SPARK QUENCHERS * 2 This series has European approvals which assists in obtaining the CE Marking in accordance with the EC Low Voltage Directive RE Series 275VAC Operating temp. range: -40 ~ +100C o ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS RE SERIES • Our best price/performance series for high volume appliances. • AC or DC applications. • Non-inductive, high pulse resistor. • Good Peak Pulse withstand capability. d r a d n a t S : y c n e g A y t e f a S . o N e l i F ) V 0 5 2 ( 4 1 4 1 - L U : L U 4 7 4 7 4 E * A S C 1 ) C A V 0 5 2 ( 1 . o N , 2 . 2 2 C : 4 0 4 7 3 R L I I 4 1 - 4 8 3 0 6 C E I : E C ) O K M I F ( 0 9 5 0 1 1 F * 1 cUL y t e f a S d r a d n a t S s s a l C l e d o M r e b m u n e c n a t i c a p a C µF+ % 0 2 e c n a t s i s e R e u l a v Ω+ % 0 3 n o i t i d n o c e s l u P k a e P d e i l p p a e g a t l o v e g a t l o v t s e T n o i t a l u s n I e c n a t s i s e r k a e P e g a t l o v e s l u P h t d i w e v i t i t e p e R y c n e u q e r f X h t i w e s l u P y c n e u q e r f 2 X 1 0 0 2 1 E R 1 0 . 0 ) W 4 / 1 ( 0 2 1 V 0 0 8 . x a m c e s m 0 5 . x a m . x a m z H 0 2 1 . x a m 5 . 1 V 0 0 2 1 . x a m o t l a n i m r e T l a n i m r e T s m r V 0 0 0 1 z H 0 6 / 0 5 . c e s 0 6 o t l a n i n r e T e s a C s m r V 0 0 0 2 z H 0 6 / 0 5 c e s 0 6 o t l a n i m r e T l a n i m r e T M 0 0 0 , 5 1 Ω t a n i m V 0 0 1 C D o t l a n i m r e T e s a C M 0 0 0 , 0 0 1 Ω t a n i m V 0 0 1 C D 3 3 0 0 2 1 E R 3 3 0 . 0 x a m 0 . 1 1 0 2 1 E R 1 . 0 x a m 5 4 . 0 2 0 2 1 E R 2 . 0 ) W 2 / 1 ( 7 4 x a m 5 1 . 0 * 2
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SPARK QUENCHERS RE Series 275VAC · SPARK QUENCHERS *2 This series has European approvals which assists in obtaining the CE Marking in accordance with the EC Low Voltage Directive
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SPARK QUENCHERS
*2 This series has European approvals which assists in obtaining the CE Marking in accordance with the EC Low Voltage Directive
Case Material: Polybutylene Terephthalate (FR-PBT)UL-94 Flame Class V-O
Potting Material: UL-94 Flame Class V-OLeads: Tinned Stranded Copper Wire
Polyvinylchloride (PVC) InsulationSoldered Capacitor Element
Capacitor: Double Wound, Oil Impregnated,Metallized Polyester Film
Other lead lengths available—consult factory.MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS
CRH 3CRH
h
All Dimensions in MM
2-2
SPARK QUENCHERS
Fax Back Document #1200
The technical data provided by Okaya Electric Industries Co., Ltd., and/or Okaya Electric America,Inc. is designed to assist a potential buyer’s engineer in applying these products to electrical,electronic, and electromechanical applications.The information provided in this catalog, as well as any additional data supplied by Okaya orOkaya representatives, is for general use only to assist the buyer in making its own independentdecision as to the suitability of the products for the buyer’s intended use and application.Except for any limited warranties contained in Okaya Electric America, Inc.’s Terms and Conditions,OKAYA DISCLAIMS WITH RESPECT TO THEIR GOODS AND DATA AND INFORMATIONRELATED TO THEM, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND ALL IMPLIEDWARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.The specifications contained in this catalog are subject to change without notice.
OSafety StandardsOkaya spark quenchers have been recognized by the following safety standards organizations:
O Electrical apparatus are classified roughly into two categories, i.e., (a) household appliances and (b) office appliancesincluding office automation (OA) and others.
O The standards for noise suppression capacitors to be used in the household appliances are more strict than thosein the office appliances and others.
O The products enumerated in the following pages (with a few exceptions) have been approved under standardsapplicable to the household appliances, so that you may use them for almost all applications.
O In order to avoid any accidents in machine applications which may experience unexpected abnormal surge voltage,or which are subjected to continuous 24-hour use, it is necessary to build in an extra measure of reliability. Here,the strict test conditions conducted by the above-mentioned safety standards organizations can be considered asone of the criteria from a reliability point of view.
EI (Finland) IEC384-14II(EN132400) IEC384-14II(EN132400)
ÖVE (Austria) ----------- IEC384-14II(EN132400)
IMQ (Italy) ----------- IEC384-14II(EN132400)
2-3
SPAR
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OOOOO SPARK QUENCHERS INTRODUCTIONRC NETWORKS
Recent developments in electronic equipment haveshown the following trends:
O Increasing demands for numerical controlmachines, robotics and technically advancedappliances are requiring progressive electronictechnologies.
O When employing integrated circuit andmicrocomputer technology, today’s equipmentis required to perform multifunctions in limitedsize.
O The denser the installation of components, themore the components must be miniaturized andof lighter weight.
O As a result, the following problems arise:
1) Functional limits of magnetic relays andswitches have narrowed due to increasingcontact amperage.
2) Miniaturization of electronic componentshas reduced their dielectric strength.
3) Circuit noise has increased as a result ofthe coexistence of signal and power lines.
4) Safety standards for electronic equipmentand components have become increasinglyrestrictive.
Some key factors affecting circuit performance are:
1) Arcing between relay and switch contactsresult in wear and binding.
2) Contact arcing, results in high frequencynoise and abnormal high voltages.
3) The generation of back electromotive force(EMF) is due to the self-inductance of inductiveloads.
4) The occurrence of high frequency noise isthe result of contact chatter in magnetic relays andswitches.
Back EMF, due to self-inductance, affectsSilicon Control Rectifiers (SCRs) and Solid-stateRelays (SSRs) and can result in the breakdown ofother semi-conductor devices. Power line surgesmust also be carefully considered. Either may bea contributing factor in equipment malfunctions,failures and in extreme cases fire and/or electricalshock.
To illustrate these factors, consider that relaycontact chatter is capable of inducing oscillationsof several Kilohertz, contact arcing frequencies ofseveral Megahertz and amplitudes 10 to 20 timesnormal circuit voltages. Voltage surges fromexternal sources may approach thousands of volts.
To protect electronic equipment against costlyfailures or malfunctions, Okaya has developedadvanced components to suppress contact arcingand filter unwanted electrical noise.
OOOOO DETERMINING RC VALUE
In general, the RC determining formula isregarded as quite complex, but since the RCcombination has the decisive effect of integratingthe rapid changes of the waveform to a smoothedaverage, the determination of RC values bycomplex formulas becomes unnecessary.
It is possible to select a suitable OKAYASpark Quencher using the chart or the formulasshown below. Keep in mind that there is no oneexact value of Spark Quencher which will satisfyall applications. The chart and formula are guide-lines to give the user a starting point from which towork. The final selection must be evaluated in theapplication to determine its acceptability.
C = I2
10
R = V10 (1+ 50
V) I
C = Capacitance in MFD
I = Load Current in Amps
R = Resistance in Ohms
V = Source Voltage
LOAD CURRENT - AMPERES
0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0
SourceVoltage
125VACor
125VDC
0.01+
470
0.01+
470
0.01+
220
0.01+
120
0.022+
120
0.1+47
0.3+47
0.5+47
1.0+10
MFD+
OHMs R+CValues250VAC
or250VDC
0.01+
470
0.01+
470
0.01+
470
0.01+
470
0.022+
120
0.1+
120
0.3+
120
0.5+47
1.0+47
MFD+
OHMs
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SPARK QUENCHERS
Spark Quenchers are easily selectable elec-tronic components designed to prevent or sub-stantially minimize the occurrence of arcing andnoise generation in relay and switch contacts.
Spark Quenchers consist of speciallydesigned capacitors and resistors connected inseries. Spark discharges and induced noise areabsorbed over a wide range by the accumulationcharacteristic and impedance of the capacitor,while the RC time constant delays and averagessurge voltage and oscillations.
OOOOO EFFECT OF SPARK QUENCHER
At the moment of switch opening, the RCcombination absorbs and suppresses the energyof the arc by letting it bypass the switch.
Arc suppression
The RC combination absorbs the high frequencyoscillations caused by mechanical vibrationssuch as relay contact chattering. Similarly theoscillations created by arcing are also averagedand suppressed by the RC combinationregardless of their origin.
Damping oscillation
With back electromotive force due to self-inductance, the surge voltage peak issuppressed by conducting it through the RCcircuit on the low impedance side. The peak isabsorbed by the capacitance of RC. The wave-form is averaged and smoothed by the timeconstant of the RC; thus generated noise iseliminated or substantially minimized.
Back electromotive force suppression
The RC combination allows the dv/dt of the “on”and “off” operation of thyristors or similar devicesto decrease; thus surge voltages are suppressedand semi-conductor elements are protected.Even in the case of zero crossing circuits, suchas AC circuits, protection is necessary sinceharmonic noise occurs when there is a gapbetween phases or current and voltage of theload circuit.
Dv/dt suppression
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OKAYA Spark Quenchers have the followingcharacteristics which make it possible to easilyuse them in a wide range of applications.
1) The Overload capacity is large.
2) They are not polarized; thus can be used inboth AC an DC circuits.
3) They have a favorable effect on surgevoltage and accompanying oscillations causedby contact chatter.
4) They are effective against spuriouspotentials having magnitudes below circuit voltage.
5) They offer a high degree of protection forsemiconductor devices, and as thyristors andSCRs.
6) They improve the dv/dt ratio.
O O O O O OUTLINE OF CAPACITOR CLASS RATINGS
Capacitors are classified by the IEC into thefollowing categories (these designations are usedby most European countries):
Class Y: Capacitors used in applications wheredamage to the capacitor may involve the dangerof electrical shock.
Class X: Capacitors used in applications wheredamage to the capacitor will not lead to the dangerof electrical shock.
European Safety Agencies subdivide Class Xinto X1, X2 and X3 classifications. The test criteriafor these subclasses is shown in the table.
Spark Quenchers must have the capacity tostore surge voltages and current energy, and affordprotection against inductively induced potentials.The dielectric material of the OKAYA capacitors,used in Spark Quenchers, affords a very highdegree of voltage withstand strength. All resistorsare non-inductive solid slug type to insure a highdegree of protection against pulse potentials. Toprovide additional protection for equipment andusers, especially when these components are usedin AC applications, all OKAYA Spark Quenchersare packaged in cases which meet UL-94 FlameClass V-O.
OOOOO SAFETY STANDARDS
Safety standards for capacitors used in con-junction with AC power sources have recently beenadopted by many world wide standards agencies.OKAYA Spark Quenchers are fully tested to thesestandards (see Chart). As well, Okaya is able tooffer some products with 500 VAC ratings.
OOOOO APPLICATIONS
A) Protection for contacts and from noiseduring switching operations of equipment such asradio, TV, copiers, mixers, coffee grinders, dryers,tool machine equipment, etc.
B) Protection of electronic instrumentsduring operation of relays, solenoids, motors, etc.
C) Electrical noise protection of semiconductordevices during control of triacs, thyristors, motors,welders, illumination equipment, etc.
LineVoltage Safety Standard Lead Type Forms Model
125V/250V AC Bare wire/Flex PVC wire a/b XA series/XAB series
125V/250V AC Bare wire a AU series250V AC Bare wire a XE series
250V AC Flex PVC wire b XEB series
250V AC Flex PVC wire d CRE series
250V AC Flex PVC wire e 3CRE series (3 phase delta connection)
500V AC Flex PVC wire c CRH series
500V AC Flex PVC wire f 3CRH series (3 phase delta connection)
250V AC Flex PVC wire g 6CRE series (3 individual circuits)
OOOOO FORM
OOOOO APPLICATION EXAMPLES
a. b. c. d. e. f. g.
Standard example in AC circuits.
Standard example in DC circuits.For phase control circuits
employing SCR or TRIAC, etc.
2-7
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OOOOO DESIGN CAUTIONS
1) Using OKAYA Spark Quenchers will helpprevent abnormal operation due to electrical noiseand/or surge pulses. It is not recommended thatthese devices be used in circuits with frequenciesgreater than 70 Hz. When used in 3-phase, fullwave rectified applications, care must be taken toinsure that the Spark Quencher does not self heatby more than 5 degrees centigrade or permanentdamage to the Spark Quencher may occur.
2) When protecting contacts feeding small cir-cuit loads, it is recommended that the SparkQuencher be placed in parallel with the load, ratherthan the contacts, for the most effective applica-tion.
3) In high speed circuits, the addition of aSpark Quencher may slow the response time ofthe circuit. For best response characteristics, donot use a larger Spark Quencher than is absolutelynecessary to suppress the noise level.
4) Spark Quenchers should be connected asclose as possible to the noise source. Excessivelead length may allow abnormal oscillation and/ordecrease energy absorption capacity.
5) When a thyristor, triac or invertor circuit is tobe protected by a Spark Quencher, care must betaken that high harmonic currents do not causeover heating of the Spark Quencher resistor. Ifheating occurs, we suggest the employment of aSpark Quencher with a lower resistance. The SparkQuencher must not self heat by more than 5 degreescentigrade. In invertor applications, it isrecommended that an OKAYA noise suppressioncapacitor be used across the power lines, insteadof the Spark Quencher.
6) While it may appear effective to protectcontacts with a capacitor only, the capacitordischarge current will cause accumulative damageto the contacts when they close. The propertechnique is to apply a Spark Quencher across eitherthe contacts or the load.
OOOOO EXPRESSION OF RATED VOLTAGE
The rated voltage of OKAYA Spark Quenchersis expressed by the steady-state (line) voltage rat-ing. They can, however, withstand much highervoltages from power surges. In this catalog, themaximum voltage (including the line voltage) thatthe Spark Quenchers can withstand is expressedas the “Peak Pulse Voltage”. For example, the XEseries is rated 250VAC RMS (350VAC Peak) maxi-mum line voltage, but can withstand surge volt-ages up to 1200VAC (including Peak line voltage).“Pulse Condition” means the maximum voltage thatcan be input between terminals of the SparkQuencher (excluding line voltage) during operation.For example, when the XE series is used in a250VAC RMS (350VAC Peak) line voltage applica-tion, it can withstand surge voltages up to 800VAC(P-P) above the Peak line voltage. The followingdrawing shows examples of both “Peak Pulse Volt-age” and “Pulse Condition” for clarification.
“Pulse Condition”
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
**
*
*
**
**
*
*
*
Pulse Condition (Surge pulse p.p.)
Peak Pulse Voltage (Peak line voltage plus surge pulse)
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SPARK QUENCHERS
OOOOO PERFORMACE CHARACTERISTICS
Temperature Endurance Damp Heat Endurance Temperature Characteristics
OOOOO TEST CONDITIONS
Temperature Endurance:While operating at maximum
rated temperature and at 125%of rated voltage, input the tablevoltages four times per hour for0.1 second.
Damp Heat Endurance:
60°C, 90~95% RH100% Rated Voltage
Temperature Characteristics:
-50°C to~100°C100% Rated Voltage
Model Applied voltage
AU, CRE 880 Vrms
XE 1000 Vrms
CRH 1500 Vrms
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OOOOO EXAMPLES OF ABSORPTION OF NOISE
The following illustrations show examples ofthe operation of a variety of commonly usedmagnetic relays and contactors with and without aSpark Quencher. The ability of the Spark Quencherto integrate peak power surges and suppress highfrequency oscillations is visibly demonstrated.
Without a Spark Quencher in the circuit, surgevoltage becomes 10 to 30 times larger than thenormal circuit voltage and the noise frequencyapproaches 10 MHz. Spark Quenchers effectivelyabsorb high frequency oscillations induced bycontact chattering and attenuate peak surgevoltages.
In general, inductive load circuit malfunctionsoccur as a result of component dielectric breakdowninduced by excessive peak potential, orunnecessary radiation accompanied byoccurrences of high frequency oscillations due torapid changes of voltage. Spark Quenchers areeffective in preventing both types of electrical noise.
In the following illustrations of noise waves,note that the time base is quite small comparedwith the normal 50/60 Hz line (16-20 msec.).
Example 1. Magnetic relay closed in 12VDC circuit.
Without Spark Quencher With XE-1201
Example 2. Magnetic relay opened in 12VDC circuit.
Without Spark Quencher With XE-1201
0.1mSec/div
100V
/div
0.1mSec/div
100V
/div
0.1mSec/div
100V
/div
0.1mSec/div
100V
/div
2-10
SPARK QUENCHERS
Example 3. Magnetic relay opened in 120VAC circuit.
Without Spark Quencher With XE-120033
Example 4. Large magnetic relay opened in 120VAC circuit.Without Spark Quencher With XE-1202
Example 5. Magnetic contactor opened in 240VAC circuit.Without Spark Quencher With XE-1202
Example 6. Rotary solenoid opened in 120VAC circuit.Without Spark Quencher With XE-1201
0.2mSec/div
500V
/div
0.2mSec/div
500V
/div
0.2mSec/div
500V
/div
0.2mSec/div
500V
/div
0.2mSec/div
500V
/div
0.2mSec/div
500V
/div
0.1mSec/div
500V
/div
0.1mSec/div
500V
/div
2-11
SPAR
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Example 7. Motor timer opened in 120VAC circuit.
Without Spark Quencher With AU-1201
Example 8. Induction motor opened in 240VAC circuit.Without Spark Quencher With XE-1201
Without Spark Quencher With XE-120033 With XE-1202
Two of the illustrations in example 8 are theresult of the switch opening without SparkQuencher protection. The variation in the waveforms is due to the difference in the AC voltage atthe instant of circuit opening.
Three of the noise-graph illustrations are theresult of the switch opening with Spark Quencherprotection. Noise that occurs at the time of loaddisconnect is absorbed by the LRC loop. Propor-tionally as the capacitor becomes larger, thenoise prevention becomes more effective.