SPAJ 144 C Combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay

RS 611 Ser.No.

n =

n =

SPAJ 144 C

aux

SPCJ 4D28

REGISTERS OPER.IND.

0 0 0 0 0

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80...265V ~–

18...80V –

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fn = 50Hz

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I 0 > Start

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>>I 0 Trip/max (15min)I nII [ % ]∆

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SPCJ 4D28

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESETSTEP

L1 L2 L3 0 IRF

3 >II

IIII

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k 0

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SPAJ 144 CCombined overcurrentand earth-fault relay

User´s manual and Technical description

2

1MRS 750043-MUM EN

Issued 1995-11-02Modified 2002-04-24Version BChecked MKApproved OL

Data subject to change without notice

SPAJ 144 CCombined overcurrent

and earth-fault relay

Contents Features .......................................................................................................................... 2Description of operation ................................................................................................. 3Connections ................................................................................................................... 5Signal diagram ................................................................................................................ 7Signal abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 8Start and operation indicators ......................................................................................... 8Power supply and output relay module ......................................................................... 10Technical data (modified 2002-04) ............................................................................... 11Examples of application ................................................................................................ 12Commissioning ............................................................................................................ 18Testing ......................................................................................................................... 19Maintenance and repairs ............................................................................................... 20Spare parts .................................................................................................................... 20Dimensions for mounting ............................................................................................ 21Order information ........................................................................................................ 21

The complete manual for the relay SPAJ 144 C contains the following submanuals:

General relay description for SPAJ 144 C 1MRS 750043-MUM ENCombined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28 1MRS 750093-MUM ENGeneral characteristics of D-type relay modules 1MRS 750066-MUM EN

Features Three-phase, low-set phase overcurrent unitwith definite time or inverse definite minimumtime (IDMT) characteristic

Three-phase, high-set phase overcurrent unitwith instantaneous or definite time operationcharacteristic

Three-phase, superhigh-set phase overcurrentunit with instantaneous or definite time opera-tion characteristic

Low-set earth-fault unit with definite time orinverse definite minimum time (IDMT) char-acteristic

High-set earth-fault unit with instantaneous ordefinite time function

Phase discontinuity stage with definite timecharacteristic. The phase discontinuty stage canbe set out of operation

Built-in circuit breaker failure protection

Two heavy-duty and four signal output relayswith field-selectable configuration

Output relay matrix allowing any start or tripsignal from the protection stages to be routed tothe desired output relay.

Local display of measured and set values anddata recorded at the moment of a fault.Reading and writing of setting values either vialocal display and front panel push buttons orfrom higher-level systems over the serial inter-face and the fibre-optic bus.

Self-supervision system continuously monitor-ing the operation of the electronics and themircoprocessor. When a permanent fault is de-tected the alarm output relay operates and theother relay outputs are blocked.

3

Description ofoperation

The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relayis a secondary relay to be connected to thecurrent transformers of the protected object.The three-phase overcurrent unit and the earth-fault unit continuously measure the phase cur-rents and the neutral current of the protectedobject. On detection of a fault the relay starts,trips the circuit breaker, provides an alarmsignal, records fault data, etc. in accordance withthe application and the relay configuration.

When the phase current exceeds the set startcurrent of the low-set stage I>, the overcurrentunit starts and it delivers, after a preset starttime, a start signal. When the set operate time atdefinite time operation, or the calculated oper-ate time, at inverse time operation elapses, theovercurrent unit operates. In the same way, thehigh-set stage I>> of the overcurrent unit startswhen the set start current is exceeded and deliv-ers a start signal after a preset (~40 ms) starttime. When the set operate time elapses, theovercurrent unit operates. The second high-setstage I>>> of the overcurrent unit operates inthe same way as the above stages. It starts whenthe set start current is exceeded and delivers astart signal when a preset start time has elapsed.

When the earth-fault current exceeds the setstart current of the low-set stage I0>, the earth-fault unit starts and it delivers, after a preset starttime, a start signal. When the set operate time atdefinite time operation, or the calculated oper-ate time, at inverse time operation, elapses, theearth-fault unit operates. In the same way, thehigh-set stage I0>> of the earth-fault unit startswhen the set start current is exceeded and deliv-

ers a start signal after a preset (~50 ms) starttime. At the moment the set operate time elapses,the earth-fault unit operates. In the same waythe phase discontinuity stage starts and deliversa start signal after a preset (~150 ms) start time,when the set start value is exceeded. At themoment the set operate time elapses, the stageoperates.

The low-set stage of the overcurrent unit and thelow-set stage of the earth-fault unit may be givendefinite time or inverse definite minimum time(IDMT) characteristic. When the IDMT char-acteristic is chosen six time/current curves areavailable. Four of the curves comply with the BS142 and IEC 60255 and are named "Normalinverse", "Very inverse", "Extremely inverse"and "Long-time inverse". The two additionalinverse time curves are called "RI" and "RXIDG".

By appropriate configuration of the output relaymatrix, the start signals of the overcurrent andearth-fault units are obtained as contact func-tions. The start signals can be used for blockingco-operating protection relays, and for signal-ling.

The relay includes one external binary input,which is controlled by an external control volt-age. The function of the control input is deter-mined by the switch SGB1 of the protectionrelay module. The control input can be used forblocking the operation of one or more protec-tion stages, for resetting a latched output relay inthe manual reset mode or for switching betweenmain and second setting banks.

4

Fig. 1. Protection functions of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay type SPAJ 144 C

Three-phase definite timeor inverse time low-setovercurrent protection I>

Three-phase instantaneousor definite time high-setovercurrent protection I>>

Definite time or inverse timelow-set earth-faultprotection Io>

Instantaneous or definitetime high-set earth-faultprotection Io>>

Remote reset, remote settingcontrol or blocking input forthe current stages

Circuit breaker failureprotection (CBFP)

Serial communication port

IL1

IL2

IL3

Io

Blocking

or Reset

SS3

IRF

Serial I/O

51BF

50 N

51 N

50

51 SS1

TS1

SS2

TS2

Three-phase instantaneousor definite time high-setovercurrent protection I>>>

50

Phase discontinuity protectionwith definite time characteristic ∆I>

5

Connections

Fig. 2. Connection diagram for the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay type SPAJ 144 C

Uaux Auxiliary voltageIRF Self-supervisionSGR Switchgroups for the configuration of output relaysSGB Switchgroup for the configuration of blocking or control signalsTS1, TS2 Trip output relaysSS1, SS2, SS3 Signal ouput relaysU1 Overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28U3 Input module SPTE 4E1U2 Power supply and output relay module SPTU 240 R1 or SPTU 48 R1SERIAL PORT Serial communication portSPA-ZC_ Bus connection moduleRx/Tx Receiver bus terminal (Rx) and transmitter bus terminal (Tx) of the bus

connection module

6162

SP

AJ

144

C

6325

2627

12

34

56

78

9

L1

L2

L3

7071

72

0 6869

U+

(~)

- (~

) IRF

6566

7475

IRF

T

S2

-

+

SS

3

7778

SS

1

8081

1011

SS

2 T

S1

RE

SE

T

I-

I0

++

++

++

++

3I>

3I>

>

Io>

Io>

>

I/O

SP

CJ

4D28

U3

U2

U1

SPA-ZC_

Rx

Tx

SE

RIA

LP

OR

T

+-

1 A5 A

aux

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EX

TE

RN

AL

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rip

SG

R1

SG

R2

1122

3344

55

Sta

rtT

rip

SG

R3

SG

R4

1122

3344

55

Sta

rtT

rip

SG

R5

SG

R6

1122

3344

55

Trip

SG

R11

12

34

5

Sta

rtT

rip

SG

R7

SG

R8

1122

3344

55

Sta

rtT

rip

SG

R9

SG

R10

1122

3344

55

(1)

(2)

(4)

(8)

(16)Σ

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Σ =

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Σ =

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1 A5 A

1 A5 A

1 A5 A

6

The energizing currents of the overcurrent unitare connected to terminals 1-2, 4-5 and 7-8,when the rated current of the CT secondarycircuits is In = 5 A. When the rated current of theCT secondary circuits is In = 1 A, terminals 1-3,4-6 and 7-9 are used. The relay can also be usedin single-phase or two-phase applications, byleaving one or two energizing inputs unoccu-pied. In single-phase applications the sameenergizing current can be routed through twoenergizing inputs, this may increase the operat-ing speed of the overcurrent unit, especially, atinstantaneous operation.

The energizing current of the earth-fault unit isconnected to terminals 25-26 when the ratedcurrent In = 5 A and to terminals 25-27 whenthe rated current In = 1 A.

The control input 10-11 can be used in threeways: 1) as the control input for an externalblocking signal, 2) as the control input forunlatching a trip relay, or 3) as the control inputfor the remote control of main/second settingsof the relay. The required function is selectedusing switchgroup SGB of the protection relaymodule.

The auxiliary supply voltage of the relay isconnected to terminals 61-62. At d.c. supplythe positive lead is connected to terminal 61.The level of the voltage to be applied to theterminals depends on the type of power supplyand output relay module used in the relay. Forfurther details, see the description of the power

supply module. The permitted auxiliary voltagerange of the relay is marked on the relay frontpanel.

Output relays TS1 and TS2 are heavy-duty triprelays capable of controlling most circuit break-ers. The operate signals of the protection stagesare routed to the trip relay with the SGR switches.When the relay is delivered from the factory allthe protection stages are routed to the triprelays. Switchgroup SGF4 is used to selectlatching of the heavy-duty output relays.

The relay module is also provided with a circuitbreaker failure protection (CBFP), which pro-vides a tripping signal via TS1 after the setoperation time 0.1...1 s counted from the nor-mal tripping signal TS2, if the fault has not beencleared within that time. The operation time ofthe circuit breaker failure protection is set inRegister A, submenu 5.The output contact ofthe circuit breaker failure protection is normallyused for tripping an upstream circuit breaker.The CBFP can also be used for establishing aredundant trip system by providing the circuitbreaker with two tripping coils one being con-trolled by TS2 and the other by TS1. Outputrelay TS1 is used as a trip relay for the circuitbreaker failure protection (CBFP), when theCBFP function is used. In this case the tripsignal can be used either to control a circuitbreaker upstream or to control a second trip coilon the main circuit breaker to increase theredundancy of the circuit breaker.

Fig. 3. Terminal arrangement of the overcurrent and earth-fault relay type SPAJ 144 C

RxTx 68

69

7778

80

Made in Finland

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

25

26

27

61

62

63

65

66

74

75

70

71

72

10

11

7

The relay connects to the fibre-optic SPA bus viaa bus connection module type SPA -ZC 17 orSPA-ZC 21 and the 9-pole, D-type subminiatureconnector located at the rear panel of the relay.The fibre-optic cables are linked from one relayto another and to the substation level communi-cation unit.

Output relay IRF functions as the output relayfor the self-supervision system of the protectionrelay. Under normal operating conditions theIRF relay is energized and the contact gap 70-72is closed. If a fault is detected by the self-supervision system, or on loss of auxiliary sup-ply, the output relay drops off and the NOcontact 71-72 closes.

Signal diagram be configured to obtain the required protectionfunctions.

The figure below schematically illustrates howthe start, trip, control and blocking signals can

I

I

BS1

Imax - Imin

Imax

I

SGR 1 / x

SGR 2 / x

SGR 3 / x

SGR 4 / x

SGR 11 / x

50 ms

Reset trip indicators and output relays

Settings (main / 2nd)SGB 1/5

Reset trip indicators, output relays and registers

SGB 1/7

SGB 1/8

SGB 1/2

SGB 1/1

SGB 1/6

∆I>

I>

I>>

SGF1/1... 3

t∆>

30 ms

t>>

t>, k

0.1..1s

SS11

TS12 1

RESET +PROGRAM

SS23

SGF 4/1

1

SGF 5/1

SGF 5/2

SGF 5/3

SPCJ 4D28

TRIP

RESET

L1

L2

L3

I

SGR 5 / x

SGR 6 / x

SGR 7 / x

SGR 8 / x

SGR 9 / x

SGR 10 / x

SGB 1/4

SGB 1/3

I>>>

Io>

Io>>SGF 1/6... 8

30 ms

t>>>

50 ms

to>, ko

30 ms

to>>

0

TS24

RESET +PROGRAM

SS35

SGF 4/2

1

SGF 4/5

SGF 5/4

SGF 5/5

TRIP ∆I>

START Iο>>

TRIP Iο>>

TRIP Iο>

START Iο>

START I>

TRIP I>

START I>>

TRIP I>>

START I>>>

TRIP I>>>

Fig. 4. Signal diagram of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay type SPAJ 144 C

The functions of the blocking and operationsignals are selected with the switches ofswitchgroups SGB and SGR. The checksums ofthe switchgroups are found in the setting menu

of the protection relay module. The functions ofthe switches are explained in detail in the user´smanual of the protection relay module SPCJ4D28.

Signalabbreviations

IL1, IL2, IL3 Phase currentsI0 Neutral currentBS1 Blocking or control signalSGF1..8 Selector switchgroups for relay functionsSGB1...3 Selector switchgroups for external control signalsSGR1...11 Selector switchgroups for output relays configurationSS1...SS4, TS1...TS4 Output signalsTRIP Red operation indicator

8

RS 611 Ser.No.

n =

n =

SPAJ 144 C

aux

SPCJ 4D28

REGISTERS OPER.IND.

0 0 0 0 0

12345678911

n/L3

0 n/

%)( >

%)( >>

( )>0 %

( 0 ) %>>t

t

t

t [ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

I

0303

A

I

( )I

( )oI

II

I

II

I

I

I

80...265V ~–

18...80V –

5A1A

1A 5A

fn = 50Hz

60Hz

2

5

U

CBFP

I > Start

I 0 > Start

I > Trip∆

123456789011A

I 0 > Trip

I > Trip

>>I Start

>>I Trip

>>>I Start

>>>I Trip

>>I 0 Start

>>I 0 Trip/max (15min)I nII [ % ]∆

n/L1 II

n/L2 II

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D28

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESETSTEP

L1 L2 L3 0 IRF

3 >II

IIII

> nI I/

k

n>>I I/

k 0

n0 >I I/

0023

A

nI/I >>>

>>t [ ]s

st >>> [ ]

s0 >t [ ]

0t s[ ]n0I I/>>

>t [ ]s

>t [ ]s∆>I∆

>>

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Indication Parameter V9 Symbol Explanation

1 1 I> START = Start of overcurrent stage I>2 2 I> TRIP = Operation of overcurrent stage I>3 3 I>> START = Start of overcurrent stage I>>4 4 I>> TRIP = Operation of overcurrent I>>5 5 I>>> START = Start of overcurrent stage I>>>6 6 I>>> TRIP = Operation of overcurrent stage I>>>6 7 I0> START = Start of earth-fault stage I0>7 8 I0> TRIP = Operation of earth-fault stage I0>8 9 I0>> START = Start of earth-fault stage I0>>0 0 I0>> TRIP = Operation of earth-fault stage I0>>

11 11 ∆I> TRIP = Operation of phase discontinuity protectionstage ∆I>

A 12 CBFP = Operation of circuit breaker failure protection

D) The TRIP indications persist when the pro-tection stage returns to normal. The indicator isreset by pushing the RESET/STEP push-but-ton.

Further, the indicators may be reset by applyinga control voltage to the external control input10-11, provided switch SGB1/7 is in position 1.

The basic protection relay functions are notdepending on whether the operation indicatorsare reset or not. The relay is always alert.

If a protection stage starts, but does not operate,because the energizing quantity falls below theset start current before the operate time circuittimes out, the start indicators are normallyswitched off automatically. When required,manual resetting of the start indications is ob-tained through the following switch settings:

SGF2/1 = 1 manual reset of I> start indicationSGF2/2 = 1 manual reset of I>> start indicationSGF2/3 = 1 manual reset of I>>> start indicationSGF2/4 = 1 manual reset of I0> start indicationSGF2/5 = 1 manual reset of I0>> start indication

On delivery of the relay from the factory theswitches SGF2/1…5 are preset at 0.

E) Once the internal self-supervision system hasdetected a permanent relay fault the red IRFindicator is lit and the output relay of the self-supervision system operates. Further, in mostfault situations, an autodiagnostic fault code isshown in the display. The fault code is com-posed of a red figure 1 and a green code numberwhich indicates the fault type. The code numbershould always be recorded for maintenance pur-poses.

Operationindicators

A) The indicator TRIP is lit when one of theprotection stages operates. When the protectionstage resets, the red indicator remains lit. TheTRIP indicator is configured with switchgroupSGF 5.

B) If the display is dark when one of the protec-tion stages I>, I>>, I>>>,I0>, I0>> or ∆I>, oper-ates, the faulty phase or the earth-fault is indi-cated with a yellow LED. If, for instance, theTRIP indicator glows red, and at the same timeare the indicators IL1 and IL2 lit, overcurrent hasoccurred on phase L1 and L2.

C) Besides operating as a code number at datapresentation, the leftmost red digit in the dis-play serves as a visual operation indicator. Anoperation indicator is identified by the red digitalone being lit. The following table explains thecode numbers used.

9

Power supplyand output relaymodule

To be able to operate the relay needs a securedauxiliary voltage supply. The power supplymodule forms the voltages required by the pro-tection relay module and the auxiliary relays.The withdrawable power supply and outputrelay module is located behind the system frontpanel, which is fixed by means of four cross-slotted screws. The power supply and outputrelay module contains the power supply unit,the output relays, the control circuits of theoutput relays and the electronic circuitry of theexternal control inputs.

The power supply and output relay module canbe withdrawn after removing the system front

panel. The primary side of the power supplymodule is protected with a fuse, F1, located onthe PCB of the module.

The power supply unit is a pulse-width modu-lated (PWM) dc/dc converter with galvanicallyisolated primary and secondary sides. It formsthe dc secondary voltages required by the pro-tection relay module; that is +24 V, ±12 V and+8 V. The output voltages ±12 V and +24 V arestabilized in the power supply module, while the+5 V logic voltage required by the protectionrelay module is stabilized in the protection relaymodule.

1 A slow +8V

+12V

-12V

+24V

Uaux

80...265 V ac & dc18...80 V dc

Unstabilized logicsvoltage

Operation amplifier voltage

Output relay coilvoltage

Fig. 5.Voltage levels of the power supply unit

A green LED indicator Uaux on the system frontpanel is lit when the power supply module is inoperation. The supervision of the voltages sup-plying the electronics is integrated into theprotection relay module. If a secondary voltagediffers too much from its rated value, a self-supervision alarm will be generated. An alarmsignal is also issued when the power supplymodule is withdrawn from the relay case, or onloss of auxiliary supply.

There are two versions of power supply andoutput relay modules available. The secondarysides and the relay configurations are identical,but the input voltage ranges differ.

Insulation test voltage between the primary andsecondary side and protective earth

2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min

Voltage ranges of the power supply modules:- SPTU 240 R1 Uaux = 80...265 V dc/ac- SPTU 48 R1 Uaux = 18...80 V dc

The SPTU 240 R1 module can be fed from anac source or a dc source. SPTU 48 R1 is designedfor dc supply only. The permitted auxiliaryvoltage range of the relay is marked on the relaysystem front panel.

10

Technical data(modified 2002-04)

Energizing inputsRated current In 1 A 5 AThermal withstand capability- continuously 4 A 20 A- for 10 s 25 A 100 A- for 1 s 100 A 500 ADynamic current withstand, half-wave value 250 A 1250 AInput impedance <100 mΩ <20 mΩRated frequency fn, on request 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Output contact ratingsTrip contactsTerminal numbers 65-66, 74-75- rated voltage 250 V dc/ac- continuous carry 5 A- make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A- make and carry for 3.0 s 15 ABreaking capacity for dc, when the trip circuittime-constant L/R ≤ 40 ms, at 48/110/220 V dc 5 A/3 A/1 A

Signal contactsTerminals 70-71-72, 68-69, 77-78, 80-81- rated voltage 250 V dc/ac- continuous 5 A- make and carry for 0.5 s 10 A- make and carry for 3.0 s 8 ABreaking capacity for dc, when the signal circuittime-constant L/R ≤ 40 ms, at 48/110/220 V dcsignal circuit voltage 1 A/0.25 A/0.15 A

External control inputsBlocking, remote reset or remote setting input (BS1)- terminal numbers 10-11Control voltage level 18...265 V dc or 80...265 V acControl current of activated input 2…20 mA

Auxiliary power supply and output relay moduleVoltage ranges of power supply modules:SPTU 240R1:- rated voltage Un = 110/120/230/240 V ac

Un = 110/125/220 V dc- operative range U = 80...265 V ac/dSPTU 48R1- rated voltage Un = 24/48/60 V dc- operative range U = 18...80 V dcPower consumption, under quiescent/operation conditions ~4W /~8W

11

Combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28- see "Technical data" in the manual for the module. (1MRS 750093-MUM EN)

Data communicationTransmission mode Fibre-optic serial busData code ASCIIData transfer rate, selectable 4800 Bd or 9600 BdElectrical/optical bus connection modulepowered from the host relay- for plastic core cables SPA-ZC 21BB- for glass fibre cables SPA-ZC 21 MMElectrical/optical bus connection modulepowered from the host relay or from anexternal power source- for plastic core cables SPA-ZC 17BB- for glass fibre cables SPA-ZC 17 MM

Insulation Tests *)Dielectric test IEC 60255-5 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 minImpulse voltage test IEC 60255-5 5 kV, 1.2/50 µs, 0.5 JInsulation resistance measurement IEC 60255-5 >100 MΩ, 500 Vdc

Electromagnetic Compatibility Tests *)High-frequency (1 MHz) burst disturbance testIEC 60255-22-1- common mode 2.5 kV- differential mode 1.0 kVElectrostatic discharge test IEC 60255-22-2 andIEC 61000-4-2- contact discharge 6 kV- air discharge 8 kVFast transient disturbance test IEC 60255-22-4and IEC 61000-4-4- power supply 4 kV- I/O ports 2 kV

Mechanical environmental testVibration test (IEC 60255-21-1) class 1Chock/bump test (IEC 60255-21-2) class 1

Environmental conditionsService temperature range -10...+55°CTransport and storage temperature range -40...+70°CTemperature influence 0.2%/°CDamp heat test (IEC 60068-2-30) 93...95%, +55°C, 6 cyclesDegree of protection by enclosure offlush mounting relay case (IEC 60529) IP 54Weight of fully equipped relay 3.5 kg

*) The tests do not apply to the serial port, which is used exclusively for the bus connection module.

12

Examples ofapplication

The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relaySPAJ 144 C is intended to be used for theselective short-circuit and earth-fault protectionof radial feeders in solidly earthed, resistanceearthed or impedance earthed power systems.The integrated protection relay includes an over-current unit and an earth-fault unit with flexible

tripping and signalling facilities. The overcur-rent and earth-fault relays can also be used forother applications requiring single-, two-, orthree-phase overcurrent protection. The com-bined overcurrent and earth-fault relay also in-cludes a phase discontinuity stage and circuitbreaker failure protection.

SPAJ144C

SPAJ144C

I 0>

3I>

3I>>

3I>

3I>>

I 0

Blocking Signal

TS 2

SS 1

TS 1

TS 2

Tripping Signal

Example 2

Example 1

Fig. 6. The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 144 C used for substation protection.For reasons of clarity remote control equipment and other protection relays have been omitted.

The short circuit protection is based on blockingsbetween successive protection stages. In such anarrangement the relay located nearest to thefault gives, when starting, a blocking signalbackwards to the relay that is closest to theobject supplying the short-circuit current. Ifthere is no blocking, the relay perceives the faultas being within its own protection area and tripsthe circuit breaker. When required the blocking

can be extended to include the transformerfeeding the busbar system.

Current asymmetry, if any, does not have to beallowed for in the current settings, because dueto the peak-to-peak measurement method em-ployed by the SPACOM relays asymmetry doesnot affect the operation of the protection.

13

Example 1.Overcurrent andearth-fault protec-tion of an outgoingfeeder

6162

SP

AJ

144

C

6325

2627

12

34

56

78

9

L1

L2

L3

7071

72

0 6869

U+

(~)

- (~

)

IRF

6566

7475

IRF

T

S2

-

+

SS

3

7778

SS

1

8081

1011

SS

2 T

S1

RE

SE

T

I-

I0

++

++

++

++

3I>

3I>

>

Io>

Io>

>

I/O

SP

CJ

4D28

U3

U2

U1

SPA-ZC_

Rx

Tx

SE

RIA

LP

OR

T

+-

1 A5 A

aux

~

Ext

erna

lco

ntro

lin

put

3I>

>>

∆I>

Sta

rtT

rip

SG

R1

SG

R2

1122

3344

Σ =

125

Sta

rtT

rip

SG

R3

SG

R4

1122

3344

Σ =

12

Σ =

0

Sta

rtT

rip

SG

R5

SG

R6

1122

3344

Σ =

0 Σ

= 1

Trip

SG

R11

12

34

Σ =

8

Sta

rtT

rip

SG

R7

SG

R8

1122

3344

Σ =

24Σ

= 0

Sta

rtT

rip

SG

R9

SG

R10

1122

3344

Σ =

24Σ

= 0

5 55 55 5 55 55

Σ =

0

Circuit breakerfailure protection

Overcurrentalarm

Earth-faultalarm

Blocking signalto the infeeder

(1)

(2)

(4)

(8)

(16)

1 A5 A

1 A5 A

1 A5 A

Fig. 7. The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 144 C used for protecting an outgoingfeeder

14

Overcurrentprotection

The overcurrent relay module SPCJ 4D28 in-cludes three overcurrent stages. By using allthree stages and giving each overcurrent stage itsown operate value and operate time good selec-tivity with short operate times can be obtained.Normally, two-stage overcurrent protection issufficient. However, when the short-circuitprotection is based on blockings between thesuccessive protection stages, the high-set stageI>>> can be used for blocking purpose and sothe blocking level can be freely selected. Thismeans that when starting, the I>>> stage of theovercurrent relay module of the feeder providesa blocking signal to the I>> stage of the overcur-rent relay module of the infeeder. When noblocking signal is received, the infeeder overcur-rent relay module perceives the fault as beingwithin its own protection zone and trips thecircuit breaker. When required, the blockingfunctions can be extended to include the relay ofthe infeeder.

The operation of the low-set stage of the over-current relay can be based on definite timecharacteristic or inverse time characteristic. Theoperation characteristic is selected with the SGF1switchgroup. When definite time characteristichas been selected, the operate time of the relay iscurrent independent. At inverse time character-istic, on the contrary, the operate time is afunction of the fault current level; the greater thefault current, the shorter the operate time. There-fore, the operate time is short at close faults.

In this example the definite time characteristic isused. Definite time characteristic can be used toobtain constant time grading steps over a widecurrent range and it offers faster tripping timesthan inverse time protection at low multiples ofcurrent settings.

Earth-fault protection The earth-fault relay provides two-stage earth-fault protection. The neutral current can bemeasured either via a set of three phase currenttransformers in a residual connection or a core-balance current transformer. The above applica-tion can be used in cases with high earth-faultcurrents, moderate sensitivity requirements andsmall current transformer ratios. In solidelyearthed networks or networks earthed over alow-resistance resistor or low-impedance coil,the earth-fault current is high enough to guaran-tee sufficient accuracy of the residual currentconnection for measuring the earth-fault cur-rent. The accuracy of the residual current con-nection depends on electrical similarity of thecurrent transformers. To secure selectivity andstability at high fault current levels, currenttransformers with high accuracy limit factors arerecommended, especially, if the high-set stage isto operate instantaneously.

The earth-fault relay is provided with two stages,a high-set stage and a low-set stage. The low-setstage satisfies the sensitivity requirements of theprotection and the high-set stage the operatetime requirements. The two-stage relay alsoenables selective protection in such cases, wherethe fault current generated by the feeder duringa fault somewhere else in the network exceedsthe set start current of the low-set stage but notthat of the high-set stage. Definite time opera-tion has been used in this example, but inversetime characteristic can be selected for the stageI0> as well.

The operation of a non-directional neutral over-current relay can be stabilised with a residualvoltage relay. During a no-fault situation theresidual voltage relay provides a blocking signalwhich is routed to the non-directional earth-fault relay. At an earthfault the residual voltagerelay starts, the blocking signal disappears andthe neutral overcurrent relays are allowed tooperate.

Earth-fault currentmeasured with a core-balance transformer

In figure 2, a core-balance current transformer isused instead of the residual current connection.In isolated neutral networks and in networksearthed over a resistor the core-balance currenttransformer is preferred to ensure stable andsensitive earth-fault protection. At an earth-fault situation, the healthy network suppliesfault current to the faulty feeder. Therefore,non-directional earth-fault relays like SPAJ 144C are best suited for the earth-fault protection ofnetworks with rather short feeders, for instance,motor and transformer feeders of industrialswitchgear.

The advantage with the core-balance currenttransformer is that only one CT core is used inplace of three phase current transformers. In thisway the CTmagnetizing current at relay opera-tion is reduced by approximately three-to-one,an important consideration in sensitive earth-fault protection. Furthermore the number ofsecondary turns does not need to be related tothe cable rated current because no secondarycurrent would flow under normal balanced con-ditions. This allows the CT to be choosen suchas to optimize the effective primary pick upcurrent.

15

Phase discontinuityprotection

The phase discontinuity stage ∆I> has a trippingfunction when used for protecting overheadlines. In cable networks, where phase disconti-nuity does not cause dangerous situations, the∆I stage can be given an alarming function. Thephase discontinuity protection can be used irre-spective of earthing principle.

Health and safety is an important considerationfor protecting against phase discontinuity faults.An example can be a broken phase wire, that hasfallen down on such a place that the resistancetowards earth is very high, for example, a dryroad. the earth-fault protection alone is not ableto detect the fault and thus the voltage is not

disconnected. The phase discontinuity protec-tion is of special importance in overhead linesand in overhead lines with isolated phase wires.

The start setting value of the stage ∆I> is thedifference between the minimum and the maxi-mum phase current measured, expressed as per-centage (∆I=(Imax-Imin)/Imax x 100%). The setstart value of the stage depends on the normalunbalance in the network. This has to be consid-ered when selecting the setting value. Since thistype of protection cannot be graded with othersystems, it is confined to a supplementary roleby the use of a long time delay, adjustable from1s up to 300s.

Configuration In the case described in example 1 the switchesof feeder protection relay SPAJ 144 C can beconfigured as follows:

Switch- Serial comm. Checksum Operationgroup parameter

SGF1 S53 000 Definite time operationSGF2 S54 000 All stages used, automatic resetting of start indicatorsSGF3 S55 000 ∆I stage operates, resetting time of I> & I0> = 40 msSGF4 S56 016 No self-holding for TS signals, the TS2 signal starts

the circuit-beaker failure protectionSGF5 S57 008 Signal TS2 controls the TRIP LEDSGF6 S58 000 Not used in SPAJ 144 CSGF7 S59 000 Not used in SPAJ 144 CSGF8 S60 000 Not used in SPAJ 144 C

SGB1 S61 000 No blocking/control by the BS1 signalSGB2 S62 000 Not used in SPAJ 144 CSGB3 S63 000 Not used in SPAJ 144 C

SGR1 S64 000 I> start not linked to the output contactsSGR2 S65 012 I> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS2SGR3 S66 000 I>> start not linked to the output contactsSGR4 S67 012 I>> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS2SGR5 S68 001 I>>> start linked to alarm contact SS1SGR6 S69 000 I>>> trip not linked to output contactsSGR7 S70 000 I0> start not linked to output contactsSGR8 S71 024 I0> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS3SGR9 S72 000 I0>> start not linked to output contactsSGR10 S73 024 I0>> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS3SGR11 S74 008 ∆I> trip linked to output contacts TS2

16

Example 2.Overcurrent andearth-fault protec-tion of an infeeder

6162

SP

AJ 144 C

6325

2627

12

34

56

78

9

1 A5 A

7071

7268

69

U+ (~)

- (~)IRF

6566

7475

IRF

T

S2

SS

3

7778

SS

1

8081

1011

SS

2 T

S1

RE

SE

T

++

++

++

3I>

3I>>

Io>

Io>>

I/O

SP

CJ 4D

28

U3

U2

U1

SPA-ZC_

Rx

Tx

SE

RIA

LP

OR

T

+-

1 A5 A

1 A5 A

1 A5 A

aux

~

3I>>

>

∆I>

StartT

rip

SG

R1

SG

R2

1 12 2

3 34 4

5 5

StartT

rip

SG

R3

SG

R4

1 12 2

3 34 4

5 5

StartT

rip

SG

R5

SG

R6

1 12 2

3 34 4

5 5

Trip

SG

R11

12

34

5

StartT

rip

SG

R7

SG

R8

1 12 2

3 34 4

5 5

StartT

rip

SG

R9

SG

R10

1 12 2

3 34 4

5 5

+

0I

-

-

0

++

I

L1L2L3

- Incoming blockings from the relays of theoutgoing feeders

Overcurretalarm

Earth-faultalarm

Σ =

12Σ

= 0

Σ =

12Σ

= 0

Σ =

12Σ

= 0

Σ =

0

Σ =

24Σ

= 0

Σ =

24Σ

= 0

(2)(4)

(8)(16)

(1)(1)

Fig. 8. The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 144 C used for protecting an infeeder

17

Overcurrentprotection

In the application example 2, the stages I> andI>>> of the overcurrent relay module SPCJ4D28 operate as back-up protection for theoutgoing feeders and the busbar system and theI>> stage is used for the short-circuit protectionof the busbar system. In this way the back-upprotection has two stages and the current set-tings can be the same as those used on theoutgoing feeders. The set operate time of a back-up protection stage is calculated from; the faultcurrent interrupting time of the circuit breaker(~150ms) plus a safety margin (~100ms), plusthe operate time of the protection relay of theoutgoing feeder.

If a fault occurs on the feeder, the overcurrentrelay module of the outgoing feeder provides ablocking signal to the overcurrent relay moduleof the infeeder. Should the fault occur on thebusbar system no blocking signal will be issuedand the I>> stage of the overcurrent module ofthe infeeder provides a trip signal to the infeedercircuit breaker. Thus it is possible to use aminimum operate time of 100 ms at busbarsystem faults. The blocking arrangement can beextended to include the HV side overcurrentrelay of the main transformer.

Busbar protection and the co-operation of therelays between the different protection levelscan be arranged in many ways and varies quite alot between different applications. Below a fewexamles of how the application described can bechanged using some of the features of the relaySPAJ 144 C.

The back-up protection can also be made withthe circuit breaker failure protection function ofthe protection relay of the outgoing feeder.Then a faster back-up function can be achived assince the safety margin can be omitted whensetting the CBFP time. Furthermore, different

time settings on the outgoing feeders do notaffect the operation, because each relay has aseparate CBFP function. The disadvantage ofthe CBFP function is that it requires externalwiring from the protection relays of the outgo-ing feeders to the relay of the infeeder.

If an operate time of less than 100 ms is requiredon the busbar protection system and non-selec-tive operation can be allowed, one possibility isto use the second high-set stage I>>> with aninstantaneous operate time. Then the start cur-rent value shall be set to such a level that the faultmost probably is within the busbar system. Thesecond high-set stage I>>> can be given a setvalue up to 40 times the rated current. Theadvantage is that a fault on the busbar systemdoes not cause serious damage due to the instan-taneous trip of the busbar system. On the otherhand, it is difficult to find the right setting valuesince a close-up fault on a feeder can cause thecircuit breaker of the infeed to trip instead of thefeeder protection relay.

In a double busbar system where the busbarcircuit breaker is closed and two main trans-formers are connected in parallel, the breakingcapacity of the circuit breakers of the feedersmay not be sufficient and so tripping should becarried out by the circuit breaker of the infeeder.Then the current setting of the second high-setstage I>>> is set to the the same level as thebreaking capacity of the feeders. This meansthat if the fault current exceeds the breakingcapacity if the outgoing feeders the tripping isperformed by the protection of the infeeder. Anexternal control signal can be used for shifting tothe second settings when the transformers areused in parallel operation. Then the stage I>>>is active in parallel operation and inhibited orhas other settings when parallel operation not isused.

Eart-fault protection The earth-fault stages can be used in differentways dependig of the earthing principle used. Inthis example with a low-resistance earthed net-work the two stages are used as back-up earth-fault protection and earth-fault protection ofthe busbar system. The low-set stage of theearth-fault protection serves as back-up protec-tion for the outgoing feeders and the high-setstage as the primary earth-fault protection of thebusbar system.

In networks with arc supression coil compen-sated neutral point the earth-fault stages can beused to protect the coil. Should the coil not bedimensioned for continuous service, the protec-tion can be designed so that the low-set stage I0>is alarming and stage I0>> is tripping.

18

Configuration In the case described in example 2 the switchesof feeder protection relay SPAJ 144 C can beconfigured as follows:

Switch- Serial comm. Checksum Operationgroup parameter

SGF1 S53 000 Definite time operationSGF2 S54 000 Automatic resetting of start indicatorsSGF3 S55 000 Stage ∆I operates, resetting time of I> & I0> = 40 msSGF4 S56 016 No self-holding or CBFPSGF5 S57 008 Signal TS2 controls the TRIP LED

SGB1 S61 002 The BS1 signal blocks stage I>>

SGR1 S64 000 I> start not linked to the output contactsSGR2 S65 012 I> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS2SGR3 S66 000 I>> start not linked to the output contactsSGR4 S67 012 I>> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS2SGR5 S68 000 I>>> start not linked to the output contactsSGR6 S69 012 I>>> trip not linked to output contactsSGR7 S70 000 I0> start not linked to output contactsSGR8 S71 024 I0> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS3SGR9 S72 000 I0>> start not linked to output contactsSGR10 S73 024 I0>> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS3SGR11 S74 000 ∆I>trip not linked to output contacts

Commissioning

Settings

When commissioning a SPAJ 144 C all settingscan be entered either via the push buttons on thefront panel or via the serial communicationusing a PC program, e.g. SMS 010. An advan-

tage of using a PC is that the settings are moreeasily entered and the final settings can be savedto a file on a disk for future reference, or apermanent record can be printed on paper.

Inspection Examine the relay case carefully to see that nodamage has occurred since installation. Checkthat the external wiring is correct to the relevant

relay diagram. Ensure that the case earthingconnection (terminal 63) is used for connectingthe relay to the local earth bar.

Wiring In the trip test mode the outputs can be acti-vated one by one to test the circuit breakeroperation etc. The external wiring of the block-ing circuits is also easily tested. To test theblocking circuit, the stage of the relay moduleissuing the blocking signal is activated (see sec-tion "General characteristics of D-type SPCrelay modules") and then it is checked from the

display (register 0) of the relay module to receivethe blocking signal that it arrives properly. Whenthe I>>> stage of the overcurrent module of theoutgoing feeder is started (signal SS1), the right-most digit of register 0 will be 1 (= blockingsignal BS1 is activated) on the relay of theinfeeder.

19

Testing

Periodicmaintenance tests

The relay should be subjected to regular tests inaccordance with national regulations and in-structions. The manufacturer recommends aninterval of five years between the tests.

The test should be carried out as a primary test,which includes the whole protection arrange-ment from the instrument transformers to thecircuit breakers.

The test can also be carried out as a secondaryinjection test. Then the relay has to be discon-nected during the test procedure. However, it isrecommended to check the condition of thesignal and trip circuits as well.

Note!Make sure that the secondary circuits of thecurrent transformers under no condition openor are open, when the relay is disconnected andduring the test procedure.

The test is recommended to be carried out usingthe normal setting values of the relay and theenergizing inputs used. When required, the test

can be extended to include additional settingvalues.

As the settings of the relay modules vary indifferent applications, these instructions presentthe general features of the test procedure. Ordi-nary current and voltage supply units and in-struments for measuring current, voltage andtime can be used for the tests.

During the test procedure the relay recordscurrents, voltages and relay operations. If therecorded data are used for the collection ofinformation for longer time periods (for exam-ple, AR counters), these registers should be readbefore the test is started. After the test theregisters are reset and, if required, the readingsof the AR counters can be restored.

The relay settings may have to be changedduring testing. A PC program is recommendedto be used to read the relay settings beforestarting the test to make sure that the originalsettings are being restored when the test hasbeen completed.

Testing of over-current and earth-fault relay moduleSPCJ 4D28

General

The protection stages used (I>, I>>, I>>>, I0>,I0>> and ∆I>) are tested as follows:

- start value (the high-set stages for all threephases)

- start time- trip time- trip indication, output relay operation and

signalling- circuit breaker failure protection (CBFP)

Start value Test the start value by raising the current, start-ing from zero, until the relay starts. Record thecurrent value required for starting. The valueshould be within the permitted tolerances.

To test the resetting value, if required, raise thecurrent until the relay starts and then reduce thevoltage, until the relay resets.

When multi-stage protection relays are tested,it is often necessary to inhibit or delay theoperation of the low-set stages, to be able to testthe operation of a high-set stage. In such a caseit is recommended to start from the highest stageand then proceed to the lower stages. The ad-vantage of this method is that the original set-tings of the stages really are restored, becauseotherwise the test cannot be carried out success-fully.

Start and trip times Switch a current 2...2.5 times the setting valueof the protection stage to the relay. Measure theoperate time, i.e. the time from the closing of theswitch until the relay operates. The operate timeshould be within the permitted tolerances, ex-cept when the injected current is below 2 timesthe setting value. In such a case the protectivealgorithm adds about 20 ms to the operatetimes.

When inverse times are measured the measure-ment can be made with different supply cur-rents, for example, 2 times and 10 times thesetting value, if required. The resetting time canbe measured from opening of the current switchuntil resetting of the relay.

20

Maintenanceand repairs

When the feeder protection relay is used underthe conditions specified in "Technical data", therelay requires practically no maintenance. Thefeeder protection includes no parts or compo-nents that are sensitive to physical or electricalwear under normal operating conditions.

Should the temperature and humidity at theoperating site differ from the values specified, orthe atmosphere contain chemically active gasesor dust, the relay should be visually inspected inassociation with the secondary testing of therelay. This visual inspection should focus on:

- Signs of mechanical damage to relay case andterminals

- Collection of dust inside the relay case; removewith compressed air

- Signs of corrosion on terminals, case or insidethe relay

If the relay malfunctions or the operating valuesdiffer from those specified, the relay should beoverhauled. Minor measures can be taken bythe customer but any major repair involving theelectronics has to be carried out by the manufac-turer. Please contact the manufacturer or hisnearest representative for further informationabout checking, overhaul and recalibration ofthe relay.

The protection relay contains circuits sensitiveto electrostatic discharge. If you have to with-draw a relay module, ensure that you are at thesame potential as the module, for instance, bytouching the case.

Note!Protective relays are measuring instruments andshould be handled with care and protectedagainst moisture and mechanical stress, espe-cially during transport.

Spare parts Three-phase overcurrent and earth-faultmodule SPCJ 4D28

Power supply and output relay moduleUaux = 80...265 V ac/dc SPTU 240 R1Uaux = 18...80 V dc SPTU 48 R1

21

Dimensions formounting

The relay is housed in a normally flush-mountedcase. The case is made of an extruded, beigealuminium profile. When semi-flush mountingis required, raisings frames can be used to reducethe mounting depth. Three types of raisingframes are available:SPA-ZX 111, 40 mmSPA-ZX 112, 80 mmSPA-ZX 113, 120 mm

For surface mounting a case SPA-ZX 110 isavailable.

A cast aluminium alloy mounting collar with arubber gasket provides a degree of protection byenclosure to IP 54 between the relay case and the

panel surface, when the relay is panel mounted.The relay case is complete with a hinged gasketed,clear, UV-stabilized polycarbonate cover with asealable fastening screw. The degree of protec-tion by enclosure of the cover is IP 54 as well.

A terminal strip and two multi-pole connectorsare mounted on the back of the relay case tofacilitate input and output connections. Toeach heavy-duty terminal, i.e. measuring input,power supply or trip output, one 6 mm2, one4 mm2 or one or two 2.5 mm2 wires can beconnected. No terminal lugs are needed. Thesignalling outputs are available on a six-poledetachable connector and the serial bus connec-tion is using a 9-pin D-type connnector.

Raising frame

SPA-ZX 111SPA-ZX 112SPA-ZX 113

176136 96

74114154

a b

a b

Panel cut-out

129 ±1

139

±1

142

162

136

3034

250

186216

Order information Example1. Quantity and type designation 15 relays type SPAJ 144 C2. Rated frequency fn = 50 Hz3. Auxiliary voltage Uaux = 110 V dc4. Accessories 15 bus connection modules SPA-ZC17 MM

2 fibre optical cables SPA-ZF MM 10014 fibre optical cables SPA-ZF MM 5

5. Special requirements —

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D28

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESETSTEP

L1 L2 L3 o IRF

3 >II

IIII

> nI I/

k

n>>I I/

k 0

n0 >I I/

0023

A

nI/I >>>

>>t [ ]s

st >>> [ ]

s0 >t [ ]

0t s[ ]n0I I/>>

>t [ ]s

>t [ ]s∆>I∆

>>

%[ ]

SPCJ 4D28Overcurrent and earth-fault relay module

User´s manual and Technical description

2

SPCJ 4D28Overcurrent and earth-fault

relay module

Contents Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 2Description of function .................................................................................................. 3

Overcurrent unit ....................................................................................................... 3Earth-fault unit .......................................................................................................... 3Filter characteristics of the measuring inputa ............................................................. 4Phase discontinuity unit ............................................................................................ 4Circuit breaker failure protection unit ....................................................................... 4Output signals ........................................................................................................... 4Auto-reclose start initiation signals ............................................................................ 5Second settings .......................................................................................................... 5Resetting ................................................................................................................... 5

Block diagram................................................................................................................. 6Front panel ..................................................................................................................... 7Operation indicators ....................................................................................................... 8Settings (modified 1999-10) ............................................................................................ 9Measured data .............................................................................................................. 16Recorded information ................................................................................................... 17Menu chart ................................................................................................................... 20Time/current characteristic curves (modified 2002-05) ................................................. 22Technical data .............................................................................................................. 30Serial communication parameters ................................................................................. 31

Event codes ............................................................................................................. 31Remote transfer data ................................................................................................ 33

Fault codes .................................................................................................................... 38

Characteristics Low-set overcurrent stage I> with definite timeor inverse definite time characteristic, the latterwith six selectable inverse-time curves.

High-set overcurrent stage I>> with definitetime characteristic. The high-set stage can be setout of operation.

Superhigh-set overcurrent stage I>>> with defi-nite time characteristic. The superhigh-set stagecan be set out of operation.

Low-set neutral overcurrent stage I0> with defi-nite time or inverse definite time characteristic,the latter with six selectable inverse-time curves.

High-set neutral current stage I0>> with defi-nite time characteristic. The high-set stage canbe set out of operation.

Phase discontinuity stage with definite timecharacteristic. The phase discontinuity stagecan be set out of operation.

Output relay matrix allowing any start or tripsignal from the protection stages to be routed tothe desired output relay.

Flexible configuration of auto-reclose start ini-tiation signals.

Local display of measured and set values anddata recorded at the moment of a fault. Readingand writing of setting values either via localdisplay and front panel push-buttons or fromhigher-level systems over the serial interface andthe fibre-optic bus.

Self-supervision system continuously monitor-ing the operation of the electronics and themicroprocessor. When a permanent fault is de-tected the alarm output relay operates and theother relay outputs are blocked.

1MRS 750093-MUM EN

Issued 1995-05-04Modified 2002-05-15Version E (replaces 34 SPCJ 18 EN1)Checked MKApproved OL

Data subject to change without notice

3

Description ofoperation

Overcurrent unit

The overcurrent unit of the combined overcur-rent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28 isdesigned to be used for single-phase, two-phaseand three-phase overcurrent protection. Theovercurrent unit includes three overcurrentstages: a low-set stage I>, a high-set stage I>> anda superhigh-set stage I>>>.

An overcurrent stage starts if the current on oneor more of the phases exceeds the set start valueof the concerned stage. On starting the stageprovides a start signal which can be routed to thedesired output relay. At the same time a numeri-cal code indicating starting appears on the dis-play. Should the duration of the overcurrentsituation exceed the set operate time of the stageat definite time operation or, at inverse timeoperation of stage I>, a time depending on thelevel of the measured current, the stage operatesissuing an operate signal, which can be routed tothe desired output relay.

The operation of the overcurrent stages I> andI>> can be inhibited by an external controlsignal BS1, BS2 or RRES(BS3) applied to therelay module. The external blocking signals areconfigured with switchgroups SGB1...3.

The operation of the overcurrent stage I> can bebased on definite time or inverse time character-istic. When inverse time characteristic is se-lected four internationally standardized and twospecial type time/current curves are available.Both the mode of operation and the desiredtime/current curve is selected with switchgroupSGF1.

Note! At inverse time characteristic the effectivesetting range of the low-set overcurrent stage is0.5…2.5 x In, although start current settingswithin the range 2.5…5.0 x In can be set on therelay. At inverse time characteristic any startcurrent setting above 2.5 x In of the low-set stagewill be regarded as being equal to 2.5 x In.

If the high-set stage I>> is given a setting fromthe lower part of the the setting range, the relaymodule will contain two nearly identical opera-tion stages. In this case the relay module SPCJ4D28 can be used in two-stage load sheddingapplications.

The set start current value I>>/In of stage I>>can be automatically doubled in a start situa-tion, i.e. when the object to be protected isconnected to the network. Thus a set startcurrent value below the connection inrush cur-rent level may be selected for the overcurrentstage I>>. A start situation is defined as a situa-tion where the phase currents rise from a valuebelow 0.12 x I> to a value above 1.5 x I> in lessthan 60 ms. The start situation ends when thecurrents fall below 1.25 x I>.

The I>> stage or the I>>> stage can be set out ofoperation completely, if not needed. When anovercurrent stage is set out of operation the setstart current of the stage is displayed with threedashes "- - -".

The inverse time function of stage I> can beinhibited, when stage I>> or stage I>>> is start-ing, in which case the operate time is deter-mined by these stages.

Earth-fault unit The earth-fault unit of the combined overcur-rent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28 isprovided with two protection stages: a low-setneutral overcurrent stage I0> and a high-setneutral overcurrent stage I0>>.

The low-set stage or the high-set stage starts, ifthe neutral or residual current measured exceedsthe set start current of the concerned stage. Onstarting the stage provides a start signal, whichcan be routed to the desired output relay. At thesame time a numerical code indicating startingappears on the display. Should the duration ofthe neutral overcurrent situation exceed the setoperate time of the stage at definite time opera-tion or, at inverse time operation of stage I0>, atime depending on the level of the measuredcurrent, the stage operates issuing an operatesignal, which can be routed to the desired out-put relay.

The operation of the overcurrent stages I0> andI0>> can be inhibited by an external control

signal BS1, BS2 or RRES(BS3) applied to therelay module. The external blocking signals areconfigured with switchgroups SGB1...3.

The operation of the low-set stage I0> can bebased on definite time or inverse time character-istic. When inverse time characteristic is se-lected four internationally standardized and twospecial type time/current curves are available.Both the mode of operation and the desiredtime/current curve is selected with switchgroupSGF1.

The I0>> stage can be set out of operationcompletely, if not needed. When a neutral over-current stage is set out of operation the set startcurrent of the stage is displayed with threedashes "- - -".

The inverse time function of stage I0> can beinhibited, when stage I0>> is starting, in whichcase the operate time is determined by stageI0>>.

4

Filter characteristicsof the measuringinputs

A low-pass filter suppresses the harmonics of thephase currents and the earth-fault current meas-ured by the module. Figure 1 shows the signalsuppression as a function of the frequency.

dB 10

0

-10

-20

-30

-400 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 f / fn

Fig. 1. Filter characteristics of the measuringinputs of the module SPCJ 4D28

Phase discontinuityprotection unit

The overcurrent and earth-fault relay moduleSPCJ 4D28 is provided with a phase disconti-nuity protection unit which monitors the mini-mum and maximum phase currents. The differ-ence between these currents is calculated fromthe expression ∆I = (Imax-Imin)/Imax x 100%. Thephase discontinuity protection is not in usewhen the measured currents fall below 0.1 x In.

The phase discontinuity protection stage starts,if the current difference exceeds the set startcurrent ∆I of the stage. Should the duration ofthe phase discontinuity situation exceed the setoperate time t∆> of the stage the stage operates

issuing an operate signal, which can be routed tothe desired output relay. At the same time a redoperation indicator code is lit on the display.

The phase discontinuity protection stage can beset out of operation completely, if not needed.When the stage is set out of operation the setstart current is displayed with three dashes "- - -".

The operation of the phase discontinuity pro-tection stage can be inhibited by an externalcontrol signal BS1 applied to the relay module.The external blocking signal is configured withswitch SGB1/6.

Circuit breakerfailure protectionunit

The overcurrent and earth-fault relay moduleSPCJ 4D28 is provided with a circuit breakerfailure protection unit (CBFP) which provides atrip signal TS1 within 0.1...1 s after the tripsignal TS2, TS3 or TS4 has been delivered,provided the fault still persists after the time haselapsed. The CBFP normally controls the cir-cuit breaker which precedes the circuit breaker

in question. The CBFP can also be used toestablish a redundant trip system by using twotrip coils in the circuit breaker and controllingone of the coils with TS2, TS3 or TS4 and theother with TS1. The switches SGF4/5...7 areused for activating the circuit breaker failureprotection. The operate time is set in submenu5 of register A.

Output signals Switchgroups SGR1...11 are used for routingthe start or trip signals of any protection stageto the desired start outputs SS1...SS4 or tripoutputs TS...TS4.

The output signals TS1…TS4 can be assigneda self-holding function with switches SGF4/1…4. In this case the output signal remains

active, although the signal that caused the op-eration resets. The resetting functions are ex-plained in paragraph "Resetting". The TRIPindicator on the front panel can be set to be liton activation of any of the output signals. Theoperation indicator remains lit after the outputsignal has disappeared. The functions are se-lected with switchgroup SGF5.

5

Auto-reclose startinitiation signals

The start signals AR1, AR2 and AR3 can beused as start initiation signals for the desiredautoreclose shots. The initiation signal AR2 canbe programmed to be activated by the desiredstart and operate signals of the overcurrentmodule. The start signal AR3 can be programmed

to be activated by the desired start and operatesignals of the earth-fault module and the initia-tion signal AR1 by the start and operate signalsof both the overcurrent module and the earth-fault module.

Either the main settings or the second settingscan be selected as currently used settings. Switch-ing between the main settings and the secondsettings can be done in three different ways:

1) By command V150 over the serial communi-cation bus

2) By an external control signal BS1, BS2 orRRES (BS3)

3) Via the push-buttons of the relay module, seesubmenu 4 of register A. When the value ofsubmenu 4 is 0 the main settings are used andwhen the value of submenu 4 is 1 the secondsettings are used.

The main and second settings can be read andset via the serial bus using the S parameters.Those settings only, which currently are used,can be read and set with the push-buttons andthe display on the front panel. When the secondsettings are used the indicators of the settings areflashing.

Note!If external control signals have been used forselecting the main or second settings, it is notpossible to switch between the settings over theserial bus or using the push-buttons on the frontpanel.

Second settings

The LED operation indicators, the operationcode numbers of the display, the latched outputrelays and the registers of the module can be

reset with the push-buttons on the front panel,with an external control signal or by a commandvia the serial bus, see table below.

Way of resetting Resetting of Unlatching of Erasing ofindicators output relays registers

RESET x

PROGRAM (dark display) x x

RESET & PROGRAM x x x

External control signalBS1, BS2 or RRES (BS3),whenSGB2…3/6 = 1 xSGB_7/ = 1 x xSGB_8/ = 1 x x x

Parameter V101 x x

Parameter V102 x x x

Resettings

6

Block diagram

Fig. 2. Block diagram for overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

IL1, IL2, IL3 Phase currentsI0 Neutral currentBS1, BS2, RRES (BS3) External signals for blocking or resettingSGF1..8 Selector switchgroups for relay functionsSGB1...3 Selector switchgroups for external control signalsSGR1...11 Selector switchgroups for configuration of output relaysSS1...SS4, TS1...TS4 Output signalsAR1, AR2, AR3 AR start initiation signalTRIP Red operation indicator

Note!All input and output signals of the relay moduleare not necessarily wired to the terminals of eachprotection relay containing the SPCJ 4D28

module. The signals wired to the terminals areshown in the signal diagram of the concernedprotection relay.

I

I

2 x I>>

I

BS1

BS2

RRES(BS3)

Imax - Imin

Imax

I

SGR 1 / x

SGR 2 / x

SGR 3 / x

SGR 4 / x

SGR 5 / x

SGR 6 / x

SGR 7 / x

SGR 8 / x

SGR 9 / x

SGR 10 / x

SGR 11 / x

0.1..1s

50 ms

Settings (main / 2nd)

Reset trip indicators

Reset trip indicators and output relays

Reset trip indicators, output relays and registers

TRIP

RESET

TS24

RESET +PROGRAM

TS48

RESET +PROGRAM

TS36

RESET +PROGRAM

SS11

TS12 1

RESET +PROGRAM

SS23

SS35

SS47

AR1

AR2

AR3

I> start

I> trip

I>> start

I>> trip

I>>> start

I>>> trip

Io> start

Io> trip

Io>> start

Io>> trip

1

2

3

4

5

6

SGF 6 / x

SGF 7 / x

SGF 8 / 5...8

SGF 8 / 1...41, 5

2, 6

3, 7

4, 8

1.5 x I>

1.25 x I>

&

60 ms

SGB 1…3/5

SGB 2…3/6

SGB 1…3/7

SGB 1…3/8

SGB 3/4

SGB 2/4

SGB 1/4

SGB 3/3

SGB 2/3

SGB 1/3

SGB 3/2

SGB 2/2

SGB 1/2

SGB 3/1

SGB 2/1

SGB 1/1

SGB 1/6

∆I>

I>

0.12 x I>

I>>>

Io>

Io>>SGF 1/6…8

SGF1/5

I>>

SGF1/1…3

t∆>

30 ms

t>>

t>, k

30 ms

t>>>

50 ms

to>, ko

30 ms

to>>

SGF 4/1

SGF 4/2

SGF 4/3

SGF 4/4

1

1

1

1

SGF 4/5

SGF 4/6

SGF 4/7

SGF 5/1

SGF 5/2

SGF 5/3

SGF 5/4

SGF 5/5

SGF 5/6

SGF 5/7

SGF 5/8

SPCJ 4D28

L1

L2

L3

0

7

Front panel

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D28

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESETSTEP

L1 L2 L3 o IRF

3 >II

IIII

> nI I/

k

n>>I I/

k 0

n0 >I I/

0023

A

nI/I >>>

>>t [ ]s

st >>> [ ]

s0 >t [ ]

0t s[ ]n0I I/>>

>t [ ]s

>t [ ]s∆>I∆

>>

%[ ]

Phase current and residual current indicators duringcurrent measurement and phase fault indicatorsat relay operation

Indicator for the start current of stage I>

Indicator for the operate time t> or time multiplier k

Indicator for the start current of stage I>> andthe operate time t>>Indicator for the start current of stage I>>> and theoperate time t>>>Indicator for the start current of stage I0>

Indicator for the operate time t0> and the time multiplier k0

Indicator for the start current of stage I0>> and theoperate time t0>>Indicator for the start current of stage ∆I> andthe operate time t∆>Indicator for the checksums of switchgroups SGF1...8

Indicator for the checksums of switchgroups SGB1...3

Indicator for the checksums of switchgroups SGR1...11

Fig. 3. Front panel of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D28

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESETSTEP

L1 L2 L3 o IRF

3 >II

IIII

> nI I/

k

n>>I I/

k 0

n0 >I I/

0023

A

nI/I >>>

>>t [ ]s

st >>> [ ]

s0 >t [ ]

0t s[ ]n0I I/>>

>t [ ]s

>t [ ]s∆>I∆

>>

%[ ]

Device symbol

Indicator for self-supervision alarm

Display window

Reset and display step push-button

Setting push-button

Operation indicator

Type designation of relay module

8

Operationindicators

Each protection stage has its own red start andtrip code shown as a number on the display. TheTRIP indicator at the bottom right corner isshared by the different protection stages. Switch-group SGF5 is used for defining the mode offunction of the TRIP indicator.

The code numbers indicating tripping and thered TRIP indicator remain lit, when the protec-tion relay has issued a trip signal. Thus it is easyto identify the tripping stage. The indicatorsremain lit even though the stage that caused theindication resets, and they have to be separatelyreset. On the other hand, the code numbersindication starting automatically turned off whenthe protection stage resets. If the stage that

started also operates the code number indicatingstarting turns into a code number indicatingoperation. When desired, the code numbersindicating starting can be set to remain lit, bygiving switches SGF2/1...5 proper settings.

Operation indicators that remain lit are reseteither by pressing the RESET push-button onthe front panel or by command V101 over theSPA bus. Unreset operation indicators do notaffect the operation of the relay module.

The table below shows the code numbers of thedisplay or the corresponding code numbers read-able with parameter V9 indicating starting oroperation of the relay module.

Indication Parameter V9 Symbol Explanation

1 1 I> START Staring of overcurrent stage I>2 2 I> TRIP Operation of overcurrent I>3 3 I>> START Staring of overcurrent stage I>>4 4 I>> TRIP Operation of overcurrent stage I>>5 5 I>>> START Staring of overcurrent stage I>>>6 6 I>>> TRIP Operation of overcurrent stage I>>>7 7 I0> START Starting of earth-fault stage I0>8 8 I0> TRIP Operation of earth-fault stage I0>9 9 I0>> START Starting of earth-fault stage I0>>0 0 I0>> TRIP Operation of earth-fault stage I0>>

11 11 ∆I> TRIP Operation of phase discontinuity protectionstage ∆I>

A 12 CBFP Operation of circuit breaker failure protectionunit

When one of the protection stages of the mod-ule operates, the yellow LEDs on the upper partof the front panel show on which phase thecurrent exceeded the set start current of thestage, named phase fault indication. If, for in-stance, code number 2 and indicators IL1 andIL2 are lit, operation was caused by overcurrenton the phases L1 and L2. The phase faultindication is reset with the RESET push-but-ton.

The self-supervision alarm indicator IRF indi-cates that the self-supervision system of the relaymodule has detected a permanent fault. Once afault has been detected the red indicator is lit. Atthe same time the relay module delivers a con-trol signal to the self-supervision system outputrelay of the protection relay. In addition, inmost fault cases, a fault code appears on thedisplay to indicate the type of fault. This faultcode, which consists of a red figure one (1) anda green 1…3 digit code number cannot beremoved by resetting. The code number shouldbe recorded after a fault situation and statedwhen service is ordered.

9

Settings

Numericalsettings(modified 99-10)

The setting values are indicated by the threerightmost digits on the display.The LED indi-cators adjacent to the symbols of the quantities

to be set indicates the quantity currently beingdisplayed.

Setting Explanation Setting range(factory default)

I>/In Start current of stage I> as a multiple of the energizing 0.5…5.0 x In *)input used. (0.5 x In)

t> Operate time of stage I>, in seconds at definite time 0.05...300 scharacteristic. (0.05 s)

k Time multiplier k of stage I> at inverse time 0.05...1.00characteristic. (0.05)

I>>/In Start current of stage I>> as a multiple of the 0.5...40.0 x In and ∞ * *)energizing input used. (0.5 x In)

t>> Operate time of stage I>>, in seconds. 0.04...300 s(0.04 s)

I>>>/In Start current of stage I>>> as a multiple of the 0.5...40.0 x In and ∞ * *)energizing input used. (0.5 x In)

t>>> Operate time of stage I>>>, in seconds. 0.04...30 s(0,04 s)

I0/In Start current of stage I0> as a multiple of the 0.1...0.8 x Inenergizing input used. (0.1 x In)

t0> Operate time of stage I0>, in seconds, at definite time 0.05...300 scharacteristic. (0.05 s)

k0 Time multiplier k0 of stage I0> at inverse time 0.05...1.00characteristic. (0.05)

I0>>/In Start current of stage I0>> as a multiple of the 0.1...10.0 x In and ∞ * *)energizing input used. (0.1 x In)

t0>> Operate time of stage I0>>, in seconds. 0.05...300 s(0.05 s)

∆I> [%] Start current of stage ∆I> as the difference between 10...100% and ∞ * *)the minimum and maximum phase current measured, (10%)expressed as percentage of the measured current of theenergizing input used. 10...100%.

t∆> Operate time of stage ∆I>, in seconds. 1...300 s(1 s)

CBFP Operate time in seconds of the circuit breaker failure 0.1…1.0 sprotection (0.2 s)

*) At inverse time characteristic the relay al-lows setting above 2.5 x In, but regards anysetting >2.5 x In as being equal to 2.5 x In.

** ) The stage can be set out of operation withSGF switches. This state is indicated as"- - -" on the display.

Note!The continuous current carrying capacity of theenergizing inputs is 4.0 x In.

10

Switch settings Additional functions required for individualapplications are selected with switchgroupsSGF1...8, SGB1...3 and SGR1...11. The switchnumbers, 1...8, and the switch positions, 0 and1, are displayed when the switches are being setmanually. Normally, the checksums of theswitchgroups are displayed, see the main menuin section "Menu chart".

The tables below indicates the factory defaultsettings of the switches and the correspondingchecksums. The method for manual calculationof the checksum is shown at the end of thissection.

The switchgroups SGF1...8 are used for confi-guring the desired functions as follows:

Switch Function Factorydefault

SGF1/1 Definite time or inverse time characteristic for stage I>. 0SGF1/2 When the inverse time has been selected, the desired 0SGF1/3 current/time characteristic is selected as follows: 0

SGF1/1 SGF1/2 SGF1/3 Characteristic Operate time t> ortime/current curve

0 0 0 Definite time 0.05...300 s1 0 0 Inverse time Extremely inverse0 1 0 " Very inverse1 1 0 " Normal inverse0 0 1 " Long-time inverse1 0 1 " RI type characteristic0 1 1 " RXIDG type

characteristic1 1 1 --- (Long-time inverse)

SGF1/4 Not in use 0

SGF1/5 Automatic doubling of the set start current of stage I>>, when the 0object to be protected is connected to the network.

When SGF1/5 = 0, the doubling function is out of use.When SGF1/5 = 1, the set start current of stage I>> is automaticallydoubled. This feature allows the start current of stage I>> to be setbelow the level of the connection inrush current.

SGF1/6 Definite time or inverse time characteristic for stage I0>. 0SGF1/7 When the inverse time has been selected, the desired 0SGF1/8 current/time characteristic is selected as follows: 0

SGF1/6 SGF1/7 SGF1/8 Characteristic Operate time t0> ortime/current curve

0 0 0 Definite time 0.05...300 s1 0 0 Inverse time Extremely inverse0 1 0 " Very inverse1 1 0 " Normal inverse0 0 1 " Long-time inverse1 0 1 " RI type characteristic0 1 1 " RXIDG type

characteristic1 1 1 --- (Long-time inverse)

∑ SGF1 0

11

Switch Function Factorydefault

SGF2/1 Mode of operation of the start indicating code numbers of the differ- 0SGF2/2 ent stages. When the switches are in position 0, the start indication 0SGF2/3 code number automatically resets, once the fault disappears. When 0SGF2/4 the switch is in position 1, the code number remains lit, although the 0SGF2/5 fault disappears. 0

Switch Stage Switch positionCode resets Code remains

SGF2/1 I> 0 1SGF2/2 I>> 0 1SGF2/3 I>>> 0 1SGF2/4 I0> 0 1SGF2/5 I0>> 0 1

SGF2/6 Inhibition of the operation of stage I>>, stage I>>> and stage I0>>. 0SGF2/7 When the operation is inhibited the display shows "- - -", when the 0SGF2/8 set value is displayed 0

Switch Stage Switch positionNot inhibited Inhibited

SGF2/6 I>> 0 1SGF2/7 I>>> 0 1SGF2/8 I0>> 0 1

∑ SGF2 0

SGF3/1 Phase discontinuity protection stage ∆I> to be set out of use. 1When SGF3/1 = 1, the phase discontinuity protection stage is outof use. The out of use state is indicated as "- - -" on the display.

SGF3/2 Resetting times of stage I> and I0>. 0SGF3/3 0SGF3/4 Switch Stage Switch position 0SGF3/5 40 ms 100 ms 500 ms 1000 ms 0

SGF3/2 I> 0 1 0 1SGF3/3 0 0 1 1SGF3/4 I0> 0 1 0 1SGF3/5 0 0 1 1

SGF3/6 Inverse time operation of stage I> to be inhibited by the starting of 0stage I>>.When SGF3/6 = 1, the inverse time operation is inhibited.

SGF3/7 Inverse time operation of stage I> to be inhibited by the starting of 0stage I>>>.When SGF3/7 = 1, the inverse time operation is inhibited.

SGF3/8 Inverse time operation of stage I0> to be inhibited by the starting of 0stage I0>>.When SGF3/8 = 1, the inverse time operation is inhibited.

∑ SGF3 1

12

Switch Function Factorydefault

SGF4/1 Selection of self-holding for output signal TS1 0SGF4/2 Selection of self-holding for output signal TS2 0SGF4/3 Selection of self-holding for output signal TS3 0SGF4/4 Selection of self-holding for output signal TS4 0

When the switch is in position 0, the output signal returns to itsinitial state, when the measuring signal that caused operation fallsbelow the set start level.When the switch is in position 1 the output signal remains highalthough the measuring signal that caused operation falls belowthe set start level.

At self-holding the output signal is reset with the push-buttons on thefront panel, via an external control input or the serial bus, see section"Description of function".

SGF4/5 Starting of the circuit breaker failure protection (CBFP) by signal TS2 0SGF4/6 Starting of the circuit breaker failure protection (CBFP) by signal TS3 0SGF4/7 Starting of the circuit breaker failure protection (CBFP) by signal TS4 0

When the switch is in position 1, the output signal TS_ starts thecircuit breaker failure protection. If the operate time of the CBFPexpires while the output signal is active, the CBFP generates anoperate signal TS1.When the switch is in position 0, the CBFP is set out of use.

SGF4/8 Not in use 0

∑ SGF4 0

SGF5/1 Selection of the signal to control the TRIP indicator on the front panel. 0SGF5/2 When the switch corresponding to a certain output signal is in 1SGF5/3 position 1, the TRIP indicator is lit on activation of the output signal. 0SGF5/4 1SGF5/5 Switch Output signal Switch position 0SGF5/6 TRIP indicator TRIP indicator lit 1SGF5/7 not lit 0SGF5/8 1

SGF5/1 SS1 0 1SGF5/2 TS1 0 1SGF5/3 SS2 0 1SGF5/4 TS2 0 1SGF5/5 SS3 0 1SGF5/6 TS3 0 1SGF5/7 SS4 0 1SGF5/8 TS4 0 1

∑SGF5 170

13

SwitchgroupsSGF6…8

(modified 96-02)

Using the different start and operation signals asautoreclose start initiation signals AR1, AR2 orAR3. The signal selection possibilities are shownin Fig. 4 below.

In the figure the start and operate signals of thedifferent protection stages are connected to thedesired autoreclose start line AR1, AR2 or AR3,for instance, by encircling the signal crossing

point. The numbers of the different switchesand their weight factors are marked near thecrossing points. The checksums for the differentswitch groups are obtained by adding the weightfactors of the selected switches.

Switches SGF6/7…8 and SGF7/7…8 are notin use.

Fig. 4. Selection matrix for the autoreclose initiation signals

1 (1)

2 (2)

3 (4)

4 (8)

5 (16)

6 (32)

1 (1)

3 (4)

5 (16)

7 (64)

2 (2)

4 (8)

6 (32)

8 (128)

AR1 AR3Autoreclose

initiating signal AR2

1 = switchnumber(1) = weighting factor

Checksum(factory setting)

∑ SGF6 =(∑ = 0)

∑ SGF7 =(∑ = 0)

∑ SGF8 =(∑ = 0)

SGF6

1 (1)1 (1)

2 (2)

3 (4)

4 (8)

5 (16)

6 (32)

I>

t>

I>>

t>>

I>>>

t>>>

I >

t >

I >>

t >>

Operation stage

0

0

0

0

SGF7 SGF6

SGF8 SGF8

SGF6 = switchgroup

14

SwitchgroupsSGB1…3

The functions of the control signals BS1, BS2and RRES (BS3) are defined with switchgroupsSGB1…3. The matrix shown below can be usedas an aid for making the desired selections. Thecontrol signals at the left side in the matrix canbe combined with the functions at the upperside by encircling the desired intersection points.Each intersection point is marked with a switchnumber and the corresponding weight factor of

the switch is shown at the bottom row of thematrix. By horizontally adding the weight fac-tors of all the selected switches of a switchgroupthe switchgroup checksums is obtained.

Note!Check if all the control signals of the relaymodule SPCJ 4D28 are available in the protec-tion relay in question.

t>> t >0 t >>0Main

Second

BS1

BS2

RRES (BS3)

IndicatorsIndicators,self-hold.,registers

Indicators,self-hold.

∑SGB1=

∑SGB2=

∑SGB3=

t> ∆I>

2 4 8 16 32 64Weighting

factor1 12832

2 3 4 5 71 86

2 3 4 5 6 71 8

2 3 4 5 6 71 8

(∑ = 0)

(∑ = 0)

(∑ = 0)

Checksum(factory setting)

Fig. 5. Control signal matrix of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28.

Switch Function

SGB_/1...4 Configuration of blocking signals to be applied to one or more protection stagesvia the external control signals BS1, BS2 and RRES (BS3). When a switch is inposition 1, the operation of the concerned protection stage is blocked as long asthe control signal is high.

SGB_/5 Switching between main setting values and second settings, either via the serialbus using command V 150, or using an external control signal.

When SGB_/5 = 0, the setting values cannot be switched with an external controlsignal.When SGB1/5 = 1, the currently used setting values are determined exclusivelyby the state of the external control signal.

Note!When the relay is provided with second settings in addition to the main settings,it is important that switch SGB_/5 has the same setting in the main settings andthe second settings.

SGB1/6 Blocking of stage ∆I> via the external control signal BS1. The principle ofoperation is the same as for switches SGB_/1…4.

SGB2…3/6 Resetting of the operation indicators on the front panel, see section "Resetting"

SGB_/7 Resetting of the operation indicators and the latched output relays, see section"Resetting"

SGB_/8 Resetting of the operation indicators, the latched output relays and the registers,see section "Resetting"

15

SwitchgroupsSGR1…11

(modified 96-02)

The start and operate signals of the protectionstages are combined with the outputs SS1…SS4 and TS1…TS4 with the switches ofswitchgroups SGR1…11.

The matrix shown below can be used as an aidfor making the desired selections. The start andoperate signals of the different protection stagescan be combined with the output signalsSS1…SS4 and TS1…TS4 by encircling thedesired intersection points. Each intersection

point is marked with a switch number and thecorresponding weight factor of the switch isshown at the bottom row of the matrix. Byhorizontally adding the weight factors of all theselected switches of a switchgroup the switch-group checksums is obtained.

Note!Check if all the start and operate signals of therelay module SPCJ 4D28 are available in theprotection relay in question.

Fig. 6. Output signal matrix of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28.

I>

t>

I>>

t>>

I>>>

t>>>

I >

t >

I >>

t >>

t∆>

SGR1

SGR2

SGR3

SGR4

SGR5

SGR6

SGR7

SGR8

SGR9

SGR10

SGR11

SS1 TS1 SS2 TS2 SS3 TS3 SS4 TS4

1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128

Switch-group

Operation stage

∑ SGR1 =

∑ SGR2 =

∑ SGR3 =

∑ SGR4 =

∑ SGR5 =

∑ SGR6 =

∑ SGR7 =

∑ SGR8 =

∑ SGR9 =

∑ SGR10 =

∑ SGR11 =

Weighting factor

Output signal

0

0

0

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Checksum(factory setting)

(∑ = 0)

(∑ = 42)

(∑ = 0)

(∑ = 42)

(∑ = 0)

(∑ = 42)

(∑ = 0)

(∑ = 42)

(∑ = 0)

(∑ = 42)

(∑ = 42)

I>∆

16

Manual checksumcalculation

Switch Weight factor Position Value

SGF1/1 1 x 1 = 1SGF1/2 2 x 0 = 0SGF1/3 4 x 1 = 4SGF1/4 8 x 0 = 0SGF1/5 16 x 0 = 0SGF1/6 32 x 0 = 0SGF1/7 64 x 1 = 64SGF1/8 128 x 0 = 0

Checksum of switchgroup SGF1 ∑ = 69

The measured values are indicated by the threeright-most digits on the display. The measured

value currently presented is indicated by a yel-low LED above the display.

Indicator Measured data Measuringrange

IL1 Measured line current on phase L1 as a multiple of the rated 0…63 x Incurrent In of the energizing input used.

IL2 Measured line current on phase L2 as a multiple of the rated 0…63 x Incurrent In of the energizing input used.

IL3 Measured line current on phase L3 as a multiple of the rated 0…63 x Incurrent In of the energizing input used.

I0 Residual current as a multiple of the rated current In of the 0…21 x Inenergizing input used.

I0 In the submenu of the residual current the difference ∆I 0…100%between the minimum phase current and the maximumphase current is available, expressed as a percentage.

Measured data

17

Recordedinformation

The left-most digit of the display shows theregister address and the other three digits therecorded information. The structure of the reg-

isters is presented in the section "Main menusand submenus of settings and registers".

Register/ Recorded informationSTEP

1 Current measured on phase L1, expressed as a multiple of the rated current In. Theregister is updated when one of the overcurrent stages (I>, I>> or I>>>) starts oroperates. Then the previous current values will be pushed forwards one step in thestack while the oldest value is lost. The last five current values recorded arememorized so that the most recent value is stored in the main register and the otherfour values are stored in the subregisters. When the relay starts but does not operate,the relay module memorizes the maximum current measured on phase L1 during thestart situation.When the stage operates, the value of the current measured at the moment ofoperation is recorded.

2 Register 2 records the events of phase L2. The operation principle is the same as thatof register 1.

3 Register 3 records the events of phase L3. The operation principle is the same as thatof register 1.

4 Duration of the latest start situation of stage I>, expressed as a percentage of the setoperate time or, at IDMT mode of operation, of the calculated operate time. Theregister is updated, once the I> stage starts. Then the previously recorded values willbe pushed forwards one step in the stack while the oldest value is lost. The last fivecurrent values recorded are memorized so that the most recently recorded value isstored in the main register and the other four values are stored in the subregisters.When the overcurrent stage operates, the counter reading is 100.

Subregister 5 states the number of times stage I> has started, i.e. how many timesthe start value of the stage was exceeded, n(I>) = 0...255.

5 Duration of the latest start situation of stage I>>, expressed as a percentage of the setoperate time. The operation principle is the same as that of register 4.

Subregister 5 states the number of times stage I>> has started, i.e. how many timesthe set start current of the stage were exceeded, n(I>>) = 0...255.

6 Residual current I0 measured, expressed as a multiple of the rated current In. Theregister is updated each time one of the residual current stages (I0> or I0>>) starts oroperates. Then the previous current values will be pushed forwards one step in thestack while the oldest value is lost. The last five current values recorded arememorized in such a way that the most recent value is stored in the main register andthe other four values in the subregisters. When the relay starts but does not operate,the relay module memorizes the maximum residual current measured during thestart situation.When the stage operates, the value of the current measured at the moment ofoperation is recorded.

18

Register/ Recorded informationSTEP

7 Duration of the latest start situation of stage I0>, expressed as a percentage of the setoperate time or, at IDMT mode of operation, of the calculated operate time. Theregister is updated each time the I0> stage starts. Then the previous values recordedwill be pushed forwards one step in the stack while the oldest value is lost. The lastfive current values recorded are memorized so that the most recent value is stored inthe main register and the other four values are stored in the subregisters. When thestage operates, the counter reading is 100.

Subregister 5 states the number of times stage I0> has started, i.e. how many timesthe set start current of the stage was exceeded, n(I0>) = 0...255.

8 Duration of the latest start situation of stage I0>>, expressed as a percentage of theset operate time. The operation principle is the same as that of register 7.

Subregister 5 states the number of times stage I0>> has started, i.e. how many timesthe set start current of the stage was exceeded, n(I>>) = 0...255.

9 Unbalance ratio ∆I expressed as a percentage, i.e. the difference between theminimum phase current and the maximum phase current. When the phasediscontinuity protection unit operates, the register is updated with the value at themoment of operation. Then the values recorded previously will be pushed forwardsone step in the memory stack while the oldest value is lost. The last five current valuesrecorded are available in the memory stack.

11 Continuous 15 min maximum demand current, updated once a minute.

Submenu 1 contains the highest maximum demand current value recorded after thelast relay reset.

0 Display of external blocking and control signals.

The right-most digit indicates the status of the external control signals of the relaymodule as follows:

Displayed Activated signalfigure BS1 BS2 RRES

(BS3)

01 x2 x3 x x4 x5 x x6 x x7 x x x

The functions of the external control signals are defined with the switches ofswitchgroups SGB1...3.

19

Register/ Recorded informationSTEP

From register 0 it is possible to enter the TEST mode, in which the start and operatesignals of the module can be activated one by one. The table below shows theactivation order and the corresponding indicator lit when a signal is tested.

Indicator Signal activatedI> start signal of stage I>t> operate signal of stage I>I>> start and operate signal of stage I>>I>>> start and operate signal of stage I>>>I0> start signal of stage I0>t0> operate signal of stage I0>I0>> start and operate signal of stage I0>>∆I> operate signal of stage ∆I> activated

For further information about the operation, see description "General characteris-tics of D-type SPC relay modules".

A Address code of the relay module, required by the serial communication system.In addition, the following submenus are available in register A:

1. Selection of the data transfer rate, 4.8 kBd or 9.6 kBd, of the relay module. Defaultsetting 9.6 kBd.

2. Bus traffic counter indicating the operating state of the serial communicationsystem. If the relay module is connected to a system including a control datacommunicator and the communication system is operating, the counter readingis 0. Otherwise the numbers 0...255 are continuously scrolling in the counter.

3. Password required for remote setting. Settings cannot be changed over the serialcommunication system unless a password (remote setting parameter V160) hasbeen given.

4. Selection of main and second settings (0 = main settings, 1 = second settings).Default setting 0.

5. Selection of operate time for the circuit breaker failure protection, setting range0.1...1.0 s. Default setting 0.2 s

When the display is dark, press the STEP push-button for 1 second to go to the beginning of thedisplay menu. To go to the end of the displaymenu, press the STEP push-button for a shortmoment only (<0.5 s).

The values stored in registers 1...11 are clearedby pressing the push-buttons RESET and PRO-GRAM simultaneously, by a command V102over the serial communication system or by an

external control signal BS1, BS2 or RRES. Theregisters are cleared by failures in the auxiliarypower supply to the module. The setting values,the address code, the data transfer rate and thepassword of the relay module are not affected bysupply voltage failures. Instructions for specify-ing the address code and the data transfer rate ofthe relay module are given in the description"General characteristics of D-type SPC relaymodules".

20

Menu chart

0

A

1

1

1

1

0

3

MAIN MENU

REV

STEP

.5s

FWD

STEP

1s

1 2

STEP 0.5 s PROGRAM 1s

SUBMENUFWD STEP 1 sREV. STEP 0.5 s

Normal status, display off

Status of external control signals

Relay module identification address for communication

Communication rate setting [kBd]

000 IRF

Loss of bus traffic time counter 0…255

8

3

8

3Setting of switchgroup SGB1

1 2Value of current IL1, latest memorized event n

2 1 2

3 1 2

4 1 2Duration of I> starting, latest memorized event n

5 1 2

6 1 2

7 1 2

8 1 2

9 1 2

11 1Maximum demand current value for 15 minutes

MAIN MENU SUBMENU

Current in phase L1

Neutral current Io Differential current ∆I

Start value I>

Operate time t> or multiplier k

Start value I>>

Start value I>>>

Start value Io>

Operate time to> ormultiplier ko

Start value Io>>

Start value ∆I

Setting of switchgroup SGR1

Setting of switchgroup SGF1

Setting of switchgroup SGR7

Setting of switchgroup SGR2

Setting of switchgroup SGB2

Setting of switchgroup SGF7

Setting of switchgroup SGF2

Setting of switchgroup SGF3

Setting of switchgroup SGF8

Setting of switchgroup SGB3

Setting of switchgroup SGR3

Setting of switchgroup SGR8

1

2

7

2

2

7

Operate time to>>

Operate time t∆>

Operate time t>>

Operate time t>>>

1

Value of current IL2, latest memorized event n

Value of current IL3, latest memorized event n

Value of current IL1, event n-1

Value of current IL2, event n-1

Value of current IL3, event n-1

Value of current IL1, event n-2

Value of current IL2, event n-2

Value of current IL3, event n-2

Duration of I>> starting, latest memorized event n

Value of current Io, latest memorized event n

Value of current ∆I, latest memorized event n

Duration of Io> starting, latest memorized event n

Duration of Io>> starting, latest memorized event n

Duration of I> starting, event n-1

Duration of I>> starting, event n-1

Value of current Io,event n-1

Value of current ∆I,event n-1

Duration of Io> starting, event n-1

Duration of Io>> starting, event n-1

Duration of I> starting, event n-2

Duration of I>> starting, event n-2

Value of current Io,event n-2

Value of current ∆I,event n-2

Duration of Io> starting, event n-2

Duration of Io>> starting, event n-2

Highest maximum demand value found

A

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Current in phase L2

Current in phase L3

Value, that can be set in the setting mode=

I> t> I>> I>>> Io> to> Io>> ∆I>

Fig. 7. Main and submenus of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28.

21

The procedure for entering a submenu or asetting mode, setting a value and entering theTEST mode is described in detail in the manual

1MRS 750066-MUM EN: "General charac-teristics of D-type SPC relay modules". A shortguide follows:

Desired step Push-button Action

Forward step in main menu or submenu STEP Press for more than 0.5 sRapid scan forward in main menu STEP Keep depressedBackward step in main or submenu STEP Press less than 0.5 sEntering a submenu from the main menu PROGRAM Press for 1 s

(activated when released)Entering or leaving a setting mode PROGRAM Press for 5 sIncrementation of value in setting mode STEPMoving cursor in setting mode PROGRAM Press for about 1 sStoring a setting value in setting mode STEP and Press simultaneously

PROGRAMErasing of memorized values and re- STEP andsetting of latched output relays PROGRAMResetting of latched output relays PROGRAM Note! Display must be dark

Setting of switchgroup SGF5

5Number of I> starts since latest reset

4 5 6

9 10 11

4 5 6

Password for altering settings

Selection of main vs. second settings

Operate time for the CB-failure protection

Setting of switchgroup SGF4

Setting of switchgroup SGR10

Setting of switchgroup SGR5

Setting of switchgroup SGR4

Setting of switchgroup SGF6

Setting of switchgroup SGR6

Setting of switchgroup SGR11

Setting of switchgroup SGR9

Value of current IL1, event n-4

Value of current IL2, event n-3

Value of current IL3 event n-3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

Value of current IL2, event n-4

Value of current IL3, event n-4

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

Number of I>> starts since latest reset

Number of Io> starts since latest reset

Number of Io>> starts since latest reset

Value of current IL1, event n-33

Duration of I> starting, event n-3

Duration of I>> starting, event n-3

Value of current Io,event n-3

Value of current ∆I,event n-3

Duration of Io> starting, event n-3

Duration of Io>> starting, event n-3

Duration of I> starting, event n-4

Duration of I>> starting, event n-4

Value of current Io,event n-4

Value of current ∆I,event n-4

Duration of Io> starting, event n-4

Duration of Io>> starting, event n-4

3 4 5A

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

5Number of ∆I> starts since latest reset

22

The relay module incorporates four internation-ally standardized time/current curve groups named"extremely inverse", "very inverse", "normal in-verse" and "long-time inverse". The relationshipbetween time and current is in accordance withthe standards BS 142 and IEC 60255-3, and canbe expressed as follows:

t [s] =

where t = operate timek = time multiplierI = phase current valueI> = set current value

k x β I α I>

Time/currentcharacteristics(modified 2002-05)

The overcurrent stage I> and the low-set re-sidual current stage I0> can be given definitetime or an inverse definite time operation char-acteristic. The settings of the switches SGF1/1...3 determine the mode of operation of stageI> and the switches SGF1/6…8 that of the stageI0>. See section "Setting switches".

At the IDMT characteristic, the operate time ofthe stage will be a function of the current: thehigher the current, the shorter is the operatetime. Six time/current curve groups are avail-able. Four of these comply with the BS 142 andIEC 255 standards and two curve groups, the RIand the RXIDG curve groups are special typecurve groups according to ABB praxis.

The values of the constants α and β determinethe slope as follows:

Time/current α βcurve group

Normal inverse 0.02 0.14Very inverse 1.0 13.5Extremely inverse 2.0 80.0Long-time inverse 1.0 120.0

The standard BS 142.1966 defines the normalcurrent range to be 2...20 times the settingvalue. In addition, the relay has to start at thelatest when the current exceeds the setting valueby 1.3 times, if the time/current characteristic isnormal inverse, very inverse or extremely in-verse. For the long-time inverse characteristicthe normal current range is specified to be 2...7times the setting and the relay is to start whenthe current exceeds the setting value by 1.1times.

The operate time tolerances specified by thestandard are as follows (E denotes accuracy inper cent, - = not specified):

- 1

I/I> Normal Very Extremely Long time

2 2,22E 2,34E 2,44E 2,34E5 1,13E 1,26E 1,48E 1,26E7 - - - 1,00E

10 1,01E 1,01E 1,02E -20 1,00E 1,00E 1,00E -

In the normal current ranges specified above theinverse time stages of the overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28 fulfil the toler-ance requirements of class 5 at all degrees ofinversity.

The time/current characteristics according tothe IEC and BS standards are illustrated in Fig.8…11.

Note.The actual operate time of the relay, presentedin the graphs in Fig. 8…11, includes an addi-tional filter and detection time plus the operatetime of the trip output relay. When the operatetime of the relay is calculated using the math-ematical expression above, these additional timesof about 30 ms in total have to be added to thetime received.

Characteristicsaccording toIEC 60255 andBS 142

( )

23

RI-typecharacteristic

The RI-type characteristic is a special character-istic that is principally used to obtain timegrading with mechanical relays. The character-istic can be expressed by the mathematical ex-pression

t [s] =

where t = operate time in secondsk = time multiplierI = phase currentI> = set start current

The characteristic is illustrated in Fig. 12.k

I>I

The RXIDG-type characteristic is a special char-acteristic that is principally used in earth-faultprotection, in which a high degree of selectivityis required also at high-resistance faults. In thiscase the protection can operate in a selectiveway, even if they are not directional.

Mathematically, the time/current characteristiccan be expressed as follows:

t [s] = 5.8-1.35 x loge

where t = operate time in secondsk = time multiplierI = phase currentI> = set start current

The characteristic is illustrated in Fig. 13.

Ik x I>( )

0.339 - 0.236 x

RXIDG-typecharacteristic

24

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102 20 I/I>

0.05

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

k

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.070.080.090.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.80.9

1

2

3

4

5

6

789

10

20

30

40

70

60

50

t/s

Fig. 8. Inverse-time characteristics of overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

Extremely inverse

25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>

0.05

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.70.80.91.0

k

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.070.080.090.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.80.9

1

2

3

4

5

6

789

10

20

70

60

50

40

30

t/s

Fig. 9. Inverse-time characteristics of overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

Very inverse

26

0.05

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.60.70.80.91.0

k

1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>60.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.070.080.090.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.80.9

1

2

3

4

5

6

789

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

t/s

Fig. 10. Inverse-time characteristics of overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

Normal inverse

27

1 2 3 4 5 10 206 7 8 9 I/I>

0.05

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.70.80.91.0

k

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.70.80.9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

89

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

t/s

Fig. 11. Inverse-time characteristics of overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

Long-time inverse

28

Fig. 12. Inverse-time characteristic of overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

RI-type inverse

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>

0.05

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.70.80.91.0

k

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.070.080.090.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.70.80.9

1

3

4

5

6

7

9

10

20

70

60

50

40

30

t/s

2

8

29

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

k

1 2 3 5 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>60.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.070.080.090.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.80.9

1

2

3

4

5

78

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

t/s

30 40

6

9

0.05

4

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.50.3

Fig. 13. Inverse-time characteristic of overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

RXIDG-type inverse

30

Technical data Feature Stage I> Stage I>> Stage I>>>

Start current- at definite time 0.5…5.0 x In 0.5…40.0 x In and ∞ 0.5…40.0 x In and ∞- at inverse time 0.5…2.5 x InStart time, typ. 70 ms 40 ms 40 msOperate time at definite 0.05…300 s 0.04…300 s 0.04…30 stime characteristicTime/current characteristic Extremely inv.at inverse mode Very inv.

Normal inv.Long-time inv.RI type inv.RXIDG type inv.

Time multiplier k 0.05…1.0Reset time, typ. 40 ms 40 ms 40 msRetardation time <30 ms <30 ms <30 msReset ratio, typ. 0.96 0.96 0.96Operate time accuracy ±2% of set ±2% of set ±2% of setat definite time mode value or ±25 ms value or ±25 ms value or ±25 msAccuracy class index E 5at inverse time modeOperation accuracy ±3% of set value ±3% of set value ±3% of set value

Feature Stage I0> Stage I0>> Stage ∆I>

Start current 0.1…0.8 x In 0.1…10.0 x In and ∞ 10…100% and ∞Start time, typ. 70 ms 50 ms 150 msOperate time at definite 0.05…300 s 0.05…300 s 1…300 stime characteristicTime/current characteristic Extremely inv.at inverse mode Very inv.

Normal inv.Long-time inv.RI type inv.RXIDG type inv.

Time multiplier k 0.05…1.0Reset time, typ. 40 ms 40 ms 80 msRetardation time <30 ms <30 msReset ratio, typ. 0.96 0.96 0.90Operate time accuracy ±2% of set ±2% of set ±2% of setat definite time mode value or ±25 ms value or ±25 ms value or ±25 msAccuracy class index E 5at inverse time modeOperation accuracy ±3% of set value ±3% of set value ±1 unit ±3% of

set value

31

Serialcommunicationparameters

Event codes

The start and operate situations of the protec-tion stages and the states of the output signalsare defined as events and provided with eventcodes, which can be transmitted to higher sys-tem levels via the serial bus. An event, which is

to be communicated, is marked with a multi-plier 1. The event mask is formed by the sum ofthe weight factors of all those events, that are tobe communicated.

Event mask Code Setting range Default setting

V155 E1…E12 0…4095 1365V156 E13…E24 0…4095 1365V157 E25…E32 0…255 192V158 E33…E42 0…1023 12

Event codes of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

Code Event No. represent- Defaulting the event value

E1 Starting of stage I> 1 1E2 Starting of stage I> reset 2 0E3 Tripping of stage I> 4 1E4 Tripping of stage I> reset 8 0E5 Starting of stage I>> 16 1E6 Starting of stage I>> reset 32 0E7 Tripping of stage I>> 64 1E8 Tripping of stage I>> reset 128 0E9 Starting of stage I>>> 256 1E10 Starting of stage I>>> reset 512 0E11 Tripping of stage I>>> 1024 1E12 Tripping of stage I>>> reset 2048 0

Default value of event mask V155 1365

E13 Starting of stage I0> 1 1E14 Starting of stage I0> reset 2 0E15 Tripping of stage I0> 4 1E16 Tripping of stage I0> reset 8 0E17 Starting of stage I0>> 16 1E18 Starting of stage I0>> reset 32 0E19 Tripping of stage I0>> 64 1E20 Tripping of stage I0>> reset 128 0E21 Starting of stage ∆I> 256 1E22 Starting of stage ∆I> reset 512 0E23 Tripping of stage ∆I> 1024 1E24 Tripping of stage ∆I> reset 2048 0

Default value of event mask V156 1365

32

Code Event No. represent- Defaulting the event value

E25 Output signal SS1 activated 1 0E26 Output signal SS1 reset 2 0E27 Output signal TS1 activated 4 0E28 Output signal TS1 reset 8 0E29 Output signal SS2 activated 16 0E30 Output signal SS2 reset 32 0E31 Output signal TS2 activated 64 1E32 Output signal TS2 reset 128 1

Default value of event mask V157 192

E33 Output signal SS3 activated 1 0E34 Output signal SS3 reset 2 0E35 Output signal TS3 activated 4 1E36 Output signal TS3 reset 8 1E37 Output signal SS4 activated 16 0E38 Output signal SS4 reset 32 0E39 Output signal TS4 activated 64 0E40 Output signal TS4 reset 128 0E41 Circuit breaker failure protection operated 256 0E42 Circuit breaker failure protection reset 512 0

Default value of event mask V158 12

E50 Restart of microprocessor * -E51 Overflow of event register * -E52 Temporary interruption in data communication * -E53 No response from the module over the data

communication * -E54 The module responds again over the data

communication * -

Explanations:0 not included in event reporting1 included in event reporting* no code number- cannot be programmed

Note.The event represented by the codes E52...E54are generated by a higher-level control datacommunicator, for example type SRIO 1000M.

33

Remote transfer data In addition to the event data all input data (Idata), setting values (S values), recorded infor-mation (V data) and certain other data of theovercurrent module can be read via the SPA bus.Parameters marked with a W letter can bealtered via the SPA bus.

When setting values are altered via the MMI onthe front panel or via the serial bus, the modulechecks that the entered parameter values arewithin the permitted setting range. The relaymodule refuses to accept a too high or a too lowsetting value, but keeps the old setting valueunchanged.

Altering parameter values via the serial bususually requires the use of a password. Thepassword is a number within the range 1…999.The default password is 1.

The password is opened by writing the passwordnumber to parameter V160 and closed by writ-ing the password number to parameter V161.

The password is also closed on loss of auxiliarysupply to the relay module.

The password can be changed via the serial busor via the MMI of the module. When thepassword is to be changed via the serial bus, thepassword must be opened first. The new pass-word is written to parameter V161. The changeof the password via the MMI of the module iscarried out in register A, subregister 3, in whichcase the new password is written over the oldone.

If an incorrect password is given seven times ina row via the serial bus, the password is auto-matically set to zero and after this it cannot beopened via the serial bus. Now the password canbe opened only via the MMI of the module.

R = readable dataW = writable data(P) = writing enabled with password

The measured currents and the status of theexternal control signals can be read (R) withparameters I1…I8.

When the value of parameters I6…I8 is 1, thecorresponding control inputs are energized.

Information Parameter Value

Current measured on phase L1 I1 0...63 x InCurrent measured on phase L2 I2 0...63 x InCurrent measured on phase L3 I3 0...63 x InResidual current measured I4 0...21 x InMaximum phase current difference I5 10...100%Control signal BS1 I6 0 or 1Control signal BS2 I7 0 or 1Control signal RRES (BS3) I8 0 or 1

Inputs

34

Outputs The state information indicates the state of asignal at a certain moment. The recorded func-tions indicate such activations of signals, thathappen after the last reset of the registers of the

module. When the value = 0, the signal has notbeen activated and when the value = 1, the signalhas been activated.

Output stages

States of the protection stages State of stage Recorded Value(R) functions (R)

Starting of stage I> O1 O21 0 or 1Tripping of stage I> O2 O22 0 or 1Starting of stage I>> O3 O23 0 or 1Tripping of stage I>> O4 O24 0 or 1Starting of stage I>>> O5 O25 0 or 1Tripping of stage I>>> O6 O26 0 or 1Starting of stage I0> O7 O27 0 or 1Tripping of stage I0> O8 O28 0 or 1Starting of stage I0>> O9 O29 0 or 1Tripping of stage I0>> O10 O30 0 or 1Tripping of stage ∆I> O11 O31 0 or 1

Output signals

Operation of output signals State of output Recorded Value (R, W, P) functions (R)

Output signal SS1 O12 O32 0 or 1Output signal TS1 O13 O33 0 or 1Output signal SS2 O14 O34 0 or 1Output signal TS2 O15 O35 0 or 1Output signal SS3 O16 O36 0 or 1Output signal TS3 O17 O37 0 or 1Output signal SS4 O18 O38 0 or 1Output signal TS4 O19 O39 0 or 1

Enable of output O41 0 or 1signals SS1…TS4

35

Setting values Variable Used Main Second Setting rangesettings setting setting

(R) (R, W, P) (R, W, P)

Start current of stage I> S1 S41 S81 0.5…5.0 x InOperate time or S2 S42 S82 0.05…300 stime multiplier k of stage I> 0.05…1.0Start current of stage I>> S3 *) S43 S83 0.5…40 x InOperate time of stage I>> S4 S44 S84 0.04…300 sStart current of stage I>>> S5 *) S45 S85 0.5…40 x InOperate time of stage I>>> S6 S46 S86 0.04…30 sStart current of stage I0> S7 S47 S87 0.1…0.8 x InOperate time or S8 S48 S88 0.05…300 stime multiplier k of stage I0> 0.05…1.0Start current of stage I0>> S9 *) S49 S89 0.1…10 x InOperate time of stage I0>> S10 S50 S90 0.05…300 sStart value of stage ∆I> S11 *) S51 S91 10…100%Operate time of stage ∆I> S12 S52 S92 1…300 s

Checksum, SGF 1 S13 S53 S93 0…255Checksum, SGF 2 S14 S54 S94 0…255Checksum, SGF 3 S15 S55 S95 0…255Checksum, SGF 4 S16 S56 S96 0…255Checksum, SGF 5 S17 S57 S97 0…255Checksum, SGF 6 S18 S58 S98 0…255Checksum, SGF 7 S19 S59 S99 0…255Checksum, SGF 8 S20 S60 S100 0…255

Checksum, SGB 1 S21 S61 S101 0…255Checksum, SGB 2 S22 S62 S102 0…255Checksum, SGB 3 S23 S63 S103 0…255

Checksum, SGR 1 S24 S64 S104 0…255Checksum, SGR 2 S25 S65 S105 0…255Checksum, SGR 3 S26 S66 S106 0…255Checksum, SGR 4 S27 S67 S107 0…255Checksum, SGR 5 S28 S68 S108 0…255Checksum, SGR 6 S29 S69 S109 0…255Checksum, SGR 7 S30 S70 S110 0…255Checksum, SGR 8 S31 S71 S111 0…255Checksum, SGR 9 S32 S72 S112 0…255Checksum, SGR 10 S33 S73 S113 0…255Checksum, SGR 11 S34 S74 S114 0…255

Operate time of the circuit - S121 S121 0.1…1.0 sbreaker failure protection

*) If the protection stage has been set out of function, the display shows 999 for the currentlyused value.

36

Measured andrecorded parametervalues

Measured value Para- Data Valuemeter direction

Last 15 min maximum demand current V1 R 0…2.5 x InNumber of starts of stage I> V2 R 0…255Number of starts of stage I>> V3 R 0…255Number of starts of stage I0> V4 R 0…255Number of starts of stage I0>> V5 R 0…255Number of starts of stage ∆I> V6 R 0…255Stage/phase that caused operation V7 R 1 = IL3>, 2 = IL2>,

4 = IL1>, 8 = I0>,16 = IL3>>, 32 = IL2>>,64 = IL1>>, 128 = I0>>

Stage/phase that caused operation V8 R 1 = IL3>>>, 2 = IL2>>>, 4 = IL1>>>

Operation indication code on the display V9 R 0…12Maximum 15 min demand current V10 R 0…2.55 x In

The last five recorded values can be read (R)with parameters V11…V59. Event n denotes

the youngest recorded value and n-1 the nextyoungest and so forth.

Registered value Event Measuringn n-1 n-2 n-3 n-4 range

Phase current IL1 V11 V21 V31 V41 V51 0…63 x In(register 1)Phase current IL2 V12 V22 V32 V42 V52 0…63 x In(register 2)Phase current IL3 V13 V23 V33 V43 V53 0…63 x In(register 3)Earth-fault current I0 V14 V24 V34 V44 V54 0…21 x In(register 6)Difference current ∆I V15 V25 V35 V45 V55 0…100%(register 9)Start duration, stage I> V16 V26 V36 V46 V56 0…100%(register 4)Start duration, stage I>> V17 V27 V37 V47 V57 0…100%(register 5)Start duration, stage I0> V18 V28 V38 V48 V58 0…100%(register 7)Start duration, stage I0>> V19 V29 V39 V49 V59 0…100%(register 8)

37

Control parameters Information Para- Data Valuemeter direction

Resetting of operation indicators and V101 W 1 = reset perfomedlatched output relayResetting of indicators and latchedoutput relay and clearing of registers V102 W 1 = reset perfomedRemote control of setting V150 R,W 0 = main settings enforced

1 = second settingsenforced

Overcurrent even mask V155 R,W 0...4096, see section"Event codes"

Residual/unbalance current event mask V156 R,W 0...4096, see section"Event codes"

Output signal event mask V157 R,W 0...255, see section"Event codes"

Output signal event mask V158 R,W 0...1023, see section"Event codes"

Opening of password for remote setting V160 W 1...999Changing and closing of password for V161 W, P 0...999remote settingActivation of self-supervision system V165 W 1 = self-supervision

system activatedand IRF LED lit

Formatting of EEPROM V167 W, P 2 = formattingFault code V169 R 0…255Data communication address of V200 R,W 1...254relay moduleData transfer rate V201 R,W 4800 or 9600 Bd (R)

4.8 or 9.6 kBd (W)Program version V205 R 116 _Reading of event register L R Time, channel number

and event codeRereading of event register B R Time, channel number

and event codeType designation of relay module F R SPCJ 4D28Reading of module state data C R 0 = normal state

1 = module been subjectto automatic reset

2 = event register overflow3 = events 1 and 2 together

Resetting of module state data C W 0 = resettingTime reading and setting T R,W 00.000...59.999 s

The maximum capacity of the event register is65 events. The content of the register can beread by the L command, 5 events at a time, onlyonce. Should a fault occur, say, in the datacommunication, the B command can be used tore-read the contents of the register. Whenrequired, the B command can be repeated. In

general, the control data communicator readsthe event data and forwards the information toan output device. Under normal conditions theevent register of the relay module is empty. Thecontrol data communicator also resets abnor-mal status data, so this data is normally zero.

38

Fault codes Once the self-supervision system has detectedan internal relay fault, the IRF indicator on thefront panel of the relay module is lit. At the sametime the self-supervision alarm relay that isnormally picked up, drops off. In most situa-tions a fault code appears on the display of therelay module. This fault code consists of a red

number one (1) and a green code number thatidentifies the fault type. The fault codes shouldbe recorded and stated when service is ordered.

The table below lists some of the fault codes ofthe combined overcurrent and earth-fault relaymodule SPCJ 4D28.

Fault code Type of fault

4 Relay control circuit faulty or missing30 Read Only Memory (ROM) faulty50 Random Access Memory (RAM) faulty51 Parameter memory (EEPROM) faulty, block 152 Parameter memory (EEPROM) faulty, block 253 Parameter memory (EEPROM) faulty, blocks 1 and 254 Parameter memory (EEPROM) faulty, blocks 1 and 2 have different checksums56 Parameter memory (EEPROM) key faulty. Formatting by writing V167 = 2

195 Too low a value on the reference channel with multiplier 1131 Too low a value on the reference channel with multiplier 5

67 Too low a value on the reference channel with multiplier 25203 Too high a value on the reference channel with multiplier 1139 Too high a value on the reference channel with multiplier 5

75 Too high a value on the reference channel with multiplier 25252 Filter of I0 channel faulty253 No interruption from the A/D converter

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D29

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESETSTEP

L1 L2 L3 o IRF

3 >I

IIII

> nI I/

ks>t [ ]

n>>I I/

s>>[ ]t

so >ko

[ ]t

no>I I/

s>>ot [ ]

n>>o I/I

879B

IRelay symbol

Self-supervision alarm indicator(Internal Relay Fault)

Display, 1 + 3 digits

Reset / Step push-button

Programming push-button

Trip indicator

Module type designation

Fastening screw

Indicators for measuredquantities

Indicators for settingparameters

Indicators for switchgroupsSGF, SGB and SGR

Fastening screw

General characteristics ofD-type relay modules

User´s manual and Technical description

2

General characteristicsof D type relay modules

Contents Front panel lay-out ......................................................................................................... 1Control push buttons ..................................................................................................... 3Display ........................................................................................................................... 3

Display main menu ................................................................................................... 3Display submenus ..................................................................................................... 3

Selector switchgroups SGF, SGB, SGR .......................................................................... 4Settings ........................................................................................................................... 4

Setting mode ............................................................................................................. 4Example 1: Setting of relay operation values .............................................................. 7Example 2: Setting of relay switchgroups................................................................... 9

Recorded information ................................................................................................... 11Trip test function ......................................................................................................... 12

Example 3: Forced activation of outputs ................................................................. 13Operation indicators ..................................................................................................... 15Fault codes .................................................................................................................... 15

1MRS 750066-MUM EN

Issued 95-04-12Version A (replaces 34 SPC 3 EN1)Checked JHApproved TK

Data subject to change without notice

3

Controlpush-buttons

The front panel of the relay module containstwo push buttons. The RESET / STEP pushbutton is used for resetting operation indicatorsand for stepping forward or backward in thedisplay main menu or submenus. The PRO-GRAM push button is used for moving from a

certain position in the main menu to the corre-sponding submenu, for entering the settingmode of a certain parameter and together withthe STEP push button for storing the set values.The different operations are described in thesubsequent paragraphs in this manual.

Display The measured and set values and the recordeddata are shown on the display of the protectionrelay module. The display consists of four digits.The three green digits to the right show themeasured, set or recorded value and the leftmostred digit shows the code number of the register.The measured or set value displayed is indicatedby the adjacent yellow LED indicator on thefront panel. When a recorded fault value is beingdisplayed the red digit shows the number of thecorresponding register. When the display func-tions as an operation indicator the red digitalone is shown.

When the auxiliary voltage of a protection relaymodule is switched on the module initially teststhe display by stepping through all the segmentsof the display for about 15 seconds. At first thecorresponding segments of all digits are lit oneby one clockwise, including the decimal points.Then the center segment of each digit is lit oneby one. The complete sequence is carried outtwice. When the test is finished the display turnsdark. The testing can be interrupted by pressingthe STEP push button. The protection func-tions of the relay module are alerted throughoutthe testing.

Display main menu Any data required during normal operation areaccessible in the main menu i.e. present meas-ured values, present setting values and recordedparameter values.

The data to be shown in the main menu aresequentially called up for display by means ofthe STEP push button. When the STEP pushbutton is pressed for about one second, thedisplay moves forward in the display sequence.When the push button is pressed for about 0.5seconds, the display moves backward in thedisplay sequence.

From a dark display only forward movement ispossible. When the STEP push button is pushedconstantly, the display continuously moves for-ward stopping for a while in the dark position.

Unless the display is switched off by stepping tothe dark point, it remains lit for about 5 minutesfrom the moment the STEP push button waslast pushed. After the 5 minutes' time-out thedispaly is switched off.

Display submenus Less important values and values not very oftenset are displayed in the submenus. The numberof submenus varies with different relay moduletypes. The submenus are presented in the de-scription of the concerned protection relaymodule.

A submenu is entered from the main menu bypressing the PROGRAM push button for aboutone second. When the push button is released,the red digit of the display starts flashing, indi-cating that a submenu has been entered. Goingfrom one submenu to another or back to themain menu follows the same principle as whenmoving from the main menu display to another;

the display moves forward when the STEP pushbutton is pushed for one second and backwardwhen it is pushed for 0.5 seconds. The mainmenu has been re-entered when the red displayturns dark.

When a submenu is entered from a main menuof a measured or set value indicated by a LEDindicator, the indicator remains lit and the ad-dress window of the display starts flashing. Asubmenu position is indicated by a flashing redaddress number alone on the dispaly withoutany lit set value LED indicator on the frontpanel.

4

Selector switch-groups SGF, SGBand SGR

Part of the settings and the selections of theoperation characteristic of the relay modules invarious applications are made with the selectorswitchgroups SG_ . The switchgroups are soft-ware based and thus not physically to be foundin the hardware of the relay module. The indi-cator of the switchgroup is lit when the checksumof the switchgroup is shown on the display.Starting from the displayed checksum and byentering the setting mode, the switches can beset one by one as if they were real physicalswitches. At the end of the setting procedure, achecksum for the whole switchgroup is shown.The checksum can be used for verifying that theswitches have been properly set. Fig. 2 shows anexample of a manual checksum calculation.

When the checksum calculated according to theexample equals the checksum indicated on thedisplay of the relay module, the switches in theconcerned switchgroup are properly set.

Switch No Pos. Weigth Value

1 1 x 1 = 12 0 x 2 = 03 1 x 4 = 44 1 x 8 = 85 1 x 16 = 166 0 x 32 = 07 1 x 64 = 648 0 x 128 = 0

Checksum ∑ = 93

Fig. 2. Example of calculating the checksum ofa selector switchgroup SG_.

The functions of the selector switches of thedifferent protection relay modules are describedin detail in the manuals of the different relaymodules.

Settings Most of the start values and operate times are setby means of the display and the push buttons onthe front panel of the relay modules. Eachsetting has its related indicator which is lit whenthe concerned setting value is shown on thedisplay.

In addition to the main stack of setting valuesmost D type relay modules allow a second stackof settings. Switching between the main settings

and the second settings can be done in threedifferent ways:

1) By command V150 over the serial communi-cation bus

2) By an external control signal BS1, BS2 orRRES (BS3)

3) Via the push-buttons of the relay module, seesubmenu 4 of register A.

Setting mode Generally, when a large number of settings is tobe altered, e.g. during commissioning of relaysystems, it is recommended that the relay set-tings are entered with the keyboard of apersonal computer provided with the necessarysoftware. When no computer nor software isavailable or when only a few setting values needto be altered the procedure described below isused.

The registers of the main menu and the submenuscontain all parameters that can be set. Thesettings are made in the so called setting mode,which is accessible from the main menu or asubmenu by pressing the PROGRAM pushbutton, until the whole display starts flashing.This position indicates the value of the param-eter before it has been altered. By pressing thePROGRAM push button the programming se-quence moves forward one step. First therightmost digit starts flashing while the rest ofthe display is steady. The flashing digit is set bymeans of the STEP push button. The flashing

cursor is moved on from digit to digit by press-ing the PROGRAM push button and in eachstop the setting is performed with the STEPpush button. After the parameter values havebeen set, the decimal point is put in place. At theend the position with the whole display flashingis reached again and the data is ready to bestored.

A set value is recorded in the memory by press-ing the push buttons STEP and PROGRAMsimultaneously. Until the new value has beenrecorded a return from the setting mode willhave no effect on the setting and the formervalue will still be valid. Furthermore any attemptto make a setting outside the permitted limits for aparticular parameter will cause the new value to bedisqualified and the former value will be main-tained. Return from the setting mode to themain menu or a submenu is possible by pressingthe PROGRAM push button until the greendigits on the display stop flashing.

5

NOTE! During any local man-machine com-munication over the push buttons and the dis-play on the front panel a five minute time-outfunction is active. Thus, if no push button hasbeen pressed during the last five minutes, therelay returns to its normal state automatically.This means that the display turns dark, the relayescapes from a display mode, a programmingroutine or any routine going on, when the relayis left untouched. This is a convenient way outof any situation when the user does not knowwhat to do.

Before a relay module is inserted into the relaycase, one must assure that the module has beengiven the correct settings. If there however is

any doubt about the settings of the module to beinserted, the setting values should be read usinga spare relay unit or with the relay trip circuitsdisconnected. If this cannot be done the relaycan be sett into a non-tripping mode by pressingthe PROGRAM push button and powering upthe relay module simultaneously. The displaywill show three dashes "- - -" to indicate the non-tripping mode. The serial communication isoperative and all main and submenues are acces-sible. In the non-tripping mode unnecessarytrippings are avoided and the settings can bechecked. The normal protection relay mode isentered automatically after a timeout of fiveminutes or ten seconds after the dark displayposition of the main menu has been entered.

Normal status, display off

First measuring value

Last measuring value

Memorized values etc.

Actual setting value 1

SUBMENUMAIN MENU SETTING MODE

Second setting value for stage 12

1 Main setting value for stage 1

1 0 0 0

INCREASE VALUESTEP 0,5 s

MOVE FIGURE OR DECIMAL POINT CURSOR WITH BUTTON PROGRAM 1 s

STORE NEW SETTING BY PRESSING STEP AND PROGRAM SIMULTANEOUSLY WHEN THE VALUE IS READY AND THE WHOLE DISPLAY IS BLINKING

Actual setting value 2

FWD.STEP 1 s

REV. STEP 0,5 s

FWD.STEP 1 s

REV. STEP 0,5 s

NOTE! IN MOST MENU CHARTS THE SUBMENUS HAVE BEEN DRAWN IN A HORIZONTAL DIRECTION IN ORDER TO GET ALL MAIN AND SUBMENU POSITIONS SHOWN IN THE SAME CHART.

STEP 0,5 s PROGRAM 1 s PROGRAM 5 s PROGRAM 5 s

Fig.3. Basic principles of entering the main menus and submenus of a relay module.

6

Normal status, display off

Current on phase L1

Current on phase L2

Current on phase L3

Neutral current Io

Maximum demand currentvalue for 15 minutes4

Second settingvalue for t> or k

Actual operate time t> or multiplier k for stage I>

21

Second settingvalue for I>> Actual start value I>> 21

Second settingvalue for t>>

Actual operate time t>> of stage I>>

21

Second setting value for Io>

Actual start value Io> 21

Second settingvalue for to> or ko

Actual operate time to>or multiplier ko

21

Second setting value for Io>> Actual start value Io>> 21

Second setting value for to>>

Actual operate time to>> 21

Main setting of SGF1 checksum

Actual setting of functionalswitchgroup SGF1

21

Actual setting of blockingswitchgroup SGB

1 Main setting of SGB checksum

Actual setting of relayswitchgroup SGR1

1 Main setting of SGR1 checksum

2

Event (n-1) value of phase L1

Event (n-2) value of phase L1

Latest memorized, event (n)value of phase L11 1 2

Event (n-1) value of phase L2

Event (n-2) value of phase L2

Latest memorized, event (n) value of phase L22 1 2

Event (n-1) value of phase L3

Event (n-2) value of phase L3

Latest memorized, event (n)value of phase L33 1 2

Main settingvalue for t> or k

Main settingvalue for I>>

Main settingvalue for t>>

Main setting value for Io>

Main settingvalue for to> or ko

Main setting value for Io>>

Main setting value for to>>

Second setting of SGB checksum

2

Second setting value for I>

21 Main setting value for I> Actual start value I>

SUBMENUSFWD. STEP 1 sREV. STEP 0.5 s

MA IN

MENU

REV.

STEP

.5s

FWD.

STEP

1s

MAIN MENU SUBMENUS

STEP 0.5 s PROGRAM 1 s

Highest maximum demand value found

1

Main setting of SGF2 checksum

Main setting of SGR2 checksum

Fig. 4.Example of part of the main and submenus for the settings of the overcurrent and earth-faultrelay module SPCJ 4D29. The settings currently in use are in the main manu and they are displayedby pressing the STEP push button. The main menu also includes the measured current values, theregisters 1...9, 0 and A. The main and second setting values are located in the submenus and arecalled up on the display with the PROGRAM push button.

7

Example 1 Operation in the setting mode. Manual settingof the main setting of the start current value I>of an overcurrent relay module. The initial value

a)Press push button STEP repeatedly until theLED close to the I> symbol is lit and the currentstart value appears on the display.

b)Enter the submenu to get the main setting valueby pressing the PROGRAM push button morethan one second and then releasing it. The reddisplay digit now shows a flashing number 1,indicating the first submenu position and thegreen digits show the set value.

c)Enter the setting mode by pressing the PRO-GRAM push button for five seconds until thedisplay starts flashing.

d)Press the PROGRAM push button once againfor one second to get the rightmost digit flash-ing.

e)Now the flashing digit can be altered. Use theSTEP push button to set the digit to the desiredvalue.

f)Press the PROGRAM push button to make themiddle one of the green digits flash.

g)Set the middle digit with of the STEP pushbutton.

h)Press the PROGRAM push button to make theleftmost green digit flash.

for the main setting is 0.80 x In and for thesecond setting 1.00 x In. The desired main startvalue is 1.05 x In.

5 x 1 s

1 s

5 s

1 s

5 x

1 s

2 x

1 s

0. 8 0

1 0. 8 0

1 0. 8 0

1 0. 8 0

1 0. 8 5

1 0. 8 5

1 0. 0 5

1 0. 0 5

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

RESET STEP

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

8

1 s

0 x

1 s

0 x

1 s

5 s

1 1. 0 5

1 1. 0 5

1 1. 0 5

1 1. 0 5

1 - - -

1 1. 0 5

2 1. 0 0

i)Set the digit with the STEP push button.

j)Press the PROGRAM push button to make thedecimal point flash.

k)If needed, move the decimal point with theSTEP push button.

l)Press the PROGRAM push button to make thewhole display flash. In this position, corre-sponding to position c) above, one can see thenew value before it is recorded. If the valueneeds changing, use the PROGRAM push but-ton to alter the value.

m)When the new value has been corrected, recordit in the memory of the relay module by pressingthe PROGRAM and STEP push buttons simul-taneously. At the moment the information en-ters the memory, the green dashes flash once inthe display, i.e. 1 - - -.

n)Recording of the new value automatically initi-ates a return from the setting mode to thenormal submenu. Without recording one canleave the setting mode any time by pressing thePROGRAM push button for about five sec-onds, until the green display digits stop flashing.

o)If the second setting is to be altered, entersubmenu position 2 of the setting I> by pressingthe STEP push button for approx. one second.The flashing position indicator 1 will then bereplaced by a flashing number 2 which indicatesthat the setting shown on the display is thesecond setting for I>.

Enter the setting mode as in step c) and proceedin the same way. After recording of the re-quested values return to the main menu isobtained by pressing the STEP push button

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

RESET STEP

until the first digit is switched off. The LED stillshows that one is in the I> position and thedisplay shows the new setting value currently inuse by the relay module.

9

Example 2

5 s

1 x

1 s

1 x

1 s

Operation in the setting mode. Manual settingof the main setting of the checksum for theswitchgroup SGF1 of a relay module. The initialvalue for the checksum is 000 and the switches

SGF1/1and SGF1/3 are to be set in position 1.This means that a checksum of 005 should bethe final result.

n x 1 s

1 s

a)Press push button STEP until the LED close tothe SGF symbol is lit and the checksum appearson the display.

b)Enter the submenu to get the main checksum ofSGF1 by pressing the PROGRAM push buttonfor more than one second and then releasing it.The red display now shows a flashing number 1indicating the first submenu position and thegreen digits show the checksum.

c)Enter the setting mode by pressing the PRO-GRAM push button for five seconds until thedisplay starts flashing.

d)Press the PROGRAM push button once againto get the first switch position. The first digit ofthe display now shows the switch number. Theposition of the switch is shown by the rightmostdigit.

e)The switch position can now be toggled be-tween 1 and 0 by means of the STEP pushbutton and it is left in the requested position 1.

f)When switch number 1 is in the requestedposition, switch number 2 is called up by press-ing the PROGRAM push button for one sec-ond. As in step e), the switch position can bealtered by using the STEP push button. As thedesired setting for SGF1/2 is 0 the switch is leftin the 0 position.

g)Switch SGF1/3 is called up as in step f) bypressing the PROGRAM push button for aboutone second.

0 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 1 0

1 1 1

1 2 0

1 3 0

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

10

1 x

n x 1 s

5 s

5 x 1 s

1 0 0 5

1 - - -

1 0 0 5

0 0 5

1 3 1h)The switch position is altered to the desiredposition 1 by pressing the STEP push buttononce.

i)Using the same procedure the switches SGF 1/4...8 are called up and, according to the exam-ple, left in position 0.

j)In the final setting mode position, correspond-ing to step c), the checksum based on the setswitch positions is shown.

k)If the correct checksum has been obtained, it isrecorded in the memory by pressing the pushbuttons PROGRAM and STEP simultaneously.At the moment the information enters thememory, the green dashes flash in the display,i.e.1 - - -. If the checksum is incorrect, thesetting of the separate switches is repeated usingthe PROGRAM and STEP push buttons start-ing from step d).

l)Recording the new value automatically initiatesa return from the setting mode to the normalmenu. Without recording one can leave thesetting mode any time by pressing the PRO-GRAM push button for about five seconds,until the green display digits stop flashing.

m)After recording the desired values return to themain menu is obtained by pressing the STEPpush button until the first digit is turned off.The LED indicator SGF still shows that one isin the SGF position and that the display showsthe new checksum for SGF1 currently in use bythe relay module.

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

RESET STEP

11

Recordedinformation

The parameter values measured at the momentwhen a fault occurs or at the trip instant arerecorded in the registers. The recorded data,except for some parameters, are set to zero bypressing the push buttons STEP and PRO-GRAM simultaneously. The data in normalregisters are erased if the auxiliary voltage supplyto the relay is interrupted, only the set values andcertain other essential parameters are maintainedin non-volatile registers during a voltage failure.

The number of registers varies with differentrelay module types. The functions of the regis-ters are illustrated in the descriptions of thedifferent relay modules. Additionally, the sys-tem front panel of the relay contains a simplifiedlist of the data recorded by the various relaymodules of the protection relay.

All D type relay modules are provided with twogeneral registers: register 0 and register A.

Register 0 contains, in coded form, the informa-tion about e.g. external blocking signals, statusinformation and other signals. The codes areexplained in the manuals of the different relaymodules.

Register A contains the address code of the relaymodul which is reqiured by the serial communi-cation system.

Submenu 1 of register A contains the data trans-fer rate value, expressed in kilobaud, of the serialcommunication.

Submenu 2 of register A contains a bus commu-nication monitor for the SPAbus. If the protec-tion relay, which contains the relay module, islinked to a system including a contol datacommunicatoe, for instance SRIO 1000M andthe data communication system is operating,the counter reading of the monitor will be zero.Otherwise the digits 1...255 are continuouslyscrolling in the monitor.

Submenu 3 contains the password required forchanging the remote settings. The address code,the data transfer rate of the serial communica-tion and the password can be set manually or viathe serial communication bus. For manual set-ting see example 1.

The default value is 001 for the address code, 9.6kilobaud for the data transfer rate and 001 forthe password.

In order to secure the setting values, all settingsare recorded in two separate memory bankswithin the non-volatile memory. Each bank iscomplete with its own checksum test to verifythe condition of the memory contents. If, forsome reason, the contents of one bank isdisturbed, all settings are taken from the otherbank and the contents from here is transferred tothe faulty memory region, all while the relay isin full operation condition. If both memorybanks are simultaneously damaged the relay willbe be set out of operation, and an alarm signalwill be given over the serial port and the IRFoutput relay

12

Trip test function Register 0 also provides access to a trip testfunction, which allows the output signals of therelay module to be activated one by one. If theauxiliary relay module of the protection assem-bly is in place, the auxiliary relays then willoperate one by one during the testing.

When pressing the PROGRAM push buttonfor about five seconds, the green digits to theright start flashing indicating that the relaymodule is in the test position. The indicators ofthe settings indicate by flashing which outputsignal can be activated. The required outputfunction is selected by pressing the PROGRAMpush button for about one second.

The indicators of the setting quantities refer tothe following output signals:

Setting I> Starting of stage I>Setting t> Tripping of stage I>Setting I>> Starting of stage I>>Setting t>> Tripping of stage I>>etc.No indication Self-supervision IRF

The selected starting or tripping is activated bysimultaneous pressing of the push buttonsSTEP and PROGRAM. The signal remainsactivated as long as the two push butttons arepressed. The effect on the output relays dependson the configuration of the output relay matrixswitches.

The self-supervision output is activated by press-ing the STEP push button 1 second when nosetting indicator is flashing. The IRF output isactivated in about 1 second after pressing of theSTEP push button.

The signals are selected in the order illustrated inFig. 4.

REGISTER 0I> START I> TRIP I» START I» TRIP Io> START Io> TRIP Io»START Io» TRIP

PROGRAM 5 s

PROGRAM 1 s

PROGRAM 1 s

PROGRAM 1 s

PROGRAM 1 s

PROGRAM 1 s

PROGRAM 1 s

PROGRAM 1 s

PROGRAM 1 s

STEP &PROGRAM

STEP &PROGRAM

STEP &PROGRAM

STEP &PROGRAM

STEP &PROGRAM

STEP &PROGRAM

STEP &PROGRAM

STEP &PROGRAM

I»t»

I>t>

Io> to>Io»

to»

IRF

STEP

PROGRAM 1 s

Fig. 5.Sequence order for the selection of output signals in the Trip test mode

If, for instance, the indicator of the setting t> isflashing, and the push buttons STEP and PRO-GRAM are being pressed, the trip signal fromthe low-set overcurrent stage is activated. Re-turn to the main menu is possible at any stage ofthe trip test sequence scheme, by pressing thePROGRAM push button for about five sec-onds.

Note!The effect on the output relays then depends onthe configuration of the output relay matrixswitchgroups SGR 1...3.

13

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D29

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESETSTEP

L1 L2 L3 o IRF

3 >I

IIII

> nI I/

ks>t [ ]

n>>I I/

s>>[ ]t

so >ko

[ ]t

no>I I/

s>>ot [ ]

n>>o I/I

879B

I

Example 3

n x 1 s

0 0 0 0

5 s0 0 0 0

Trip test function. Forced activation of theoutputs.

a)Step forward on the display to register 0.

b)Press the PROGRAM push button for aboutfive seconds until the three green digits to theright.

c)Hold down the STEP push button. After onesecond the red IRF indicator is lit and the IRFoutput is activated. When the step push buttonis released the IRF indicator is switched off andthe IRF output resets.

d)Press the PROGRAM push button for onesecond and the indicator of the topmost settingstart flashing.

e)If a start of the first stage is required, now pressthe push-buttons PROGRAM and STEP simul-taneously. The stage output will be activated andthe output relays will operate according to theactual programming of the relay outputswitchgroups SGR.

0 0 0 0

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D29

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESETSTEP

L1 L2 L3 o IRF

3 >I

IIII

> nI I/

ks>t [ ]

n>>I I/

s>>[ ]t

so >ko

[ ]t

no>I I/

s>>ot [ ]

n>>o I/I

879B

I

14

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D29

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESETSTEP

L1 L2 L3 o IRF

3 >I

IIII

> nI I/

ks>t [ ]

n>>I I/

s>>[ ]t

so >ko

[ ]t

no>I I/

s>>ot [ ]

n>>o I/I

879B

I

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D29

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESETSTEP

L1 L2 L3 o IRF

3 >I

IIII

> nI I/

ks>t [ ]

n>>I I/

s>>[ ]t

so >ko

[ ]t

no>I I/

s>>ot [ ]

n>>o I/I

879B

I

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

f)To proceed to the next position press the PRO-GRAM push button for about 1 second untilthe indicator of the second setting starts flash-ing.

g)Press the push buttons PROGRAM and STEPsimultaneously to activate tripping of stage 1(e.g. the I> stage of the overcurrent moduleSPCJ 4D29). The output relays will operateaccording to the actual programming of therelay switchgroups SGR. If the main trip relayis operated the trip indicator of the measuringmodule is lit.

h)The starting and tripping of the remainingstages are activated in the same way as the firststage above. The indicator of the correspondingsetting starts flashing to indicate that the con-cerned stage can be activated by pressing theSTEP and PROGRAM buttons simultaneously.For any forced stage operation, the outputrelays will respond according to the setting ofthe relay output switchgroups SGR. Any timea certain stage is selected that is not wanted tooperate, pressing the PROGRAM button oncemore will pass by this position and move to thenext one without carrying out any operation ofthe selected stage.

It is possible to leave the trip test mode at anystep of the sequence scheme by pressing thePROGRAM push button for about five secondsuntil the three digits to the right stop flashing.

PROGRAM

1 s

RESET STEP

PROGRAM

15

Operationindication

Fault codes

A relay module is provided with a multiple ofseparate operation stages, each with its ownoperation indicator shown on the display and acommon trip indicator on the lower part of thefront plate of the relay module.

The starting of a relay stage is indicated with onenumber which changes to another number whenthe stage operates. The indicator remains glow-ing although the operation stage resets. The

In addition to the protection functions the relaymodule is provided with a self-supervision sys-tem which continuously supervises the functionof the microprocessor, its program executionand the electronics.

Shortly after the self-supervision system detectsa permanent fault in the relay module, the redIRF indicator on the front panel is lit . At thesame time the module puts forward a controlsignal to the output relay of the self-supervisionsystem of the protection relay.

In most fault situations a fault code, indicatingthe nature of the fault, appears on the display of

the module. The fault code, which consists of ared figure "1" and a three digit green codenumber, cannot be removed from the display byresetting. When a fault occurs, the fault codeshould be recorded and stated when service isordered. When in a fault mode, the normalrelay menus are operative, i.e. all setting valuesand measured values can be accessed althoughthe relay operation is inhibited. The serial com-munication is also operative making it possibleto access the relay information also from aremote site. The internal relay fault code shownon the display remains active until the internalfault possibly disappears and can also be re-motely read out as variable V 169.

indicator is reset by means of the RESET pushbutton of the relay module. An unreset opera-tion indicator does not affect the function of theprotection relay module.

In certain cases the function of the operationindicators may deviate from the above princi-ples. This is described in detail in the descrip-tions of the separate modules.

1MR

S 7

5004

3-M

UM

E

N

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