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mDS DENEME SINAVISOSYAL BLMLER - 15

A

indekiler:

Cevap Kad

Deneme Snav

Cevap Anahtar

Snavn Yabanc Kelimeleri

Uyarlar:

1. Bu testte 80 soru vardr. Bu sorular iin toplam 3 saat (180 dakika)sre ayrlmtr.

2. Soru trlerine ait giri ve k saatleri, snavn sabah 09:30 - 12:30arasnda uygulanaca varsaylarak belirlenmitir. Soru trlerine

giri ve k saatlerini, snava baladnz saati esas alarakdeitirebilirsiniz.

3. Dzeyinizi tam olarak belirlemek istiyorsanz, snav tek biroturumda uygulaynz.

4. Soru trleri iin nerilen sreleri amaynz.

5. Bir soru zerindeki deerlendirmenizi bitirdikten sonra, o soruyatekrar dnmeyiniz.

6. Sorularnza verdiiniz cevaplar daha sonra deitirmeyiniz.

7. Cevabn iki seenee kadar indirgediiniz sorularda, size gredoru kma ihtimali zayf olan seenei iaretleyiniz.

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DS DENEME SINAVISOSYAL BLMLER - 15

CEVAP KAIDI

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Dier sayfaya geiniz.

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NGLZCESOSYAL BLMLER - 15

w w w . b a d e m c i . c o m

1. - 18. sorularda, cmlede bo brak lanyerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyibulunuz.

Balang saati : 09:30Biti saati : 09:48Toplam sre : 18 dakika

1. Most scientists agree that the human history ofNorth America began when the early ---- ofmodern Native Americans made their way acrossa land bridge that once connected north-easternAsia to North America.

A) inhabitants B) ancestors

C) colleagues D) counterparts

E) descendants

2. In 1996, two teams of archaeologists found whatappear to be the remains of very ---- musicalinstruments at Neanderthal sites.

A) sensitive B) reluctant

C) relentless D) simple

E) confident

3. Losing a loved one is always painful, but for most

people time ---- heals the wounds.

A) densely B) excessively

C) eventually D) casually

E) cautiously

4. A lack of skills or of higher education are issuesthat ---- many South Africans from making adecent living.

A) prevent B) promote

C) complain D) offer

E) help

5. There are digest magazines that gather articlesand even books from a variety of sources andcondense them for us so that we can easily ----

new developments.A) get along with B) look up to

C) keep up with D) make away with

E) take over from

6. Youve got a long journey ahead of you so youought to ---- early in the morning.

A) turn up B) go by

C) make out D) break through

E) set out

7. Although alcohol consumption per capita ---- a

peak in the United States during the first threedecades of the 19th century, now it ---- down inall age groups.

A) reached / is going

B) has reached / goes

C) will reach / will go

D) was reaching / went

E) would reach / has gone

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8. Imagine what your life would be like if you ---- onemorning and everything you ---- had beenforgotten!

A) wake up / have ever learned

B) woke up / had ever learned

C) had woken up / ever learned

D) will wake up / ever learn

E) have woken up / will ever learn

9. For a long time now, Asias emerging economies---- the worlds most dynamic, with GDP ---- at anannual rate of 7.5%.

A) were / to have grown

B) would have been / having grown

C) have been / growing

D) would be / to be growing

E) are / to grow

10. Imhotep, god of medicine, ---- as a mythologicalfigure in the minds of many scholars until the endof the 19th century, when it ---- that he was a realhistorical personage.

A) existed / was establishedB) has existed / has been established

C) had existed / was being established

D) will exist / will have been established

E) exists / had been established

11. People who ---- it hard to give up smoking often---- outside assistance.

A) are finding / are sought

B) had found / are seekingC) could have found / will seek

D) find / seek

E) would have found / had been sought

12. We humans, like all warm-blooded animals, cankeep our core body temperatures pretty constantregardless ---- the physical conditions in theworld ---- us.

A) to / through B) with / for

C) about / inside D) on / over

E) of / around

13. Compared with the United States after 9/11, Indiahas reacted ---- the Mumbai attacks ---- restraint.

A) over / from B) for / in

C) by / to D) to / with

E) at / over

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14. ---- everyone appears to dislike a person who isknown as a gossip, it is an exceedinglyunusual individual who doesnt enjoy a bit ofgossip.

A) If B) Unless

C) Although D) Whenever

E) Once

15. ---- influencing how we think, digital technologyis altering how we feel and how we behave.

A) Despite B) Besides

C) Whereas D) As if

E) Owing to

16. ---- scientists can tell, our prehistoric ancestorslived in relatively small groups where they kneweveryone else in the group.

A) Despite the fact that B) Apart from

C) As far as D) As much as

E) Unlike

17. One type of family is the single-parent family, in---- children live with an unmarried, divorced orwidowed mother or father.

A) which B) that

C) them D) where

E) whom

18. ---- being a personal relationship between twopeople, marriage is one of societys mostimportant and basic institutions.

A) Instead of B) In addition to

C) Because of D) In opposition to

E) In case of

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19. - 23. sorularda, aadaki paradanumaralanm yerlere uygun den szckya da ifadeyi bulunuz.


It might be argued that the internal problems of somenations are so great that they can (19) ---- exerciseany influence on the wider world. With all theirinternal troubles and failures, what part can they(20) ---- in international endeavours for the (21) ----of peace? The dangers now are greater than ever.A racist war in southern Africa; another far more

devastating conflict in the Middle East; continuedunrest in the Far East. (22) ---- , which is evenworse, there is growing tension (23) ---- the worldbetween the rich and the poor; and this could giverise to fresh conflicts.

19.

A) briefly B) easily

C) widely D) intensely

E) hardly

20.

A) define B) use

C) play D) claim

E) proceed

21.

A) tolerance B) agreement

C) emergence D) establishment

E) representation

22.

A) Otherwise B) Despite

C) Notwithstanding D) Nevertheless

E) Moreover

23.

A) about B) among

C) throughout D) beside

E) above

4

24. - 35. sorularda, verilen cmleyi uygunekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.


24. When we enter a library and glance at the bookson the shelves, ---- .

A) the readers are expected to classify the bulk ofthe books

B) we are at first bewildered by their variety andquantity

C) the first thing we did was to look for the book weneeded

D) the shelves are tidied up at the end of everyworking day by the librarians

E) some libraries offer on-line services while othersdont

25. Although young children readily learn the namesof numbers, ---- .

A) it is a long time before they can use themeffectively

B) much research has been carried out on the

process of learningC) their parents try to encourage them to solve

complex problems

D) it doesnt matter if they enjoy maths or not

E) they can easily learn how to multiply two-digitnumbers

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26. Since many forms of evidence are in a state ofpoor preservation, ---- .

A) environmental archaeology is now a well-developed discipline

B) we can reconstruct the earlier forms of the sites

C) the work of archaeologists today is harder than itneed have been

D) fossils have survived in many dry caves

E) archaeologists will probably have disregardedthem

27. Because analytic philosophy is so different fromempirical research, ---- .

A) each field is a rather new area of study foranalysts

B) interdisciplinary studies have proven itinvaluable

C) social scientists were of the same opinion

D) many new students engaging in it are greatlypuzzled by it

E) art appreciation has developed only recently

28. Although Dublin is a fairly small city, ---- .

A) in the 20th century, they established their ownidentities, and today Dublin is a thriving, moderncity, rich in history and proud of its past

B) there is also a river running through the middle

C) the first harbour in Dublin was established in the

early 9th centuryD) Vikings founded one of their largest settlements

outside Scandinavia on the site of the presentcity

E) it is famous for its rich cultural heritage whichattracts millions of tourists every year

29. When people are faced with terribly long to dolists, ---- .

A) we began to feel hopelessly discouraged

B) it might be an unnecessarily exaggeratedconcern

C) they might have been motivated

D) it is easy to find reasons to put off doing them

E) they dont want to feel it was wasted

30. Our voices sound higher and thinner on tapethan they do when we hear ourselves speaking---- .

A) but this is actually much closer to the sound thatother people hear when we speak

B) because a good-quality recording cannot bemade easily

C) so that there is no loss of quality in the recording

D) whether others recognize the quality of ourvoices or not

E) because researchers found that people whoexperience a level of social anxiety dislike theirvoices

31. Mystery-type novels are popular ---- .

A) unless you are provided with enoughbackground to the crime and all necessary clues

B) because they challenge the reader to solve thecrime before the detective does

C) so that the reader has a chance to exercise his

imaginationD) if the mysteries cannot be solved by detectives

E) so that their authors are not too harshly criticized

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32. Austria is linguistically homogeneous, with 98per cent of the population speaking German, ---- .

A) so the linguistic differences among this majoritycannot be denied

B) since people in most German-speakingcountries dont have much difficultyunderstanding each other

C) unless the majority of Austrians learn at leastone foreign language

D) however there are considerable differences indialect between the various regions of thecountry

E) for the resulting heterogeneity contributes to thecultural diversity in the country

33. Japans efforts to reduce piracy incidents in thearea were highly successful ---- .

A) so several other countries adopted similar tactics

B) unless various local security forces had alsoresponded

C) though the usual policy of the government will beone of non-interference

D) once they choose to rise to the challenge

E) when it lacked the desire to assert itself

34. Terrorism is not likely to cease in India ---- .

A) until the security system was in need of reform

B) though that is what many would have hoped for

C) even though great efforts are being made to endit

D) since the shortcomings of the government wereeven then widely known

E) that it is not enough to right symbolic wrongs

35. The concept of Emotional Intelligence has had anenormous impact on the workplace ---- .

A) which gives you a chance to reconsider yourroutine

B) who matter the most to us

C) because people seem reluctant to admit this is areal tension

D) as long as we feel contempt and disgust forourselves

E) where employers have realized the importanceof being considerate

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36. - 38. sorularda, verilen ngilizce cmleyeanlamca en yakn Trke cmleyi bulunuz.


36. The Egyptian technique of pressing togethervertical and horizontal wet strips of fibre from thecore of the papyrus plant is similar to thebonding of the cellulose in modern papermaking, but was otherwise very different.

A) Enine ve boyuna denen slak papirs zliflerinin sktrlmasna dayanan Msr katyapm teknii, modern kat yapmndasellozun sktrlmasna benzeyen bir tekniktir,ancak pek ok adan farkllklar bulunmaktadr.

B) Papirs bitkisi znden kartlan slak liferitlerini yatay ve dey biimde dediktensonra bir araya getirerek sktran Msr teknii,modern kat yapm srecinde sellozunsktrlmasna benzer zellikler gsterse de,temelde olduka farkl bir yntemdir.

C) Her ne kadar ok farkl gibi grnse de, papirsbitkisi znden elde edilen slak lifleri eritlerhalinde enine ve boyuna dedikten sonra

sktrarak kat yapmay salayan Msr teknii,gnmz selloz liflerini sktrma yoluyla katyapma yntemine benzer zellikler gsterir.

D) Modern kat yapmndaki selloz sktrmayntemi ile Msrllarn papirs zndenkarttklar slak lifleri apraz biimde sktrpkat yapma yntemi baz nemli farkllklarsaymazsak, temelde benzerlik gsterir.

E) Msrllarn papirs bitkisi znden elde edilen,enine ve boyuna yerletirilmi slak lif eritlerinibirlikte sktrma teknii, gnmz katyapmnda sellozun sktrlmasna benzer,ancak bu teknik baka alardan ok farklyd.

37. The trait that makes human language differentfrom animal language is the complexity ofsentence structures that we employ.

A) Hayvan diliyle insan dili birbirinden farkldrnk insanlar karmak cmle yaplarkullanrlar.

B) nsanlarn kulland karmak dil yaplar, insandilini hayvanlarnkinden farkl klar.

C) nsan dilini hayvan dilinden farkl klan zellik,kullandmz cmle yaplarnn karmakldr.

D) nsan dili hayvan dilinden karmak cmleyaplaryla ayrlr.

E) Karmak cmle yaplar kullanlmas nedeniyleinsan ve hayvan dilleri birbirinden farkldr.

38. The first known system of writing was not a re-expression of spoken language, but had a

pictorial basis, creating two-dimensionalanalogues of three-dimensional things in theworld.

A) Temelinde resmin bulunduu, bilinen ilk yazsistemi, szl dilde sylenenleri yeniden ifadeetmek yerine, etrafmzdaki boyutlu nesneleriiki boyutla ifade eden bir sistemdi.

B) Temel olarak resimden treyen bildiimiz ilk yazsistemi, szl dilin bir yansmas deil, ikiboyutlu izimlerin dnyadaki boyutlu eyleritemsil ettii bir yaz sistemiydi.

C) Bilinen ilk yaz sistemi, konuma dilini ifade

etmekten ok, yeryzndeki boyutlu eyleri ikiboyutla temsil etmeye dayanan ve resimlerdenibaret bir yaz sistemiydi.

D) Bilinen ilk yaz sistemi, konuulan dilin yenidenifade edilii deildi; dnyadaki boyutlueylerin iki boyutlu benzerlerini yaratarak,znde resme dayanyordu.

E) lk yaz sisteminin, konuma dilinin yerine geenbir sistem olmad, ancak yeryzndeki boyutlu nesneleri iki boyutta resimle yaratarakifade eden bir sistem olduu bilinmektedir.

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39. - 41. sorularda, verilen Trke cmleyeanlamca en yakn ngilizce cmleyi bulunuz.


39. Genel olarak, okur-yazarlk oranlarndaki artdzeylerine ramen, kadnlar hl okuma yazmabilmeyen dnya nfusunun yaklak te ikisinitemsil etmektedirler.

A) Despite the fact that the levels of literacy rateshave increased in general, two-thirds of womenstill represent the illiterate population of the

world.

B) In spite of the increased levels of literacy aroundthe world in general, women still account for two-thirds of the worlds illiterate people.

C) No matter what the general levels of increase inliteracy rates are, it is still the women whorepresent almost two-thirds of the worldsilliterate population.

D) However increased the levels of literacy ratesmay be, women, whose number still makes upnearly two-thirds of the worlds population,represent the illiterate portion.

E) Despite levels of increase in literacy rates,generally, women still represent almost two-thirds of the worlds illiterate population.

40. Bizim tek seeneimiz iyi eitimli insanlarmz,en st dzey yeteneklerimizi ve bilgiyi yeni hizmetve rnlere dntrme becerimizi mmkn olanen iyi ekilde kullanmaktr.

A) Our only option is to make the best possible useof our well-educated people, our top-classfacilities, and our ability to turn knowledge intoinnovative services and products.

B) The only option left appears to be to make thebest possible use of our well-educated people,our top-class facilities, and our ability to turnknowledge into innovative services andproducts.

C) The best option would be to let our well-educated people develop even further our top-class facilities and create even more innovative

services and products.D) As our only option is to make the best possible

use of our well-educated people and our top-class facilities, we should concentrate ondeveloping innovative services and products.

E) Ideally, we should have opted to use our well-educated people to make all our facilities top-class ones and create still more innovativeservices and products.

41. nternet bankaclnn gvenlik zelliklerindegerekletirilen son zamanlardaki gelimelerle,mteriler evlerinden ya da ofislerinden nternetaracl ile banka ilemlerini yapabilmektedirler.

A) Security features of the advanced Internetbanking services give customers an opportunityto bank through the Internet either at home or atthe office.

B) With recent improvements that have been madein the security features of Internet banking,customers can bank over the Internet from their

homes or offices.C) It is due to the advanced security features of the

Internet banking services that customers use theInternet to bank from their homes or offices.

D) Internet banking services now have moreadvanced security features which helpcustomers bank through the Internet at home orat the office.

E) Owing to security improvements in Internetbanking services, which have recently beenmade, customers enjoy home or office bankingthrough the Internet.

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43. Probably everyone who makes an anthology findsthat at some stage it begins to take its ownshape, and that the final form was not foreseen.---- . He has then to consider the favourites of the

public. Moreover, friends may direct him topieces he has missed.

A) Indeed, people often outgrow their favouritepieces

B) No one has the same favourite poems

C) His own favourites are his first choice

D) Of course, some poems seem to be everybodysfavourites

E) There are only a handful of poems I would callfavourites

45. The Renaissance, as both a period and a

concept, continues to generate lively debateabout its origins and influence on Europeanculture and thought. ---- . Any new evaluation ofthe historical significance of the Renaissancerequires attention to these kinds of primaryevidence.

A) As the Renaissance slowly spread acrossWestern Europe, each nation made its owndistinctive contribution to the era

B) Recent research has emphasized the need tolook again at original texts, documents, andartefacts

C) A glance at the history of the precedingcenturies shows that after the dissolution of theRoman Empire, there was no possibility of anyintellectual revival

D) The great achievements of the Renaissancewere the discovery of the world and thediscovery of man

E) The Italian Renaissance had placed humanbeings once more in the centre of lifes stageand infused thought and art with humanisticvalues

42. - 46. sorularda, bo brak lan yere,parada anlam btnln salamak iingetirilebilecek cmleyi bulunuz.


44. Here we are in this complicated world. We did notmake it; but we find ourselves in it. We have todo our best to survive in it. ---- . And we wouldlike to improve those parts of it over which wehave any control or influence.

A) We also hope to enjoy being alive in it with our

fellowsB) This, of course, is just another philosophical

view

C) We need to understand the world better

D) Perhaps that would be to act in a rather selfishway

E) In the first place, a better understanding ofourselves is essential

42. Technical changes may influence employment in

several ways. They may bring about a permanentreduction of the number of workers in certainoccupations and increases in others. ---- . Thefirst of these is illustrated in the changes thathave occurred in the number of workers inagriculture. The result of the development ofmass production tools, on the other hand, hasbeen a reduction of the labour needs of theindustries using these tools.

A) They may also produce temporary or permanentdisplacement of workers

B) They may also require sharp increases in

clerical occupationsC) Another result may be a higher degree of

flexibility in the skills

D) It is also possible for workers to depend upon aregular cash income

E) There may be a decrease in the production ofgoods as well

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46. If politics is defined broadly as competition forpower over people and things, then it is clear thatall societies have some sort of political system.---- . It may initially seem that some small-scale

societies have no politicians or politicalorganizations at all, but they are present, thoughon a very small scale.

A) Nevertheless, political roles are usuallytemporary and short-term

B) In the early 20th century, anthropologistsdeveloped several useful systems for classifyingsocieties

C) Large-scale societies have many differentcontinuing political offices

D) All societies impose some degree of control ontheir citizens

E) However, there can be a vast difference in whatpolitical organizations look like and how theyfunction in different kinds of societies

47. - 51. sorularda, karlkl konuman n bobrak lan ksmn tamamlayabilecek ifadeyibulunuz.


47. Susan :- Hi, John! How are things going with you and

your family?

John :- Not very well. Ive just lost my job and now all

the financial responsibility is on my wife. We

have bills that are due and I feel terrible aboutit.

Susan :- Im sorry to hear that, but surely your son is

old enough to work.

John :- Actually, he has a good job, but he says he

doesnt get paid well and it is hard for him tohelp out.

Susan :- ----

A) Your son will always remember how you helpedsave and redirect him during this difficult time.

B) You should withdraw your financial support fromhim.

C) Parents are sometimes fearful of the unknownand different.

D) But all the family members should work togetherin hard times.

E) So your expenses are piling up. Tell your wife tocut down on her expenditures.

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48. Patricia :- Im a bit worried about going abroad to work.

Matthew :- Why? Isnt that something you have always

wanted to do?

Patricia :- ----

Matthew :- Dont worry so much about that. Youll get

used to new customs and traditions in no time.

A) In fact, Im worried that I may not be able to stayin touch with my friends here.

B) Not really, because it was my managers idea tosend me.

C) Yes, and Im worried that I may not be able tolive on so little money.

D) No, because I have already read a lot about thecustoms and traditions of the people there.

E) Actually it is. But Im worried that it will bedifficult for me to adapt to the culture there.

50. Mary :- In our etymology class, the teacher explained

that the English word lady derived from an OldEnglish word, hlfdige, which once meant the

woman who kneads dough. She said that itlater became the chief female of thehousehold, and hence, the one least likely todeal with such chores.

Mike :- Oh, really? I didnt know that! What is

etymology by the way?

Mary :- It is the study of the origin and history of

words in a language.

John :

- ----Mary:- Thats exactly right.

A) Im surprised you dont enjoy this class.

B) Now I can understand how radically the socialposition of women has changed.

C) So, words may undergo changes both in formand meaning through time.

D) Bread is no longer made at home today, is it?

E) This course wouldnt suit me!

49. Sally :- Do you know much about Hogarth?

Delia :- Not really. But I admire his pictures. They

depict life in 18th-century London so vividly.

Sally :- ----

Delia :- I certainly would.

A) Im asking because theres an exhibition of hiswork at the Tate Gallery. Would you like to go?

B) They say hes satiric. Is it possible for a painterto be satiric?

C) Apparently some of his pictures form groups and

tell a story.

D) Lets go to see it together, shall we?

E) Perhaps we could go to an exhibition of his work.

51. Mrs. Simpson :- Researchers point out that preschool

education has long-term effects over a childscognitive development.

Elizabeth :- ----

Mrs. Simpson :- Thats right. This way they can develop

problem solving and comprehension skills.

Elizabeth :- I can understand now why most primary

school teachers find it easier to teach suchchildren.

A) So, you mean that a child learns to share histoys with other children.

B) Then, quality preschool programs stimulate andnurture young minds.

C) In other words, such a child can easily adapt tonew social environments.

D) That means preschool education teaches a childhow to be obedient and how to keep silent atschool.

E) Thats why children after preschool educationget better at outdoor games.

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54. (I) Calls on humanitarian aid have been on theincrease for many years. (II) When there is adisaster, natural or otherwise, help is alwaysrequired. (III) Help, however, is not always readily

available. (IV) But it needs to be. (V) For a delay canmean the difference between life and death.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

55. (I) Some philosophers argue that the only real worldis the world of the mind and the physical world is anillusion. (II) The converse idea is that the mind is

ultimately a function of the brain. (III) The brain hasphysical properties that are in a constant state offlux. (IV) A frequent criticism of the latter position isthat it robs humanity of its lofty, idealistic spirit.(V) One basic problem the mind-body dualists haveis trying to figure out how the mind is connected tothe body and vice versa.


56. (I) For most of the world, Slumdog Millionaire is thisyears winning film. (II) But in India, where it wasfilmed, it is viewed in a very different light. (III) Thereit is being harshly criticized for the way it presentsMumbais urban poor. (IV) The director of the filmwas determined to catch some of the spirit ofMumbai in his film because he found it such anexhilarating place to live in. (V) Moreover, the use ofdog in the title is a further cause for offence.


Not: 5 dakika dinlenme aras veriniz. Bu esnada,1. - 56. sorulara verdiiniz cevaplarn seenekdalmn hesaplaynz (rn. A: 10 cevap;B: 8 cevap vs.).

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52. - 56. sorularda, cmleler sras ylaokunduunda parann anlam btnlnbozan cmleyi bulunuz.


52. (I) Since the mid-1990s, China has seenunprecedented economic development andexpansion. (II) Huge tracts of China are actuallyunsuitable for either agriculture or habitation.(III) The dramatic acceleration in the pace of socialdevelopment has also been exceptional. (IV) Butthere has been a high price to pay for all of this.(V) In particular, the environment has suffered; it hasbecome degraded and polluted.


53. (I) Painting portraits can be one of the mostdependable and profitable ways for an artist to makea living. (II) Portrait artists, however, have to acceptthat their best works may never be seen by thegeneral public. (III) Most artists find it helpful to get toknow a person before embarking on a portrait ofthem. (IV) Instead, they will hang in private homes tobe viewed only by family members and their friends.(V) Portraits of official people make up the one bigexception.


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57. - 80. sorular


Her bir metin ve buna ait 4 soruyucevaplamak iin toplam 10 dakika ayrnz.

57. - 60. sorular aadaki paraya grecevaplaynz.

Of the wealth of geographical and cartographical

data remaining from the Eastern world and theGreeks, the Romans were interested only inthose elements that best suited their essentiallypractical needs. They virtually abandoned thestudies of cosmography and mathematicalgeography, preferring to devote maximum effortto land surveys carried out by specialized militarycorps of land surveyors. From theirtopographical surveys and on-the-spotreconnaissance of places and cities, theyformulated their itineraria scriptia, publicationssimilar in many respects to our tourist guides,and their itineraria picta, a kind of road map onwhich they stressed only those topographical

features of use to travellers.

57. From the information in the passage, we learnthat ---- .

A) the scarcity of earlier information led theRomans to concentrate on all aspects ofgeography

B) it was the Romans who first introducedcartography

C) in pre-Roman times there was considerableinterest in cartography

D) the Romans were inspired by the topographicalsurveys of the Greeks

E) the Romans ignored the cultural achievementsof earlier times

58. According to the passage, the Romans ---- .

A) were great travellers and loved to exploreunknown places

B) greatly admired the work of mathematicians inthe East

C) produced extremely detailed maps of large partsof the country

D) were only interested in the topography of thecountry from a military point of view

E) were essentially practical people and notinterested in theoretical concepts

59. It is clear from the passage that, in Roman times,---- .

A) the findings of land surveyors were carefullyrecorded

B) the only scholarly works were itineraria scriptiaand itineraria picta

C) people travelled as little as possible as it couldbe very dangerous to do so

D) the way of life was essentially a very selfish one

E) there was no sense of community or of sharedaims

60. The main idea that we get from the passage isthat ---- .

A) the detailed land surveys made in Roman timeswere largely for the benefit of the armies

B) Greece and the East made far greatercontributions to civilization than ever theRomans did

C) though the Romans made little use of theachievements of Greece and the East, their owncontributions to the world were great

D) the actual investigation of places and cities is farmore valuable than any amount of theoreticalsupposition

E) the contribution of the Romans to the progressof history has been greatly underrated

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The greatest feat of civil engineering sinceRoman times was the French achievementbetween 1666 and 1681 of the Languedoc canalto link the Mediterranean Sea with the AtlanticOcean. It was conceived of by King Francis I anddiscussed by him with Leonardo da Vinci. It wasfirst surveyed in 1539. As a result of the civil andreligious disorders in France, however, nothinghappened until 1661 when Pierre Riquet workedout a scheme for supplying enough water to thesummit of the canal. Jean Colbert secured theinterest of the young King Louis XIV, and in 1666the work started. The whole canal was 150 mileslong with 102 locks, a tunnel, and 3 aqueducts. Itevoked world admiration, and was the prototypeof all future European grand canal designs eventhough its usefulness to France was quicklynullified by the rapidly increasing size of ocean-going ships.

61. It can be understood from the passage that ---- .

A) the construction of the canal was first started byLeonardo da Vinci

B) the Languedoc canal was, for more than acentury, no more than a project

C) the earliest proposal for the Languedoc canaldates back to at least Roman times

D) King Francis I was opposed to Leonardo daVincis plans for the Languedoc canal

E) by the time the canal was finished, there wasnothing very remarkable about it

62. It is clear from the passage that ---- .

A) the upkeep of the canal would be expensive

B) the Languedoc canal would not make those who

build it richC) as ocean-going ships increased in size, the

usefulness of the Languedoc canal declined

D) the site of the Languedoc canal was ill-chosen

E) many supported the building of the canal asthere was such a great need for it

63. According to the passage, once the Languedoccanal was finished ---- .

A) the scope of civil engineering was re-assessed

B) better systems of construction were put forward

C) problems connected with the locks began toemerge

D) plans to build canals in other parts of the worldwere soon changed

E) the whole world was filled with admiration for it

64. The passage makes it obvious that ---- .

A) Louis XlV himself contributed usefully to thedesign of the canal

B) it would not have been possible to haveconstructed the Languedoc canal in the time ofLeonardo da Vinci

C) the building of the Languedoc canal posed agreat many challenges

D) the design of the Languedoc canal was not asoriginal as has often been suggested

E) it was the interest that Leonardo da Vincishowed in the project that made possible theconstruction of the Languedoc canal

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Pottery was one of mans first artefacts. It is thepresence of pottery, rather than of the polishedstone, that marks the passage from theMesolithic to the Neolithic Ages, whenagricultural peoples settled both in theMediterranean area and in the Middle East. It iscommonly believed that the earliest potteryreceptacles copied those of other materials, suchas gourds or baskets. From the fingerprints onthem, it is possible to deduce that they weremade principally by women. Originally, anydecoration was indented; that is, patterns werepressed into the soft clay, and it remained so fora long period until new situations, at differenttimes in different parts of the world, producedpainted decoration. As a widespread form ofculture, permanently bearing in its shapes anddecoration the character of individual periodsand peoples, the finding of pottery has been ofsupreme importance to the archaeologist.

65. One can understand from the passage that ---- .

A) pottery production gave rise to agriculturaldevelopment in the Middle East

B) pottery production achieved technical perfectionin the Mesolithic age

C) the pottery of the Mesolithic Age isindistinguishable from that of the Neolithic Age

D) pottery can be used to trace development inearly human civilizations

E) the Neolithic Ages in the Mediterranean area arelargely characterized by the use of polishedstone

66. According to the passage, it was during theNeolithic Age that ---- .

A) agricultural peoples began to settle in the MiddleEast and along the Mediterranean

B) coloured stones were frequently collected andpolished

C) people first recognized the need for containersand began to make baskets and use gourds tocarry water

D) painted decoration of pottery gave way todecoration by indentation

E) pottery making spread from the Middle East toother parts of the world

67. It is made clear in the passage that earlyexamples of pottery ---- .

A) were probably intended for holding water andother liquids

B) were almost invariably made by men

C) served no practical purpose at all

D) were made in known shapes like those of

basketsE) tell us nothing at all about the people who made

them

68. As is pointed out in the passage, pottery is ofgreat importance to archaeologists largelybecause ---- .

A) it has considerable artistic beauty

B) the fingerprints of the makers are preserved inthem

C) it preserves the character of individual periods

D) it is more durable than other artefacts

E) it is the very first artefact ever to be made byman

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Charlie Chaplin, who was born in Britain butspent most of his life in the United States, is oneof the pivotal f igures in film history. He isespecially remembered for his work in the silentmovies. Chaplin knew that a successful scenewas not simply about the starring actor, butabout everything else. The only way to achievethat unity was to get personally involved in everystage of the film; from starring in his films toproducing, directing, editing them, and even tocomposing the music for them. It was notuncommon for him to decide half-way through afilm that an actor wasnt suitable for a certainrole, and start over with someone new. Thisconstant attention to detail ran many featuresovertime and over-budget, but the public reactionassured him and the studios that what he wasdoing worked. Chaplin typically improvised hisstory in front of the camera with only a basicframework of a script. But on consideration, hisart turned out to be firmly rooted, and could beseen, for example, to draw much of its strengthfrom his successful fusion of English andAmerican cultures and traditions.

69. As is pointed out in the passage the success ofChaplins films was largely due to ---- .

A) his own remarkable acting abilities

B) the control he exercised on every aspect of afilm

C) the detailed scripts prepared for each filmD) the professional skills of the studios that made

them

E) the fact that Chaplin liked to improvise newscenes in front of the cameras

70. The passage makes it quite clear that CharlieChaplin ---- .

A) began his career as an actor but soon turned todirecting films instead

B) much preferred America and American culture toBritain and British culture

C) is a major figure in the history of film-making

D) was eager to please those he worked with

E) appealed more to American audiences than toBritish ones

71. It is clear from the passage that the film studios---- .

A) were taken in by Chaplins charm and let himhave his own way all the time

B) played a leading role in the making of Chaplinsfilms

C) liked to work with Chaplin because he neverinterfered with what they were doing

D) had to work on a very tight budget

E) were content to work with Chaplin as they felt

success was guaranteed

72. The passage as a whole explains ---- .

A) why Charlie Chaplin was so successful in thefilm industry

B) the background factors contributing to CharlieChaplins success

C) how Charlie Chaplin contributed to thedevelopment of the film industry

D) the differences between the film industry thenand now

E) what goes into the making of a star

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The most important influence on the style ofEnglish furniture was that of the Chippendalefamily. Chippendale furniture is the creation ofThomas Chippendale, a London-based cabinet-maker. His Gentleman and Cabinet-MakersDirector, a folio of furniture designs, waspublished in 1754 and had a wide circulation.Chippendale himself never marked his creations,making it harder today for collectors to locateoriginal pieces. One of the best ways to findoriginal Chippendale furniture is to look foruneven joints and tool marks, as the furniturewas made entirely by hand and does not have theperfect angles of a mass-produced product.Though an article of furniture made inChippendales manner may bear his name, it is byno means an indication that it was actually madein his workshop. The 18th century was a timewhen artisans were beginning to exploit variousstyles, leading to widespread adoption of hisname in revivals of his style, so much so thatdealers spoke of Chinese Chippendale, GothicChippendale, and even Irish Chippendale.Many of these later designs that attach his namebear little relationship to his original concepts.

73. It is clear from the passage that all genuineChippendale furniture ---- .

A) is catalogued in the Gentleman and Cabinet-Makers Director

B) has a special Chippendale mark on it

C) has been bought up by collectors

D) was made by hand, and this is especiallyapparent in the joints

E) has been reproduced by mass-productiontechniques

74. According to the passage, the Chippendale styleof furniture was widely copied ---- .

A) but only the Irish Chippendale gained muchpopularity

B) but many of the later designs that carry his namebear little resemblance to the originalChippendale

C) especially by London-based cabinet makers

D) but the copies can easily be distinguished fromthe original pieces

E) but only by second-rate cabinet makers

75. It is pointed out in the passage that theChippendale family ---- .

A) exerted an enormous influence on the style ofEnglish furniture

B) worked as cabinet makers for very manygenerations

C) influenced furniture and design for over acentury

D) was more interested in furniture design than inthe making of it

E) made a name for themselves with the publicationof a folio of furniture designs

76. In this passage, ---- .

A) the role of the Chippendale family in shaping

18th century taste is discussedB) the Chippendale style of furniture is described in

detail

C) we learn something about genuine Chippendalefurniture and copies of it

D) the change in furniture styles from the mid-18thcentury to the present day is outlined

E) advantages of hand-made furniture over mass-produced furniture are discussed

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78. According to the passage, cities, until recently,---- .

A) have usually come into being quite naturally andof their own accord

B) have only undergone carefully-designed changewhen large parts have been destroyed

C) have boasted beautiful buildings, but poorinfrastructure

D) grew very slowly, if at all

E) were built to house workers, and their comfortwas scarcely taken into consideration

79. It is pointed out in the passage that fashion ---- .

A) and necessity have fought for the control ofurban development

B) has often had a role to play in urbandevelopment

C) may have encouraged the building of beautifulcities, but not of practical ones

D) will soon dictate that all cities will be built in thestyle of Masdar

E) is always changing so the style of Masdar willinevitably give way to other styles

80. It is clear from the passage that the city ofMasdar ---- .

A) follows a design suitable to all locations

B) will be the prototype of all green cities

C) will be constructed strictly in accordance with thedesign

D) has been designed and is being built to be agreen city

E) will not turn out to be totally environmentallyfriendly

Kalan 30 dakika srenin 15 dakikasn hibakamadnz sorular iin kullanabilirsiniz. Dahance zerinde uratnz sorulara tekrar geridnmeyiniz.

Son 15 dakikalk sreyi asla soru zerekgeirmeyiniz. Bu sre zarfnda seeneklerinizisaynz ve bo braktnz sorular, cevapkadnzda sayca en az kan seenee greiaretleyiniz.

TEST BTT.

CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDNZ.


Although most cities seem to form by accident,for thousands of years some of them have beendesigned. Whether for defence, beauty, orpracticality, urban designers have imposed theirideas of what a city should be about. But ideasare subject to changing needs and fashions.Centuries ago, a moat or a castellated wall wouldhave been essential. Now, greenery is in vogue.While existing cities look for ways of becomingmore environmentally friendly, a number of newones are planned that intend to be totally green.One of these is Masdar. Masdars advertisingstates that one day, all cities will be built likethis. This is not the case. For one thing, Masdaris experimental and a work in progress. Whatemerges will not necessarily translate wellelsewhere. Each green city is unique, and gettingit to work depends on its location and economy.

77. One point emphasized in this passage by thewriter is that ---- .

A) cities that look attractive are not always welldesigned

B) each green city must be individually designed

C) a primary consideration throughout the ages hasbeen to design cities that can withstand attack

D) an established city cannot easily or economicallybe modernized

E) all our cities must be turned into green cities

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DS DENEME SINAVISOSYAL BLMLER - 15

CEVAP ANAHTARI

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DS DENEME SINAVISOSYAL BLMLER - 15YABANCI KELMELER


1

Soru 1

scientist= bilim insan

agree (with / to) = 1) (birisi) ile ayn fikri paylamak,

(bir gr / dnce)ye katlmak, concord, zt anl.=disagree; 2) (bir ey yapma)ya raz olmak, (bir eyyapma)y kabul etmek, zt anl.= object to

human = insan(lk), human being, man

history = tarih, gemi

North America = Kuzey Amerika (Amerika ktasnnkuzey yarmkrede bulunan ksm)

native = yerli, z, doma byme, zt anl.= foreign

Native American = Kzlderili (Avrupallar ayakbasmadan nce Kuzey ve Gney Amerikada

yaayan yerlilere verilen genel isim), Indianmake (ones) way =ilerlemek, yol kat etmek, hayattabaarl olmak, advance

land = kara, toprak (paras), arazi, arsa, ground

bridge = kpr, span

land bridge = (Alaska ve Sibiryay birbirinden ayranBering Boaznn iki yakasn (Asya ve Amerikaktalar) gemite birbirine baladna inanlan, inceuzun kara parasna (kprye) atfta bulunulmu.)

once = 1) bir zamanlar, gemite, at one time,

formerly; 2) bir kez / sefer / defa, one timeconnect (to) = (birbirine) balamak, birletirmek,balant kurmak, tie (to), link (with/to),zt anl.=separate (from), detach (from)

north-eastern = kuzeydou, kuzeydouda olan,kuzeydou ile ilgili

Asia = Asya (3.5 milyar aan nfusu ile dnyann enkalabalk, 1010 mlik ortalama ykseltisiyle de enyksek ktas)

inhabitant = bir yerde oturan kii, sakin, dweller,

habitantancestor = ata, cet, forebear, zt anl.= descendant

colleague = meslekta, i arkada, peer

counterpart = akran, muadil, mevkida, karlk, peer

descendant = torun, soyun devam, (bir kiinin)soyundan gelen, zt anl.= ancestor, forebear

Soru 2

team = grup, takm, kme, squad

archaeologist = arkeolog (insan ve insanlk tarihini,

geride braklan eserlere dayanarak inceleyen bil iminsan)

appear to = (bir ey) olduu anlalmak,(bir eyyapar) gibi grnmek, seem to

remains= (oul kullanlr) 1) kalnt(lar), arta kalan,

harabe, ruin, leftover; 2) ceset, corpseinstrument = 1) alet, aygt, cihaz, device; 2) ara,tool; 3) alg, enstrman

musical instrument = mzik aleti, alg

Neanderthal = Neandertal (200 bin ila 28 bin ylnce, fosilleri muhafaza etmeye msait kiretamaaralarda yaadklar iin haklarnda en fazla bilgisahibi olunan ve modern kltrde tipik maaraadam kalbn yaratan tarih ncesi insan tr)

site = 1) yer, yerleim; 2) sit alan; 3) inaat sahas,antiye; 4) blge, blm, location; 5) nternette site

sensitive=duygulu, duyarl, hassas, alngan,emotional, delicate, zt anl.= insensitive,thick-skinned

reluctant = isteksiz, gnlsz, unwilling, hesitant,uneager,zt anl.= willing, eager

relentless =1) bitmez tkenmez, endless;2) acmasz, merhametsiz, insafsz, pitiless,merciless

simple = basit, sade, uncomplicated, easy,elementary, zt anl.= complicated, difficult

confident = gvenli, emin, sr paylalabilir,kendinden emin, trustworthy, sure of oneself

Soru 3

loved = sevilen

one = 1) birisi, kimse, kii, person; 2) bir, tek,yegane, sole, single

painful = ac veren, zc, g, dreadful, upsetting,afflictive, zt anl.= painless, pain-free

heal = iyile(tir)mek, saaltmak, cure

wound = yara, hasar, yaralanma, injury, harm,damage, lesion

densely = youn bir ekilde, heavily, thickly, zt anl.=loosely, sparsely

excessively = ar derecede, overly, redundantly,ztanl.= moderately

eventually = sonunda, nihayet, at last, finally

casually = 1) geliigzel biimde, stnkr, ilgisiz,kaytsz, nonchalantly; 2) gnlk, sradan, zt anl.=formally

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cautiously = ihtiyatl, tedbirli, dikkatlice, carefully,thoughtfully, zt anl.= carelessly

Soru 4

lack of = (bir ey)in eksiklii, (bir ey)den yoksunluk,mahrum olma, shortness (of), deficiency,zt anl.=abundance

skill= beceri,ustalk, hner, ability, expertise

education = eitim ve retim, schooling

higher education = yksek renim / retim

issue = mesele, sorun, konu, matter, question, point

South African = Gney Afrikal

make a living =hayatn kazanmak, earn a living

decent = 1) yeterli, yeteri kadar, iyi, adequate,enough, zt anl.= inadequate; 2) saygn, makul, aklbanda, muntazam, respectable, acceptable,proper,zt anl.= indecent

prevent from = (bir ey)den alkoymak, nlemek,nne gemek, engellemek, hinder, stop, zt anl.=let, allow

promote = desteklemek, gelitirmek, olumasna izinvermek, uygun ortam hazrlamak, (reklamla)tantmak, advocate, encourage, publicise, zt anl.=impede, obstruct

complain = ikayet etmek, yaknmak, sound off, ztanl.= cheer

offer = 1) sunmak, arz etmek, salamak, provide,present;2) nermek, teklif etmek, propose, suggest

help = yardm etmek, desteklemek, support, assist

Soru 5

digest = derleme, seme, zet, tasnif, compilation

magazine = dergi, mecmua

digest magazine = eitli gazetelerden, roman veyklerden seme blm, yaz ve haberi bir arayagetiren dergi

gather = topla(n)mak, bir araya getirmek / gelmek,birik(tir)mek, assemble, collect, puttogether,accumulate, zt anl.= disperse, scatter

article = gazete / dergi makalesi, yaz, paper

even = bile, hatta

variety = eitlilik, deiiklik, farkllk, cins, tr,assortment, mixture

source = yararlanlan kaynak(a), reference

condense = zetlemek, ksaltmak, abridge

easily = 1) kolaylkla, zorlanmadan, zt anl.= with

difficulty; 2) tartmasz, without question, (easily thebest book shes written = tartmasz yazd en iyikitap); 3) pekala, muhtemelen, well, (That was amistake that could easily have ended in disaster. =Pekala felakete sebep olabilecek bir hatayd.)

development = ilerleme, gelime, advancement,ztanl.= regress

get along with = (birisi) ile (iyi) geinmek, uzlamak,get on well with, be in good terms with

look up to = hayranlk duymak, sayg beslemek,hrmet etmek, admire, (Every child needs someone

to look up to. = Her ocuun sayg duyabilecei(rnek alabilecei) birine ihtiyac vardr.)

keep up with=1)(bir ey)e yetimek, (bir ey)dengeri kalmamak, keep abreast of;2) karlamak, meet

make away with = 1) ortadan kaldrmak, kurtulmak,boa harcamak, ziyan etmek, get rid of; 2) (bir eyi)alp kamak, run away with

take over= (bir kii)nin yerine gemek, (birsorumluluu vs.) stlenmek, assume, (take over smtfrom smo = bir kiiden bir eyi devralmak)

Soru 6journey = yolculuk

ahead of = (bir ey)in nn(d)e

turn up =1) (radyo, mzik vs. iin) sesini ykseltmek;2) (beklenmedik bir ekilde) ortaya kmak, gelmek,come on /up, show up

go by = 1) (zaman vs. iin) gemek, (bir yer)dengeip gitmek, pass by, elapse; 2) (bir ey)e veya (birkimse)ye gre davranmak / hareket etmek, (Go bythe rules and youll be safe. = Kurallara uy; gvende

olursun.)make out =1) (bir eyin ne olduunu) kestirmek,karmak, semek, anlamak, zmek, perceive,understand;2) baarmak, be successful

break through = (bir yerden engelleri aarak)ilerlemek, zorla gemek, pass through, force a waythrough

set out =yola koyulmak, balamak, girimek, leave,set off, embark (on), start, begin, commence,ztanl.= stay, halt

Soru 4 - 6

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Soru 7

consumption = tketim, yeme-ime, intake

per capita = kii ba(na), per person

peak =en yksek dzey, en st seviye, zirve, doruk(noktas), maximum, zenith

decade = on yl

age = 1) ya; 2) a, devir, period

reach = ulamak, varmak, arrive, come

go down = inmek, dmek, azalmak, come down,decrease, descend, fall, zt anl.= go up, increase,ascend, rise

Soru 8

imagine = hayal etmek,farz etmek, guess, envisage

be like = (birisi ya da bir ey)e benzemek, andrmak,look like, take after,zt anl.= differ from, (What is theweather like in Bursa? = Bursada hava nasl?)

forget = unutmak, hatrlayamamak, ihmal etmek,blank out, zt anl.= remember

imagine what your life would be like ... = ...hayatnz nasl deiirdi, bir dnn

wake up = uyan(dr)mak, uykudan kaldrmak /kalkmak, waken, awake, zt anl.= fall asleep

learn = 1) (bilgi, beceri vs.) renmek, (belli birkonuda) eitim almak, acquire, study; 2) anlamak,fark etmek, find out, discover; 3) (genellikle baka birkaynaktan) duyarak bilgi edinmek, hear

Soru 9

for a long time now = gemiten bugne uzun birzamandr

emerging = ykselen, gelien, ortaya kan,emergent

economy = ekonomi, economic systemdynamic = hareketli, canl, dinamik, dynamical,active, zt anl.= undynamic

gross domestic product(GDP) = gayri safi yurtii /milli hasla (lkede, rnein bir yl iinde, retilen tmrnlerin ve hizmetlerin toplam piyasa deeri)

at an annual rate of 7.5% = yllk %7.5lik bir artla /hzla

rate = 1) hz, srat, pace;2) oran, nispet

grow = by(t)mek, genile(t)mek, develop, mature,

zt anl.= shrink, contract, compress

Soru 10

Imhotep = dehasndan tr sonraki Msr nesilleritarafndan tanrsallatrlm, ilk basamakl piramidin

mimar olan eski Msrl efsanevi yazar, hekim vemucit

god = tanr, ilah, put

medicine = 1) tp bilimi; 2) ila

mythological = mitolojik, efsanevi

figure = 1) ahsiyet, ahs, nemli / tannm kii,public figure; 2) rakam, say, number, digit; 3) ekil,shape

mind = 1) akl, zihin, head; 2) fikir, dnce, karar,yarg,judg(e)ment, (She changed her mind. = Fikrini

deitirdi.)scholar =akademisyen, bilgin

historical = tarihe gemi, tarihi, tarihsel

personage = nemli ahsiyet / karakter, importantperson

exist = var olmak, bulunmak, mevcut olmak, bepresent

establish=1)kantlamak, ispat etmek, prove,confirm, substantiate, zt anl.= disprove, deny;2) belirlemek, saptamak, determine, find out,

calculate; 3) kurmak, tesis etmek, constituteSoru 11

find smt hard = bir eyde zorlanmak, bir eyin zorolduunu dnmek

give up = (bir ey)den vazgemek, (bir ey)iterketmek / brakmak, quit, let go of, zt anl.= seize,stick to, take up

smoking= sigara (ime / kullanma) alkanl

outside = dardan, d, dar, d kaynakl, harici,external, zt anl.= inside

assistance= destek, yardm, aid, assist, help

seek = aramak, peine dmek, aratrmak, look for,pursue, inquire

Soru 12

warm-blooded = scakkanl (vcut scakln evrekoullarna gre deitirmeyip devaml olarak aynseviyede tutan), zt anl.= cold-blooded

keep = tutmak, muhafaza etmek, korumak, preserve,retain, hold, protect,zt anl.= release, let go

SOSYAL BLMLER - 15Soru 7 - 12

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core = i, z, esas, merkez, centre, nucleus, zt anl.=exterior

core body temperature = vcut i scakl (bir

canlnn vcudunun i ksmlarnn normal almascakl)

pretty = 1) olduka, epey, quite, rather; 2) gzel, irin,nice, cute

constant = 1) sabit, deimez, invariable, unvarying,stable, fixed, zt anl.= variable; 2) srekli, devaml,continuous, perpetual, relentless,zt anl.= terminable

regardless of = (bir ey)e bal olmakszn /baklmakszn, in spite of, without considering

physical = fiziki, fiziksel, bedensel

condition = 1) art, koul, requirement; 2) hal, durum,situation;3)rahatszlk, hastalk

through =1) (bir kii ya da ey) aracl ile / vastasile / sayesinde, by means of, by, thanks to, via; 2) (bireyin / bir yerin) iinden / arasndan

Soru 13

compare with = (bir ey) ile karlatrmak /kyaslamak, liken to

9/11 = 11 Eyll (11 Eyll 2001de New York, ABDdemeydana gelen, drt yolcu uann eitli binalar

hedef alnarak infilak ettirilmesi ve bu yolla sivil veaskerlere zarar verilmesini amalayan bir dizi terrsaldrs)

India = Hindistan (Gney Asyada bulunan, snrlariinde 14 blgesel dilin konuulduu, dnyann enkalabalk ikinci lkesi)

react to =(bir ey ya da bir kii)ye tepki gstermek,respond to, oppose

Mumbai = Bombay (Hindistann ve dnyann enkalabalk (20 milyon) kenti olup lkedeki sermayehareketlerinin %70i burada gereklemektedir.)

attack = 1) saldr, assault, onset; 2) nbet, atak, kriz,bout

restraint =kontrol,kstlama, dizginleme, bask,control, restriction, suppression, zt anl.= relief,indulgence

Soru 14

dislike = holanmamak, beenmemek, sevmemek,onaylamamak, disfavour, disapprove, zt anl.= like,enjoy, favour, approve

known as = olarak / yle bilinen / tannan

gossip = 1) dedikoducu, gossiper, gossipmonger;2) dedikodu, chit-chat

exceedingly = ar bir ekilde, son derece, ihtiyatanok fazla bir ekilde, extremely, passing, zt anl.=mildly, little

unusual =tuhaf, allmadk, ender, olaand,strange, uncommon,zt anl.= familiar, normal, usual

individual = 1) birey, kii, fert; 2) zel, ayr ayr, farkl,private, separate, zt anl.= common

a bit = 1) az miktarda, (a) little, zt anl.= a lot, many;2) para, parack, a piece

Soru 15

influence = etkilemek, lead, affect, shape

digital = dijital, saysal, zt anl.= analogue

digital technology = dijital teknoloji, (bilgisayar vedier elektronik cihazlarda kullanlan ve bilgininsaysallatrlm sinyallerle (1 ya da 0) saklanmasve aktarlmasn salayan sistem)

alter = (zne dokunmadan ksmen) dei(tir)mek,change, modify

besides = yan sra, yannda, (bir ey)den baka,also, as well as, in addition

owing to = nedeniyle, yznden, because of, due to

as if = gya, sanki mi / ... m gibi, as though,(He treats me as if I were his slave. = Banaklesiymiim gibi muamele ediyor.)

whereas = oysa, iken, while, (My wife likes opera,whereas I hate it. = Eim opera sever, oysaki ben(operadan) nefret ederim.)

Soru 16

as far as ... can tell = (birisi)ne gre, (birisi) sz

konusu olduunda, as far as ... is concernedprehistoric =tarih ncesi,tarih ncesi (dnemler) ileilgili

relatively = nispeten, greceli olarak, comparatively

despite the fact that... = ... gereine baklmakszn /ramen, regardless of the fact that...,although

apart from = (bir ey)den baka, (bir ey)inharicinde, other than, except for

unlike =tersine, tam aksine, (bir ey)den farklolarak, as opposed to, zt anl.= like


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Soru 17

type = eit, tr, kind, form

single-parent = bekar ebeveyn (einden ayrlm /

boanm ya da partneri olmadan ocuunu tekbana byten anne ya da baba)

unmarried = bekar, evlenmemi, single, unwed, ztanl.= married

divorced= boanm

widowed = (ei ld iin) dul kalm, (He waswidowed at the age of 40. = 40 yanda dul kald.)

Soru 18

personal = kiisel, bireysel, zt anl.= impersonal,

publicrelationship= iliki, yaknlk, arkadalk, dostluk

marriage= evlilik, evlenme, nikah

society = topluluk, toplum, dernek

important = nemli, deerli, kayda / dikkate deer,significant, zt anl.= unimportant, insignificant, trivial

basic = temel, ana, fundamental, zt anl.= incidental

institution = 1) kurum, messese, establishment;2) yerlemi gelenek, devaml olan ey

instead of =yerine, onun yerine..., (Instead of drivingto work, Id rather use public transport. = e arabaylagitmek yerine, toplu ulam kullanmay tercihederim.)

in addition to = (bir ey)e ek olarak, as well as

in opposition to = (bir ey)e kar / muhalif olarak,contrary to

in case of = halinde, durumunda

19. - 23. sorular(Metinde geen yabanc kelimeler)

argue = 1) (bir fikri vs.) savunmak, (belli bir) grteolmak; 2) kavga etmek, atmak, ekimek;3) tartmak, mnakaa etmek, mzakere etmek,discuss, debate

internal = i, dahili, lke ii ile ilgili, i tarafta, ztanl.= external

nation = ulus, millet, devlet, memleket, lke, country,land

great = byk, muazzam, ulu, big, large, outstanding

exercise= uygulamak, yerine getirmek, kullanmak,

icra etmek, practice

wide = geni, engin, byk, ferah, broad, zt anl.=narrow

trouble = zorluk, problem, glk, sknt, difficulty,

problem, worryfailure = baarszlk, yetersizlik, yetmezlik, bozukluk,malfunction, zt anl.= success

international = uluslararas

endeavour = aba, gayret, ura, mcadele, effort,struggle

peace = bar, huzur, asayi, accord, harmony, ztanl.= conflict, war

danger = tehlike, risk, hazard, risk

racist = rk, racialist

war = sava, battle, zt anl.= peacefar more = ok daha fazla, much more

devastating=ykc, yok edici, harap edici,destructive, disastrous, zt anl.= constructive

conflict = anlamazlk, ihtilaf, atma,disagreement, fight, zt anl.= accord, peace

Middle East = Orta Dou (gneybat Asyadatarihsel ve kltrel yaknl olan, Suriye, Trkiye,Irak, rdn, srail ve Lbnan dahil, toplam 15 lkeninoluturduu corafi blge)

continued = devaml, srekli, aralksz, constant,ztanl.= temporary

unrest=huzursuzluk, kargaa, disturbance,dissatisfaction, zt anl.= peace, harmony

Far East = Uzak Dou (Asyann dousunda,aralarnda in, Japonya, Endonezya, Filipinler veMalezyann da bulunduu toplam 17 lkenintamamna verilen genel isim)

worse = daha kt, zt anl.= better

growing = artan, byyen, rising, raising, increasing,zt anl.= decreasing, diminishing

tension =gerilim, gerginlik, gerilme kuvveti, stress,strain, zt anl.= calmness, relaxation

rich (isim) = (the rich eklinde kullanlr) zenginler,varlkl olanlar, wealthy, zt anl.= poor

poor (isim) = (the poor eklinde kullanlr) fakirler,yoksullar, zt anl.= rich

give rise to = (bir ey)e yol amak / neden olmak,meydana getirmek, lead to, bring about, produce, ztanl.= eradicate, destroy

fresh = yeni, taze, new


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Soru 19

briefly = 1) ksa bir sre iin, for a short time;2) ksaca, shortly

widely = 1) byk lde, ak farkla, uzak ara;2) genellikle, geni apta, yaygn olarak, commonly,usually, zt anl.= uncommonly, rarely

intensely = youn bir ekilde, greatly,zt anl.= slightly

hardly = zar zor, glkle, ok az, kt ktna, barely,zt anl.= enough, sufficiently

Soru 20

define = tanmlamak, tarif etmek, belirlemek,belirtmek, specify, designate

use = kullanmak, yararlanmak, utilize, employ, applyplay = 1) (mzik aleti, mzik vs.) almak; 2) (oyun,futbol vs.) oynamak; 3) (tiyatro vs.de) oynamak, (birkarakteri) canlandrmak, act

play a part (in) = (bir eyde) rol oynamak, etkisi /katks olmak, contribute (to), take part (in)

claim = talep / iddia etmek, demand, request, ztanl.= disclaim, deny

proceed=1)ilerlemek, devam etmek, advance,continue, zt anl.= stop; 2) (bir eyden)kaynaklanmak / ortaya kmak

Soru 21

tolerance= hogr, tolerans, tahamml,permissiveness, zt anl.= intolerance

agreement = mutabakat, anlama, szleme,uyuma, accord, zt anl.= discord, disagreement

emergence = ortaya kma, appearance, zt anl.=disappearance

establishment = 1) tesis etme / edilme, kur(ul)ma,foundation; 2) kurulu, enterprise

representation = tasvir, betimleme, temsil

Soru 22

otherwise=yoksa, aksi takdirde, or else, or

despite = (bir ey)e karn / ramen, in spite of,regardless of

notwithstanding= (bir ey)e ramen, (bir ey) ilebirlikte, (bir ey)i dikkate almakszn, despite, in spiteof, regardless of

nevertheless= yine de, bununla birlikte, however,

even so

moreover =bundan baka, ayrca, stelik,additionally, furthermore

Soru 23

throughout =1) her yerinde, (bir eyin) tamamnda,around, all over; 2) batanbaa, boyunca, bir utandierine, end-to-end, all through

beside = 1) yannda, bitii(k/inde), yan banda,alongside; 2) ile karlatrldnda, (I look veryscruffy beside you. = Kendimi seninlekarlatrdmda, ben ok pejmrde grnyorum.)

Soru 24

enter = girmek, nfuz etmek, get into, access, ztanl.= leave, get out

library = ktphane, kitaplk

glance = gz atmak / gezdirmek, bakvermek,glimpse

shelf = (oul: shelves) raf

be expected to do smt = bir ey yapmas beklenmek,be required /waited to do smt

classify = snflandrmak, kategorize etmek, gruplaraayrmak, categorize, sort, group, break down, ztanl.= declassify

bulk= 1) byk blm / hacim / ktle, (The bulk ofthe work is finished. = in byk blm bitti.);2) (kimi gda maddeleri vs. iin) dkme(paketlenmemi)

at first = ilk nce, balangta, ilkin, initially, zt anl.=finally

bewildered = akn, afallam, akna dnm,sersem, kafas kark, amazed, confused

quantity = miktar, nicelik, amount

look for = aramak, bulmaya almak, search

tidy up = (ortal) toplamak / ekidzen vermek,dzeltmek, derleyip toparlamak, clean up, straighten

working day = i / alma gn

librarian = ktphane mdr / memuru,ktphaneci

online = evrim ii (nternet veya baka bir bilgisayarana bal olma hali)

service =hizmet,servis, help

online service = evrim ii hizmet (bilgisayar vemodem araclyla bilgi bankalarna ve eitli

bilgilere ulamay salayan hizmet)


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Soru 25

it is a long time before they can use the numberseffectively = onlar saylar dzgn bir ekilde

kullanmay renene kadar uzun zaman geerreadily = 1) abucak, hzla, zamannda, seve seve,promptly, rapidly, willingly,zt anl.= slowly, late;2) kolayca, hazrda / kolayda, easily

effectively = etkin / verimli bir ekilde, efficiently,ztanl.= ineffectively, inefficiently

research = aratrma, alma, study

carry out = yapmak, gerekletirmek, uygulamak,yerine getirmek, accomplish, fulfil, implement,perform, conduct

process = sre, procedure, progressionencourage = tevik etmek, zendirmek, cesaretvermek, yreklendirmek, promote, zt anl.= deter,discourage

solve = (sorun vs.) zmek, yoluna koymak, settle,sort out, resolve

complex = karmak, anlalmas g, complicated,zt anl.= simple, straightforward

matter = nemi / nemli olmak, fark etmek, count

it doesnt matter = fark etmez, nemi yok, zarar

yokmaths = matematik (dersi)

multiply =1) (matematikte) arpmak, zt anl.=divide; 2)re(t)mek, oal(t)mak, yay(l)mak,reproduce, propagate, spread

digit = rakam hanesi, basamak

two-digit number = iki haneli rakam / say

Soru 26

form = eit, tr, type, kind

evidence = delil, belirti, gsterge, iaret, clue,indication, hint, proof

state = 1) hal, durum, form; 2) devlet, lke, nation,country

poor = 1) yetersiz, kt, elverisiz, inadequate, ztanl.= adequate; 2) fakir, yoksul, zt anl.= rich, wealthy

preservation = muhafaza, koru(n)ma, sakla(n)ma,conservation

be in a state of poor preservation = yetersiz / ktkoruma altnda olmak, dzgn korunmamak

environmental = evresel, evre ile ilgili

archaeology= arkeoloji bilimi (kaz vb. yntemlerleortaya karlan tarih yaptlar kltrel, sanatsal ve

tarihsel ynden inceleyerek insanolunun gemitenbugne geliimini aratran antropoloji biliminin altdal)

environmental archaeology = evresel arkeoloji(geleneksel arkeolojiye alternatif olarak gelien, doave fen bilim dallaryla btnleerek, kltrelsorunlarn zmne ynelik aratrmalar yapanbilim dal)

well-developed = iyi gelimi / bym

discipline = bilim dal, disiplin

reconstruct =(ksmen bilinen bir eyin) btnn

belirgin hale getirmek, (olaylar) yerli yerine koymak,restructure

work = i, alma, eser

fossil = fosil (kaya tabakalar arasnda talamhalde bulunan ok eski canl kalnts)

survive = var olmay / yaamay srdrebilmek,ayakta / sa kalmak, remain, live on,zt anl.= perish,die

dry= kurak, kuru, zt anl.= wet

cave = maara, in

probably = muhtemelen, olaslkla, likely

disregard = hie saymak, bo vermek, aldrmamak,ignore, overlook, zt anl.= consider, pay attention

Soru 27

analytic philosophy = analitik felsefe (kurucusu veen byk temsilcisi Avusturyal filozof LudwigWittgenstein olan, 1945-1960 yllar arasndazellikle Anglo-Sakson corafyada gelien, herdurumda felsefi problemleri dil asndan ele alp buproblemlere dil analizi yaparak zm arayan akm)

empirical = deneysel, gzlemsel,deneye / gzlemedayanan, empiric

field = bilim dal, alan, disiplin, discipline

analyst = analist, analizci, aratrmac

interdisciplinary = bilimler / disiplinler aras

study = aratrma, alma, research

prove =1) kantlamak, ispatlamak,ortaya karmak,confirm, establish,zt anl.= disprove, deny; 2) (birey olduu) ortaya kmak / anlalmak, (proved

problematic = problemli kt)


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invaluable = paha biilemeyen, ok nemli / deerli,zt anl.= worthless

social scientist = sosyal bilimci (dnyann ve

yaamn insani ve toplumsal ynlerini inceleyen biliminsan)

opinion = gr, fikir, dnce, inan, bak as,view, conception

be of the same opinion = ayn dncede / fikirdeolmak, ayn inanc / dnceyi paylamak

engage in = (bir ey) ile megul olmak, be involved in

puzzled = kafas kark, akn, at a loss,bewildered, confused

art = sanat

appreciation = 1) (bir eyin) deerini / nemini /gerekliliini anlama, discernment, taste; 2) takdir,minnettarlk, admiration

develop = geli(tir)mek, ortaya k(ar)mak, bring out

only recently= daha yeni

recently = yakn zamanda, son zamanlarda, lately

Soru 28

Dublin = rlandann bakenti ve en byk ehri

fairly = 1) olduka, somewhat, quite, zt anl.=

extremely; 2) adilce, justly, equitably, zt anl.= unfairlyidentity = kimlik, hviyet, bir kii ya da yeridierlerinden ayran zellikler

thriving = istikrarl bir ekilde byyen / gelien,prosperous, flourishing, growing

rich in history = kkl bir tarihi olan, tarihi adanzengin

run through = (nehir, dere vs. iin) bir eyin veya(bir yer)in iinden akmak / gemek, flow through,(Venice is famous for its water canals running

through the city. = Venedik, ehrin iinden geen(ak) su kanallar ile nldr.)

harbour = liman, barnak, seaport, haven

famous for = (bir ey)i ile nl olmak, (Venice isfamous for its water canals running through the city.= Venedik, ehrin iinden geen (ak) su kanallarile nldr.)

cultural = kltrel, ethnic

heritage= miras, kalt, inheritance

cultural heritage = kltrel miras (eski alardangnmze kadar gelebilmi, tanabilen veyatanamayan, yer altnda veya yer stnde rastlanantarihi ve sanatsal eserler)

attract = (ilgisini) ekmek, cezbetmek, etkilemek,appeal to, zt anl.= repel

Soru 29

face = (birisi / bir ey) ile kar karya gelmek,yzlemek, yz yze gelmek, (birisi / bir ey)inkarsna kmak, challenge, confront, encounter, ztanl.= avoid, evade, retreat (from)

terribly =son derece, awfully

to do list = yaplacak iler listesi

hopelessly = mitsizce, umutsuzca, aresizce,desperately, zt anl.= hopefully

discourage = cesaretini / hevesini krmak, gznkorkutmak, deter, dissuade, zt anl.= urge,encourage

unnecessarily = bo yere, gereksizce, unduly,ztanl.= reasonably, sensibly

exaggerate = abartmak, gznde bytmek,overemphasise,zt anl.= underestimate

motivate = motive etmek, harekete geirmek, tevik

etmek, cesaretlendirmek, excite, inspire, encourage,zt anl.= discourage

put off = 1) ertelemek, postpone, defer;2) (birey)den soutmak, tiksindirmek, repel, turn off

be wasted = israf / heba olmak, boa gitmek, ztanl.= be conserved

Soru 30

voice = ses, ses tonu

sound= ses vermek / karmak, duyulmak

sound high and thin = (sesi) yksek / tiz ama zayfkmak

thin = 1) ince, clz, weak, zt anl.= strong, rich;2) zayf, weak, slim, zt anl.= fat

tape = ses kaseti, bant

actually = aslnda, aslna baklrsa, esasnda,gerekten, as a matter of fact, to tell the truth, in fact

close = yakn, yakn(lar)da, yaknda(ki), nearby, ztanl.= far-off, far


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good-quality = iyi kalite, vasfl

recording = ses kayd, bant, kayt, transcription

loss = azalma, eksilme, kayp, zarar, ziyan,

deprivation, zt anl.= gainresearcher = aratrmac, investigator

experience = yaamak, tecrbe etmek,(birdnemden) gemek, go through, undergo, zt anl.=avoid

level = belli bir derece(de), seviye, dzey

anxiety = (endie, korku ve kuruntunun yarattgerilimle beliren) huzursuzluk hali, i sknts, worry,uneasiness, zt anl.= tranquillity

social anxiety = sosyal kayg / fobi / anksiyete

(insan hayatnn akn ve duygu durumunuderinden etkileyen, gndelik hayatn gerekliliklerinikabusa dntren, sosyal ortamlarda aa kankorku ve kayg duygusu)

Soru 31

mystery = gizem, sr, esrar, secret, enigma, zt anl.=revelation, explanation

novel = roman

mystery-type novel = dedektif / cinayet tr roman

provide with = salamak, bulmak, temin etmek,supply, render,zt anl.= withhold

background = 1) (bir olayn) ncesi / gemii / arkaplan; 2) (bir kimsenin) gemiten gelen kltr veeitim birikimi / aile yaps

crime = su, cinayet, sabka, criminal offense

necessary = gerekli, zorunlu, zaruri, nemli,essential, zt anl.= unnecessary

challenge = meydan okumak, kafa tutmak, (gcn,yeteneini vs.) snamak, confront

detective = dedektif, hafiye, investigatorchance = frsat, ans, opportunity, prospect

have a chance = frsat yakalamak, ans olmak,imkan bulmak

imagination = hayal / d gc, imagery

author = yazar, writer

harshly = acmaszca, serte, iddetle, sternly,sharply,zt anl.= softly, lightly, gently

criticize = eletirmek, yermek, tenkit etmek, zt anl.=praise

Soru 32

Austria = Avusturya (Orta Avrupada denize kysbulunmayan, dokuz eyaletten oluan federal devlet)

linguistically = dilsel olarak, dil ynnden, dilbilimselynden

homogeneous = homojen, badak, ayn, aynyapda, zt anl.= heterogeneous

Austria is linguistically homogeneous =Avusturyada tek bir dil konuulmaktadr

population = nfus, poplasyon

German = 1) Almanca; 2) Alman

linguistic = dilsel, szel, dile ait

difference = fark, kartlk, ztlk, distinction, contrast,zt anl.= similarity, l ikeness

majority = ounluk, byk ksm, zt anl.= minority

deny = 1) yadsmak, yalanlamak, reddetmek, inkaretmek, refuse, reject, zt anl.= admit, accept;2) yoksun brakmak, deprive of

German-speaking country = Almanca konuulanlke

difficulty = glk, zorluk, problem, trouble

have difficulty = zorluk / glk gemek

Austrian = Avusturyalat least = en az / aa, at the least, zt anl.= at most

foreign = d, yabanc, yabanc uyruklu

considerable = nemli, hatr saylr, byk, hayli,fazla, sizable, substantial, zt anl.= little, insignificant

dialect = lehe

various = eitli, farkl, several, diverse, different

region = blge, yre, alan, evre, zone, area, location

resulting = sonu olarak ortaya kan, sonutaki,

consequentheterogeneity= heterojenite, farkllk (baka bir trile karlatrlabilir olmama hali), zt anl.=homogeneity

contribute to = katkda bulunmak, pay olmak,support, help

diversity = eitlilik, farkllk, variety, assortment,ztanl.= uniformity

cultural diversity = kltrel eitlilik


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Soru 33

Japan = Japonya (Dou Asyada gemi inaat,elektronik ve otomobil retiminde bir dnya devi olan

ada lkesi)effort = aba, gayret, hard work

reduce = azal(t)mak, cut down, diminish, decrease,lower, zt anl.= increase

piracy =korsanlk

incident = (genellikle kt sonular olan) olay,hadise, occurrence, event, happening

area = blge, alan, muhit, region

highly = ok, byk oranda, vastly, greatly

successful = baarl, etkili, victorious, winning, ztanl.= unsuccessful

several = 1) ok, pek ok, ikiden ok, many, various;2) srasyla, ayr ayr, respective, various

adopt =benimsemek, accept, assume, zt anl.=reject, turn down

similar = yakn, benzer, akin, alike, zt anl.= different

tactic = taktik, manevra, bavurulan yol ve yntem

local = yerel, yresel, blgesel

security = gvenlik, protection

security forces = gvenlik kuvvetleri

respond = karlk vermek, tepki gstermek, react

usual = allm, olaan, sradan, ordinary, zt anl.=unusual

policy =(bir konuda izlenecek) siyaset, politika, tutum

government = hkmet, devlet

one = (C seeneinde a policy yerine kullanlmolan zamir.)

non-interference= mdahale etmeme, karmama

choose = semek, tercih etmek, opt, pick out, select,prefer

rise to the challenge = zorluklara gs germek,(bir duruma vs.) meydan okumaya hazrlanmak

lack = (bir ey)den yoksun olmak, mahrum olmak,be short of, be without, zt anl.= have, own

desire = arzu, iddetli istek, want

assert = 1) (hakkn vs.) gl bir ekilde savunmak /kabul ettirmeye almak, declare, insist, press;2) ileri srmek, iddia etmek, put forward

Soru 34

terrorism = terr, terrizm (yldrma siyaseti)

likely to = olas, muhtemel, beklenen, probable,

expected, zt anl.= improbable, unlikelycease = durmak, sona er(dir)mek, (bir ey yapmay)durdurmak, end, stop, halt, quit, zt anl.= begin,continue, (cease-fire = atekes)

be in need of = (bir ey)e ihtiyac olmak / gereksinimduymak

reform = reform, yenilik, improvement, revision

hope (for) =(bir eyin olmasn) sabrszlklabeklemek / iple ekmek, (bir ey iin) can atmak,expect, look forward

end = sona er(dir)mek, bit(ir)mek, terminate, stop,quit, cease, be over,zt anl.= begin, start

shortcoming = eksiklik, kusur, noksan, yetersizlik,defect, flaw

right =dzeltmek, correct

symbolic = sembolik, simgesel, symbolical

wrong = hakszlk, yanllk, hata

it is not enough to right symbolic wrongs = baznemsiz, sembolik (byk grup iinde ok kk biriki) hakszl dzeltmek yeterli deildir

Soru 35

concept = kavram, konu, dnce, gr,conception, idea, notion

Emotional Intelligence = duygusal zeka (bir insannkendisine veya bakalarna ait duygular anlama,sezinleme, ynetme ve ynlendirme yetenei,kapasitesi ve becerisinin lmn ieren kavram),EQ

enormous = muazzam, ok byk, tremendous,immense, huge,zt anl.= tiny, little, insignificant

impact = 1) etki, tesir, nfuz, effect, influence;2) darbe, arpma, hit, collision

workplace = i yeri, work

reconsider=tekrar gzden geirmek / dnmek /ele almak, yeniden incelemek

routine = alkanlk, program, rutin, dzen (ayn iin /ilerin belli aralklarla tekrar edilmesi)

seem = (gibi) grnmek, look, appear


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admit = kabul etmek, itiraf etmek, (gelmesine,girmesine vs.) izin vermek, accept, allow, zt anl.=deny, reject

as long as = srece, mddete, so long ascontempt = nefret, hor grme, kmseme,ayplama, despite, disrespect, disdain

disgust = irenme, tiksinti

employer = iveren, patron

realize =farkna varmak, anlamak, recognize,acknowledge, be aware of

considerate = dnceli, saygl, thoughtful, zt anl.=inconsiderate

Soru 42employment = istihdam, i, employ, work, zt anl.=unemployment

bring about = meydana getirmek, neden olmak, giverise, produce, effectuate, account for, (The new lawbrought about many complaints. = Yeni yasa pek okikayete neden oldu.)

permanent = kalc, daimi, srekli, lasting,unchanging,zt anl.= temporary

reduction = azal(t)ma, in(dir)me, indirim, decrease,zt anl.= increase

occupation =1) i, meslek, ura, profession,vocation; 2) igal, invasion, seizure

increase = art, rise,zt anl.= decrease, fall

illustrate = aklamak, rneklemek, belirtmek,rneklerle tasvir etmek / betimlemek, exemplify,instance

be illustrated in sth = bir ey ile rneklenmek, bireyde tanmn bulmak

occur = olmak, meydana gelmek, happen, take place

agriculture = tarm, ziraat, farming, husbandrymass production tools = seri retim aralar

on the other hand = dier / te yandan, then again

labour = emek, i, alma, toil

industry = endstri, sanayi

temporary =geici, kesin olmayan, interim,provisional, transitory, zt anl.= permanent

displacement = 1) yerinden etme / alma; 2) yerindenoynama / kayma; 3) deplasman (bir cismin kapladalandaki su veya havann arl)

require = (bir ey)i gerektirmek, (bir ey) istemek,zorunlu klmak, ask, call for, compel, oblige, demand

sharp = 1) keskin, iddetli, steep, abrupt, zt anl.=

gentle; 2) zeki, akl(ca), intelligent, zt anl.= slowclerical = 1) memuriyet / memurluk ile ilgil i; 2) yaz /bro ileri ile ilgili

degree = derece, byklk, level, grade, stage

flexibility = esneklik, zt anl.= inflexibility

depend on / upon = (bir ey)e baml / bal olmak,rely on, zt anl.= be independent (from)

regular = dzenli,tutarl, istikrarl, devaml,consistent, steady, zt anl.= irregular, unsteady,inconsistent

cash = nakit, nakit para, hard currency, zt anl.=credit

income = gelir, kazan, earnings, zt anl.= outgo

goods = ticari mallar, commodities, articles of trade

as well as = 1) (bir ey)e ek olarak, de / da, ve;2) (hem) hem de , in addition to; 3) hem de ...,(onu) da, and also, (Not: As well, as well as zarf ileayn anlam tar, ancak cmle sonunda kullanlr:Ive bought a tie and a shirt as well. = Bir kravat, birde gmlek satn aldm.)

Soru 43anthology = seki, antoloji (iir veya hikaye gibi bellibir grup edebi eserin topland kitap)

stage = aama, evre, safha, phase

take shape = ekillenmek, (bir eyin) eklini almak,form, spring, take form

foresee = nceden grmek / sezmek, anticipate,predict

consider = 1) dikkate almak, gz nnde tutmak,take into account;2)dnmek, aklda tartmak, think

about;3) (yle olduuna) inanmak, assume, regard,deem;4)zerinde dnmek, think over

favourite = favori, sevilen, beenilen, tutulan,best-loved, preferred

public = kamu, halk, populace

direct = 1) ynlendirmek, guide;2) talimat vermek,instruct

piece = 1) para, ksm, bit, slice; 2) (satranta) ta


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miss = 1) gzden ka(r)mak; 2) (otobs, ders, frsatvs.) karmak, 3) karavana atmak, zt anl.= hit;4) zlemek, hasretini ekmek, long for, yearn for;5) kayp olmak, (My son is missing. = Olum kayp.)

indeed = aslna baklrsa / bakarsanz, aslnda,gerekten, hakikaten, dorusu, certainly, without adoubt, in fact, actually

often = sklkla, ounlukla, sk sk, frequently, ztanl.= rarely, (We often meet over a cup of coffee. =ounlukla bir kahve iimlik aralarda / zamanlardagryoruz.)

outgrow = 1) (zamanla) (bir alkanlk vs.)denvazgemek; 2) (yaa) geride brakmak

poem = iir, verse form

choice = seenek, seim, are, alternative, option,pick, selection

of course = tabii ki, elbette, doaldr ki, hi kuku yokki, kukusuz, naturally, as might be expected

a handful (of) = az miktarda, bir avu, bir elinparmaklar kadar, smattering, fistful

Soru 44

complicated = karmak, anlalmas g, complex,intricate, zt anl.= simple

improve = dzel(t)mek, yoluna koymak, geli(tir)mek,art(tr)mak, enhance, upgrade, increase,zt anl.=deteriorate, worsen, decrease, weaken

over = 1) (edat) zerin(d)e, stn(d)e, yukarsn(d)a;2) (zarf) (zaman iin) btn, boyunca, (stay over theweekend = hafta sonu boyunca kalmak);3) (sfat) bitti, bitmi, (The lesson is over. = Dersbitti.)

alive = hayatta, canl, yayor (olmak), live, animated,zt anl.= dead

fellow = 1) arkada, dost, companion; 2) m

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