Spanish Business and Entrepreneuship Francisco Diaz Bretones University of Granada (Spain) [email protected] Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
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Spanish Business and Entrepreneuship
Francisco Diaz BretonesUniversity of Granada
(Spain)[email protected] Business and
Entrepreneurship
Bretones, F. D. (2001). Spanish business and entrepreneurship. Pan American Days 2001.April 16–20, 2001. Edimburg TX. University of Texas at Edimburg.
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
European enterprises
UE-15: 18,444,000Italy: 3,798,000U.K.: 3,313,000Germany: 3,261,000Spain: 2,402,000France: 2,322,000
Greece: 733,000Portugal: 642,000Belgium: 518,000Netherland: 516,000Austria: 243,000Sweden: 243,000Finland: 194,000Denmark: 164,000Ireland: 76,000Luxembourg: 19,000
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Creation of enterpries (per year)
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
Enterprises
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Spanish enterprises profile
Without workers: 54.60%1-2 workers: 25.66%3-5 workers: 9.50%6-9 workers: 4.18%10-19 workers: 3.28%More than 20 workers: 2.76%
(INE, 2000)
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Spanish entrepreneur´s motivation
Economic opportunities (62.8%).
Personal factors (25.5%).
Profesional development (11.7%).
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Economic problems
- Taxes.
- Inflation.
- Banks rates.
- Appropriate personnel's readiness.
- Transports.
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Financing
Europe USA Spain
Other fund 27.36% 29.47% 21.03%
Banks 19.84% 18.38% 15.55%
Other 7.52% 11.09% 5.48%
Owner Fund 72.64% 70.53% 78.97%
Family 1.05% 0.88% 2.36%
Savings 71.59% 69.65% 76.61%
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Personal factors
Educational level.Age.Personal values.
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Personal factors: educational level
Labor aspirations and level of education.
Other psychological dimensions.
Level of the entreprenuers' education and the size of the company.
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Personal factors: age
From 21 to 25 years: 87%,
More than 35 years old: 67%
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Personal factors: values
Willful, energetic, resolved, tenacious, logical, rational, methodical, rigorous, demanding and nice brave, motivated.
The initiative, the responsibility and the professional profile.
Innovative spirit, Capacity to coordinate and assume risks.
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Personal factors:psychological dimensionsn Achievment.
Locus of Control.
Propensity to Risk.
Attitudes.Spanish Business and
Entrepreneurship
Professional development
Unemployment.
Professional experience.
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Professional development: unemployment
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
UnemploymentNew enterprises
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Professional development:experience
Rural areas Urban areas
Experience(years)
5.54 5.38
Firstemployment(age)
18.60 18.43
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
Professional development:experience
Men Women
Experience(years)
6.89 1.70
Firstemployment(age)
17.16 22.33
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
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