Somaliland Country Report Mark Bradbury

7/27/2019 Somaliland Country Report Mark Bradbury

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Editorial

Adom

Brodbury

Ray Akang

Design Maps

Rich

Cawley dom Brodbury

over

photo

Homish

Wilsan

Print Habbs

the

Printer Ltd Tattan Hompshil e

5 3WX


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ark

radbury

IIR 997

Third printing

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IS N

85287 87 3


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SOMALILAND

ont nts

Maps

About ICD and the author

Introduction

Part I The

rise and

fall

of the Somali State

The Somal i people

Culture and conflict

The colonial legacy

Independence

Military

rule

The

Ogaden

War and its aftermath

Economic transformation and underdevelopment

The

198 s

economic decline

and war

Disintegration of the Somali State

The Somali

civil war 1988 91

War with the Majeerteen

War with the Issaq

War with the Ogaden

War

with the

Hawiye

The Digil and Rahanweyne

The

opposition

proliferates

The Manifesto Group

The fal l of Siad Barre

War and famine

International intervention

International reaction to the war

Military

intervention

The Addis Ababa conference on national reconciliation

UNOSOM

The United Nations at

war

Part Somaliland 1991 96

The secession

of

Somaliland

The Tuur administration

1991 93

The Borama conference

The Peace Charter

CIIR COUNTRY REPORT

iv

vi

4

5

5

7

7

9

1

1

1

12

12

12

12

13

13

14

14

14

15

15

16

18

19

22


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SOMALILAND

The

National Charter 22

The Sanaag Peace Conference 22

The Egal administration

1993 95 22

The state

of government 22

Return

to

wa r

5

Political factors 5

The Burco

factor

6

The

SNM factor 6

Economic dimensions of the war 27

Decentralisation

an d

governance

8

The role of the

National

uurti

9

International

relations 9

Somaliland 996: Make or break

Somaliland

consolidates independence

The Harshin conference

and

f irst moves

towards

reconciliation

A progressive peace process

hir beeleedka 33

Fission

an d

fusion 4

Reconsidering

th e

role

of

elders and

the National uurti 4

Future prospects 5

International assistance in Somaliland

36

War and humanitarian intervention 4

The

impact of th e

Somali Civil

War 4

The

UN s

lost

agenda 4

Epilogue: Understanding the Somali conflict

4

Notes and References

45

Abbreviations and glossary 48

Boxes

1. Somali clans and modern

politico-military movements

2. Security, law and

order

3. Frankincense and fishing

4. Crop production

5. Geography of Somaliland

6. The people of Somaliland

7 Primary Issaq lineages

8 The Somali National Movement

4

9

9

2

2

2

9. Demobilisation 23

10. Mines a lasting legacy 24

11. The new Somaliland shill ing 27

12. The limits of government 28

13. The Peace Committee fo r Somaliland 32

14. Local non-governmental organisations 37

15. Capacity building in Somaliland 38

16. Women in Somal iland 39

17. Political fragmentation

4

C II R C OU NT RY REPORT


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SOM LIL ND

B RI

Regional boundary

International boundary

GUL

DEN

IIR OUNTRY REPORT

ETHIOPIA

SOM LI

i

t

Somaliland Country Report Mark Bradbury

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