South Coast Air Quality Management District From Lead Battery to Fire Pits California Desert Air Working Group 2013 Conference November 13-14, 2013 Las.

South Coast Air Quality Management DistrictFrom Lead Battery to Fire Pits

California Desert Air Working Group 2013 Conference

November 13-14, 2013Las Vegas, Nevada

Mohsen Nazemi, P.E.Deputy Executive Officer

Engineering & Compliance SCAQMD

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Exide Battery Recycling News Headlines

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Allenco Oil Production News Headlines

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Fire Pits News Headlines

South Coast Air Basin

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• 17 million residents• 10 million passenger cars; 1.5 million medium and heavy-duty • Nation’s largest freight gateway• Projected population growth by 2035: 4 million • Still one of the worst air quality in country

South Coast Air Basin

Key Air Pollutants

• Ozone (“Smog”)– Forms from emissions of nitrogen

oxides and hydrocarbons

• Fine Particulates (PM2.5)– Form from emissions of particulates,

nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides

• Air Toxics (e.g. Diesel Exhaust)– Directly emitted

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Sources of PM2.5*

*2014 emission inventory based on PM2.5 formation potential (incl. precursors)** Includes construction/demolition, farming operations, fires, waste burning/disposal

On-Road Motor Vehicles

28%Off-Road Mobile

Sources19%

Cooking8%

Residential Fuel Combus-

tion7%

Fuel Combus-tion7%

Road Dust6%

Miscellaneous Processes**

6%

Industrial Processes

6%

RECLAIM4%

Solvent Evap-oration

3%Petroleum Production and

Marketing3%

Cleaning, Waste Disposal3%

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Sources of Ozone*

* Year 2023 emissions – Summer Planning Inventory

Stationary Sources9%

Area Sources 24%

Architectural Ctgs/Consumer Products

25%

On-road Vehicles

16%

Off-roadMobile

25%

VOC Emissions: 433 tons/day

Stationary Sources10%

Area Sources

10%On-road

Vehicles 37%

Off-road Mobile

43%

NOx Emissions: 313 tons/day

Ozone and PM2.5Health Consequences

• Premature mortality• Cardiovascular disease• Asthma & other lower respiratory symptoms• Bronchitis• Cancer risks from diesel particulates• Lost work days, school absences, medical costs

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Air Quality Trends - Ozone

Anticipated SCAQMDImplementation Milestones

PollutantFinal NAAQS

Date (or Projection)

DesignationsEffective

Attainment Demonstration

Due

“Black Box” Measures Due Attainment

Date

1-Hr Ozone (1990)

Oct 2006 Dec 2009 Dec 2012 2019 2023

8-hr Ozone(1997)

Oct 2008Dec

2010/2011June

2012/20132020 2024

8-hr Ozone (2008)

Mar 2008 July 2012 Mid 2015/2016 2029 2032

PM2.5 (2012) Dec 2012 Early 2015 Mid 2016 NA2021 (Mod)2025 (Ser)

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Goods movement is a major economic engine, but is also the largest contributor to

regional pollutants and local health impacts

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Alameda Corridor

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Union Pacific ICTF

West Long Beach

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City of Commerce

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Mira Loma

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San BernardinoBNSF Railyard

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Particulate FiltersFrom AQMD Long Beach Monitor

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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

HD Diesel Trucks

Offroad Equipment

Ships & Commercial Boats

RECLAIM

Locomotives

Aircraft

Residential Fuel CombustionHeavy-Duty Gasoline Trucks

Passenger Cars

Med. Duty Gasoline VehiclesLight Duty Trucks & SUVs

Manufacturing & Industrial

Service & Commercial

Other

* Source: Ambient ozone modeling conducted by SCAQMD, 2012; final data

Needed by 2023

Needed by 2032

Two-thirds to three-quarters reduction in NOx needed to attain ozone standards

* Source: Ambient ozone modeling conducted by SCAQMD, 2012; final data

Nitrogen Oxides Emissions in 2023

with Adopted Standards

Additional Needed

Emission Reductions

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+ Draft 2012 AQMP as of May 4, 2012 (preliminary estimates)* Oceangoing vessels = 33.8 tons/day**RECLAIM: 320 largest stationary sources, including all refineries and power plants

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Nitrogen Oxides Emissions in 2023 with Adopted Standards

(tons per day+)

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Projected Warehousing Growth

Year Warehouse Space (Million sq. ft.)

2009 838

2035 1,250

New growth in next 25 years 412

Undeveloped land zoned for warehousing

http://www.scag.ca.gov/goodsmove/documents/Task5_FinalReport_FreightWorks.pdf

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Climate Change/ GHG Emissions

• State Requirements - AB32 Scoping Plan Update– ARB required to update every 5 years

• Federal Requirements – Section 111 GHG Standards– Section 111(b) – EPA Proposed GHG Standards for

new CCGTs– Section 111(d) – Considering GHG Standards for

existing Power Plants (BSER)

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Ozone and GHG Deadlines

200520102015202020252030203520402045205020550

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

TPD NOxMMT CO2e

Year

80ppb Ozone Standard115 tons/ day

75ppb Ozone Standard80 tons/ day

Proposed 2030 GHG Target

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Issues Regarding CAA & Tribal Authority

• CAA Section 301(d) authorizes EPA to treat Indian Tribe as a State for various purposes

• Recent EPA Proposals for “Treatment as a State” and Separate Non-attainment Area– Pechanga Tribe (Near Temacula)– Morongo Tribe (Banning Pass)– EPA Minor NSR Rule for Indian Country (Effective

Sept. 2014)

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IES Tire Pyrolysis in Tribal Land(Under Construction)

Pyrolytic Converter

Thermal Oxidizer

APC System

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Cabazon Air Curtain

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Cabazon Air Curtain

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San Onofre Nuclear Generating Stations (SONGS) Shutdown

• Since Jan. 2012, SCE has shutdown both SONGS Units 2 & 3 due to leaks in radioactive steam tubes

• Total of 2,200 MW lost – Shortfalls in South Orange County & San Diego

• SCE announced permanent shutdown of SONGS on June 7, 2013

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Reliability of Southern California Grid

• Multiple agencies have independent authority/ responsibility– CEC – Power Plant Licensing Authority/ Integrated Energy

Policy Report– CAISO – Grid Reliability/ System Balancing Authority– CPUC – Electricity Reliability/ Procurement Authority– SWRCB – Once Through Cooling Policy

• CPUC Procurement Loading Order1. Energy Efficiency & Demand Response2. Renewable Generation3. Conventional (NG-Fired) Generation

– Track I – Authorized 1,400–1,800 MW in LA Basin & 343 MW in San Diego (2013)

– Track IV – Based on Resource needs authorize additional procurement (2013/2014)

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Task Force Reliability PlanProposed Approach

• Procure/ Develop Preferred Resources: Energy Efficiency, Demand Response, Distributed Generation and Storage (3,250 MW)

• Procure/ Develop Transmission Upgrades

• Procure/ Develop Conventional (NG-Fired) Generation (3,000 MW)

• Establish Contingency Plans (Defer Once Through Cooling and/or Build new Conventional Generation)

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Task Force Preliminary Reliability Plan for LA Basin and San Diego

• “Contingency plans for fast-tracking additional conventional generation may also be considered as a backstop in the event repowering projects do not proceed, preferred resources do not materialize on schedule or in the amounts required for meeting reliability needs, or in the even identified transmission projects are found to be infeasible or unavailable in a timeframe consistent with OTC policy.”

• “These contingency plans could also serve to facilitate a more competitive environment for securing the needed conventional generation at least cost to ratepayers.”

California Public Utilities Commission

California Energy Commission

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AB1318: Assessment of Electrical Grid Reliability Needs and Offset Requirements in the South Coast Air Basin

• “Given the amount of time required to obtain the necessary approvals to build new power plants, and the expectation that new generation will be required at some point past 2022, the Air Resources Board should partner with the SCAQMD to immediately form a Working Group that will identify options and make recommendations at the earliest practicable date to address long term permitting needs.”

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Initial Staff Recommendations on Offsets

• Near Term Approach - Proceed to initiate Rulemaking to allow the use of SCAQMD offsets for:– New Greenfield or additions at existing Conventional

Generation projects– Permit Modernization Projects (Produce/ Deploy/ Fund

Zero or Near Zero Technology)• Long Term Approach – Proceed to address the

overall offset requirements relative to PM10 (Federal Attainment / State Law)

• Seek a narrow Legislative amendment to State Law (SB 288), if needed, to facilitate the rulemaking to implement the recommended Contingency Plans

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Air Quality Improvement Needs

Energy Reliability and Security

Climate Change

Transportation & Land Use

Integrated Solutions