South America South America By: Tiffany Byers Rachel Backman Jeremy Petrous Anthony Leo.

South South AmericaAmerica

By: Tiffany ByersBy: Tiffany Byers

Rachel BackmanRachel Backman

Jeremy PetrousJeremy Petrous

Anthony LeoAnthony Leo

GuyanaGuyana

Population 767,245 people (est. 2006)

Growth Rate 0.3%

Largest City of Guyana is Georgetown with 227,700 people.

Age Distribution 0-14 years: 26.2%

(male 102,551/female98,772)

15-64 years: 68.6% (male265,193/female 260,892)

65 years and over: 5.2% (male17,043/female 22,794)

Age Distribution

26%

69%

5%

0-14 15-6465+

Geography

Geographic Size 214,969 square kilometers or … 83,000 square miles Guyana is approximately the same

size as Idaho.

Population Density 9.1 people per square mile 3.6 people per square km

Gender Distribution of Workforce

The economic and political spheres are dominated by men.

There are few women in the government. There has been a woman President. Women play significant roles as farmers,

market vendors, teachers, nurses, civil servants, and clerks.

In the past few years, more women have been attending college and girls have been out performing boys on regional exams.

Type of Political System

Republic

Executive Branch

President: Bharrat Jagdeo

Prime Minister: Samuel Hinds

Legislative Branch

Judicial Branch

Ethnic Groups

50%

36%

7%7%

East Indian

Black

Amerindian

White,Chinese,or Mixed

Major Religous Systems

50

35

105

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Christian Hindu Islam Other

Religous Group

%

Language/Currency Official Language is English Some: Amerindian Dialects, Creole,

Hindi, and Urdu.

The Official Currency is Guyanese Dollar.

1 U.S. dollar = 200.94 Guyanese dollars

Life Expectancy Overall life expectancy is 62 Males is 61 Females is 64

Adult Literacy Male average is 99% Female average is 98.2%

10 years of Compulsory Schooling 27 Students/Teacher in Guyana vs. 15

Students/Teacher in U.S

Economy Per Capita Income:$4,700 GDP (PPP): $3.62 Billion GDP earned by Major Sectors:

– Agriculture: 35.5%– Industries: 19.3%– Services: 45.2%

Economical Trends: Guyana

1. Guyana is the most liberalized market in the Caribbean

removed most non-tariff barriers highest tariff rate in 1998 was 20% Guyana has a top corporate tax rate of 35%.

An additional 10% is applied to profits of commercial companies

Economical Trends: Guyana

2. Guyana receives economic aid– $84 Million from Economic Aid Recipient – $253 Million from Heavily Indebt Poor

Country Initiative (HIPCI)– Guyana’s economy has grown rapidly in

the past seven years. The major sources of growth came mainly from forestry, gold, bauxite, sugar, rice and fishing.

Economic Trends: Guyana

3. The Guyanese economy has deteriorated under government management policies.

Members of the ruling People's National Congress (PNC) political party were placed in managerial positions, removing former managers and clerical workers.

Social Trends in Guyana1. Less people have AIDS than in the past– In 2001, the prevalence rate for AIDS in adults

was 2.7%– In 2003, the prevalence rate for AIDS dropped to

2.5%2. The annual suicide rates in the Guaraní went from

121.5 per 100,000 population for males in 2000 to 113.2 in 2005 and from 63.7 per 100,000 population for females in 2000 to 59.1 in 2005

3. Infant mortality rates have lowered in recent years

1. The political climate in Guyana is insecure after the 1997 December elections because the PPC/Civic coalition won a second consecutive victory even though they were accused of electoral fraud.

2.  There are two main political parties in the Guyana government: the PPP and the PNC. The PNC was started in 1957 when it broke away from the PPP to start its own party.

3. Guyana’s political relationship with Cuba used to be very close in the 1970s and early 1980s. But after the U.S. invasion of Grenada, Guyana distanced itself from Cuba fearing U.S. intervention in Guyana. Currently, the relations with Cuba have been cordial but not close.

Technological Trends: Guyana

1. There were 60.1085 televisions per 1000 people in 2003

 There were 55 televisions per 1000 people in 1997

2. There were 548.817 radios per 1000 people in 2003 

There were 498 radios per 1000 people in 19973. There were 133.856 telephones per 1000 people in

2006 There were 79 telephones per 1000 people in

1997

BrazilBrazil

PopulationPopulation

2006 = 188 million people2006 = 188 million people 2050 = 260 million people2050 = 260 million people 1.04% growth rate1.04% growth rate 1991 = 2.7 births per woman1991 = 2.7 births per woman 2004 = 2.3 births per woman 2004 = 2.3 births per woman # of elderly people 70+ is on the rise# of elderly people 70+ is on the rise 20.1 people per sq. km20.1 people per sq. km

Age DistributionAge Distribution 0-14 years: 25.8% (male

24,687,656/female

23,742,998) 15-64 years: 68.1% (male

63,548,331/female 64,617,539) 65 years and over: 6.1% (male

4,712,675/female 6,769,028)

GeographyGeography

•5th largest country in the world and largest in Latin America

•Size of U.S. excluding Alaska

•Brazil total area 8,511,965 sq km

•U.S. total area 9,826,630 sq km

•184,184,264 people in 2005

•Demographic Density is low – 80% live within 200 miles of Atlantic Coast

•21.5 people per square km

•2.1 children per woman

•Style of development doesn’t favor incorporation of women in the economy

•Brazilian women are paid less than similarly qualified men.

•Brazilian women are disproportionately concentrated in the lowest-paying economic sectors

•Largest single job for women is domestic servant

Political SystemPolitical System Brazil is a federal republic w/26 states and 1 Brazil is a federal republic w/26 states and 1

federal districtfederal district Capital = BrasiliaCapital = Brasilia Each state is technically autonomous w/ a Each state is technically autonomous w/ a

legislative body and an elected governmentlegislative body and an elected government The President is the head of the states and The President is the head of the states and

governmentgovernment Voting is universal and compulsory for ages 18-Voting is universal and compulsory for ages 18-

7070 Voluntary voting is allowed for 16-17 year olds Voluntary voting is allowed for 16-17 year olds

and those over 70and those over 70

Ethnic GroupsEthnic GroupsWhite (53.7%)

Mulatto (38.5%)

Black (6.2%)

Japanese/Arab/Ameridian (0.9%)Other (0.7%)

Largest Catholic country in the world– 73% is Catholic, but mostly by tradition, not by faith

Catholic Church and state have very close relationship

Catholic Holidays are public holidays

•Federal Government supports religious educational institutes

Interior of Brazil is “folk Catholic” (includes beliefs and practices long abandoned in cities)

•Varies from rural to urban cities

•The faithful take vows to make a pilgrimage to honor the saint who fulfilled their request (like a recovery from an illness or getting a job). Then they will offer the saint a carved likeness of the body part that was cured.

•African religions also in Brazil due to slaves and protestant nations.

•Candomblé is most well-known, and is centered in Salvador

Originated from West Africa

•Pentecostal churches becoming popular now, as well as charismatic Catholicism

LanguageLanguage

Official Language = PortugueseOfficial Language = Portuguese English, German, and French are English, German, and French are

popular 2popular 2ndnd languages languages

HealthHealth Life expectancy = 71 years oldLife expectancy = 71 years old 60% of population depends on 60% of population depends on

public health care systempublic health care system Excellent medical care is available Excellent medical care is available

in the cities to those who can afford in the cities to those who can afford itit

EducationEducation Adult Literacy rate = 86.4% 11 years of schooling is required

EconomyEconomyPer capita incomePer capita income GDP (purchasing power GDP (purchasing power

parity) parity) Brazil = $8,600 = $1.616 trillion Guyana = $4,700 = $3.62 billion U.S. = $43,500 = $12.98 trillion

CurrencyCurrency 1 Brazil real = 0.45634 U.S. dollars 1 U.S. dollar = 2.19132 reals

Major SectorsMajor Sectors agriculture: 8% industry: 38% services: 54%

Economical Trends: Brazil1. Brazil launched an initiative to make Northeastern

states more prosperous, like southern states (want to elevate economies to same level)

2. Trying to get tourism rates to increase in the Northeast by a “brand identity” with their beaches, natural beauty, culture, and historic cities

3. Realized that fruits were an untapped resource and had potential for a major export industry. Now expanding market to North America.

Social Trends: Brazil

Mean heights at ages 7 and 22 are estimated for three group of males and females born around 1952, 1967 and 1982

Modest height gains of around 1.0 cm per decade

Social Trends: Brazil

The public health care sector is moving toward the purchaser-driven stage and away from the provider-driven stage.– Provider-driven is where quality is assumed– Purchaser-driven is where quality is ignored

Private sector is moving toward consumer-driven– Quality is demanded

1. Since the end of military rule in 1985, unionization, collective bargaining, and frequent strikes have become commonplace among federal employees in all three branches.

2. Prior to 1932, the national code didn’t allow women to vote. In 1932, the new national election code allowed women to vote in the May 1933 elections for the 1934 Constituent Assembly. 3. From 1945 to 1979, presidents had five-year terms. Following President Figueiredo's six-year term, the 1988 constitution again set the term at five years, but the 1994 constitutional revision reduced the mandate to four years.

Technological Trends

1. Brazil has become one of the world's most prominent battlegrounds of the Microsoft Windows versus Linux war

Linux is based on open source code that users can study and modify (as opposed to Microsoft's proprietary software). Brazil's government and citizens are moving towards Linux

In 2004 alone, 15 federal organizations adopted Linux. Saved US$11.8 million in licensing fees. The government estimates further switchovers could save up to $84 million.

Technological Trends: Brazil

2. Brazil is moving away from their dependence upon imported energy sources and moving towards bringing digital technologies to Brazil.

3. Brazil is trying to develop modern health care services by importing much technology.

The white strip contains the inscription "Ordem e Progresso", meaning "Order and Progress. "

The flag was designed by a painter named Decio Vilares.

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or(courtesy of Kresge Library)>.

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cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Med&list_uids=3733305&dopt=Citation>. "Secular Growth Trends in Brazil Over Three Decades." PubMed. 17 Feb.

2007 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Med&list_uids=8080238&dopt=Abstract>.

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