Spatial assessment and redesign of a groundwater quality monitoring network using entropy theory, Gaza Strip, Palestine

Spatial assessment and redesign of a groundwater quality monitoring network using entropy theory, Gaza Strip, Palestine Y. Mogheir · V. P.Singh · J. L. M. P. de Lima Abstract Using entropy theory, a methodology was devel- oped for the evaluation and redesign of groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip in Palestine. Essential to the methodology is the development of a Transinformation Model (TM) which yields the amount of information trans- fer and the dependency between the wells as a function of distance. The TM parameters, such as the minimum transinformation and the range, were employed for evaluating the network which revealed that most of the distances between wells were less than the range. It also indicated that a high percentage of redundant information existed in the network. Therefore, the network was reduced by superimposing a square pattern over the monitored area and selecting one well per square block in a stratified pattern. The methodology was tested using the chloride data collected from 1972– 2000 from 417 groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip. The number of the groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip was reduced by 53%, while there was 26% redundant information based on the minimum existing distance between wells. This methodology is meant to help monitor the groundwater quality (salinity) in the Gaza Strip. R´ esum´ e En utilisant la th´ eorie de l’entropie on a d´ evelopp´ e une m´ ethodologie pour ´ evaluer et projeter un syst` eme des forage de surveillance de la qualit´ e des eaux Received: 18 April 2004 / Accepted: 5 May 2005 Published online: 16 November 2005 C Springer-Verlag 2005 Y. Mogheir Environment Quality Authority, Gaza, Palestine Y. Mogheir · J. L. M. P. de Lima () Institute of Marine Research, Coimbra Interdisciplinary Centre; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Campus 2, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] Fax: +351-239797179 V. P. Singh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-6405, USA souterraines dans la bande de Gaza en Palestine. L’essentiel de la m´ ethodologie est repr´ esent´ e par un mod` ele de transformation (MT) qui rend la quantit´ e de transfert de l’information et d’interf´ erence entre les forages en fonc- tion de distance. Pour ´ evaluer le syst` eme on a utilis´ e les param` etres du MT comme la transformation minimale et l’´ ecart qui ont mis en ´ evidence que la plupart des distances entre les forages soient inf´ erieure ´ a l’´ ecart. De plus le mod` ele a indiqu´ e un pourcentage ´ elev´ e d’information redondante dans le r´ eseau. En cons´ equence le r´ eseau a ´ et´ e r´ eduit en surimposant une structure en carr´ es sur la zone surveill´ ee et en s´ electionnant un seul forage dans chaque block carr´ e dans une structure stratifi´ ee. La m´ ethodologie a´ et´ e v´ erifi´ ee pour les donn´ es de la concentrations en chlorures, collect´ ees dans un syst` eme de 417 forages de monitoring de la qualit´ e des eaux dans la bande de Gaza. Cette m´ ethodologie peut bien aider la surveillance de la qualit´ e des eaux souterraine de la bande de Gaza. Resumen Se desarroll´ o una metodolog´ ıa para la evalu- aci´ on y redise˜ no de uno pozos de monitoreo de calidad en agua subterr´ anea, en la Franja de Gaza en Palestina, mediante el uso de la teor´ ıa de la entrop´ ıa. Para la metodolog´ ıa es esencial el desarrollo de un Modelo de Transinformaci´ on (MT), el cual entrega la cantidad de transferencia de informaci´ on y la dependencia entre los pozos, como una funci´ on de la distancia. Los par´ ametros del MT, tales como la transinformaci´ on m´ ınima y el rango, fuero usados para evaluar la red, lo cual revel´ o que muchas de las distan- cias entre pozos eran menores que el rango. Esto tambi´ en indic´ o que exist´ ıa un alto porcentaje de informaci ´ on redun- dante en la red. Por lo tanto, la red fue reducida mediante la sobreposici´ on de un patr´ on de forma cuadrada, sobre el ´ area monitoreada y seleccionando un pozo por cada celda cuadrada en un patr´ on estratificado. La metodolog´ ıa fue probada utilizando los datos de cloruros colectados entre 1972–2000, a partir de 417 pozos de monitoreo de calidad en agua subterr´ anea en la franja de Gaza. Se espera que esta metodolog´ ıa ayude a monitorear la salinidad del agua subterr´ anea en la Franja de Gaza. Keywords Groundwater monitoring . Entropy theory . Redundant information . Salinity . Gaza strip Hydrogeology Journal (2006) 14: 700–712 DOI 10.1007/s10040-005-0464-3

Spatial assessment and redesign of a groundwater quality monitoring network using entropy theory, Gaza Strip, Palestine

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