Spanish empire in the americas

The Spanish Empire in the Americas

The Spanish Empire in the Americas

Paige EllisPaige Ellis

Diego Vasicuio- PeruDiego Vasicuio- Peru

• Time Period:– Born in the 1580’s– Died in the 1670’s

• Location:– The village of Salamanca

• Group:– Native

• Gender:– Male

• Occupation:– Cult leader/Priest

• Time Period:– Born in the 1580’s– Died in the 1670’s

• Location:– The village of Salamanca

• Group:– Native

• Gender:– Male

• Occupation:– Cult leader/Priest

• General History:– For most of his life, Diego

was the chief priest and cult leader of the God Sorimana.

– Father de Prado, the parish priest, discovered that people were still worshipping idols, and ordered them to stop.

– The cult pretended to repent, but continued worshipping Sorimana in secret

• General History:– For most of his life, Diego

was the chief priest and cult leader of the God Sorimana.

– Father de Prado, the parish priest, discovered that people were still worshipping idols, and ordered them to stop.

– The cult pretended to repent, but continued worshipping Sorimana in secret

Martín Ocelotl- New SpainMartín Ocelotl- New Spain

• Time Period:– Born in 1496

• Location:– Mexico

• Group:– Aztec Indian

• Gender: – Male

• Occupation:– Cult Leader

• Time Period:– Born in 1496

• Location:– Mexico

• Group:– Aztec Indian

• Gender: – Male

• Occupation:– Cult Leader

• General History:– He came from a family of

priests.– He foretold the coming of

the Europeans.– When they did come, he

was baptized to escape persecution, but he continued his old practices.

– He still had a reputation as a sorcerer, and he was put on trial and imprisoned.

• General History:– He came from a family of

priests.– He foretold the coming of

the Europeans.– When they did come, he

was baptized to escape persecution, but he continued his old practices.

– He still had a reputation as a sorcerer, and he was put on trial and imprisoned.

Juan de Morga/ Gertrudis de Escobar- New Spain

Juan de Morga/ Gertrudis de Escobar- New Spain

• Time Period:– Middle years of the 17th

Century

• Location:– Central Mexico

• Group:– Mulatto Slaves

• Gender:– Juan- Male– Gertrudis- Female

• Occupation:– Slaves

• Time Period:– Middle years of the 17th

Century

• Location:– Central Mexico

• Group:– Mulatto Slaves

• Gender:– Juan- Male– Gertrudis- Female

• Occupation:– Slaves

• General History:– Juan was born a slave and

escaped several times, but he was caught and punished.

– He made a pact with the devil to overcome his master’s cruelty.

– Gertrudis was also born into slavery, and was sold to a plantation.

– Her master was cruel and she endured many floggings for attempting to escape.

• General History:– Juan was born a slave and

escaped several times, but he was caught and punished.

– He made a pact with the devil to overcome his master’s cruelty.

– Gertrudis was also born into slavery, and was sold to a plantation.

– Her master was cruel and she endured many floggings for attempting to escape.

Isabel Moctezuma- New SpainIsabel Moctezuma- New Spain

• Time Period:– Born in 1509– Died in 1550

• Location:– Tenochtitlan

• Group:– Aztec Indian

• Gender:– Female

• Occupation:– Heiress/Princess

• Time Period:– Born in 1509– Died in 1550

• Location:– Tenochtitlan

• Group:– Aztec Indian

• Gender:– Female

• Occupation:– Heiress/Princess

• General History– She was the illegitimate

daughter of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II.

– She was married 5 times and bore many children, including an illegitimate child with Cortés.

– She converted to Catholicism and served as an example to the natives of an Indian woman who bridged the gap between the Spaniards and Indians.

• General History– She was the illegitimate

daughter of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II.

– She was married 5 times and bore many children, including an illegitimate child with Cortés.

– She converted to Catholicism and served as an example to the natives of an Indian woman who bridged the gap between the Spaniards and Indians.

Beatriz de Padilla- New SpainBeatriz de Padilla- New Spain

• Time Period:– Born around 1620

• Location:– Guadalajara

• Group:– Mulatto

• Gender:– Female

• Occupation:– Mistress/Mother

• Time Period:– Born around 1620

• Location:– Guadalajara

• Group:– Mulatto

• Gender:– Female

• Occupation:– Mistress/Mother

• General History:– She was an unmarried

ex-slave, with a mulatto mother and white father.

– She was accused of poisoning one lover and driving the other insane, and using sorcery to make important men fall in love with her.

– A priest fell in love with her and left his entire estate to her when he died.

• General History:– She was an unmarried

ex-slave, with a mulatto mother and white father.

– She was accused of poisoning one lover and driving the other insane, and using sorcery to make important men fall in love with her.

– A priest fell in love with her and left his entire estate to her when he died.

Miguel Hernandez- New SpainMiguel Hernandez- New Spain

• Time Period:– Born in 1550– Died in 1604

• Location:– Mexico

• Group:– Mulatto

• Gender:– Male

• Occupation:– Muleteer

• Time Period:– Born in 1550– Died in 1604

• Location:– Mexico

• Group:– Mulatto

• Gender:– Male

• Occupation:– Muleteer

• General History:• He was a free mulatto who

got an education• He built and expanded a

freighting business.• He earned most of his

income selling mules and bringing goods to markets in the south.

• He earned an excellent reputation in the business world, despite his background as a mulatto.

• General History:• He was a free mulatto who

got an education• He built and expanded a

freighting business.• He earned most of his

income selling mules and bringing goods to markets in the south.

• He earned an excellent reputation in the business world, despite his background as a mulatto.

Enrico Martinez- New SpainEnrico Martinez- New Spain

• Time Period:– Born in 1557– Died in 1632

• Location:– Mexico

• Group:– European

• Gender:– Male

• Occupation:– Printer

• Time Period:– Born in 1557– Died in 1632

• Location:– Mexico

• Group:– European

• Gender:– Male

• Occupation:– Printer

• General History:– He was an educated

immigrant from Seville who wanted to make a fortune in the New World.

– Wrote a book on science that risked getting him in trouble with the Inquisition.

– He built a drainage system for the city that failed, and he was imprisoned for “sabotaging his own work”

• General History:– He was an educated

immigrant from Seville who wanted to make a fortune in the New World.

– Wrote a book on science that risked getting him in trouble with the Inquisition.

– He built a drainage system for the city that failed, and he was imprisoned for “sabotaging his own work”

Tula, the Mythical BeginningTula, the Mythical Beginning• By 1000 AD, the largest civilization in the

Americas was the Toltecs, in Tula, but they dispersed in the 12th century.

• There were now dozens of tiny domains, living not too far from each other.

• The Mexica people migrated into the area and settled in Tenochtitlan.

• They chose a prince from another tribe to lead them, and a dynasty was founded.

• Two other tribes formed an alliance with the Mexica, and they formed the Aztec empire.

• By 1000 AD, the largest civilization in the Americas was the Toltecs, in Tula, but they dispersed in the 12th century.

• There were now dozens of tiny domains, living not too far from each other.

• The Mexica people migrated into the area and settled in Tenochtitlan.

• They chose a prince from another tribe to lead them, and a dynasty was founded.

• Two other tribes formed an alliance with the Mexica, and they formed the Aztec empire.

The Empire BuildersThe Empire Builders

• In 1440 Moctezuma I came to power, just in time for several natural disasters and wars to ravage the land.

• In an effort to appease the gods and prevent the end of the world, he made perpetual war with the surrounding peoples, and sacrificed the prisoners.

• In the process, the Aztec empire expanded.• The empire was sustained through the use of

violent force and terrorizing the conquered peoples into paying tribute.

• In 1440 Moctezuma I came to power, just in time for several natural disasters and wars to ravage the land.

• In an effort to appease the gods and prevent the end of the world, he made perpetual war with the surrounding peoples, and sacrificed the prisoners.

• In the process, the Aztec empire expanded.• The empire was sustained through the use of

violent force and terrorizing the conquered peoples into paying tribute.

The Aztecs, Conquering Heroes

The Aztecs, Conquering Heroes

• They performed ritual sacrifices to:– Feed the gods, whom they believed were mortal.– Uphold a policy of terror and kill off the most dangerous

conquered people.– Allow divine power to manifest itself, uniting god and man.

• Warriors were constantly pushing the borders, and when Moctezuma II came to power, he focused on conquering new lands.

• Before the Europeans arrived, the Aztec influence covered almost 78,000 square miles and millions of people.

• They performed ritual sacrifices to:– Feed the gods, whom they believed were mortal.– Uphold a policy of terror and kill off the most dangerous

conquered people.– Allow divine power to manifest itself, uniting god and man.

• Warriors were constantly pushing the borders, and when Moctezuma II came to power, he focused on conquering new lands.

• Before the Europeans arrived, the Aztec influence covered almost 78,000 square miles and millions of people.

The Clash of Two WorldsThe Clash of Two Worlds

• At the beginning of the 16th century, the Aztecs were anxious because various signs led them to predict a calamity.

• The Spanish arrived in 1517, headed by Cortés, and Moctezuma was unsure whether to treat them as gods or enemies.

• Cortés united with the Aztecs’ enemies.• When Cortés and Moctezuma finally met,

Moctezuma was friendly.• Cortés’ forces killed many of the Aztec rulers.• Was ensued, and the Aztecs lost.

• At the beginning of the 16th century, the Aztecs were anxious because various signs led them to predict a calamity.

• The Spanish arrived in 1517, headed by Cortés, and Moctezuma was unsure whether to treat them as gods or enemies.

• Cortés united with the Aztecs’ enemies.• When Cortés and Moctezuma finally met,

Moctezuma was friendly.• Cortés’ forces killed many of the Aztec rulers.• Was ensued, and the Aztecs lost.

From Resistance to Collaboration

From Resistance to Collaboration

• Cortés ordered an end to idolatry, human sacrifice, and polygamy, and tried to enforce Christianity.

• The daughters of Aztec nobility were married off to the conquistadors.

• The nobles learned to use weapons, ride horses, and conduct business and legislation.

• They adapted the European alphabet, learned latin, and translated European texts into their own language.

• Cortés ordered an end to idolatry, human sacrifice, and polygamy, and tried to enforce Christianity.

• The daughters of Aztec nobility were married off to the conquistadors.

• The nobles learned to use weapons, ride horses, and conduct business and legislation.

• They adapted the European alphabet, learned latin, and translated European texts into their own language.

Aftermath of the ConquestAftermath of the Conquest

• After about a century under Spanish rule, the Indians invented a new combination of Catholicism and their native practices.

• By the 18th century, a common culture developed, that mixed all kinds of beliefs.

• They also picked up negative aspects of Spanish culture, like alcoholism and prostitution.

• In the 19th century, the crown abolished all legal difference between Indians and Spanish.

• After about a century under Spanish rule, the Indians invented a new combination of Catholicism and their native practices.

• By the 18th century, a common culture developed, that mixed all kinds of beliefs.

• They also picked up negative aspects of Spanish culture, like alcoholism and prostitution.

• In the 19th century, the crown abolished all legal difference between Indians and Spanish.

Viceroyalty of New SpainViceroyalty of New Spain• New Spain was established after the conquest of the

Aztecs• The capital, Mexico City, was built out of the former

Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.• Its territory included much of North America, Central

America, and the Spanish East and West Indies. • It was ruled by a viceroy in Mexico city, who

governed on behalf of the king. • In 1821, Mexico and Central America declared their

independence from Spain, forming the Mexican Empire.

• New Spain was established after the conquest of the Aztecs

• The capital, Mexico City, was built out of the former Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.

• Its territory included much of North America, Central America, and the Spanish East and West Indies.

• It was ruled by a viceroy in Mexico city, who governed on behalf of the king.

• In 1821, Mexico and Central America declared their independence from Spain, forming the Mexican Empire.

Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire

Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire

• When the Spanish arrived in Peru in 1528, the Inca Empire included about 16 million people, all under direct control of their Emperor, Atahualpa.

• The empire was weakened by civil war, difficult terrain, and smallpox.

• The first meeting between Francisco Pizarro and Atahualpa was tense, and ended in a battle at Cajamarca.

• It grew into a war in which Atahualpa was executed, and Spain conquered the Incas.

• When the Spanish arrived in Peru in 1528, the Inca Empire included about 16 million people, all under direct control of their Emperor, Atahualpa.

• The empire was weakened by civil war, difficult terrain, and smallpox.

• The first meeting between Francisco Pizarro and Atahualpa was tense, and ended in a battle at Cajamarca.

• It grew into a war in which Atahualpa was executed, and Spain conquered the Incas.

Viceroyalty of PeruViceroyalty of Peru• It was created in 1542, and contained most of

Spanish-ruled South America. • Smaller viceroyalties were created at the expense

of Peru’s territory, and Spain did not resist when Portugal expanded Brazil across the meridian.

• National independence movements eventually caused the viceroyalty to crumble in the early 1800’s.

• The modern-day republics of Peru, Chile, Colombia, Panama, and others were formed from the former viceroyalty.

• It was created in 1542, and contained most of Spanish-ruled South America.

• Smaller viceroyalties were created at the expense of Peru’s territory, and Spain did not resist when Portugal expanded Brazil across the meridian.

• National independence movements eventually caused the viceroyalty to crumble in the early 1800’s.

• The modern-day republics of Peru, Chile, Colombia, Panama, and others were formed from the former viceroyalty.