South China Sea South China Sea 24 23 22 21 T19 T16- T17 1 2 4-6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17-18 22 23 24-25 26 27 28 30 31 32-35 36-37 40-41 43-45 42 38-39 29 21 19-20 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 59 55 56 57 58 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70-71 72 73 74 75 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85- 86 87- 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 77 76 53-54 3 98 99- 101 T15 T14 T12 T10- T11 T9 T7 T8 T6 T4-Y5 T2- T3 T1 T22 T21 T20 T13 T18 25-26 27 28 D1 D2 D4 D3 29 30 31 32 33 34- 35 1-3 4 5-6 7 8-14 15-22 23-28 36 37 38-39 40 41 42 A11 A10 A9 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25-26 27 28 30 31 32 33 35-37 38-39 40-41 42-43 34 44 29 A1 A8 43- 46 48 49 47 Chinese-Vietna m esemaritimeboundary Indonesian-Malaysianmaritimeboundary Philippine (Kalayaan) claim Bruneiancontinental shelf claim Chinese claim Chinese claim Chineseclaim Chineseclaim Chineseclaim C h i n e s e c l a i m Chineseclaim * Chineseclaim Chinese claim Chineseclaim 1979Malaysia n - c laim ed co ntin e nt a l s h e l f li m i t Indonesian-Malaysianmaritimeboundary Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Macau Special Administrative Region Thai-Vietnamese maritime boundary Malaysian-Vietnamese Joint Economic Development Zone Malaysian-Thai Joint Development Area 1958 British boundary Chinese-Vietnamese hypothethical equidistant line Indonesia n-Vietnamese maritime boundary 1979 Malaysian-claimed continental shelf limit 1979 Malaysian-claimed continental shelf limit 1979 Mal aysia n-claimed contin ental sh elf limit Vietnamclaims the Paracel and Spratly Islands. However, the extent of their claimhas not been delimited. Malaysian-Vietnamese joint CLCS southern submission Malaysian-Vietnamese joint CLCS southern submission Indonesian-Malaysian maritime boundary Indonesia Malaysia Brunei Vietnam Cambodia Thailand Thai. China Philippines Malaysia Indonesia Indonesia Singapore Laos ( J a p a n ) Taiwan Indonesia Malaysia Brunei Vietnam Cambodia Thailand Thai. China Philippines Malaysia Indonesia Indonesia Singapore Laos ( Japan) Taiwan 112 130 131 132 5-3 5-2 129 113 Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Cancer 10 10 110 110 0 0 Equator Equator 20 20 120 120 Tanjung Binar Tanjung Dondo Tanjung Mangkalihat Tanjung Sambar Tunggilio Dako Tandjung Datu Tanjung Sirik Cape Bojeador Cape Bolinao Cape Buliluyan Cape San Agustin O-luan Pi Tanjung Labian Iligan Point Palanan Point Palimban Point Table Point Tarigit Point Tinaca Point Mao-pi T’ou Mui Ca Mau Mui Nay Mui Ron Leizhou Bandao Bangar Kuala Belait Muara Seria Tutong Stœng Trêng Ampana Ketapang Luwuk Soroako Melak Muaratewe Pangkalanbuun Poso Sambas Sanggau Sintang Sungaipakning Tanjungredep Ban Nape Louang Namtha Muang Pakxan Muang Phôn-Hông Phongsali Thakhèk Nakhon Phanom Mersing Simanggang Bantayan Basco Roxas San Fernando Siasi Taytay Tinambac Virac Son La Kâmpóng Cham Kâmpóng Chhnang Kâmpóng Saôm Kâmpôt Krâchéh Krong Kaôh Kong Pouthisat Sisophon Pingxiang Chang’an Xinjing Bontang Palopo Sampit Tanjungpandan Louangphrabang Pakxe Salavan Savannakhet Xam Nua Kampong Kemaman Kuala Dungun Kudat Kulai Lahad Datu Pekan Port Dickson Sarikei Segamat Semporna Victoria Aparri Balanga Bislig Butuan Calbayog Carcar Daet Digos Dipolog Isabela Laoag Masbate Mati Ormoc Oroquieta Pagadian Pinamalayan Puerto Princesa San Jose Sorsogon Surigao Tabaco Tagbilaran Toledo Tuguegarao City Vigan Lo-tung Chaiyaphum Chanthaburi Narathiwat Sakon Nakhon Surin Cao Bang Chau Doc Dong Hoi Ha Giang Sa Pa Tay Ninh Tuy Hoa Yen Bai Batdâmbâng Beihai Lingcheng Luxu Bobai Bose Changsha Chaozhou Chenzhou Chuxiong Danzhou Daojiang Dongfang Fangcheng Fuqing Ganzhou Gaozhou Xicheng Guigang Guilin Guiping Haicheng Hechi Babu Heyuan Huicheng Jiangmen Jieyang Kaihua Kaiyuan Lecheng Leizhou Lianzhou Longyan Lufeng Zhongshu Maoming Meizhou Pingnan Puning Putian Qingyuan Qinzhou Qionghai Quanzhou Sanya Shanwei Shaoguan Simao Wenchang Wuchuan Wuzhou Licheng Fuxing Xingyi Xinyi Xucheng Yangjiang Yingcheng Yulin Yuxi Sui'an Zhangzhou Zhanjiang Zhaoqing Balikpapan Banjarbaru Banjarmasin Bengkulu Bitung Gorontalo Jambi Kendari Lubuklinggau Manado Palangkaraya Palu Pangkalpinang Parepare Pekanbaru Perabumulih Pontianak Samarinda Singkawang Tanjungpinang Tarakan Ternate Batu Pahat Bintulu Johor Bahru Keluang Kota Baharu Kota Kinabalu Kuala Terengganu Kuantan Kuching Melaka Miri Muar Petaling Jaya Sandakan Seremban Sibu Tawau Angeles Bacolod Baguio Batangos Cabanatuan Cagayan de Oro Calamba Cebu City Cotabato Dagupan Davao Dumaguete General Santos Iligan Iloilo Jolo Legaspi Lipa Lucena Marawi Minglanilla Naga Olongapo Ozamiz City Roxas City San Fernando San Pablo Santa Cruz Tacloban Tagum Tarlac Zamboanga Chia-i Chi-lung- shih Hsin-chu- shih Hua-lien P'ing- tung T'ai-nan T'ai- tung T'ao-yüan Khon Kean Nakhon Ratchasima Rayong Ubon Ratchathani Udon Thani Bac Lieu Buon Ma Thuot Ca Mau Cam Pha Cam Ranh Can Tho Da Lat Da Nang Ha Long Haiphong Hue Long Xuyen My Tho Nam Dinh Nha Trang Phan Rang- Thap Cham Phan Thiet Pleiku Quy Nhon Rach Gia Soc Trang Thai Nguyen Thanh Hoa Thu Dau Mot Vinh Vung Tau Dongguan Foshan Guangzhou Haikou Huizhou Kunming Liuzhou Nanning Shantou Shenzhen Shiqi Xiamen Zhuhai Palembang Quezon City Kao-hsiung T'ai- chung-shih Taipei Ho Chi Minh City BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN PHNOM PENH VIENTIANE KUALA LUMPUR MANILA SINGAPORE HANOI Lumut Tanjong Salirong Basuo Yulin Chaozhou Dongshan Guangdong Terminal Huizhou Nansha Huangpu Huizhou Terminal Liuhua Terminal Lufeng Terminal Macun Munin Panyu 4-2/5-1 Qinglan Qinglanshan Shanwei Shekou Shuidong Weizhou 10-3 Wenchang Xijiang 23-1 Xijiang 30-2 Xiuyu Yangpu Yantian Zhongshan Anoa Terminal Bekapi Terminal Belanak Belida Terminal Bengkalis Buatan Dumai Jabung Terminal Kakap Natuna Marine Terminal Kijang Lalang Terminal Lawe-Lawe Terminal Mangkasa Oil Terminal Namlea Pangkalbalam Pantoloan Pulau Baai Pulau Bunyu Pulau Sambu Sangatta Terminal Santan Terminal Selat Panjang Senipah Terminal Tanjung bara Tanjung Pemancingan Tanjung Uban Tiaka Udang Natuna Widuri Marine Terminal Abu Armada Perkasa Bunga Kertis/ Lukut Cendor Terminal Dulang Terminal Angsi Kerteh Terminal Kikeh Terminal Kimanis Sabah Oil and Gas Terminal Tanjung Gelang Kunak Labuan Port Klang Sepangar Bay Terminal Sungai Udang Tanjung Langsat Tanjung Pelepas Atimonan Bais Claveria Currimao Alfonso Palencia/ Guimaras Isabel Rafael Ramos/ Mactan Jose Pangbaniban Limay Leovigildo Gantioqui/ San Miguel Heracleo Alano/ Cavite Jose Francisco/ Bonifacio Malampaya Terminal Mariveles Masao Masinloc Nasipit Pagbilao Polloc Margosatubio Felix Apolinario/ Davao Romulo M. Espaldon/ Zamboanga Port Irene Camilo Osias/ San Vicente Pulupandan Carlito Cunanan/ Ulugan Apolinario Jalandoon/ Puerto Princesa Narciso Del Rosario/Balabac Juan Magluyan/ Batu-Batu San Carlos Santa Cruz Ernesto R.Ogbinar/ Poro Point Subic Bay Tandoc Julhasan A. Arasain/ Legazpi Dioscoro Papa/ Tacloban Anping Keelung Suao Makung Mai-Liao Sha Lung Taichung Ta-Lin-Pu Yun-an Tsoying Benchamas Terminal Bongkot Terminal Erawan Terminal Jasmine Venture Terminal Platong Terminal Sriracha Habour Tantawan Terminal Ba Ngoi Ba Vi Terminal Chan May Chi Lang Terminal Chi Linh Terminal Dai Hung Dam Mon Doan Xa Dong Nai Dung Quat Rong Doi (MV 12) Hon Gai Hon Khoi Long An My Thoi Nghe Tinh Phu My Rang Dong 1 Ruby Song Doc Su Tu Den Terminal Su Tu Vang Te Giac Trang Van Phong Bay Vietsovpetro Terminal Vinashin Vung Ang Vung Ro P h i l i p p i n e Tr e n c h N a n s e i - s h o t o Tr e n c h P a l a w a n T r o u g h Banda Sea Ceram Sea Strait of Malacca Gulf of Thailand Sulu Sea Celebes Sea Molucca Sea Teluk Tomini Makassar Strait Indian Ocean South China Sea Philippine Sea Java Sea Gulf of Tonkin Taiwan Strait Teluk Bone Teluk Sukadana Teluk Lahad Datu Babuyan Channel Balabac Strait Balintang Channel Bashi Channel Bohol Sea Lamon Bay Leyte Gulf Davao Gulf Lagonoy Gulf Ragay Gulf Panay Gulf Lingayen Gulf Luzon Strait Manila Bay Mindoro Strait Moro Gulf Sibuyan Sea Visayan Sea Samar Sea M ouths of the M ekong Tonle Sap M e k o n g M ekong M eko n g Mekong S elat B e r h a l a Singap o re S t r a i t Selat Seras a n Iligan Bay Sibuguey Bay Illana Bay Teluk Labuk H a i n a n S tr a it Alice Channel Sel at Kari mata Lam Nam Chi Red Batang R ajang Sungai Kapuas Sungai Barito Sungai S a m p it Sungai Mahakam Sungai Kayan Air M u si B a ta n g H a ri B la c k Z uo Jian g You J ia n g R o n g Jiang YuJian g Jiang Liu H o n g sh ui H e Xi Jiang X u n J i a n g Q ian Jia n g Bei Jiang S o n g M a M a e N a m M u n MaeNamPaSak TablasStrait CuyoWest Pass Tapaan P a ss a g e SibutuPassage CuyoEast Pass Selat Gelasa Pahang Sungai T ônlé K on g T ô nlé S a n T ônlé S a b T ô n lé S rê p ôk Song Ky Cung Dong Jiang Cagayan Song Bang Giang N anpan Jiang N anpan Jia n g HanJiang TaoJiang Xiao S h ui L in a pacanStrait SABAH SARAWAK K A L I M A T A N Kaoh Kong Kaoh Pring Kaoh Rung Kaoh Rung Samlœm Kaoh Tang Donghai Dao Naozhou Dao Hailing Dao Hainan Dao Shangchuan Dao Weizhou Dao Bangka Belitung Borneo Sumatra Sulawesi (Celebes) KEPULAUAN ANAMBAS KEPULAUAN BANGGAI KEPULAUAN BAWOKA KEPULAUAN LINGGA KEPULAUAN TUJUH KEPULAUAN BADAS KEPULAUAN NATUNA SELATAN KEPULAUAN RIAU KEPULAUAN TAMBELAN KEPULAUAN TOGIAN KEPULAUAN BALABALAGAN Panebangan Pulau Pengiki Besar Pulau Lemukutan Pulau Murih Pulau Bruit Pulau Pejantan Datu Pulau Airabu Pulau Banggai Pulau Bangkurung Pulau Batam Pulau Mapur Pulau Bintan Pulau Bunyu Pulau Jemaja Pulau Karimata Pulau Laut Pulau Lepar Pulau Liat Pulau Lingga Pulau Matak Pulau Maya Pulau Midai Pulau Natuna Besar Pulau Panjang Pulau Peling Pulau Serasan Pulau Siantan Pulau Singkep Pulau Subi Pulau Laut Pulau Sebuku Pulau Sebatik Pulau Aur Pulau Tinggi Pulau Balambangan Pulau Banggi Pulau Sipadan Pulau Ligitan Pulau Jambongan Pulau Malawali Pulau Mantanani Besar Pulau Mengalum Pulau Pemanggil PULAU PERHENTIAN Pulau Redang Pulau Tenggul Pulau Tiga Pulau Labuan Pulau Tioman Helen Shoal Macclesfield Bank Pratas Island Saint Esprit Shoal Scarborough Reef Babuyan Island BABUYAN ISLANDS Balabac Island Basilan Island BATAN ISLANDS Bohol Burias Island CAGAYAN SULU ISLANDS CALAMIAN GROUP Camiguin Island Catanduanes Island Cebu CUYO ISLANDS Dalapuri Island Dumaran Island Fuga Island Jolo Island Lubang Island LUBANG ISLANDS PARACEL ISLANDS SPRATLY ISLANDS Luzon Marinduque Masbate Island Mindanao Mindoro Negros Palawan Panay PANGUTARAN GROUP POLILLO ISLANDS SAMALES GROUP SIBUTU GROUP Sibuyan Island Tablas Island TAPIANTANA GROUP TAPUL GROUP TURTLE ISLANDS Lan Yü Lü Tao PESCADORES Ko Chang Ko Kut Con Son Cu Lao Cham Cu Lao Coni Cu Lao Ma Nha Cu Lao Poulo Gambir Cu Lao Re Cu Lao Thu Dao Bach Long Vi Dao Con Co Hon Me Dao Phu Quoc Dao Tho Chu Ko Losin Dao Vình Thuc Hon Cha La Hon Chuoi Hon Gio Hon Khoai Hon La Hon Mat Hon Rai Hon Trau Hon Tre QUAN DAO AN THOI QUAN DAO BA LUA QUAN DAO CO TO QUAN DAO LONG CHAU QUAN DAO NAM DU Scawfell Shoal Charlotte Bank Tawi Tawi Island CAGAYAN ISLANDS CALAGUA ISLANDS Busuanga Island Magados Island Guimaras Island Romblon Island Ticao Island Y’Ami Island Batan Island Sabtang Island Calayan Island Itbayat Island Liu-ch’iu Yü Tubbataha Reefs Pulau Maratua S U L U A R C H I P E L AG O Amboyna Cay ARDASIER REEFS Barque Canada Reef Pigeon Reef Commodore Reef Coronation Bank Cuarteron Reef Pearson Reef Swallow Reef Mariveles Reef Fiery Cross Reef Flat Island Gaven Reefs Half Moon Shoal INVESTIGATOR SHOAL Itu Aba Island Johnson Reef South Julia Shoal Loaita Island LONDON REEFS Louisa Reef Royal Charlotte Reef James Shoal Madalene Shoal Comus Shoal Seahorse Breakers Sierra Blanca Richmond Reef Buck Reef Stigant Reef Acis Shoal Mischief Reef Bombay Shoal Namyit Island Nanshan Island NARES BANK NORTH DANGER REEF NORTH LUCONIA SHOALS SOUTH LUCONIA SHOALS Prince Consort Bank Prince of Wales Bank REED TABLEMOUNT RIFLEMAN BANK Sin Cowe Island Discovery Great Reef Spratly Island Subi Reef Thitu Island Woody Island THITU REEFS LOAITA BANK TIZARD BANK UNION REEFS VANGUARD BANK West York Island WINCHESTER SHOALS ELIZABETH SHOALS Haitan Dao KEPULAUAN NANUSA KEPULAUAN SANGIHE KEPULAUAN SULA KEPULAUAN TALAUD Pulau Buru Pulau Buton Halmahera Pulau Karakelong Pulau Miangas Pulau Sanana Pulau Sangihe Besar Pulau Siau Wanua Tagulandang Wanua Biaro Pulau Taliabu Pulau Mangole Pulau Wawonii MIYAKO-RETTO YAEYAMA-RETTO Yonaguni- jima Biliran Island Camiguin Island Dinagat Island Homonhon Island Leyte Samar SARANGANI ISLANDS Siargao Island SIARGAO ISLANDS Siquijor Island Suluan Island Hsi-yü-p’ing Yü Liu-ch’iu Yü Quemoy M O L U C C A S SAKI SHI MA- SHOTO R Y U K Y U I S L A N D S 803425AI (G02257) 1-10 Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative. Names in Vietnam are shown without diacritical marks. 110 110 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 112 112 114 114 116 116 118 118 Malaysia Vietnam Philippines Malaysia Vietnam Philippines Sandakan Kota Kinabalu Cam Ranh Kudat Sulu Sea South China Sea Balabac Strait Teluk Labuk Alexandra Bank Alicia Annie Reef Alison Reef Amboyna Cay AMY DOUGLAS BANK ARDASIER REEFS Baker Reef Shinko Shoal Barque Canada Reef Bombay Castle Bombay Shoal Boxall Reef Pian Jiao Lixin Jiao Brown Reef Buck Reef Aitken Reef Carnatic Shoal Central Reef Collins Reef Commodore Reef Cornwallis South Reef Cornwallis Reef Coronation Bank Cuarteron Reef Dallas Reef Discovery Great Reef Discovery Small Reef East Reef Eldad Reef Erica Reef Fiery Cross Reef First Thomas Shoal Flat Island Friendship Shoal Gaven Reefs Grainger Bank Half Moon Shoal Hardie Reef Hardy Reef Bao Tan Holiday Reef Hopkins Reef Hopps Reef Hoare Reef Deane Reef Dickinson Reef Hampson Reef Petch Reef Investigator Northeast Shoal INVESTIGATOR SHOAL Iroquois Reef Irving Reef Itu Aba Island JACKSON ATOLL Johnson Patch Johnson Reef Julia Shoal Kingston Shoal Ladd Reef Jubilee Seamount Lankiam Cay Leslie Bank Wood Bank Livock Reef Lizzie Webber LOAITA BANK Loaita Island LONDON REEFS Lord Auckland Shoal Louisa Reef Loveless Reef Lys Shoal Maralie Reef Marie Louise Bank Mariveles Reef Menzies Reef Mischief Reef Moody Reef Namyit Island Nanshan Island NARES BANK NORTH DANGER REEF NORTH LUCONIA SHOALS North Reef Northeast Cay Ardasier Breakers Ardasier Reef Fairie Queen Glasgow Bank Director Gloucester Breakers Third Thomas Shoal Orleana Shoal Owen Shoal Pearson Reef Pennsylvania North Reef Pennsylvania South Reef Petley Reef Pigeon Reef Prince Consort Bank Prince of Wales Bank REED TABLEMOUNT RIFLEMAN BANK Royal Charlotte Reef SABINA SHOAL Sand Cay Sandy Cay Sandy Shoal Seahorse Breakers Seahorse Shoal Second Thomas Shoal Sin Cowe Island SPRATLY ISLANDS South Reef Tiezhi Jiao SOUTHAMPTON REEFS SOUTHERN REEFS Southwest Cay Spratly Island Subi Reef Swallow Reef Saracen Bank Templer Bank Thitu Island THITU REEFS TIZARD BANK Trident Shoal Tripp Reef Union Atoll / Sin Cowe East Island UNION REEFS VANGUARD BANK West Reef West York Island Western Reef Whitsun Reef WINCHESTER SHOALS Fancy Wreck Shoal Grierson Reef Lansdowne Reef Xiantou Jiao Erjiao Jiao Langkou Jiao Len Dao Loaita Cay Kennan Reef Royal Captain Shoal Loaita Nan Palawan Pulau Balambangan Pulau Banggi Pulau Jambongan Pulau Malawali Pulau Mantanani Besar Pulau Gaya Pulau Mengalum Pulau Tiga Balabac Island Bugsuk Island Pandanan Island Mantangule Island Bancalan Island Ramos Island Cu LaoThu ÎLES CATWICK Philippine (Kalayaan) claim Bruneian continental shelf claim 1979 Malaysian-claimed continental shelf limit 1979 Malaysian-claimed continental shelf limit 1979 Malaysian-claimed continental shelf limit Chinese claim Chinese claim 1958 British boundary Vietnam claims the Paracel and Spratly Islands. However, the extent of their claimhas not been delimited. Islands, reefs, and shoals that have portions above water at high tide are labeled in dark green. 4,000 meters 200 meters 1000 meters 2000 meters Water Depth China Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Vietnam Paracel and Spratly Islands Occupation Status 0 20 40 60 80 100 Kilometers 0 20 40 60 80 100 Nautical Miles 0 20 40 60 80 100 Statute Miles Scale 1: 2,700,000 803426AI (G02284) 1-10 Spratly Islands 0 20 40 Kilometers 0 20 40 Nautical Miles Scale 1:2,500,000 AMPHITRITE GROUP Woody Island Pyramid Rock Lincoln Island Passu Keah Triton Island Duncan Island Money Island Robert Island Pattle Island Quanfu Dao Yagong Dao Shi Yu Xianshe Yu Drummond Island Rocky Island Tree Island North Island South Island South Sand Middle Sand North Sand Middle Island West Sand CRESCENT GROUP Discovery Reef Antelope Reef North Reef Vuladdore Reef Bremen Bank Iltis Bank Observation Bank Dido Bank Herald Bank Bombay Reef JEHANGIRE REEFS NEPTUNA BANKS South China Sea 112°00’ 113°00’ 111°00’ 111°00’ 16°00’ 16°00’ 16°30’ 16°30’ 17°00’ 17°00’ 112°00’ 803427AI (G02457) 1-10 Paracel Islands Claimed Straight Baselines Claimed Archipelagic Straight Baselines 1 01° 14' 27" N 104° 34' 32" E 2 01° 02' 52" N 104° 49' 50" E 3 02° 18' 00" N 105° 35' 47" E 4 02° 44' 29" N 105° 22' 46" E 5 03° 05' 32" N 105° 35' 00" E 6 03° 19' 52" N 105° 57' 04" E 7 03° 27' 04" N 106° 16' 08" E 8 04° 04' 01" N 107° 26' 09" E 9 04° 31' 09" N 107° 43' 17" E 10 04° 42' 25" N 107° 54' 20" E 11 04° 47' 38" N 108° 00' 39" E 12 04° 47' 45" N 108° 01' 19" E 13 04° 00' 48" N 108° 25' 04" E 14 03° 01' 51" N 108° 54' 52" E 15 02° 38' 43" N 109° 10' 04" E 16 02° 05' 10" N 109° 38' 43" E 17 04° 10' 00" N 118° 53' 50" E 18 04° 08' 03" N 118° 53' 01" E 19 04° 06' 12" N 118° 38' 02" E 20 03° 27' 57" N 117° 52' 41" E 21 02° 15' 12" N 118° 38' 41" E 22 01° 46' 53" N 119° 02' 26" E 23 00° 59' 55" N 120° 12' 50" E 24 01° 20' 16" N 120° 47' 31" E 25 01° 22' 40" N 120° 53' 04" E 26 01° 22' 41" N 120° 53' 07" E 27 01° 18' 48" N 121° 26' 36" E 28 01° 08' 17" N 122° 25' 47" E 29 01° 02' 52" N 123° 06' 45" E 30 01° 09' 29" N 124° 20' 38" E 31 01° 45' 47" N 124° 43' 51" E 32 02° 44' 15" N 125° 09' 28" E 33 04° 14' 06" N 125° 18' 59" E 34 04° 40' 16" N 125° 25' 41" E 35 04° 44' 14" N 125° 28' 42" E 36 04° 44' 25" N 125° 28' 56" E 37 04° 44' 46" N 125° 29' 24" E 38 05° 34' 02" N 126° 34' 54" E 39 05° 33' 57" N 126° 35' 29" E 40 04° 46' 18" N 127° 08' 32" E 41 04° 45' 39" N 127° 08' 44" E 42 04° 38' 38" N 127° 09' 49" E 43 04° 37' 36" N 127° 09' 53" E 44 03° 45' 13" N 126° 51' 06" E 21 25° 25.8' 00" N 119° 56.3' 00" E 22 24° 58.6' 00" N 119° 28.7' 00" E 23 24° 09.7' 00" N 118° 14.2' 00" E 24 23° 31.9' 00" N 117° 41.3' 00" E 25 23° 12.9' 00" N 117° 14.9' 00" E 26 23° 12.3' 00" N 117° 13.9' 00" E 27 22° 56.1' 00" N 116° 29.7' 00" E 28 22° 18.9' 00" N 115° 07.5' 00" E 29 21° 48.5' 00" N 113° 58.0' 00" E 30 21° 34.1' 00" N 112° 47.9' 00" E 31 21° 27.7' 00" N 112° 21.5' 00" E 32 19° 58.5' 00" N 111° 16.4' 00" E 33 19° 53.0' 00" N 111° 12.8' 00" E 34 18° 39.7' 00" N 110° 29.6' 00" E 35 18° 39.4' 00" N 110° 29.1' 00" E 36 18° 26.1' 00" N 110° 08.4' 00" E 37 18° 23.0' 00" N 110° 03.0' 00" E 38 18° 11.0' 00" N 109° 42.1' 00" E 39 18° 11.0' 00" N 109° 41.8' 00" E 40 18° 09.5' 00" N 109° 34.4' 00" E 41 18° 14.6' 00" N 109° 07.6' 00" E 42 18° 19.3' 00" N 108° 57.1' 00" E 43 18° 30.2' 00" N 108° 41.3' 00" E 44 18° 30.4' 00" N 108° 41.1' 00" E 45 18° 31.0' 00" N 108° 40.6' 00" E 46 18° 31.1' 00" N 108° 40.5' 00" E 47 18° 50.5' 00" N 108° 37.3' 00" E 48 19° 11.6' 00" N 108° 36.0' 00" E 49 19° 21.1' 00" N 108° 38.6' 00" E 1 16° 40' 30" N 112° 44' 12" E 2 16° 40' 06" N 112° 44' 30" E 3 16° 39' 48" N 112° 44' 42" E 4 16° 04' 24" N 112° 35' 48" E 5 16° 01' 54" N 112° 32' 42" E 6 16° 01' 30" N 112° 31' 48" E 7 16° 01' 30" N 112° 24' 48" E 8 15° 46' 30" N 111° 12' 36" E 9 15° 46' 24" N 111° 12' 06" E 10 15° 46' 24" N 111° 11' 48" E 11 15° 46' 30" N 111° 11' 36" E 12 15° 46' 42" N 111° 11' 24" E 13 15° 46' 54" N 111° 11' 18" E 14 15° 47' 12" N 111° 11' 24" E 15 17° 04' 54" N 111° 26' 54" E 16 17° 05' 24" N 111° 26' 54" E 17 17° 05' 42" N 111° 27' 12" E 18 17° 06' 00" N 111° 27' 48" E 19 17° 06' 30" N 111° 29' 12" E 20 17° 07' 00" N 111° 31' 00" E 21 17° 07' 06" N 111° 31' 36" E 22 17° 06' 54" N 111° 32' 00" E 23 16° 59' 54" N 112° 14' 42" E 24 16° 59' 42" N 112° 15' 36" E 25 16° 59' 24" N 112° 16' 36" E 26 16° 58' 24" N 112° 18' 18" E 27 16° 57' 36" N 112° 19' 36" E 28 16° 56' 54" N 112° 20' 30" E T1 25° 00.60' 00" N 122° 00.00' 00" E T2 25° 28.80' 00" N 122° 05.80' 00" E T3 25° 29.00' 00" N 122° 05.80' 00" E T4 25° 37.50' 00" N 122° 04.50' 00" E T5 25° 37.80' 00" N 122° 03.90' 00" E T6 25° 17.70' 00" N 121° 30.40' 00" E T7 25° 04.20' 00" N 121° 05.40' 00" E T8 25° 00.55' 00" N 121° 00.65' 00" E T9 23° 47.20' 00" N 119° 32.00' 00" E T10 23° 24.80' 00" N 119° 18.70' 00" E T11 23° 24.00' 00" N 119° 18.20' 00" E T12 23° 19.50' 00" N 119° 18.80' 00" E T13 23° 12.00' 00" N 119° 24.40' 00" E T14 22° 19.10' 00" N 120° 20.90' 00" E T15 21° 45.45' 00" N 120° 48.90' 00" E T16 21° 56.70' 00" N 121° 36.10' 00" E T17 21° 57.00' 00" N 121° 37.10' 00" E T18 22° 41.00' 00" N 121° 31.00' 00" E T19 23° 29.20' 00" N 121° 30.53' 00" E T20 24° 28.70' 00" N 121° 51.10' 00" E T21 24° 35.90' 00" N 121° 53.70' 00" E T22 24° 49.90' 00" N 121° 57.30' 00" E D1 20° 46.16' 00" N 116° 45.45' 00" E D2 20° 44.16' 00" N 116° 42.13' 00" E D3 20° 41.92' 00" N 116° 41.30' 00" E D4 20° 35.78' 00" N 116° 44.80' 00" E A1 09° 15.0' 00" N 103° 27.0' 00" E A2 08° 22.8' 00" N 104° 52.4' 00" E A3 08° 37.8' 00" N 106° 37.5' 00" E A4 08° 38.9' 00" N 106° 40.3' 00" E A5 08° 39.7' 00" N 106° 42.1' 00" E A6 09° 58.0' 00" N 109° 05.0' 00" E A7 12° 39.0' 00" N 109° 28.0' 00" E A8 12° 53.8' 00" N 109° 27.2' 00" E A9 13° 54.0' 00" N 109° 21.0' 00" E A10 15° 23.1' 00" N 109° 09.0' 00" E A11 17° 10.0' 00" N 107° 20.6' 00" E 1 21° 06' 57.73" N 121° 57' 27.71" E 2 19° 57' 38.19" N 122° 09' 46.32" E 3 18° 18' 35.30" N 122° 20' 19.07" E 4 17° 07' 16.30" N 122° 31' 28.34" E 5 17° 06' 14.79" N 122° 31' 43.84" E 6 17° 05' 51.31" N 122° 31' 42.66" E 7 17° 02' 36.91" N 122° 31' 03.28" E 8 16° 53' 18.03" N 122° 27' 56.61" E 9 16° 49' 56.11" N 122° 26' 50.78" E 10 16° 47' 38.86" N 122° 26' 04.40" E 11 16° 18' 44.33" N 122° 14' 16.69" E 12 14° 29' 54.43" N 122° 57' 51.15" E 13 14° 06' 29.91" N 124° 16' 59.21" E 14 14° 06' 10.40" N 124° 17' 26.28" E 15 12° 41' 06.37" N 125° 03' 53.71" E 16 12° 36' 18.41" N 125° 08' 50.19" E 17 12° 32' 33.62" N 125° 12' 59.70" E 18 12° 31' 57.45" N 125° 13' 32.37" E 19 12° 28' 36.42" N 125° 17' 12.32" E 20 12° 27' 37.51" N 125° 18' 05.23" E 21 12° 21' 41.64" N 125° 23' 07.41" E 22 12° 17' 27.17" N 125° 27' 00.12" E 23 12° 13' 21.95" N 125° 30' 19.47" E 24 12° 11' 48.16" N 125° 31' 30.88" E 25 12° 11' 20.67" N 125° 31' 48.29" E 26 12° 06' 07.00" N 125° 34' 11.94" E 27 10° 45' 16.70" N 125° 58' 08.78" E 28 09° 49' 59.58" N 126° 10' 06.39" E 29 08° 53' 16.62" N 126° 20' 48.81" E 30 08° 13' 11.53" N 126° 28' 53.25" E 31 07° 42' 45.02" N 126° 34' 29.03" E 32 07° 29' 49.47" N 126° 35' 59.24" E 33 07° 29' 16.93" N 126° 35' 59.50" E 34 07° 28' 30.97" N 126° 35' 57.30" E 35 07° 27' 29.42" N 126° 35' 51.71" E 36 07° 17' 19.80" N 126° 36' 18.16" E 37 07° 16' 14.43" N 126° 35' 57.20" E 38 06° 17' 14.73" N 126° 12' 14.40" E 39 06° 16' 08.35" N 126° 11' 35.06" E 40 05° 23' 34.20" N 125° 28' 42.11" E 41 05° 23' 21.80" N 125° 28' 19.59" E 42 05° 21' 55.66" N 125° 25' 11.21" E 43 05° 21' 58.48" N 125° 21' 52.03" E 44 05° 22' 02.91" N 125° 20' 59.73" E 45 05° 23' 20.18" N 125° 19' 44.29" E 46 06° 09' 08.44" N 124° 15' 42.81" E 47 06° 26' 47.22" N 122° 13' 34.50" E 48 06° 02' 33.77" N 121° 56' 36.20" E 49 06° 01' 08.15" N 121° 54' 41.45" E 50 06° 00' 17.88" N 121° 53' 11.17" E 51 05° 12' 08.70" N 120° 41' 38.14" E 52 04° 47' 39.24" N 119° 51' 58.08" E 53 04° 24' 53.84" N 119° 14' 50.71" E 54 04° 25' 03.83" N 119° 14' 15.15" E 55 04° 36' 09.01" N 119° 03' 22.75" E 56 04° 42' 52.07" N 119° 01' 44.04" E 57 04° 45' 55.25" N 119° 03' 15.19" E 58 04° 47' 05.36" N 119° 05' 12.94" E 59 04° 55' 10.45" N 119° 22' 01.30" E 60 05° 02' 23.73" N 119° 44' 18.14" E 61 05° 46' 35.15" N 119° 39' 51.77" E 62 06° 05' 58.41" N 118° 26' 57.30" E 63 06° 04' 14.08" N 118° 18' 33.33" E 64 06° 11' 04.65" N 118° 06' 54.15" E 65 06° 13' 39.90" N 118° 03' 52.09" E 66 06° 17' 43.99" N 118° 00' 05.44" E 67 06° 52' 14.53" N 118° 23' 40.49" E 68 07° 30' 26.05" N 117° 18' 33.75" E 69 07° 48' 30.69" N 116° 59' 39.18" E 70 07° 51' 27.17" N 116° 54' 17.19" E 71 07° 52' 19.86" N 116° 53' 28.73" E 72 07° 54' 36.35" N 116° 53' 16.64" E 73 08° 02' 00.26" N 116° 54' 10.04" E 74 08° 11' 18.36" N 116° 59' 51.87" E 75 08° 37' 56.37" N 117° 15' 51.23" E 76 08° 44' 17.40" N 117° 20' 39.37" E 77 08° 53' 32.20" N 117° 28' 15.78" E 78 09° 02' 57.47" N 117° 37' 38.88" E 79 09° 59' 22.54" N 118° 36' 53.61" E 80 11° 13' 19.82" N 119° 15' 17.74" E 81 12° 19' 35.22" N 119° 50' 56.00" E 82 13° 53' 21.45" N 120° 01' 05.86" E 83 15° 48' 43.61" N 119° 46' 56.09" E 84 15° 57' 51.67" N 119° 44' 55.32" E 85 16° 09' 57.90" N 119° 45' 15.76" E 86 16° 10' 12.42" N 119° 45' 11.95" E 87 16° 16' 34.46" N 119° 46' 19.50" E 88 16° 17' 12.70" N 119° 46' 28.52" E 89 16° 18' 29.49" N 119° 46' 44.94" E 90 16° 19' 28.20" N 119° 47' 07.69" E 91 16° 20' 04.38" N 119° 47' 20.48" E 92 17° 34' 24.94" N 120° 20' 33.36" E 93 17° 41' 17.56" N 120° 21' 02.02" E 94 17° 55' 04.13" N 120° 24' 40.56" E 95 18° 29' 32.42" N 120° 33' 42.41" E 96 18° 30' 52.88" N 120° 34' 55.35" E 97 19° 10' 14.78" N 121° 12' 52.64" E 98 20° 43' 15.74" N 121° 46' 57.80" E 99 21° 07' 17.47" N 121° 56' 43.85" E 100 21° 07' 18.41" N 121° 56' 48.79" E 101 21° 07' 12.04" N 121° 57' 03.65" E CHINA Declaration of the People’s Republic of China on the Baseline of the Territorial Sea, May 15, 1996 PARACEL ISLANDS (claimed by CHINA and VIETNAM) Declaration on Chinese-claimed straight baselines, May 15, 1996 TAIWAN Law on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone of the Republic of China, January 21, 1998 MALAYSIA Malaysia has not formally claimed and specified a system of baselines in the Baselines Maritime Zones Act ratified in 2007 but baselines were apparently drawn to determine Malaysia’s territorial sea limits, which are shown on official maps. PHILIPPINES Republic Act P522 to define the archipelagic baselines of the Philippines, July 28, 2008 INDONESIA Regulation No. 38, June 28, 2002 VIETNAM Declaration of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, November 12, 1982 Populated Places More than 1 million 100,000 to 1,000,000 25,000 to 100,000 Fewer than 25,000 National capital Fiber-Optic Submarine Cables APCN C2C China-US EAC FLAG Guam-Philippines SeaMeWe TIS (Thailand-Indonesia-Singapore) Maritime Lines Established maritime boundary Claim line Bruneian continental shelf claim Chinese (series of 9 dashes; the 10th dash shown on map is outside of the South China Sea) 1979 Malaysian continental shelf limit Philippine (Kalayaan) Hypothethical equidistant line Malaysian-Vietnamese joint CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf) southern submission 200-nautical-mile arc drawn from undisputed territory 12-nautical-mile line Spratly Islands12-nautical-mile line (Under UNCLOS, states are entitled to claim 12-nm territorial seas from any and all of their sovereign and/or claimed territory.) Straight baseline Straight baseline turning point Note: The United States Government does not accept the validity of most of these straight and archipelagic baseline segments. China includes Pratas Island and Paracel Islands in its straight baseline claims; rendering of these baseline points does not denote acceptance or substantiation of these claims. 23 0 50 100 150 200 Kilometers 0 50 100 150 200 Nautical Miles 0 50 100 150 200 Statute Miles Shipping-Related Features Approximate shipping lane Naval base Port facility A port is named after its attributable city unless otherwise labeled Energy-Related Features Oi l concession block Concession block number Oi l and gas field Oi lfield Gasfield Offshore terminal Floating (Production) Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO and FSO) 112 Scale 1: 5,100,000 While Bandar Seri Begawan has not articulated claims to reefs in the South China Sea (SCS), since 1985 the Sultanate has claimed a continental shelf that extends beyond these features to a hypothetical median with Vietnam. Malaysia contends Brunei’s maritime limit stops at the 100-fathom isobath from the coast based on 1958 UK Orders in Council. China’s and Taiwan’s claimed areas in the SCS include the seaward extension of Brunei’s maritime claim. China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam do not accept Brunei’s claims. Beijing refers to the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas Island, and Scarborough Reef as Nansha Qundao, Xisha Qundao, Dongsha Qundao, and Huangyan Dao, respectively, claiming these as well as all surfacing and undersea features within nine dashes drawn on Chinese SCS maps. China treats Scarborough Reef, also claimed by the Philippines, as part of partially drying Macclesfield Bank (Zhongsha Qundao). China adopted the nine dashes from Kuomintang maps drawn in 1947, resulting in Taiwan’s claims coinciding largely with China’s. China considers the area within the dashes to be part of Hainan Province and has referred to the maritime space therein as Chinese “territorial waters,” an undefined term that does not appear to conform to standard maritime regimes permitted under international law. Chinese archeologists assert the islands in the SCS were the ancient site of fishing and merchant activities and Chinese records note naval expeditions into the South China Sea during the Han Dynasty in A.D. 110 and the Ming Dynasty from 1403-1433. China contends the 1887 Sino-French Convention allocated all features to China east of 108°03’E. China occupies several of the Spratly Islands and completed seizure of all the Paracel Islands from Vietnam in 1974. Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam dispute China’s claims. Kuala Lumpur drew its continental shelf claim in the Spratly Islands in 1979 to include five islands which Malaysia occupies plus others occupied or controlled by the Philippines and Vietnam. It constructed Layang Layang Resort on Swallow (Layang) Reef. As part of their joint submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) in May 2009, Malaysia and Vietnam defined 200-nm EEZ limits extending from mainland baseline claims, with both states ignoring, but not renouncing, any overlapping jurisdictional effects of the Spratly Islands. Brunei, China (including Taiwan), the Philippines, and Vietnam do not accept Malaysia’s claims. Manila claimed Scarborough Reef as well as a large portion of the Spratly Islands as terra nullius during explorations in the SCS commencing in May 1956. It named the Spratly claim the Kalayaan (Freedom) Island Group and occupies several of the islands. It defines the Spratlys and Scarborough Reef as a special “regime of islands” distinct from the rest of the Philippine archipelago. China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, and Vietnam object to the Philippines’ claims. Taipei, like Beijing, asserts “historic” sovereignty over all features drawn within the dashes originally shown on a map published by the Kuomintang government in 1947—including the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas Island, and Scarborough Reef. Taiwan occupies several of the Spratly Islands and administers Pratas Island. Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam object to Taiwan’s coincident claims with China. Hanoi claims all of the Spratly and Paracel Islands. However, the extent of Vietnam’s territorial and maritime claims in the SCS has not been delimited in text or on maps. Vietnam considers the Spratly Islands an offshore district of Khanh Hoa Province and occupies several of them. China seized all of the Paracels in 1974. Like the Chinese, Vietnamese archeologists provide their own evidence to support a long historic presence on various SCS features. Hanoi claims that since France controlled both island groups beginning in the 1930s, Vietnam succeeded to those rights after indepen- dence. Brunei, China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, and the Philippines dispute Vietnam’s claims. Note: The South China Sea is defined by the International Hydrographic Bureau as the body of water stretching in a southwest to northeast direction, whose southern limit is 3° South latitude between southern Sumatra and Kalimantan (Karimata Strait), and whose northern limit is the Taiwan Strait from the northern tip of Taiwan to the Fujian coast of China. Claims in the Paracel and Spratly Islands BRUNEI CHINA MALAYSIA PHILIPPINES TAIWAN VIETNAM