SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES is funded principally through a grant of the SPE FOUNDATION Th S it t f ll k ld th The Society gratefully acknowledges those companies that support the program by allowing their professionals to participate as Lecturers. Special thanks to The American Instit te of Mining Metall rgical Special thanks to The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) for their contribution to the program.
33
Embed
SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIESSPE DISTINGUISHED … · SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIESSPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES is funded principally through a grant of the SPE FOUNDATION
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
SPE FOUNDATIONTh S i t t f ll k l d thThe Society gratefully acknowledges those
companies that support the programby allowing their professionalsy g p
to participate as Lecturers.
Special thanks to The American Instit te of Mining Metall rgicalSpecial thanks to The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical,and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) for their contribution to the program.
Selection and Design Criteria Selection and Design Criteria Selection and Design Criteria Selection and Design Criteria ggfor Sand Control Screensfor Sand Control Screens
ggfor Sand Control Screensfor Sand Control Screens
William K. Ott, P.E.,
Well Completion Technology H t T USAHouston, Texas, USA
• Empirical selection criteria: COBERLY (ROGERS): 2 to 1 x d10 (largest 10%)COBERLY (ROGERS): 2 to 1 x d10 (largest 10%)SAUCIER: ~ 6.5 x d50
GILLESPI et al: Uc< 2 use d50, Uc~2 use d40, Uc> 2 use d30
SCHWARTZ: Uc < 3 use d10, Uc > 5 use d40, Uc > 10 use d70
BALLARD AND BEARE: d5 or d10 of finest sand that fails
7
• Semi-empirical method:SAND Software (developed by International Research Institute of Stavanger [IRIS])
Particle Size Distribution (PSD)Particle Size Distribution (PSD)
8
Comparison of Methods for Stand Alone Screen Selection
Screen PermeabilityScreen Permeability
• Any screen is permeable media through which flow penetrates under certain hydraulicflow penetrates under certain hydraulic conditions
• Major importance is to determine screenMajor importance is to determine screen permeability
True indicator of inflow capacityTrue indicator of inflow capacity Interface with formation, not open area, which is only part of the screen structurewhich is only part of the screen structure
• Permeability is 3D; open area 2D• Comparison criteria Screen permeability not
9
• Comparison criteria – Screen permeability, not % open area
SAND SoftwareSAND Software
Sieve Curves Sieve Analysis data from various measured depths
80
90
100(right) are input into Sand Software
Results presented in graph (below)
50
60
70
p g p ( )
Smallest slot opening where continuous sand production expected to occur
20
30
40expected to occur
Largest slot opening where sand production not expected to occur
0
10
20
1 10 100 1000
Smallest slot opening where no plugging is expected to occur
Largest slot opening where
“Safe” slot width range
10
G ra in S ize (mic rons)
g gsevere plugging is expected to be frequent
SPE 31087
Correct Slot Width or Micron RatingCorrect Slot Width or Micron Rating
Many operators do not use published empirical or semi-empirical selectionempirical or semi empirical selection methods• Coberly and Rogers - do not give reliable results
No accounting for sorting or uniformity of sandNo accounting for sorting or uniformity of sand• Gillespi et al, Schwartz and Ballard & Beare – better
•• Account for sand sorting and uniformityAccount for sand sorting and uniformity• SAND does not work with LPSA due to high
percentage of fines measuredpercentage of fines measuredStandard practice – perform sand retention tests with real or simulated formation sand
11
tests with real or simulated formation sand
Sand Retention Test MethodsSand Retention Test MethodsSLURRY TESTS
ISO Sand ControlISO Sand Control Screens Standard, ISO 17824
Scheduled to be sent to ballot in February 2008
16
ISO Sand Control Screens Standard, ISO 17824ISO Sand Control Screens Standard, ISO 17824
Scope: Sand Control Screens are
• Provide sand retention of the gravel pack and/or
mechanical filtration or retention devices to:
formation sand• Allow passage of fluids during well clean up,
production or any stimulation activitiesproduction or any stimulation activitiesProducts covered:• Wire wrap screensWire wrap screens• Pre-pack screens• Metal mesh screens
17
Slotted LinerSlotted Liner
Straight and Keystone Slots
18
Punched Slot LinerPunched Slot Liner
Stainless Steel Filt ti J k tFiltration Jacket
Support Ring
Base PipeBase Pipe
19
WireWire--Wrapped ScreenWrapped Screen• Came out in 1970s• Advantages
Keystone slotsHigh manufacturing efficiencyProfile materials can be stainlessProfile materials can be stainless steel
• DisadvantagesI t i i llInaccurate wire spacing can allow production of formation sand or pluggingCan be damaged when installed through doglegs, high angle and horizontal sections because of
20
horizontal sections because of vertical orientation between wrapped wires and support rods
Base PipeAll forces transferred through end connections
Tight Fit wrap-on-pipe construction
21
All forces are transferred to base pipe, and screen and base pipe behave as one unit
Rod Based Rod Based –– WireWire--Wrapped ScreenWrapped Screen
Wedge Wire(no base pipe)(no base pipe)
22
PrePre--Packed ScreensPacked Screens
D l Si l Sli P k23
Dual-screenprepack
Single-screenprepack
Slim-Pak
Metal MeshMetal Mesh• Stainless steel mesh developed in 1980s
Consists of base pipe, layered filtration j k t ( t t ) d tjacket (uneven pore structure) and outer shroudLess damage occurs during installation C i i t f t i l t lCorrosion resistance of stainless steel mesh
• Sintered (diffusion bonded) stainless steel mesh introduced in 1990s
Consists of base, multi-layer sintered metal mesh jacket (uniform pore
)structure) and outer shroudSimilar damage and corrosion resistance to non-sinteredHi h i 100
24
High pore size accuracy, even 100 μm diameter sand can be controlled
Metal MeshMetal Mesh
Layered with Non Uniform
PPores
SinteredSintered Laminate
with
Weave Patterns Uniform Pores
25
Shrouded Metal Mesh ScreensShrouded Metal Mesh Screens
Base Pipe
Base Pipe
26
Shrouded Metal Mesh Shrouded Metal Mesh –– Sintered ScreenSintered Screen
Base Pipe
Sintered LaminateFilter Media
Diffusion of Metal Molecules
27
Sintered Screen Filter MediaSintered Screen Filter Media
Technical Specification Summary
28
Shrouded Metal Mesh Shrouded Metal Mesh –– NonNon--Sintered ScreenSintered Screen
Protective Shroud
Micropore Weaves• Introduced in China
circa 2000• Uniform micropore
Weaves
Uniform micropore weave composite jacket on base pipe
Special welding technique eliminates costly sintering (diffusion bonding)Double-layer media and uniform pores improves
29
uniform pores improves performance Base Pipe
Shrouded Metal Mesh ScreenShrouded Metal Mesh Screen
Stainless Steel
Base
Wool ~ 600 Darcy
Pipe
Perforated Jacket
30
Expandable ScreensExpandable Screens
31
Next Generation SelfNext Generation Self--Expanding ScreenExpanding Screen
32
Guidelines for Screen SelectionGuidelines for Screen Selection
Select largest slot size or micron rating possible (under confines of required retentionpossible (under confines of required retention efficiency)Determine screen permeability if convenientDetermine screen permeability if convenientLarger open area of screen is betterScreen strength should be consideredScreen strength should be considered (protective shrouds, etc.)