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You and most other organisms can’t use the energy of sunlight directly. Instead, you take in and use food as a source of energy.
You also use energy for growth and repair.
Some bacteria live at the bottom of the oceans and in other areas where sunlight cannot reach. They can’t use the Sun’s energy to produce food.
Instead, the bacteria use energy stored in some _______________compounds and the raw material carbon dioxide to make food.
(Chemosynthesis)
Many of these bacteria do not need oxygen to release the energy found in their food.
4. Grow and Develop
Growth of many-celled organisms is mostly due to an increase in the number of cells. _______________ is the process of becoming larger.
In one-celled organisms, growth is due to an increase in the size of the cell.
Organisms change as they grow.
All of the changes that take place during the life of an organism are called development. ______________________ is the process of change
that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism
__________________ is the length of time an organism is expected to live.
Your life span is about 80 yrs; A pine tree can be 4,600 years
5. Reproduce
Cats, dogs, alligators, fish, birds, bees, and trees eventually reproduce.
_________________, or produce offspring that are similar to the parents. Living things arise from living things through reproduction.
Living things reproduce themselves in many different ways.
Beetles, like most insects, reproduce by laying eggs.
Without reproduction, living things would not exist to replace those individuals that die. Organisms reproduce at different rates. Bacteria-
minutes; Trees- years
6. Similar Chemicals
Organisms contain similar chemicals
The most abundant chemical in cells is ___________________.
Another chemical called carbohydrate is a cell’s energy source.
Proteins and lipids(fats) are the building materials of cells.
Nucleic acids are the ____________________ materials that direct the cell’s activities.
4 Basic things all living things need
All organisms need 4 basic things to live: 1. Living Space, 2. Food (raw materials), 3. Water (raw materials), 4. Stable internal conditions (Homeostasis)
To survive, all living things need a place to live and raw materials.
The raw materials that they require and the exact place where they live can vary.
1. Living Space
Living Space- Because space on Earth is ____________________, some organisms _______________________ for food and space.
Explain how similarities are used to classify organisms
Explain the system of Binomial Nomenclature
Demonstrate how to use a Dichotomous Key
Classification
Libraries group similar types of books together. When you place similar items together, you _________________________ them.
Organisms also are classified into groups. ___________________________________ is the process of grouping things based on their similarities.
Biologists use classification to organize living things into _________________________ so that the organisms are easier to study.
The scientific study of how living things are classified is called taxonomy. A biologist who specialize in classifying organisms is called a taxonomist.
Taxonomy is useful because once an organism is classified, a scientist knows a lot about that organism.
For example, if you know that a crow is classified as a bird, then you know that a crow has wings, feathers, and a beak.
History of Classification
More than 2,000 years ago, a Greek named Aristotle observed living things. He decided that any organism could be classified as either a _________ or
an __________________. Then he broke these two groups into smaller groups.
Animal categories included hair or no hair, four legs or few legs, and blood or no blood.
Carolus Linnaeus developed a new system of grouping organisms.
His classification system was based on looking for organisms with similar_________________________. For example, plants that had similar
flower structure were grouped together. Modern scientists use similarities in structure to classify organisms. They also use similarities in both
external and internal features. Specific characteristics at the cellular level can be used to infer the degree of relatedness among organisms.
In addition, scientists study fossils, hereditary information, and early stages of development. They use all of this information to
determine an organism’s phylogeny. ___________________________(fi LAH juh nee) is the evolutionary history of an
organism, or how it has changed over time.
Binomial Nomenclature
Linnaeus’s naming system for organisms called___________________ nomenclature, in which each
organism is given a ________________________ name. It is the system used by modern
scientists to name organisms.
The first part of an organism’s scientific name is its genus.
A __________ is a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms.
Examples would be claws or hunting other animals. (physical characteristics also