South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University Planning Sustainable Cities with ZOFNASS/ENVISION From Research to Practice Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis Harvard University
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South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University Planning Sustainable.
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South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
Planning Sustainable Cities with ZOFNASS/ENVISION From Research to Practice
Prof. Spiro N. PollalisHarvard University
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
CONTENTS
1. THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE: Planning and Infrastructure2. DCK CITY, KARACHI: An Application of ZOFNASS/ENVISION
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTUREProject and City Scale Planning
1
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
The concentration of intense economic processes and high levels of resource consumption mark the urban condition.
Cities are therefore centers of ecological modification associated with development.
This makes them crucial environmental components.
INTRODUCTION | Sustainable cities and the role of master planning
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
INTRODUCTION | Sustainable cities and the role of master planning
Sustainability and Cities
Master planning should be an integrated and iterative process going beyond design:• It is a manifestation of a business plan• It is engineering• It is management
business plan engineering management
The master plan is “art” to the extend that it is order replacing chaos.
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
INTRODUCTION | Sustainable cities and the role of master planning
Sustainability and Cities
Karachi it is one of the world’s fastest growing metropolises and at the same time is enlisted as the 135th worsecity in terms of quality of life
Pakistan ranks 124 out of 144 countriesin terms of economy competitiveness (source: World Economic Forum)
Livability(source: Economist.com Rankings, August 2012)
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
The Zofnass Program for Sustainable Infrastructure was established in 2008 at Harvard’s Graduate School of Design .
-Eco-Agriculture-Food Distribution-Imported food-Self sufficient small farms-Indigenous Fruit Nurseries-Other
And 7 infrastructure systems:
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
The Methodology of EnvisionEnvision™
Envision rates infrastructure projects using 55 criteria grouped in 5 categories:
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
The Purpose of Envision
Envision™ is the product of a joint collaboration between the Zofnass Program for Sustainable Infrastructure at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design and the Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure.
The purpose of Envision™ is to help users determine the extent to which their proposed infrastructure design truly contributes to conditions of sustainability.
Envision™
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
Envision covers the physical components of infrastructure that make up the built environment.
Provides a holistic framework for evaluating and rating the community, environmental, and economic benefits of all types and sizes of infrastructure projects.
Evaluates, grades, and gives recognition to infrastructure projects that use transformational, collaborative approaches to assess the sustainability indicators over the course of the project's life cycle.
THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
The Envision Rating System for project scale
“Are we doing the project right?” “Are we doing the right project?”
Envision™
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
The tools
A broad set of tools has been developed to control our framework on sustainable infrastructure and cities:
An Implemented Rating System
is both an assessment tool for sustainable infrastructure projects and a template for planning, designing and constructing sustainable projects.
Envision™ Project scale
Envision™ Checklist is an educational tool that helps users become familiar with the sustainability aspects of infrastructure project design.
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
Infrastructure Planning Framework: Objectives and Guidelines
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
objective guidelineguideline
OBJECTIVES GUIDELINES
• For each organizational level strategic objectives of planning are determined• The objectives are then analyzed into one or more planning guidelines
ZofnassSustainable
Planning Guidelines
DEMAND ANALYSIS
STRATEGIC DECISIONS
ORGANIZATION AND
PLANNING OF ENTITIES
INFR
ASTR
UCT
URE
SYS
TEM
actionaction
ACTIONS
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
Infrastructure Planning FrameworkZofnass
Sustainable Planning Guidelines
Guidelines that form connections with other infrastructure systems are marked as synergies.
• Synergies TO other systems include guidelines that can improve or facilitate the function of other systems.
• Synergies FROM other systems reflect the reverse. Refer to guidelines in other infrastructure categories that help the one analyzed.
Synergies usually refer to:• Reducing the initial demand of other systems, challenges for their operation • Connecting by-products and feedstock needs• Optimizing placement of entities• Combining entities• Mitigating negative impacts of processes
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
DCK CITY, KARACHIAn Application of ZOFNASS/ENVISION
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South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Towards a Sustainable Development
A new city presented an opportunity for change: DCK City the 1st sustainable city in Pakistan
At a distance of 50 km from Karachi, the new city for 600,000 inhabitants and total area of development over 11,640 acres is aimed to be a landmark urban development.
PLANNING:Prof. S.N.Pollalis, chief planner M/S Osmani and Company RMJMDoxiadis Associates
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Project Vision
The design process was organized around strategic goals for the development.
Planning, Design & Implementation of world class 24/7 transportation & utilities infrastructure. Emphasis on water & energy security for the city
The safest city in Pakistan with specific features incorporated through planning & information technology interventions
High quality facilities for work, education, healthcare, shopping, recreation & community activities throughout the city
Provision of a beautiful natural living environment contributing to the highest quality of life in Pakistan
Most resource efficient development of Pakistan integrating Renewable Energy systems, energy saving, recycling and reuse etc
• Quality Infrastructure
• Safety & Security
• Proximity
• Environment
• Efficiency & Sustainability
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
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DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Sustainable Planning
• Consideration of context and site characteristics• Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines
Rid
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Nul
lahs
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
New Development
Im
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QUALITY OF LIFE
NATURAL WORLD
CLIMATE AND RISK
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
LEADERSHIP
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Sustainable Planning
• Consideration of context and site characteristics• Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines
The Zofnass planning guidelines were used from the first steps of DCK design process and the necessary infrastructure provisions were made. Planning included the 7 infrastructure systems: landscape, energy, water, solid waste, transportation, information and food, to address sustainability issues in the scale of both the city and the neighborhood.
Integrated infrastructure systems are key for a high sustainability performance. As a result, customized actions to DCK’s needs, potentials and goals were chosen for implementation during planning, construction and operation phases.
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
solar parks
wind farm
biomass energy park
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines
Exploitation of varied mix of energy sources
Reduction of dependence on imported energy sources
Energy saving implemented in all sectors and especially in buildings and transportation
Multiple renewable energy sources like solar, wind and biomass are used
Main objective: Security of supply and service without failures, efficiency
Indicative Actions:
DCK’s energy strategy aims to achieve 30% of the total required energy from renewable energy sources (i.e., 10% wind power + 5% solar power + 10% biomass + 5% waste to energy power)
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
AMENITIES
CBD & GATEWAYDEMAND 26%
SECTORS DEMAND 74%
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines
Water recycling will be used to cover irrigation and other needs
Exploitation of on-site resources
Reduction of distances between supply and consumption
Main objective: Security of local supply. Protection of local resources.
Indicative Actions:
Development of decentralized treatment systems
Storm water management provided through: new reservoirs, the protection and preservation of nullahs and the creation of protection zones around them
39%
17%
17%
9%
2% 12%
1% 2%
DCK Water Demand Residential
Commercial
Mixed Use
Amenities
Recreation (landscaping)
Utilities
Agriculture and Preserved Open Spaces
Roads (landscap-ing)
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
1km
radi
us5km radius
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines
Plan and provide space for urban agricultural plan, communal gardens and allotments
Fields within DCK: 305 acres
Within 5 km radius: 12,410 acres
Create and implement a land registry banning any land use change on prime farmland
Avoid intensification of agricultural production to avoid soil degradation
Development of inclusive Greenhouses and Indigenous Fruit Nurseries
Main objective: Provide food security and promote urban agriculture
Indicative Actions:
Locate and equally distribute food retail facilities across the city
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines
Provisions are made for safe transfer and disposal
On site facilities are provided for recycling
Separate collection at source makes system more cost effective
A new controlled landfill is provided for final disposal
Recycling is organized through proximities (930 Points of Mixed Recyclable Waste Collection & 104 Points of Separate Collection)
150m
350m
550m
plastic
paper
glass
organic
textiles
Electric/electronic
devices Printer cartridges/batteries
Areas - Points of Separate Waste Collection Points
• Sectors Community Centers : (C4/C5)• Gateway District: (Medical City / Outlet Mall/ Theme Park)
Main objective: Solid Waste treated like a valuable resource. Minimize environmental and health impacts of disposal
Indicative Actions:
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
PRINCIPAL ARTERIALS
SECONDARY ARTERIALS
COLLECTORS
HIGHWAY
LOCAL ROADSVEHICLE ACCESS TO CBD
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines
Public transit options include tram and bus lines
Pedestrian and bicycle routes promote a healthy living
Provide adequate coverage/ length for all modes implemented
Combine nodes of different networks / create hubs
A clear road hierarchy and parking spaces mitigate congestion and reduce noise pollution
Main objective: Connectivity, quick access and reduced greenhouse emissions
Indicative Actions:
Proximities to tram stations
Road Hierarchies
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines
Creation of barriers, buffers and filters to control contaminants
Integration of streams and reservoirs to offer natural drainage
Creation of barriers and buffers to control noise and light pollution
Incorporation of recreation activities in green areas
Protection areas providing food and water resources
Main objective: Protect the natural environment, maximize the benefits offered by landscape entities
Indicative Actions :
Classification of areasbased on principal function
HABITAT SINKSOURCE FILTERCONDUIT BARRIER BUFFER
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
Central Offices (COs)
Information pavilionsin C5 & C4 centers
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines
Definition of optimum spatial distribution of information communication points
Optimum data capture locations and methods
Synergy with other infrastructure to optimize, control and protect their processes
Network of displays and sensors placed in public spaces, indoors or outdoors
Information pavilion spaces, strategically located in C4s and C5s (serving as: modern libraries, information centers & outlets for IT services, exhibition spaces, etc)
Main objective: Serve the city in a sustainable way and enhance sustainability of all other infrastructure systems
Indicative Actions:
Security services
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
DCK CITY under construction
Priority Phases
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision
DCK CITY under construction
Priority Phases Construction Phases
South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014 Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University
Cities offer great opportunities for change
The large concentration of population and processes makes cities, centers of consumption that will always depend on hinterlands for resources.