SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program Primary funding is provided by The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers Additional support provided by AIME Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl
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SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program
Primary funding is provided by
The SPE Foundation through member donations
and a contribution from Offshore Europe
The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers
Additional support provided by AIME
Society of Petroleum Engineers
Distinguished Lecturer Programwww.spe.org/dl
Hani Elshahawi (FEAST)
Shell International E&P Inc.
Feb 2011-1 Hous1ton, Texas
Real-Time Monitoring and Control
in Formation Testing Applications
The Robotic Geologist
Image adapted from NASA website (http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov)
Remote-Controlled Surgery
Pictures courtesy of Intuitive Surgical Inc.
Mean while in the oil business...
Rep. Bruce Braley, D-Iowa to
Transocean CEO, Steve Newman:
"So you have no mirrored data device so that information is
recorded at some location other
than rig itself?"
Newman: "We do not have
real-time off-rig monitoring of
what's going on the vessel."
Lessons from Macondo
Real-Time Monitoring and Control
Requirements
� Secure web link
� Minimal delay
� Bi-directional
Operating Center
Oil company
Service Company
Wellsite
Benefits
� Travel, logistics
� HSE, personnel security
� Decision making when it counts
� Interdisciplinary collaboration/knowledge transfer
• Volumetrics
• Deliverability
• Completion
• Topsides
• Facilities
• Valuation
Why Formation Testing?
Image courtesy of Schlumberger
• Pressures
• Gradients and Contacts
• Sampling
• Downhole fluid analysis
• Permeability
• Insitu stress testing
Formation Testing Applications
Animation courtesy of Halliburton
Trends in Formation Testing
• Ever more challenging conditions
• Increasingly more complex tools
• Much more than data acquisition
• Design, execution, and evaluation
• Real time monitoring and control a MUST!
Image Courtesy of Baker Hughes
Example Real Time Decisions
• Adequate pressures and samples?
• Best place for sampling?
• Flowing pressure > saturation/solids onset?
• Mud contamination?
• Capture sample?
• Downhole fluid analysis?
• Stable pressure transient?Image Courtesy of Schlumberger
Real Time Enables Integration
• Different Technologies
• Various Disciplines
• Design, Execution and Evaluation
SPE 109862 (2007) and SPE 112947 (2008)
Image Courtesy of GeoservicesA Schlumberger Company
• Efficient extraction
• Improved transfer
• Quantified mud effect
• Enhanced analysis
• Real time analysis
Advanced Mud Gas Logging
Downhole Fluid Analysis
Resistivity
Density Viscosity
Press
Temp
FluorescenceRefractometer
Spectrometer
OD=0
OD=1
OD=2
OD=3
C6+C1 �C2-C5
ProbeModule
Packer
Module1 m
2 m
Second observation probe possible at 4.5 or 7m
Observation probe for monitoring while producing
(Producing Interval)
ProbeModule
Packer
Module1 m
2 m
Second observation probe possible at 4.5 or 7m
Observation probe for monitoring while producing
(Producing Interval)
2 m
1 m
Observation probe for
monitoring interference
signal during flow
Second observation
probe possible at 4.5-7m
Packer Module
Producing Interval
Pressure Transient Analysis
Real Time Monitoring and Control A platform for Integration
Example – I Compositional Grading
Example – I Density and GOR
2,000 2,750 3,500
GOR (scf/stb)
0.49 0.52 0.55
Density (g/cc)
0.8 1.3 1.8
Fluorescence
X500
X700
X900
6,800 7,100
Pressure (psi)
De
pth
(ft) Oil
Water
Example – I EOS Modeling
Example – I Geochemistry
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1/1+2
1/1+3
2/2+3
3/3+4
4/4+5
5/5+7
7/7+9
7/7+8+9
8+9/8+9+10
10/10+11
10/10+12
11/11+12 82 ft
121 ft
161 ft
188 ft
218 ft
DFA Mass Fraction (%)
(F) 0.66 g/cc from Sample �
(G) 0.66 g/cc from Sample �
(J) 0.63 g/cc from Sample �(H) 0.64 g/cc from Sample �
(I) 0.66 g/cc from Sample �
Accuracy of ±±±± 0.01 g/cc !
Example - II Real Time Optimization
C1 12.5C2-C5 4.2C6+ 83.3
C1 14.2C2-C5 5.6C6+ 80.3
C1 12.1C2-C5 4.1C6+ 83.8
C1 13.9C2-C5 5.6C6+ 80.5
C1 12.5C2-C5 4.2C6+ 83.3
CAL GR
X100
X200
X300
X400
0.67
0.67
0.62
0.65
0.67
Example - IIFinal Integration
2,700
X050
X100
X150
X200
X250
X300
X350
X400
X450
900 1,100 1,300 1,500
Depth
with o
ffset (
ft)
J
G
F
H
I
1000 1500
-55 -50
0 2 4
GOR (Scf/bbl)C1 RELATIVE CONCENTRATION
0 150
Re
lati
ve
De
pth
(ft
)
5500 6000
PRESSURE (Psia)
GR (GAPI)
0.67g/cc
0.67g/cc
0.62 g/cc
0.65 g/cc
0.67g/cc
δδδδ13C METHANE (per mil)
Higher C1 concentration corresponds to lower density fluid J
90 ft
Packer
Probe 1
Probe 2
0.866 g/cc0.87 g/cc
Example - III Pressure Transient Analysis
Example III – Real Time Evaluation
Packer Delta Pressure
Probe-1 Delta Pressure
0
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
De
lta
Pre
ss
ure
(p
si)
0
2
4
6
8
10
De
lta
Pre
ss
ure
(p
si)
0 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.50
10
20
30
40
50
Time (hour)
De
lta
Pre
ss
ure
(p
si)
Probe-2
Probe-1
Packer
B/Up B/Up
Flowrate~0.4 gpm
Flowrate~0.5 gpm
Probe-2 Derivative
Packer Derivative
Probe-1 DerivativeProbe-2 Delta Pressure
Learnings and Recommendations
• Plan the execution - execute the plan
• Experience matters
Real time monitoring is key in all the above!
• Never walk away with insufficient data
• Integrate…integrate…integrate
• Identify main objectives and challenges
Monitoring
Control
Monitoring
Control
Real Time Monitoring and Controlin Formation Testing applications