Sources and age of terrigenous organic matter exported from the … · 2016. 2. 3. · Sources and age of terrigenous organic matter exported from the Lena River watershed, NE Siberia

Sources and age of terrigenousorganic matter exported from theLena River watershed, NE Siberia

Maria Winterfeld1,2, Miguel Goñi3, Janna Just4, Jens Hefter2,Shuwen Sun2, Pai Han2 & Gesine Mollenhauer1,2

1Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany; 2University of Bremen, Germany;3Oregon State University, USA; 4MARUM, Germany

Lena Delta (Landsat 2000, NASA)

2

Motivation

amplifiedArctic warming

• accelarated permafrost thawing• soil erosion & export via rivers

Composition of modern exported POM?Can it serve as baseline for future changes in the catchment?

permafrost distriution:Brown et al., 1997 Hugelius et al., 2014

catchment: ~2.5*106 km2

discharge: 588 km3 (1999-2008)

tundra

taiga

• strong seasonality of discharge• à spring freshet end of May/early

June with ~50% of annual sediment, DOC, and POC export

Lena River catchment

3sources: www.arcticgreatrivers.org; Holmes et a. 2002, 2012; Roshydromet

4

Sources of POM – Approach

Tundra

Taiga

2

Late Pleistocene(10-40*103 yrs)

Lignin phenols POM 14C1

Holocene (recent to 10*103 yrs)

4

1

Tundra

Taiga

2

Holocene (recent to 10*103 yrs)

Sources of POM – ApproachLignin phenols POM 14C

Late Pleistocene(10-40*103 yrs)

How big is the contribution from taiga &tundra in exported POM?

How old is soil-derived POM from the Lena catchment?

Sampling locationsSampling locations

5

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

C/V

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

S/V

non-woody gymnosperm(e.g. needles)

woodyangiosperm

non-woody angiosperm(e.g. grasses, leaves)

woodygymnosperm

Lignin phenols – sources of POMSy

ringy

l/Van

illyl

Cinnamyl/Vanillyl

6Winterfeld et al., 2015a

Lignin phenols – sources of POM

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

C/V

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

S/V

non-woody gymnosperm(e.g. needles)

woodyangiosperm

non-woody angiosperm(e.g. grasses, leaves)

woodygymnosperm

~50% contribution from taiga and tundra

Syrin

gyl/V

anilly

l

Cinnamyl/Vanillyl

6Winterfeld et al., 2015a

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

C/V

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

S/V

non-woody gymnosperm(e.g. needles)

woodyangiosperm

non-woody angiosperm(e.g. grasses, leaves)

woodygymnosperm

Lignin phenols – sources of POMSy

ringy

l/Van

illyl

Cinnamyl/Vanillyl

7unpublished data

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

C/V

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

S/V

non-woody gymnosperm(e.g. needles)

woodyangiosperm

non-woody angiosperm(e.g. grasses, leaves)

woodygymnosperm

Lignin phenols – sources of POMSy

ringy

l/Van

illyl

Cinnamyl/Vanillyl

7unpublished data

coarse

fine

Lignin phenols – degradation

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 4.0 4.4

Ad/Alvanillyl

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

Ad/A

l syrin

gyl

Acid

/Ald

ehyd

e Syr

ingy

Acid/AldehydeVanillyl

8

moredegraded

more degraded

freshtissue

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 4.0 4.4

Ad/Alvanillyl

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

Ad/A

l syrin

gyl

8

Acid

/Ald

ehyd

e Syr

ingy

Acid/AldehydeVanillyl

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 4.0 4.4

Ad/Alvanillyl

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

Ad/A

l syrin

gyl

Acid/AldehydeVanillyl

Lignin phenols – degradation

more degraded

moredegraded

freshtissue

freshtissue

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 4.0 4.4

Ad/Alvanillyl

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

Ad/A

l syrin

gyl

8

Acid

/Ald

ehyd

e Syr

ingy

Acid/AldehydeVanillyl

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 4.0 4.4

Ad/Alvanillyl

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

Ad/A

l syrin

gyl

Acid/AldehydeVanillyl

Lignin phenols – degradation

more degraded

moredegraded

fine

coarse

freshtissue

freshtissue

POM ∆14C

4,050 yrs BP

780 yrs BP

1,730 yrs BP

2,800 yrs BP

5,500 yrs BP

14C age[years BP]

Laptev Sea

LenaDelta

LenaDelta

Laptev Sea

surface waterparticulate organic matter

surface sedimentparticulate organic matter

∆14C[‰]

1,250 yrs BP-150

14C age of POM

Winterfeld et al., 2015b 9

-36 -34 -32 -30 -28 -26 -24 -22 -2013

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

14

~1,730  yrs  BP

~4,050  yrs  BP

~7,300  yrs  BP

~18,420  yrs  BP~12,930  yrs  BP

1950  AD

14C age of POM∆1

4 C [‰

]

δ13C [‰]10

-36 -34 -32 -30 -28 -26 -24 -22 -2013

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

14

~1,730  yrs  BP

~4,050  yrs  BP

~7,300  yrs  BP

~18,420  yrs  BP~12,930  yrs  BP

1950  AD

14C age of POM∆1

4 C [‰

]

δ13C [‰]

~∆14CO2 2010

10

11

Take home messages

• ~50% contribution from taiga and tundra based on bulk data

1

• POM sources (Holocene vs. Pleistocene) and/or particle size/density influence lignin composition

2

• estimated ∆14C of soil derived POM reflects heterogeneity of permafrost soils in the catchment

Lignin phenols

POM 14C