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SPATIAL JUSTICE & THE RIGHT TO THE CITY
UURBANISM
SPS
SpatialPlann
ing&
StrategyTU
Delft
THE DOWNSIDE OF PARTICIPATION
CRITICS OF PARTICIPATION SAY IT’S…‣ EXPENSIVE
‣ TIME CONSUMING
‣ INEFFECTIVE
‣ LIP-SERVICE
‣ FOR OLD RETIRED MEN
‣ DIFFICULT TO IMPLEMENT
‣ “NOBODY CARES ABOUT PARTICIPATION: WHAT EVERYBODY WANTS IS EFFICIENCY”
‣ IT IS A TOOL FOR MANIPULATION: IT IS A PUBLIC RELATIONS TOOL FOR THE POWER HOLDERS (ARNSTEIN, 1969)
‣ IT IS A DEVICE FROM THE RIGHT TO JUSTIFY THE END OF THE WELFARE STATE
‣ IT IS A DEVICE FROM THE LEFT TO JUSTIFY THE PROPAGATION OF ITS IDEOLOGY
THE UPSIDE
A-CRITICS OF PARTICIPATION SAY, IT’S
‣ THE SOLUTION FOR ALL OUR PROBLEMS
‣ ANYTHING TOP DOWN IS NECESSARILY BAD, SO EVERYTHING BOTTOM UP IS NECESSARILY GOOD
SPATIAL JUSTICE AND THE RIGHT TO THE CITY ARE INTIMATELY RELATED.
PARTICIPATION IN THE CONDUCTION OF URBAN AFFAIRS (THE RIGHT TO THE CITY) IS LIKELY TO DELIVER SPATIAL JUSTICE.
RIGHT TO THE CITY
RIGHT TO THE CITY IS PART OF A VERY LONG TRADITION IN PHILOSOPHY THAT SEES THE CITY AS THE SPACE OF POLITICS, WHERE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS EMERGE MORE STRONGLY.
Plato’s The
Republic:the just
man inhabiting
the just city
Copy of Silanion - Marie-Lan Nguyen (User:Jastrow) 2009, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7831217
By A.Savin (Wikimedia Commons · WikiPhotoSpace) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27948211
Polis is the space of shared decision-making,
otherwise known as ‘politics’.
By After Lysippos - Jastrow (2006), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1359807
Aristotle: “man is a political animal”We can only achieve the good life by living as citizens in organised societies. In doing so we become fully human (as opposed to animals in a state of nature).
PARTICIPATION ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP RIGHT TO THE CITY SPATIAL JUSTICE
WAIT! ARE YOU SAYING PARTICIPATION WILL DELIVER THE RIGHT TO THE CITY?
IT IS NOT THAT SIMPLE! HOWEVER, IT IS UNDENIABLE THAT ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP
IMPLIES PARTICIPATION AND ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT
TO ACHIEVE THE RIGHT TO THE CITY.
SO, IN DEFENCE OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION…
IT WILL ALLOW PLANNERS AND DESIGNERS TO GATHER INFORMATION & KNOWLEDGE THAT IS NOT OTHERWISE AVAILABLE
*AND GIVE A VOICE TO THOSE WHO ARE NOT RECOGNISED AS HOLDERS OF KNOWLEDGE
WILL INCORPORATE COMPLEXITY IN DECISION MAKING
WILL ATTENUATE THE MANY COGNITIVE BIASES WE SUFFER FROM
IS MORE LIKELY TO DELIVER ‘JUST’ OUTCOMES (BECAUSE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWER)
WILL DELIVER STRONGER COMMUNITIES AND DEMOCRACY-AWARE CITIZENS
WILL STRENGTHEN DEMOCRACY IN THE LONG RUN
HAS THE POTENTIAL TO DELIVER THE RIGHT TO THE CITY
BUT WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
REDUCTION OF DEMOCRATIC SPACE
THE DISCREDIT OF DEMOCRACY
THE FALL OF PUBLIC SPACE
HOMESTEAD, FLORIDA, IS ONE OF A NUMBER OF GATED COMMUNITIES IN THE US. THEY HAVE BECOME MORE POPULAR NOT ONLY FOR CELEBRITIES BUT FOR MIDDLE-CLASS HOMEOWNERS FEARFUL FOR THEIR SAFETY. PHOTOGRAPH: SIPA PRESS/REX
THE PROFOUND CULTURAL ABYSS BETWEEN CITIES, SUBURBS AND RURAL AREAS
CLINTON WON ALMOST 90 PERCENT OF URBAN CORES, WHILE TRUMP WON THE VAST MAJORITY – BETWEEN 75 AND 90 PERCENT – OF SUBURBS, SMALL CITIES AND RURAL AREAS. THOUGH THESE LATTER GEOGRAPHIES ARE MORE SPARSELY POPULATED, THEY WERE HOME TO THE MAJORITY OF VOTERS THIS ELECTION.
ALL THESE ISSUES MAKE IT CRUCIAL FOR US TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF DEMOCRATIC DECISION MAKING IN THE CITY
TEXT
EXPANDED BIBLIOGRAPHY
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