South Africa Life Under Apartheid Questions to Consider: How do new ideas change the way people live? Student Objective: Students will know that South.

South AfricaSouth Africa Life Under ApartheidLife Under Apartheid

Questions to Consider: How do new ideas change the way people live?

Student Objective: Students will know that South Africa is rich in natural resources, and will be able to describe how these resources have influenced the colonization by Europeans. Students will be able to discuss how the resources led to the apartheid movement in South Africa and the cultural changes in the area.

Learning Target: I will be able to discuss the causes of the colonization in Southern Africa by European countries, and the apartheid movement and equal rights in South Africa.

History of South AfricaHistory of South Africa For more than 1,500 years Native Africans controlled the For more than 1,500 years Native Africans controlled the

area now known as South Africaarea now known as South Africa The largest tribe/ethnic group in the area were the ZuluThe largest tribe/ethnic group in the area were the Zulu In 1652 In 1652 Dutch explorers established the colony of Cape Dutch explorers established the colony of Cape

ColonyColony Even though they were recent immigrants, Even though they were recent immigrants, they began they began

claiming the land as their ownclaiming the land as their own Over the course of time, the Dutch settlers began to Over the course of time, the Dutch settlers began to

branch out, taking more land and becoming farmers branch out, taking more land and becoming farmers They fought with Native Africans over the fertile They fought with Native Africans over the fertile

farmlands of South Africa and forced the natives to work farmlands of South Africa and forced the natives to work as servants and slavesas servants and slaves

These Dutch colonizers became known as the Boers These Dutch colonizers became known as the Boers ((Afrikaners are the descendants of the Boers)Afrikaners are the descendants of the Boers)

The arrival of the Dutch colonizer The arrival of the Dutch colonizer Jan van Riebeeck, the first European to , the first European to

settle in South Africasettle in South Africa

History of South AfricaHistory of South Africa During the early

1800’s British colonizers came to set up their own colony, and a conflict began between the Boers (Dutch) and the British

The British won, but two separate states were formed, one Boer and one British

Boers in combat (1881)Boers in combat (1881)

The South African War or the The South African War or the Boer War (1899-1902)Boer War (1899-1902)

When diamonds and gold were discovered in large quantities in South Africa in 1899, British interest peaked even higher in the region

The British and the Boers engaged in war for winner take all in the area

The Zulu Tribe (The largest group of Native South Africans) took the side of the British – The Zulu hoped that if the British were to win

they could gain equal rights with the removal of the Boer presence

– This did not happen

The British forced black South Africans off their mineral rich land and made them live on land they though had little value, called “reserves”

These reserves took up only 13% of the land, even though blacks made up 68% of the population– Life on the reserves was hard– The government built few factories, modern roads,

schools and hospitals on the reserves– The land was horrible, which made farming impossible– Without the ability to farm Native South Africans

became dependent on white South Africans– Most of the natives had to leave their reserves to find

work– Black South Africans became servants, laborers, and

other lower paying positions

British Colonialism: Life on British Colonialism: Life on ReservesReserves

Apartheid in South Africa(Click the title to watch the video clip)

In 1948, the racist Nationalist Party was elected to power

The new government combined all the poor treatment of black South Africans into an official policy called apartheid

Apartheid (separateness) was the system by which there was legal racial segregation in South Africa

This racist policy denied blacks and other non-whites social and economic equality with whites

"For use by white persons" – sign from the "For use by white persons" – sign from the apartheid era apartheid era

““Reserved for the sole use of the white Reserved for the sole use of the white race” in English, Afrikaans & Zulurace” in English, Afrikaans & Zulu

Apartheid in South AfricaApartheid in South Africa(Click on the title to play video)

Above all, white South Africans set up the system of Apartheid to make sure the black majority did not gain any power.

Under Apartheid, Black South Africans lost many of their basic human rights (write down a couple)– They were told where to live (reserves) – They were forced to carry ID cards when they traveled– They could not vote (No Suffrage)– They were paid less wages than whites that held the same

job– They received separate & inferior education, medical care

and other public services– Mixed Marriage was also made illegal under apartheid

The African National CongressThe African National Congress In 1912, the In 1912, the African National Congress was African National Congress was

formed by a group of black Africans that formed by a group of black Africans that opposed apartheid opposed apartheid in South Africain South Africa

Black South Africans resisted apartheid by:Black South Africans resisted apartheid by:– Participating in Participating in non violent protest marchesnon violent protest marches– Worker strikesWorker strikes– Refusing to buy white products (Refusing to buy white products (boycottsboycotts))– Going into “whites only” areasGoing into “whites only” areas– Practicing Practicing civil disobediencecivil disobedience (breaking laws) (breaking laws)– Creating resistance artCreating resistance art as an expression of their as an expression of their

strugglesstruggles

Resistance Art Resistance Art

Is a form of art that Is a form of art that emerged in South emerged in South Africa in the mid-Africa in the mid-1970s after many 1970s after many uprisings that uprisings that focused on the focused on the resisting apartheid resisting apartheid and celebrating the and celebrating the African strength and African strength and unity. unity. Malcolm Payne Gorilla, 1985

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela

In the 1950’s a great leader arose from the In the 1950’s a great leader arose from the African National Congress (ANC), African National Congress (ANC), Nelson Nelson MandelaMandela

Eventually, Eventually, the government banned the ANCthe government banned the ANC The government started arresting it’s members The government started arresting it’s members

and breaking up protests with deadly military and breaking up protests with deadly military forceforce

These actions made Mandela feel that non-These actions made Mandela feel that non-violent resistance, in which he had always violent resistance, in which he had always believed, was useless against the South African believed, was useless against the South African governmentgovernment

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela Along with other

freedom fighters, Nelson Mandela began a campaign of sabotage against military and government targets

Nelson Mandela was arrested and imprisoned in 1963

Although he would stay in prison for the next 27 years, he became a symbol of the injustices of apartheid

People around the world knew his name and would eventually demand his freedom

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela

The End of ApartheidThe End of Apartheid

Worker strikes in particular had a Worker strikes in particular had a negative impact on the economy and negative impact on the economy and forced the government to change some forced the government to change some apartheid laws in the 1970’s and 1980’sapartheid laws in the 1970’s and 1980’s

In addition, In addition, in 1985 several world nations in 1985 several world nations began imposing economic sanctions began imposing economic sanctions against South Africa (Boycotts & Trade against South Africa (Boycotts & Trade Embargo)Embargo)

A A sanctionsanction is a measure taken by nations is a measure taken by nations against a country violating international against a country violating international lawlaw

Apartheid EndsApartheid Ends(Click on the title to watch the video)

Willem de KlerkWillem de Klerk, a white South African who , a white South African who opposed apartheid, became president in opposed apartheid, became president in 19891989– He helped repeal many apartheid laws and to He helped repeal many apartheid laws and to

release from jail those who had worked to fight release from jail those who had worked to fight against apartheidagainst apartheid

In 1990, he helped obtain Nelson In 1990, he helped obtain Nelson Mandela’s release from prisonMandela’s release from prison

Together, Together, Nelson Mandela and Willem de Nelson Mandela and Willem de Klerk worked to end apartheid for goodKlerk worked to end apartheid for good

In 1993, they shared the Nobel peace prize In 1993, they shared the Nobel peace prize for their effortsfor their efforts

Willem de Klerk & Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela is shown voting for the first time in his life on

April 27, 1994.

A New Era for south AfricaA New Era for south Africa

In 1993, a new constitution gave all adults the right In 1993, a new constitution gave all adults the right to voteto vote

Nelson Mandela was elected as South Africa’s 1Nelson Mandela was elected as South Africa’s 1stst black presidentblack president, , served one five-year term, and served one five-year term, and retired in 1999retired in 1999– Today, the constitution of South Africa guarantees the same Today, the constitution of South Africa guarantees the same

rights to everyone in South Africarights to everyone in South Africa Due to it’s vast Due to it’s vast natural resourcesnatural resources, , mining operationsmining operations

and and jobs in manufacturingjobs in manufacturing, , South AfricaSouth Africa has has developed into one of the developed into one of the strongest economies in all strongest economies in all of Africaof Africa– However, many black South Africans remain very poorHowever, many black South Africans remain very poor– The government is working to provide better housing and to The government is working to provide better housing and to

bring electricity and water to communities without thembring electricity and water to communities without them

Wrap UpWrap Up

What was apartheid?What was apartheid? Who was Nelson Mandela?Who was Nelson Mandela? What did people like Nelson Mandel What did people like Nelson Mandel

do in an effort to end apartheid?do in an effort to end apartheid? How did some of the black south How did some of the black south

Africans express their desire to end Africans express their desire to end apatheid?apatheid?

What is South Africa like today?What is South Africa like today?