Spatial and temporal limits Spatial and temporal limits of fMRI of fMRI • Menon RS, Kim SG. Spatial and temporal limits in cognitive neuroimaging with fMRI. Trends Cogn Sci. 1999 Jun;3(6):207-216. With supplementary material from: • Menon RS, Goodyear BG. Submillimeter functional localization in human striate cortex using BOLD contrast at 4 Tesla: implications for the vascular point-spread function. Magn Reson Med. 1999 Feb;41(2):230-5. • Menon RS, Luknowsky DC, Gati JS. Mental chronometry using Presentation by Robert Pinkerton Presentation by Robert Pinkerton
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Spatial and temporal limits of fMRI Menon RS, Kim SG. Spatial and temporal limits in cognitive neuroimaging with fMRI. Trends Cogn Sci. 1999 Jun;3(6):207-216.
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Spatial and temporal limits of fMRISpatial and temporal limits of fMRI
• Menon RS, Kim SG. Spatial and temporal limits in cognitive
neuroimaging with fMRI. Trends Cogn Sci. 1999 Jun;3(6):207-216.
With supplementary material from:
• Menon RS, Goodyear BG. Submillimeter functional localization in human
striate cortex using BOLD contrast at 4 Tesla: implications for the vascular
ExtrinsicExtrinsicSystem (RF Coil, Gradients, preamps System (RF Coil, Gradients, preamps
etc.)etc.)IntrinsicIntrinsic
Patient LoadingPatient Loading
Ultimately…Ultimately…
“ “Ultimately, it is the extent of the lateral Ultimately, it is the extent of the lateral connections and their inherent activity that connections and their inherent activity that will determine the cortical vasculature point will determine the cortical vasculature point spread function [spatial resolution] in spread function [spatial resolution] in different areas of the brain.”different areas of the brain.”
Mapping ODC using the initial hyperoxygenated BOLD response
Methods to increase spatial Methods to increase spatial resolution by using information resolution by using information
in the time domain.in the time domain.
DipTR ~ 500 ms
Mental Rotation: Figure 1, Menon & Kim
Mental Rotation: Figure 1, Menon & Kim
Widthcompare width to RT
Mental Mental ChronometryChronometry
Menon et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998
Answers: It all depends!Answers: It all depends!
A)A) How fast?How fast?VAT ~ 50 ms - 3 sVAT ~ 50 ms - 3 s
Resolution:
~ 2s normal for ROI studies~ 500 ms for DIP measurements~ 100 ms for single event trials~ 50 ms for one slice, poor res
Answers: It all depends!Answers: It all depends!
B)B) How small?How small?
x, x, y ~ 0.1 - 3 mmy ~ 0.1 - 3 mm
Resolution:
~ 3.8 mm diameter of PSF for feline cortex due to 1mm2 patch of activation~ 0.6 mm diameter of PSF for human cortex odc~ 0.1 mm capillary separation