Spanish Grammar Book Valentina Krysiak P.1
Jun 20, 2015
Spanish Grammar Book
Valentina Krysiak P.1
Table of Contentstabla de contenidos
Title Page
Table of contents
Present (ar, er, ir)
Stem changers
irregular “yo”
Saber Vs. conocer
reflexives
“se” impersonal
dipthongs with accents
verbs like -ger/-gir, -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir
hace+___+que+___
imperfecto
Present (-ar, -er, -ir)
yo- onosotros- amos
tú- asvosotros-
aís
el, ella,
usted- aellos, ellas,
ustedes-an
o emos
es éis
e en
o imos
es ís
e en
-ar -er -ir
stem-changersSome spanish verbs are called stem-changers because when they are conjugated, the stem changes.
e -> Ie
empiezo empezamos
empiezas empiezan
empieza empiezan
empezar
the stem-changer only changes to -ie in the
‘boot’.
o -> uealmorzar
amuerzo almorzamos
amuerzas almuerzan
almuerza almuerzan
take the last letters off and whatever the accent falls on on
the root word, change it to the according letter.
e -> iconseguir
consigo conseguimos
consigas consigan
consige consigan
irregular “yo”
it is a stem-changer in the “yo” form word,with the adding of a
“g”.
poner -> pongo
traer -> traigo
valer -> valgo
salir -> salgo
Hacer -> hago
saber vs. conocerThe verb you choose depends upon the context in which it is used. These verbs are
not interchangeable.
To express knowledge or
ignorance of a fact or information
about something
use saberTo say that one is or is not
acquainted with a person, a
place, or an object
use conocer
EXAMPLE: Juan sabe donde está María.Juan knows where Maria is.
EXAMPLE: Yo no conozco a María.I don't know (am not acquainted with) Maria.
reflexivesA verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same
I wash myself.subject: Iverb: washobject: myself
When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."
lavarto wash (non-reflexive)
lavarseto wash oneself (reflexive)
To conjugate reflexive
verbs, you need "reflexive
pronouns." Reflexive
pronouns are put before
the verb, while the ending
"se" is dropped and the
verb is conjugated
normally.
“se” impersonal
Verbs are always 3rd person singular and are commonly followed by a direct object.
se + 3rd person singular
Se habla español aquí.
No se permite fotos aquí.
diphthongs with accents
Diphthongs happen when an unstressed "i", "u", or "y-endings" appear next to other vowels in the same syllable. Their vowel sounds do not change. They blend together to form a single syllable.
When there is a written accent over the letter "i", the diphthong is "broken" and the two vowels are pronounced separately.
Example: baile muerto
seis
“-ger/-gir”, “-uir/-guir”, “-cer/-cir” verbs
hace+____+que+_____
imperfectothe imperfect is used for past actions that are not seen as completed- use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end
To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:
aba ábamos
abas abais
aba aban
To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following:
ía íamos
ías íais
ía ían