysbefore

commencementofend-productcompactionmakeavailablethefollowingtotheOverseeingOrganisation:

(i) thevaluesofmaximumdrydensityandthe

optimummoisturecontentobtainedinaccordancewithBS1377:Part4usingthe

2.5kgrammermethodorvibratinghammer

methodasappropriateforeachofthefillshe

intendstousewhichmeettherequirementsofthepermittedClassorClasses(where

withinanyClassofmaterialthefillcontains

materialhavingdifferentmaximumdrydensitiesandoptimummoisturecontentsthe

Classshallbefurthersub-divided,by

extendingtheidentificationsystem,inorder

tomonitorthecompacteddensity);

(ii) agraphofdensityplottedagainstmoisture

contentfromwhicheachofthevaluesin(i)

aboveofmaximumdrydensityandoptimummoisturecontentweredeterminedand,for

Class7Amaterial,aplotofthe5%airvoids

curveforeachsub-division.

13 Oncetheinformationcontainedinsub-Clause12of

thisClausehasbeenmadeavailabletotheOverseeing

Organisationitshallformthebasisforcompaction.

14 Fillcompactedtoend-productrequirementsshall

haveafielddrydensity,measuredinaccordancewith

sub-Clause15ofthisClause,equaltoorgreaterthanthepercentagegiveninTable6/1ofthemaximumdry

densityfortherelevantClassoffillpreviouslymadeavailabletotheOverseeingOrganisationinaccordancewithsub-Clause12ofthisClause.

15 Thefielddrydensityreferredtoinsub-Clause14

ofthisClauseshallbemeasuredinaccordancewithBS1377:Part9,exceptthatnuclearmethodsshallonly

beusedwhererequiredorpermittedinAppendix6/3.

Wherenuclearmethodsareused,thegaugeshallbecalibratedinaccordancewithBS1377:Part9.

613 Sub-formation and Capping

1 (05/01)Cappingshallbeprovidedonlyinthoselocations,andtotheextent,particularlystatedin

Appendix6/7tobeconstructedwithcapping.Itshall

complywiththisClauseandinaddition,forstabilisedcapping,withClauses614,615and643asappropriate.

2 (05/04)CappingshallbeconstructedwithClass

6F1,6F2,6F3,6F4,6F5,6S,9A,9B,9C,9D,9Eor9F

materialasrequiredorpermittedinAppendix6/7andcomplyingwithTable6/1.

3 (05/04)Unlessotherwisedescribedin

Appendix6/7,cappingshalleitherconsistofoneClassofcappingmaterialthroughoutitsdepthlaidinoneor

morelayersofcompactedthicknesscomplyingwith

Clause612,orbeformedofnotmorethantwoelementsofdifferentcappingmaterials.Eachelementshallbe

formedofoneormorelayersofthesamecapping

material,eachofcompactedthicknesscomplyingwithClause612.Class9Dor9Estabilisedcappingmaterial

shallnotbeplacedorconstructedaboveClass6F

granularcappingmaterialorClass6Sgranularfilterlayermaterial.

4 WhererequiredinAppendix6/7,beforecommencingtheconstructionofcappinginthePermanentWorks,theContractorshalldemonstratethe

methods,equipmentandmaterialsheproposestouseby



15/75


constructinganarea,orareasasappropriate,ofcapping

onatypicalpreparedsub-formationtothesame

thicknessasrequiredinthePermanentWorks.Theareaofeachcappingconstructiondemonstrationshallbenot

lessthan700m.5 (05/01)ThematerialsplacedduringthedemonstrationmayformpartofthePermanentWorks,

providedtheymeettherequirementsoftheContract,or

becarriedoutelsewhereontheSitewherethisisdetailedinAppendix6/7.Aftercompletionofeach

demonstrationareatheContractorshallwithinaperiod

ofnotgreaterthan5daysandbeforecommencingthemainconstructionoftheappropriatecappinginthe

PermanentWorks,carryouttestsoneachdemonstration

areaandprovidetheOverseeingOrganisationwith

recordssubstantiatingcompliancewiththestipulated

criteriaofAppendix6/7.WhererequiredbyAppendix6/7theContractorshallprovidesheeting,to

protectthedemonstrationarea.

6 Thedemonstrationareashall,ifitdoesnotmeetthe

requirementsforthePermanentWorksorislocated

elsewhereonsite,beremovedandtheareareinstatedinaccordancewithAppendix6/7.

7 Themethodsandmaterialsusedintheaccepted

demonstrationshallnotbechangedduringthecourseoftheWorkswithouttheconstructionofafurther

demonstrationwheresuchdemonstrationsarerequired

byAppendix6/7.

8 UnlessotherwisestatedinAppendix6/7,the

sub-formationshallhavethesamelongitudinalgradient,

crossfallandsurfaceleveltolerancesastheformation.

9 TheContractorshalllimitanyunprotectedareaof

sub-formation,whichistoreceivecappingtosuitthe

outputoftheplantinuseandtherateofdepositionofcapping.

10 Nounprotectedsub-formationwhichistoreceive

cappingshallremaincontinuouslyexposedtorain

causingdegradation,norbeleftuncoveredovernight.11 (05/01)IncuttingstheContractorshall,aspermittedorrequiredinAppendix6/7carryoutoneofthe

followingprocedures:

(i) (05/04)forClass6FgranularcappingmaterialorClass6Sgranularfilterlayermaterial,

excavatebelowformationleveltoadepthto

acceptthecapping,trimthesurfacetoformthesub-formationandimmediatelycompact

withonepassofasmooth-wheeledroller

havingamasspermwidthofrollnotless

than2,100kgoravibratoryrollerhavingamasspermwidthofrollnotlessthan700kg

oravibratingplatecompactorhavingamass

permofnotlessthan1,400kg,exceptthat

onlysmoothwheeledrollersshallbeusedon

Class3chalkmaterial,andimmediatelydepositandcompactaboveitacappingin

Class6FgranularcappingmaterialorClass

6Sgranularfilterlayermaterial;or(ii) forClass9A,9B,9C,9D,9Eor9Fcapping

materialconstructthecappingbystabilising

theintactmaterial,providingitcomplieswithClass6E,6R,7E,7F,7Gor7Imaterial

requirements,immediatelybelowformation

toformClass9A,9B,9C,9D,9Eor9Fmaterial,respectively;or

(iii) (05/04)excavatebelowformationtosufficientdepthtoenablestabilisationofintactClass

6E,6R,7E,7F,7Gor7Imaterialtobe

carriedout,toproduceClass9A,9B,9C,9D,9Eor9Fmaterialformingthelowerelement

ofthecapping(afterstabilisationofthis

element,thecappingshallbecompletedbydepositingafurtherlayerorlayersofClass

6E,6R7E,7F,7G,or7Imaterialand

stabilisingittoformClass9A,9B,9C,9D,9Eor9Fcappingordepositingand

compactingClass6Fgranularcapping

materialtoformtheupperelementofthecapping);or

(iv) (05/04)excavatetosub-formationleveland

depositmaterialcomplyingwithClasses6E,6R,7E,7F,7G,or7ItobestabilisedtoformacappingofClass9A,9B,9C,9D,9Eor9F

layers.

Whereastabilisedlayerisdirectlyoverlain

byClass6Fgranularcappingmaterialthestabilisedlayershallbecompactedasfora

sub-formationin11(i)above.

12 (05/01)OnembankmentsandotherareasoffilltheContractorshall,aspermittedorrequiredin

Appendix6/7carryoutoneofthefollowingprocedures:

(i) (05/04)completetheembankmenttoformthesub-formationorremoveanyprotectionlayer

andtrimthesurfacetoformthesub-

formation,andinbothcasescompactwithonepassofasmooth-wheeledrollerhavinga

masspermwidthofnotlessthan2,100kgor

avibratoryrollerofnotlessthan700kgpermwidthoravibratingplatecompactor

havingamasspermofnotlessthan

1,400kg,(exceptthatonlysmooth-wheeled

rollersshallbeusedonClass3chalk

material)andimmediatelyconstructaboveit,inoneormorelayers,Class6Fgranular

cappingmaterialorClass6Sgranularfilterlayermaterial;or



16/75


(ii) constructtheembankmenttosufficient

heightandcarryoutstabilisationtoforma

cappingofClass9A,9B,9C,9D,9Eor9Fmaterialinoneormorelayersutilisingwhere

appropriateanyprotectionlayerpreviouslyconstructed;or

(iii) (05/04)formulti-elementcapping,

incorporatingstabilisedmaterial,construct

theembankmenttosufficientheighttocarryouttheworkdescribedin12(ii)aboveand

immediatelyconstructaboveitoneormore

layersofClass6Fgranularcappingmaterial.

WhereastabilisedlayerisdirectlyoverlainbyClass6Fgranularcappingmaterialthe

stabilisedlayershallbecompactedasfora

sub-formationin12(i)above.13 ForClass6F3materialOptimumMoistureContent

shallbedeterminedaccordingtoBS1377:Part4

Method3.7(vibratinghammertest).Measurementsofmoisturecontentbothforcontrolpurposesandfor

optimummoisturecontentdeterminationshallbe

accordingtoBS1377:Part2Method3(ovendrymethod)butusinganovenonareducedtemperature

settingof45to50C.

14 (05/04)FilterlayersconstructedofClass6Sgranular

filterlayermaterialshallbeprotectedfromdamageby

trafficandconstructionplant.TheContractorshallsoorganiseworkthatonlythetrafficdirectlyengagedin

depositing,spreadingandcompactingthefilterlayershallbepermittedaccesstothesurfaceofthislayer.At

notimeshalltheContractorpermittheleadingedgeof

thefilterlayertoextendmorethan100metresbeyondtheleadingedgeofthesucceedinglayerofsubbase.

614 Cement Stabilisation to Form Capping

1 Wherecappingistoconsistof,eitherwhollyorin

part,cementstabilisedmaterialClass9A,9Bor9C,this

Clauseshallapplytotheconstructionofthosepartswhicharestabilisedwithcement.

2 MaterialtobestabilisedwithcementshallbeClass6E,Class7FandClass7Gmaterialsallcomplyingwith

Clause601andTable6/1.Unlessotherwisedescribedin

Appendix6/7cementshallbePortlandcementcomplyingwithClause1001.

3 Class6E,7For7Gmaterialtobestabilisedshall

haveaddedtoit,atanypoint,thatquantityofcementmeasuredasapercentageofitsdryweightas

determinedonthedemonstrationarea,tomeetthe

requiredbearingratioinAppendix6/1,subjecttoaminimumof2%cement.

4 Theappropriatequantityofcementshallbe

uniformlyspread,byasuitablespreadingmachine,ontopofthelayertobeprocessed.Usingacollectingtray

andbalancetheContractorshallchecktherateofspread

ofthemachineonceforevery500mofcementspread.5 UnlessindicatedotherwiseinAppendix6/7,Class

6E,7For7Gmaterialshallbestabilisedinasingle

layerifitscompactedthicknessis250mmorless.Ifitscompactedthicknessisgreater,thematerialshallbe

stabilisedinlayersnotlessthan130mmandnotmore

than250mmthick,includinganycutting-inrequiredbysub-Clause9ofthisClause.

6 TheContractorshallnotcarryoutcement

stabilisationwhentheshadetemperatureisbelow3Cunlessonarisingthermometerabove0C.Cement

stabilisationshallnotbecarriedoutduringperiodsofrainorwhenrainisimminent.Whencementisspreadonmateriallikelytocauseprematurehydration,

processinginaccordancewithsub-Clause7ofthis

Clauseshallfollowimmediately.

7 UnlessindicatedotherwisebyAppendix6/7,Class

6E,7For7Gmaterialformingthelayertobestabilised

shallbeprocessedbypulverisingandmixinginthecementbymeansofasufficientnumberofpassesofa

suitablemobilestabilisingmachineuntil95%ofthesilt

andclayfractionisreducedtoparticlesorlumpspassingaBS28mmsieveafterdrysievingandthe

pulverisationcomplieswithTable6/1.

8 (11/05)Duringprocessing,sufficientwatershallbeavailableinthematerialtohydratethecementand

enablesatisfactorymixingandcompactiontobe

achieved.Anyaddedwatershallbethroughanintegral

spray-baronthestabilisingmachine.Anyaddedwatershallhaveasulfatecontentnotexceeding1400mg/las

SO4,whentestedinaccordancewithTestNo.1of

TRLReport447.

9 Thestabilisingmachineshallbeequippedwitha

deviceforcontrollingthedepthofprocessingwhich

shallbemaintainedatthecorrectsettingatalltimes.Anoverlapof150mmshallbemadebetweenadjacent

passesofthestabilisingmachine.Whereasubsequent

layerofmaterialisplacedonalayerpreviouslystabilisedthetinesorbladesofthestabilisingmachine

shallbesetsothattheycutintothepreviouslystabilised

layerbelowbyatleast20mm.

10 (11/05)EachlayerofClass9A,9Bor9Cprocessedmaterialshallbecompactedassoonaspossibleafter

thefinalpassofthestabilisingmachine.Compaction

shallbecompletedwithin2hoursfollowingthemixing

ofthecementintothematerialtobestabilised.ImmediatelybeforecompactionClass9Bprocessed

materialshallhaveaMoistureConditionValue(MCV)ofnotgreaterthan12norlessthanthefigurestatedin



17/75


Appendix6/1forClass9Bcementstabilisedmaterial,

bothasdeterminedinaccordancewithClause632.

WatershallbeaddedifnecessaryinauniformmannertoenablethisMCVrequirementtobemet.Anyadded

watershallhaveasulfatecontentnotexceeding1400mg/lasSO4whentestedinaccordancewithTest

No.1ofTRLReport447.

11 ThecompactionofeachlayerofClass9Aor9B

materialshallcomplywithClause612,Table6/4

Method6orMethod7respectively,exceptthatiflayersofClass9Aor9Bgreaterthan250mmthicknessareto

beconstructed,thenumberofpassesofthecompaction

plantshallbedeterminedfromtheresultsofademonstrationareaasdetailedinAppendix6/7.

12 ThecompactionofClass9Cmaterialshallcomply

withClause612,endproductcompaction,tosatisfythecompactionrequirementsgiveninTable6/1ofthis

Class.

13 Class9A,9Band9CmaterialsshallbecuredinaccordancewithClause1035.Duringperiodswhenthe

airtemperatureisforecasttodropbelow3Corwhen

groundfrostisforecastClass9A,9Band9Cmaterialshallbeprotected,topreventfreezing,foraperiodof

7daysfromthetimeofcompletionofcompaction.Such

protectionshallbesealedtopreventtheingressofmoisture.

14 Class9A,9Band9CmaterialsshallnothaveothermaterialdepositedorcompactedabovethemuntilsuchtimeastherequiredbearingratioinAppendix6/1has

beenachieved.Therelaxationallowedinsub-Clause

617.2shallnotapplybeforethistime.

615 Lime Stabilisation to Form Capping

1 ThisClauseshallapplyonlytothosecapping

materialswhicharetobestabilisedwithlimetoform

materialClass9D.

2 MaterialtobestabilisedwithlimeshallbeClass7E

materialcomplyingwithClause601andTable6/1.

3 (11/03)Limeforlimestabilisationshall,asrequiredinAppendix6/7,beeitherquicklimeorhydratedlime

complyingwithBSEN459-1.Quicklimeshallwhen

sievedhave100%passingaBS10mmsieveandatleast95%bymasspassingaBS5mmsieve.

4 TheContractorshallmakeavailabletothe

OverseeingOrganisationforeachsourceoflimeareportofachemicalanalysisforavailablelimemade

inaccordancewithsub-Clause641.2.Suchreportsshall

bemadeavailabletotheOverseeingOrganisationprior

totheincorporationoflimeinthePermanentWorksatweeklyorotherintervalsdefinedinAppendix6/7

duringperiodswhenlimestabilisationiscarriedout.

5 Class7Ematerialtobestabilisedshallhaveaddedtoit,atanypoint,thepercentageofitsdryweightof

lime,asdeterminedonthedemonstrationarea,tomeet

therequiredbearingratioinAppendix6/1,subjecttoaminimumof2%byweightofavailablelimeasa

percentageofthedryweightoftheClass7Ematerial.

6 Limeofquantitycomplyingwithsub-Clause5ofthisClauseshallbeuniformlyspreadbyasuitable

spreadingmachineontopofthelayertobestabilised.

UsingacollectingtrayandbalancetheContractorshallchecktherateofspreadbyweight,onceforevery

500moflimespreadoradifferentrateoftestingfor

therateofspreadasdescribedinAppendix6/7.AtthesametimetheContractorshallcollectsamplesoflime

depositedonthetrayandtestthemforavailablelime

contentinaccordancewithClause641.

7 UnlessindicatedotherwiseinAppendix6/7,the

materialshallbestabilisedinasinglelayerifits

compactedthicknessis250mmorless.Ifitscompactedthicknessisgreater,thematerialshallbestabilisedin

layersnotlessthan130mmandnotmorethan250mm

thick,includinganycutting-inrequiredbysub-Clause12ofthisClause.

8 UnlessindicatedotherwiseinAppendix6/7lime

stabilisationshallbecarriedoutonlyduringthemonthsofMarchtoSeptemberinclusiveandwhentheshade

temperatureisnotbelow7C.Onlywhenthespecified

bearingratioisattainableatashadetemperaturelessthan7C,maylimestabilisationbecarriedoutatsuch

lowertemperature.Limestabilisationshallbe

suspendedifrainfallwillhaveanadverseeffectonthe

materialbeingstabilised.Thespreadingoflimeshallnotbecarriedoutinamannerorunderconditionsthat

willresultinlimebeingblownfromthesiteonto

adjacentlandorproperty.

9 UnlessindicatedotherwiseinAppendix6/7,the

materialformingthelayerstobestabilisedshallbe

processedbypulverisingandmixinginthelimeby

meansofsufficientnumberofpassesofasuitablemobilestabilisingmachineuntil95%oftheClass9D

processedmaterialpassesaBS28mmsieveafterdrysievingandthepulverisationcomplieswithTable6/1.

10 (11/05)Duringprocessingsufficientwatershallbe

availableinthematerialtoslakethequicklime(ifused)

andtoenablesatisfactorymixingandcompactiontobeachieved.Anyaddedwatershallbethroughanintegral

spray-baronthestabilisingmachine.Anyaddedwater

shallhaveasulfatecontentnotexceeding1400mg/lasSO

4whentestedinaccordancewithTestNo.1of

TRLReport447.

11 (11/05)Thelayershallreceiveatleasttwopassesof

thestabilisingmachinetopulveriseandmixthelimeandsoil,afterwhichtheprocessingshallbeinterrupted



18/75


byaperiodofnotlessthan24hoursandnotgreater

than72hours,toenablethelimetoreactwiththesoil.

Beforethisperiodcommencesthesurfaceofthelayershallbesealedwithonepassofasmoothwheeledroller

havingamasspermetrewidthofrollofnotlessthan2700kgorapneumatictyredrollerofnotlessthan1000kgperwheel.Attheendofthisperiodthelayer

shallreceiveonefurtherpassofthestabilisingmachine

ormoreifrequiredtoenablethematerialtocomplywithsub-Clauses9and13ofthisClause,addingwater

uniformlyifnecessary.Anyaddedwatershallhavea

sulfatecontentnotexceeding1400mg/lasSO4when

testedinaccordancewithTestNo.1ofTRLReport447.

12 Thestabilisingmachineshallbeequippedwitha

deviceforcontrollingthedepthofprocessingwhich

shallbemaintainedatthecorrectsettingatalltimes.An

overlapof150mmshallbemadebetweenadjacentpassesofthestabilisingmachine.Whereasubsequent

layerofmaterialisplacedonalayerpreviouslystabilisedthetinesorbladesofthestabilisingmachine

shallbesetsothattheycutintothepreviouslystabilised

layerbelowbyatleast20mm.

13 EachlayerofClass9Dprocessedmaterialshallbe

compactedassoonaspossibleafterthefinalpassofthe

stabilisingmachine.ImmediatelybeforecompactiontheprocessedmaterialshallhaveaMoistureCondition

Value(MCV)ofnotgreaterthannorlessthanthe

figuresstatedinAppendix6/1,forClass9Dlimestabilisedmaterial,bothasdeterminedinaccordance

withClause632.

14 Ifthereisadelayfollowingthefinalpassand

beforecommencementofcompactionthesurfaceshallbesealedbynotlessthan2passesofasmooth-wheeled

rollerhavingamasspermetrewidthofnotlessthan

2,700kgorofapneumatictyredrollerofnotlessthan1,000kgmassperwheel.Onrecommencementand

beforecompactionthelayershallbere-processed

withouttheadditionoflime,byasufficientnumberofpassesofthestabilisingmachinetomeettheMCV

requirementsofsub-Clause13ofthisClauseaddingwateruniformlyifnecessary.

15 Thecompactionofeachlayershallcomplywith

Clause612,Table6/4Method7exceptthatiflayers

morethan250mmthickareconstructedthenumberofpassesofthecompactionplantshallbethose

determinedfromresultsobtainedonademonstration

areaasdetailedinAppendix6/7.

16 Class9Dmaterialshallnothaveothermaterial

depositedorcompactedaboveituntilsuchtimeasthe

requiredbearingratioinAppendix6/1hasbeen

achieved.Therelaxationallowedinsub-Clause617.2shallnotapplybeforethistime.

616 Preparation and Surface Treatment ofFormation

1 Theformationshall,aftercompletionofany

subgradedrainage,andimmediatelybeforelayingsub-

baseonareasofcompletedformation,haveasurfaceleveltolerancewithin+20mmand-30mm,orother

leveloftolerancedefinedinAppendix6/7relativetoits

designedlevelaftercompletionofthefollowingoperationsasnecessary:

(i) (11/04)Anyprotectionlayershallberemoved

andanysoftordamagedareasshallbe

rectifiedbyexcavatingthemandreplacingwithacceptablematerialhavingthesame

characteristicsandstrengthasthe

surroundingmaterial.Thesurfaceofthe

formationshallbetrimmedandimmediatelycleanedfreefrommudandslurrywhichshall

bedealtwithasunacceptablematerialinaccordancewithsub-Clause#601.2.

(ii) Theformationshallimmediatelybe

compacted,inadditiontothecompactionrequiredforthefill.Thisadditional

compactionshallforthispurposebeassumed

tobeasforalayerof250mmfinishedthicknesscompactedincompliancewith

Clause612andTable6/4Method6except

forClass3materialswhereMethod4shallbeused.Immediatelyaftertheadditional

compactiontheformationshallbetrimmed

toachievethetolerancesofthissub-Clause.

2 Wherethetolerancesinsub-Clause1ofthisClause

areexceeded,theContractorshalldeterminethefull

extentoftheareawhichisoutoftoleranceandshallmakegoodtheformationasfollows:

(i) ifthesurfaceistoohighitshallbe

re-trimmedandre-compactedincompliancewithClause612andsub-Clause1ofthis

Clause;

(ii) ifthesurfaceistoolowitshallbecorrectedbytheadditionofacceptablematerial

complyingwithTable6/1having

characteristicsandstrengthmatchingtheoverlainmaterial,depositedandcompacted

incompliancewithClause608and612and

sub-Clause1ofthisClause.IncohesivematerialsClasses2and7,wherethislow

surfaceislessthan150mmbelowformation,

materialshallberemovedtoadepthofatleast150mmbelowformationbeforethe

additionalmaterialisdepositedandcompacted.



19/75


3 Aftertrimming,orre-trimmingifnecessary,the

formationshallberolledwithonepassofasmooth-wheeledrollerhavingamasspermetrewidth

ofrollnotlessthan2100kgor,exceptforClass3

material,avibratoryrollerhavingamasspermetrewidthofvibratingrollofnotlessthan700kgora

vibratingplatecompactorhavingamasspermunder

thebaseplateofnotlessthan1,400kg.

4 WhererequiredinAppendix6/7orwherethe

tolerancesinsub-Clause1ofthisClausecannotbe

achievedinthepreparationofformationinrockthenoneofthefollowingshallbecarriedoutsoastoachieve

theabovetolerances:

(i) thematerialshallbeexcavatedbelowformationtothedepthdescribedin

Appendix6/7.TheexcavatedmaterialshallbeprocessedasdescribedinAppendix6/7andre-depositedandcompactedin

compliancewithClauses608and612and

Table6/4Method6incompactedlayersnotgreaterthan250mmthick;or

(ii) (11/03)wheretherocksurfaceistabularitshallberegulatedbydepositingand

compactingcementboundmaterialas

describedinAppendix6/7,complyingwiththe1000Series,orST1concreteto

Clause2062.

5 TheContractorshalllimitanyareasofcompletedformationtosuittheoutputofplantinuseandtherate

ofdepositionofsub-base.Noformationofcohesive

materialClasses2and7shallremaincontinuouslyexposedtoraincausingdegradationorbeleftuncovered

overnight.

6 Thepreparationofformationonexistingsub-basematerialshallbecompletedasdescribedin

Appendix6/7.

617 Use of Sub-formation or Formation byConstruction Plant

1 Constructionplantandothervehiculartraffic

(exceptthatrequiredfortheconstructionofcapping)shallnotbeoperatedonthesub-formation,unless

adequateprotection,ifnecessaryinadditiontoany

weatherprotection,isprovided.

2 Constructionplantandothervehiculartraffic

(exceptforthatrequiredforpreparationoftheformation

incompliancewithClause616)shallnotbeoperatedontheformationunlessadequateprotection,ifnecessaryin

additiontoanyweatherprotectionisprovided.3 Inadditiontotherequirementsofsub-Clauses1and2ofthisClause,theContractorshallmakeavailable

totheOverseeingOrganisationhisproposalsforthe

protectionofthesub-formationorformationinareas

wheretheyarewithin300mmoftheexistinggroundlevel,aftertopsoilhasbeenstripped,beforeusing

constructionplantorothervehiculartrafficatorabove

sub-formationorformation.

618 (05/01) Topsoiling

1 TopsoilingshallbecarriedoutusingClass5

materialcomplyingwithTable6/1.

2 Importedtopsoil,Class5Bmaterial,shallonlybe

importedwhenrequiredinAppendix6/8,or

Appendix30/6.

3 WhenrequiredinAppendix6/8topsoilshallnotbe

excavatedfromstockpiles,whetheronsiteorimported:

(i) whichhavebeenexposedtoacumulativerainfallexceeding100mm,orotherfigurestatedinAppendix6/8,overthepreceding28

daysmeasuredatapointdetailedin

Appendix6/8;or

(ii) whenheavyrainisfalling;or

(iii) withatrackedvehicle;or

(iv) whichhavebeenstockpiledformorethan2years;or

(v) whicharefrozen;or

(vi) inthecaseoftopsoilwhichhasbeenstockpiledformorethan6months,unlessthe

stockpilehasbeentreatedwithatotal,

non-residualherbicideasrecentlyasisseasonallypossible(allowingtheperiodof

timerecommendedbythemanufacturerto

elapsepriortoexcavation).

4 Topsoilshall:

(i) bedepositedandspreadontheareas,tothe

thicknessesdescribedinAppendix6/8,inlayersnotexceeding150mm.Eachlayer

shallbefirmedbeforespreadingthenext.Thethicknessshallbereducedwherenecessarytoallowforanysubsequentturfing

requiredinAppendix30/5(itshallnotbe

spreadusingatrackedvehicle,whensostipulatedinAppendix6/8);

(ii) havestonesandotherdebrisremovedand

disposedoffSitewhichhave:

(a) dimensionsgreaterthan100mm

equivalentdiameter,unlessotherwise

permittedinAppendix6/8;and

(b) dimensionsgreaterthan50mm

equivalentdiameterwhichliewithin

50mmofthesurface;



20/75


(iii) begradedtosmoothcontours,eliminatingall

moundsanddepressionswherewatermay

collect;

(iv) nothavestonesorotherdebrisprotruding

abovethesurfacebymorethan30mm,andcomplywiththefurtherrequirementsofClauses3004and3005.

619 Earthwork Environmental Bunds

1 Earthworkenvironmentalbundsshallbe

constructedinthelocationsdescribedinAppendix6/9withfillmaterialscomplyingwiththerequirements

thereinandClause601andTable6/1.Depositionshall

beinaccordancewithClause608andcompactionwith

therequirementsofTable6/1unlessotherwisedescribedinAppendix6/9ortherequirementsof

sub-Clauses2or3ofthisClauseapply.

2 Earthworkenvironmentalbundsformedof

reinforcedoranchoredearthshallbeconstructedin

compliancewithClauses2502and622.

3 Earthworkenvironmentalbundsformedof

strengthenedembankmentsshallbeconstructedin

accordancewithClause621.

4 (05/01)WhererequiredinAppendix6/9earthworkenvironmentalbundsshallbetopsoiledinaccordance

withClause618andseeded,orturfed,allinaccordancewithClause3005.

620 Landscape Areas

1 Landscapeareasshallbeconstructedinthe

locationsshowninAppendix6/9withClass4material

asdescribedthereinandcomplyingwithTable6/1.

2 UnlessmethodcompactiontoClause612is

requiredinAppendix6/9thedegreeofcompactionof

Class4materialshallbesufficienttoremovelarge

voidsandtoproduceacoherentmasswhilstpreventingover-compactionandanybuildupofexcesspore

pressures.

3 Followingcompletionoffillingoflandscapeareas,

Class4materialshallwhererequiredinAppendix6/9,

beshapedasdescribedtherein.

4 Class4materialshallbedepositedinlandscape

areasafteranyadjoiningembankmentorotherareaof

fillhasbeencompleted.WherepermittedinAppendix6/9andprovidedtheadjoiningembankment

orotherareaoffillisalwayskeptatleast1mhigher

thanthelandscapeareafill,constructionofsuchlandscapeareamayproceeduntilcompletion.

5 (05/01)Landscapeareasshallbetopsoiledin

accordancewithClause618andseededorturfedinaccordancewithClause3005totherequirementsof

Appendix30/5.

621 Strengthened Embankments

1 Strengthenedembankmentsshallbeconstructedin

thelocationsandtothedetailsdescribedin

Appendix6/9withfillmaterialsandstrengthening

materialsdescribedtherein.

622 Earthworks for Reinforced Soil andAnchored Earth Structures

1 Theconstructionofearthworksforreinforcedsoil

andanchoredearthstructurestogetherwithassemblyanderectionofreinforcingandanchorelementsand

associatedcomponentsshallbeincompliancewiththisClauseandClause2502.

2 Excavationshallbecarriedoutincompliancewith

Clause604.

3 Fillforreinforcedsoilstructuresshall,exceptfor

theirassociateddrainagelayers,beofClass6I,6J,7B,

7Cor7DselectedmaterialcomplyingwithTable6/1aspermittedinAppendix6/1togetherwithanyother

additionalrequirementstherein.WhereClass7B

conditionedpulverised-fuelashisusedforfill,onlynon-metallicreinforcingelementsshallbeusedand

metallicfastenersshallbeofstainlesssteel.

4 Fillforanchoredearthstructuresshall,exceptfortheirassociateddrainagelayers,beof6Ior6Jselected

materialcomplyingwithTable6/1aspermittedin

Appendix6/1togetherwithanyotheradditionalrequirementstherein.

5 Drainagelayerstoreinforcedsoilandanchored

earthstructuresshallbeoneofthefollowingasappropriate:

(i) Class6HmaterialcomplyingwithTable6/1

andAppendix6/1.

(ii) (05/04)forusewithClass7Bmaterial,

uncrushed,partiallycrushedorcrushedgravelsandcomplyingwithBSEN12620,

finescontentcategoryf3andsizes0/4(CP),

0/4(MP)or0/2(MP)and,whenincontactwithmetalliccomponents,withthe

propertieslistedinTable6/3.

(iii) TypeBfilterdrainmaterialcomplyingwith

Clause505foruseonlyinhorizontaldrainagelayers.



21/75


Verticallayersofdrainagelayermaterial

shallbebroughtupatthesamerateasthe

adjoiningfillmaterialwithoutmixingorcontamination.

6 Inadditiontotherequirementsofsub-Clauses7and8ofthisClause,fillforreinforcedsoilandanchoredearthstructuresshallbedepositedand

compactedincompliancewithClauses608and612and

Table6/1,withmethodcompactionforClasses6H,6I,6J,7Cand7Dmaterialsandend-productcompaction

forClass7Bmaterial.Drainagelayermaterialother

thanClass6HshallbedepositedinaccordancewithClause608andcompactedasdescribedin

Appendix6/3.

7 Reinforcedsoilandanchoredearthstructuresshall

have:(i) thedepositionandcompactioncarriedoutso

thatalllayersofreinforcingandanchorelementsarefixedattherequiredlevelson

topofcompactedfill;

(ii) thedeposition,spreading,levellingandcompactionofthefillcarriedoutgenerallyin

adirectionparalleltothefacingandexecuted

instagestoalternatewiththeplacingandfixingofthereinforcingandanchorelements

andthefacingelements;

(iii) thereinforcingandanchorelementskeptasfreeaspossiblefromdamageor

displacementduringdeposition,spreading,

levellingandcompactionofthefill(alsothe

programmeoffillingshallbearrangedsothatnomachinesorvehiclesrunonthe

reinforcingoranchorelements);

(iv) allconstructionplant,andallothervehicles,havingamassexceeding1,000kg,keptat

least2mawayfromthebackofthefacing;

(v) within2mofthebackofthefacing,the

plantusedforcompactingthefillrestrictedtothefollowingitemsasdescribedin

sub-Clause612.10andlistedinTable6/4:

(a) vibratoryrollerhavingamasspermetre

widthofrollnotexceeding1,300kg

withatotalmassnotexceeding1,000kg;

(b) vibratingplatecompactorhavingamass

notexceeding1,000kg;

(c) vibrotamperhavingamassnot

exceeding75kg;

(vi) attheContractorsoption,thereinforcedsoilandanchoredearthfillbeyondthe2mzone

referredtoin(v)above,raisedinthicker

layersthanwithinthe2mzone,providing

thisiscompatiblewiththearrangementof

thereinforcingandanchorelementsandthedifferenceincompactedleveldoesnot

exceed300mm;

(vii) duringconstructionofthereinforcedsoiloranchoredearthstructuretheretainedfillat

therearofthestructure,asdefinedinsub-

Clause8ofthisClause,maintainedatthesamelevelastheadjoiningreinforcedsoilor

anchoredearthfill;

(viii) iftheretainedmaterialattherearofthereinforcedsoiloranchoredearthstructure,as

definedinsub-Clause8ofthisClause,isan

existingearthworkornaturalslopewhich

requiressupportingbytemporaryshoring,thisshoringshallberemovedprogressively

astheworkproceedstopreventthe

formationofvoids.

8 Therearofthereinforcedsoiloranchoredearth

structureisthepositioncoin

Specification for Highway Works series 600: earthworks

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