1 Some standards, some examples, and a UK perspective Paul Miller Interoperability Focus UK Office for Library & Information Networking (UKOLN) [email protected]http:// www.ukoln.ac.uk/ UKOLN is funded by the Library and Information Commission, the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the Higher Education Funding Councils, as well as by project funding from the JISC and the European Union. UKOLN also receives support from the University of Bath where
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Some standards, some examples, and a UK perspective
Some standards, some examples, and a UK perspective. Paul Miller Interoperability Focus UK Office for Library & Information Networking (UKOLN) [email protected]://www.ukoln.ac.uk/. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Some standards, some examples, and a UK
perspectivePaul Miller
Interoperability FocusUK Office for Library & Information Networking (UKOLN)
UKOLN is funded by the Library and Information Commission, the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the Higher Education Funding Councils, as well as by project funding from the JISC and the European Union. UKOLN also receives support from the University of Bath where it is based.
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Outline• Scoping the problem
• Cultural Heritage information• Other ‘memory organizations’• The Internet
• International– available in 20 languages, with more on the
way...
Introducing the Dublin Core
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• Title• Creator• Subject• Description• Publisher• Contributor• Date• Type
• Format• Identifier• Source• Language• Relation• Coverage• Rights
http://purl.org/dc/
Introducing the Dublin Core
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Extending DC (semantic)
• Improve descriptive precision by adding sub–structure (subelements and schemes)
– Greater precision = lesser interoperability
• Should ‘dumb down’ gracefully
Creator
First Name
Surname Contact Info
Affiliation
Based on a slide by Stu Weibel
Element qualifier Value qualifier
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Extending DC (modularity)
• Modular extensibility…• Additional elements to support local needs• Complementary packages of metadata
• …but only if we get the building blocks right!
Description Spatial character
Terms & Conditions
Based on a slide by Stu Weibel
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Extending DC?
• DC offers a semantic framework• Through use of further substructure,
meaning can often be clarified…
<Creator> “John”John Inc. ?John xyz ?xyz John ?
<Creator> <fore name> “John” John Inc.John xyzxyz John.
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Extending DC?
• DC offers a semantic framework• Use of domain–specific schemes
greatly increases precision
<Coverage> “Washington”Washington State ?Washington DC ?Washington monument ?
<Coverage> <TGN> “Washington” Washington StateWashington DCWashington monument
“North and Central America, United States, Washington”
http://gii.getty.edu/tgn_browser/
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Introducing XML
• eXtensible Markup Language• World Wide Web Consortium
recommendation• Simplified subset of SGML for use on the
Web• Addresses HTML’s lack of evolvability• Easily extended• Supported by major vendors• Increasingly used as a transfer syntax, but
capable of far more….
See http://www.w3.org/XML/See http://www.w3.org/XML/
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Introducing RDF
• Resource Description Framework• World Wide Web Consortium
recommendation• Fully compliant application of XML• Improves upon XML, HTML, PICS…• Machine understandable metadata!• Supports structure• Encourages authenticity assertions.
See http://www.w3.org/RDF/See http://www.w3.org/RDF/
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Data Integration• “The author of this document is Paul”• “Paul is the author of this document”• “This document is authored by Paul”• “The author of this document is Paul”
• 3 Representation(s) in XML:
<author> <url> http://doc_url </url> <name> Paul </name></author>
<document> <author> <name> Paul </name> </author> <url> http://doc_url </url></document>
• Declaration of vocabularies• properties defined by a particular community• characteristics of properties and/or constraints on
corresponding values
• Schema Type System - Basic Types• Property, Class, SubClassOf, Domain, Range• Minimal (but extensible) at this time• minimize significant clashes with typing system
designed for XML NG DTDs (1999?)
• Expressible in the RDF model and syntax• Interest in trying this with some of the Getty
thesauri…
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Schema Vocabularies
• Enables communities to share machine readable tokens and locally define human readable labels.